Coating apparatus for coating a carrier substrate with a dry film

Abstract

The present invention relates to an application unit (101; 101') having a powder conveying device (700; 700') for conveying powdered materials (004; 004'), wherein the application unit (101; 101') includes a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103') forming a roller gap (104; 104') with the first roller (102; 102'), wherein a filling and / or storage space (126) is formed and / or provided in the region of a wedge-shaped portion (108) formed above the gap (104; 104') between the shell surfaces of the first and second rollers (102; 102'; 103, 103'). The powder material (004; 004') can be conveyed to the filling and / or storage space by an output device (701) included in the powder conveying device (700; 700'), wherein the output device (701) has a container (751) that can be vibrated by a vibration drive device (707), the container having a bottom (753), wherein a conveying channel (756) is connected on the output side to an opening (752) provided in the bottom (753) of the container (751), through which the powder material (004; 004') can be output from the container (751) to the filling and / or storage space (126) located below it. The conveying channel (756) on the output side enters through an outlet into a filling and / or storage space (126) above the roller gap (104, 104') in a wedge (108) constructed between the shell surfaces of the first roller (102; 102') and the second roller (103; 103'). The invention also relates to a coating apparatus (100; 100*) for coating a dry film (003; 003') onto a carrier substrate (006).

Description

Coating apparatus for coating a carrier substrate with a dry film Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a coating apparatus for coating a dry film onto a carrier substrate according to claim 1. Background Technology

[0002] An apparatus and method for coating a carrier substrate are known from DE102017208220A1, wherein a dry film is formed in a gap between a first roller and a second roller, and in one embodiment, the dry film is transferred onto the carrier substrate through another roller in the gap. The rollers run at different speeds to form fibrils.

[0003] US2015 / 0224529A1 discloses an apparatus for coating an object, wherein the coating material primarily comprises 20 to 65% by volume water. A coating is formed between a first roller and a second roller, wherein the first roller has improved conveying characteristics for better output, such as having a rougher surface, and the roller is capable of operating at different speeds. Two different approaches to coating are disclosed here. In the first approach, a film consisting of powder fed through the roller gap between the first and second rollers is produced, and simultaneously, the film is coated onto a web fed through the gap. In the second approach, a film consisting of powder is first formed in the gap between the first and second rollers, the film is fed through the second roller, and the film is applied to a web formed by a further gap between the second roller and another roller.

[0004] In WO2020 / 150254A1, a film is formed by calendering a powder mixture, and the film is wound onto a roll and then fed into another process, in which the film can be laminated onto a current collector. In one embodiment, the powder mixture is applied to a belt and guided on the belt into the roll gap between two rollers.

[0005] JP5772427B2 relates to a powder rolling apparatus for producing electrode materials from powder. In one embodiment, the powder is conveyed to the central region of a storage hopper by a central vibrating feeder and to the edge regions by two external vibrating feeders. In another embodiment, the conveying hopper comprises five sections.

[0006] WO01 / 32312A1 discloses a roller mill for grinding granular materials (particularly grains), wherein the conveying device has an opening through which grains can be fed into a grinding unit formed by two rollers. The conveying device includes a vibration drive for generating vibratory motion of the conveying device.

[0007] JP5772427B2 relates to a method for producing a film by pressing powder into the gap between two rollers. Here, the powder is fed into the roller gap through a hopper constructed above it. The hopper receives the powder from a conveying opening located at the downstream end of a vibratory feeder, which in turn receives the powder from the feeding hopper. The layer thickness is adjusted or regulated by changing the vertical position of the conveying opening and, consequently, the height of the powder column above the roller gap.

[0008] CN216749956U discloses a conveying device for producing battery electrodes using a roller pressing structure. A weighing device is provided on the input side of the conveying device for adjusting the amount of raw material in the powder mixture. The material is mixed in a container, then fed into a heated container, and then conveyed from the heated container to a hopper-shaped container located above the roller wedge section via a vibrating feeder.

[0009] CN215964437U and CN113102160A relate to an apparatus for conveying high-viscosity battery slurry and a coating apparatus, wherein the slurry is first conveyed by a feed worm into a conveying hopper containing at least one vibration drive device, and then applied from the conveying hopper to a current collector foil. In one embodiment of CN215964437U, the slurry is first applied, and then guided downstream between two rollers. In another embodiment of CN215964437U and CN113102160A, the current collector foil is guided from above through the roller gap between the two rollers, and the slurry is loaded from an upper wedge portion thereon.

[0010] JPS49-32930A discloses an apparatus for uniformly dispersing and coating powder, wherein powder is fed from a hopper through a screen onto a roller with the aid of a vibrator, and then guided from the roller through a row of rollers rotating in the same direction to a roller gap, in which the guided web is coated with powder.

[0011] US2007 / 0143989A1 discloses an apparatus for manufacturing a cathode current collector, wherein a current collector substrate web is guided through a roll gap and coated with a powder layer on both sides. The powder is conveyed by a vibrating feeder to a corresponding storage space located above the roll gap on each side of the web as it exits the roll gap via a material chute. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to provide a coating apparatus for coating a dry film onto a carrier substrate.

[0013] According to the present invention, this objective is achieved by the features of claim 1.

[0014] The advantages achievable with this invention are particularly that, by means of an application unit or coating device, coated carrier substrates with a layer of active material that is as uniform and / or defect-free as possible can be produced continuously and reliably.

[0015] By using a vibrating container to deliver material to the filling and / or storage space for storing powdered material at a significantly higher filling height, it is possible to deliver the material into the film-forming gaps with no or only slight variation in width, thereby achieving the formation of a uniform layer.

[0016] In an embodiment of the application unit particularly suitable for the present invention, having a powder conveying device for conveying powdered materials, the application unit includes a first roller and a second roller forming a gap with the first roller. A filling and / or storage space is formed and / or disposed in a region above the gap, specifically a wedge-shaped or triangular space above the gap between the shell surfaces of the two rollers. This filling and / or storage space has a width extending axially along the second roller. Powdered materials can be fed directly or indirectly into the filling and / or storage space via a dispensing device included in the powder conveying device. According to the invention, the output device includes a container that can be vibrated by a vibration drive device, the container having a bottom and, for example, surrounding walls. Powdered materials can be output downstream into the filling and / or storage space through at least one opening in the bottom of the container. A conveying channel on the output side opens into the filling and / or storage space constructed in the wedge-shaped portion above the gap between the shell surfaces of the first and second rollers. The space between the rollers, described as wedge-shaped or triangular and also called the wedge portion, is a space with a generally triangular or wedge-shaped outline. This space is defined on both sides by two concave, inwardly arching lines or surfaces, i.e., the roller shell surfaces, and on top by an imaginary tangent or tangential plane to the two rollers.

[0017] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a level sensor is disposed above the bottom having an opening, especially above the opening. Preferably, the level sensor is arranged in such a way that the level of material inside the container and / or in or above the conveying channel can be monitored by the level sensor.

[0018] In the improved design, multiple openings are arranged adjacent to each other when viewed toward the roll gap, and / or a channel is connected to a single or corresponding opening, the channel having an outlet at the downstream end and / or lower end leading into the filling and / or storage space.

[0019] A particularly preferred coating apparatus for dry coating a carrier substrate with a dry film, particularly a powder composite film, includes at least one application unit according to the above embodiment, by means of which a powdered material can first be processed into a dry film by applying a pressing force, and then the dry film can be applied as a powder composite film, particularly by extrusion and / or applying a pressing force, to a first side of the carrier substrate.

[0020] Preferably, a second roller or a roller that directly cooperates with the second roller or indirectly cooperates with one or more other rollers and serves as a laminating roller forms a second roller gap in the pressing portion between its shell surface and the shell surface of the roller that serves as a pressing roller, through which the carrier substrate (006) can be guided and loaded with a dry film formed through the first roller gap.

[0021] In an advantageous embodiment, the coating apparatus includes a second application unit as described above, into which powdered material can be introduced by another powder conveying device and processed to form a second dry film. The second dry film can then be coated onto the other side, i.e., the second side, of the carrier substrate. The second application unit is further provided with a first roller and a second roller, such that the second rollers of the two application units together form a second roller gap through which the carrier substrate can be guided and simultaneously loaded on both sides through the dry film formed by the corresponding first roller gaps. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings and described in more detail below.

[0023] in:

[0024] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the product to be manufactured;

[0025] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the generation and application of the dry film;

[0026] Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product using an application stage according to an embodiment of the first set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0027] Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of the application stage of the first embodiment in Figure 3;

[0028] Figure 5 illustrates an alternative implementation scheme for the first set of embodiments;

[0029] Figure 6 illustrates another alternative implementation of the first set of embodiments;

[0030] Figure 7 illustrates another alternative implementation of the first set of embodiments;

[0031] Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the implementation scheme of the second set of embodiments;

[0032] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the second set of embodiments;

[0033] Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product using an application stage according to an embodiment of the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0034] Figure 11 shows an enlarged view of the application stage in Figure 10, which has two rollers connected in pairs according to the first design;

[0035] Figure 12 shows an enlarged view of the application stage in Figure 10 with two rollers connected in pairs according to the second design;

[0036] Figure 13 shows an illustration of the device viewed from a slightly below angle;

[0037] Figure 14 shows a perspective view of a product segment with a slight excess of primer on the side;

[0038] Figure 15 illustrates another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing multilayer products using the application stage of an embodiment according to the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0039] Figure 16 illustrates another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing multilayer products using the application stage of an embodiment according to the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0040] Figure 17 shows a schematic illustration of an application unit having a first embodiment of a device for conveying powdered material into the roller gap;

[0041] Figure 18 shows a schematic illustration of an application unit having a sensor element disposed in the descent path according to the first embodiment;

[0042] Figure 19 shows a schematic illustration of an application unit having a sensor element disposed in the falling path according to the second embodiment;

[0043] Figure 20a) shows a schematic illustration of an application unit having another advantageous embodiment of a device for conveying powdered material into the roll gap in an oblique view, and Figure 20b) shows a detailed view of Figure 20a).

[0044] Figure 21 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an application unit having another advantageous embodiment of a device for conveying powdered material into the roller gap;

[0045] Figure 22 shows an application unit, schematically shown in an oblique view, having another advantageous embodiment of the device for conveying powdered material into the roller gap;

[0046] Figure 23 shows an application unit, schematically shown in an oblique view, having another advantageous embodiment of the device for conveying powdered material into the roller gap;

[0047] Figure 24 shows, in a) a side view and in b) from above, a schematic illustration of an application unit having another advantageous embodiment of a device for conveying powdered material into the roll gap;

[0048] Figure 25 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device for determining the density of a layer of material fed onto the shell surface of a roller. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The apparatus or machine described below relates to the manufacture of electrode unit 001 of an electrochemical energy storage device, particularly as it is used in a battery or accumulator, such as a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or especially a lithium-ion battery, and a solid-state battery.

[0050] The product 001; 002 to be manufactured by the following machines can be formed, for example, from a workpiece still to be cut, such as a web-shaped intermediate product 002, such as a product strip 002 designed as an electrode strip 002, or from a single sheet-like final product 001 that has already been cut in the machine, such as a product segment 001 formed as an electrode unit 001 (abbreviated as electrode 001).

[0051] To manufacture such a product 001; 002, which has a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web 006, such as a carrier substrate web 006, for example a current conductor substrate 006 formed of, for example, a current conductor film 006, a material layer 003; 003' applied on one or both sides, particularly preferably an active material layer 003; 003' as a dry film 003; 003', now provides a method for coating with the above-mentioned material layer 003; 003', preferably a dry film 003; 003', particularly a powder composite film 003, particularly a dry coating, for example The aforementioned carrier substrate 006 apparatus 100; 100*, simply referred to as coating apparatus 100; 100*, includes at least a first application unit 101 through which powdered, preferably dry, material 004; 004', particularly preferably solvent and / or dry powder mixture 004; 004', can first be processed into a dry film 003, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force, and subsequently the dry film 003; 003' can be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate 006, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force. The dry film 003; 003' to be applied should, for example, have a thickness of 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably 40 μm to 100 μm, after application and pressing.

[0052] The aforementioned powder mixture 004, which is present in particular as a dry powder, is specifically intended for manufacturing electrode units 001 for lithium-ion battery packs or batteries, comprising, for example, more than 90% by weight of active materials, such as lithium compounds: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide, and / or lithium titanate, including some, for example, 3% by weight of lead additives, some, for example, graphite or so-called carbon nanotubes (CNTs), i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and some, for example, 2% by weight of synthetic materials that act as binders in the subsequent powder composite material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0053] The carrier substrate 006, for example, also represents the current-conducting layer of the electrode unit 001, and is made of a conductive material, such as a thin film, nonwoven fabric, or woven material, for example, formed of metal. The conductive material is formed of aluminum or copper, particularly for manufacturing the electrode unit 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators, and / or has a thickness d006 of, for example, 5 to 16 μm. In the case of manufacturing the anode, the conductive material is particularly made of copper, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 5 to 13 μm, and in the case of manufacturing the cathode, it is particularly made of aluminum, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 μm.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the carrier substrate 006 has a surface coating with a bonding aid or bonding agent 007; 007', such as an adhesive 007; 007', a primer 007; 007', or an adhesive 007; 007', at least on the surface area of ​​the dry film 003; 003' to be coated. This medium 007; 007' can be formed from a thermoplastic or reactive adhesive or primer, and for example includes a thermoplastic component and / or has a thickness d007 of only a few micrometers, for example, at most 5 μm, particularly at most 3 μm.

[0055] The thickness d003; d003' of the active material layer 003; 003' of product 001; 002 (i.e., electrode unit 001 or electrode core wire 002) is, for example, at most 240 μm, particularly at most 150 μm, preferably at most 100 μm and / or, for example, at least 20 μm, particularly at least 30 μm, preferably at least 40 μm.

[0056] For example, the total thickness of the product 001; 002 coated on both sides is, for example, at most 500 μm, particularly at most 320 μm, preferably at most 220 μm and / or at least 50 μm, particularly at least 70 μm, preferably at least 90 μm.

[0057] To ensure a highly efficient manufacturing process, the carrier material 006, preferably in the form of a strip, is preferably processed into the aforementioned final or intermediate product, having, for example, a width of at least 500 mm, particularly at least 600 mm, and in a particularly advantageous embodiment even reaching 1200 mm. Here, the carrier material 006 is not coated with a dry film 003; 003' over its entire width, but only in the exposed edge areas, where the surface of the metallic conductive carrier material 006 is exposed and remains accessible, for example, for the purpose of wiring connections.

[0058] To manufacture the dry film 003 as described above, a first roller 102, particularly a dispensing roller 102, and a second roller 103, particularly a laminating roller 103, of the first application unit 101 are arranged such that a first gap 104, particularly a first film-forming gap 104, is formed between the rollers. To form the dry film 003, a powder mixture 004, for example, conveyed by a device 700 (hereinafter referred to as the powder conveying device 700) for conveying powdered material to the pressing section, can be conveyed through the first film-forming gap (see, for example, FIG. 2). The net width of the first gap 104 at its narrowest point determines, if necessary, a thickness greater than that in subsequent products 001 and 002, of the dry film 003 even before it passes through the application site. At the application site, the dry film is applied, particularly under pressure, to the carrier substrate 006.

[0059] Here, the application area is preferably formed directly in the pressing portion of the second roller 103, which in this case acts as the laminating roller 103, and the roller 106; 103, which acts as the pressing roller 106; 103', or formed by the roller that acts as the laminating roller and cooperates directly with the second roller 103 or via one or more other rollers, and the roller 106; 103 (not shown here) that acts as the pressing roller 106; 103'. A second or additional roller used as a laminating roller 003 and a roller 106; 103 used as a pressing roller 106; 103 form a second gap 107 in the pressing portion between their shell surfaces. In particular, the gap 107 is applied, and is referred to hereinafter as a lamination gap 107, for example. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided through the lamination gap, and particularly on the side away from the pressing roller 106; 103, a dry film 003 with a thickness of, for example, at least 40 μm, such as between 50 μm and 200 μm, particularly between 60 and 120 μm, formed through a first film-forming gap 104, can be loaded.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, application stage 100; 100* includes a second application unit 101' (see, for example, Figures 3 to 13), through which a powder mixture 004', particularly solvent-free and / or dried, for example, conveyed in the pressing section by a second device 700' for conveying powdered materials (referred to as powder conveying device 700'), can first be processed, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force, into a second dry film 003'; 003, and this second dry film can then be applied to another second side of the carrier substrate 006, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force. In principle, this can be the same as or a different powder mixture 004' from the first powder mixture 004'.

[0061] Similarly, in the second application unit 101', preferably, the first roller 102', particularly the dispensing roller 102', and the second roller 103', particularly the laminating roller 103', are arranged such that the first roller and the second roller have a first gap 104', particularly a second film-forming gap 104', in the pressing portion between their shell surfaces, through which the powder mixture 004' can be conveyed to form a second dry film 003'.

[0062] Here, the second roller 003' of the second application unit 101' directly or indirectly cooperates with the second roller 003' via one or more other rollers and acts as a laminating roller (not shown here) in the pressing portion between its shell surfaces, forming a gap 107'; 107 with the roller 106'; 103 serving as the pressing roller 106'; 103, through which the substrate 006 can be guided, and particularly on the second side away from the second pressing roller 106'; 103, it can be loaded with a second dry film 003' formed through the second film-forming gap 104'; 104.

[0063] In a first set of embodiments of the coating apparatus 100 (see, for example, Figures 3 to 7), the second slit 107' is formed by a second application slit 107' different from the first application slit or lamination slit 107, such as the lamination slit 107', and a second roller 106' that acts as a pressure roller 106 and is different from the first pressure roller 106. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided through this slit and, particularly on the second side opposite to the second pressure roller 106', can be loaded with a second dry film 003' formed by the second film-forming slit 104'. In this embodiment, two independent application units 101; 101' are provided on both sides of the carrier substrate 106. Therefore, different conditions for the corresponding application process can be adjusted independently in the relevant lamination slits 107; 107'. Here, for example, different pressing forces or linear forces and / or, if necessary, temperatures can be adjusted.

[0064] For such an implementation, for example for a large wrapping degree, in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', the dispensing roller 102; 102', the laminating roller 103; 103' and the pressure roller 106; 106' that forms a lamination gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller can be arranged relative to each other in such a way that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102' of the respective adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102' intersect at an angle α, which is, for example, between 40° and 130°, particularly between 70° and 110°, and preferably between 80° and 100°. The large wrapping can enable better heat transfer and / or better, for example, vibration-free upper and lower rolls of the temperature-adjustable pressure rolls 106 and 106' when necessary (see Figures 3 to 5 for example).

[0065] Therefore, the corresponding pressing rollers 106 and 106' can be arranged, for example, below the laminating rollers 103 and 103', such that the plane connecting the rotation axes R103, R106, and R103' of the two rollers 103, 103', 106, and 106' deviates from the vertical direction by a maximum of ±30°, and more particularly by a maximum of ±15°. The pressing force and gravity in the lamination gap act primarily in the same direction.

[0066] In a second implementation variant, which is advantageous in terms of, for example, the force and direction of application, in the corresponding application units 101; 101', the dispensing roller 102; 102', the laminating roller 103; 103', and the combining roller 106; 106' forming the lamination gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller are arranged relative to each other, for example, such that the respective pairs of adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 1 The planes connecting the rotation axes R102, R103, R106, R102', and R103' of rollers 102, 103, 106' intersect at most an acute angle α, which is at most 20°, and particularly at 0°, such that the rotation axes R102, R103, R106, R102', and R103' of the three rollers 102, 103, 106' of the same application unit 101; 101' lie in the same plane. Therefore, this arrangement is very rigid because the forces and reactions point at least primarily in opposite directions to each other.

[0067] Here, two application units 101; 101' are arranged on different sides of the substrate path with their laminating rollers 103; 103', and can be arranged to overlap each other in such a way that the two lamination gaps 107; 107' are vertically overlapped in one embodiment (see, for example, FIG. 6) or horizontally offset in another embodiment, particularly by at least half and at most one and a half laminating roller diameters (see, for example, FIG. 7). With the help of FIG. 7, for example, a substrate guiding scheme adapted to other embodiments can also be indicated by dashed lines, by which a larger wrap angle can be achieved and thus better heat transfer and / or a more stable upper roller can be achieved. For this purpose, the substrate path is deflected by the attached substrate guiding element 121 in such a way that when it wraps onto the subsequent roller 106; 106', the conveying direction T... S The conveying direction T relative to the output substrate 006 S Tilt at least 45°.

[0068] In addition to the metering roller 102; 102', the second roller 103; 103', or the roller that directly or indirectly cooperates with the second roller or through one or more other rollers and acts as a laminating roller, in an advantageous improvement, an additional roller 118; 118' (see, for example, all embodiments of the first group in FIG5) is provided, which, depending on the operation, i.e., during the production process, guides the laminating roller 103; 103' and the lamination gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' in the form of a calendering roller 118; 118', and the circumferential segment between the metering gap 104; 104' and the lamination gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' can be abutted against the dry film 003; 003' that can be conveyed or guided on the laminating roller 103; 103'.

[0069] In the above-described embodiments, variations, and implementations, in the first configuration for roller support, the laminating rollers 103 and 103' of the corresponding application units 101 and 101' are fixed in position according to their rotation axes R103 and R103', but adjustable in position if necessary, and the metering rollers 102 and 102' and the pressure rollers 106 and 106' are respectively supported in an adjustable manner in a direction having at least one direction toward and / or away from the movement separation of the corresponding laminating rollers 103 and 103' by their respective adjustment drive devices 109 and 109', 111 and 111'. Herein and hereinafter, the term "adjustment drive" 109; 109'; 111; 111' refers to the entirety of structures that enable and / or allow direct or indirect adjustment of rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106', which are also referred to hereinafter as adjustment devices 109; 109'; 111; 111', and include at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' along the adjustment motion guide rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' and one or more drive mechanisms for achieving adjustment.

[0070] In order to adjust the corresponding metering rollers 102 and 102' onto the second rollers 103 and 103', the first design includes a position-based adjustment drive device 109 and 109' or an adjustment mechanism 109 and 109' for position-based adjustment, i.e., an adjustment drive device 109 and 109' or an adjustment mechanism 109 and 109', through which a defined position for the component to be adjusted can be achieved. This position-based adjustment drive device 109 and 109' can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the drive mechanism, such as a drive motor, itself occupies a defined, predetermined position, which is feasible, for example, for a position-controllable servo drive or motor; or in such a way that the adjustment path is at least toward a critical side, defined by an adjustable stop of the drive mechanism, the stop defining an end position, and the component to be adjusted in position is adjusted or can be adjusted toward the stop by, for example, a force-based or non-position-controllable drive mechanism. Here, rollers 102 and 102' are supported, for example, in or on adjusting mechanisms 112, 112', 113, and 113', which are formed by bearing mechanisms 112, 112', 113, and 113' that precisely execute the adjusting path. This is particularly advantageous for small adjusting ranges under large forces, for example, by bearings 113, 113' including eccentric wheels, such as three-ring bearings 113, 113'. For example, in adjustments parallel to the adjusting direction and therefore more direct in terms of the adjusting path, linear bearings 112, 112' extending along the adjusting direction may also be advantageous.

[0071] In order to adjust the corresponding pressure rollers 106; 106', in this first advantageous embodiment, a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' or an adjustment mechanism 111; 111' for force-based adjustment is provided, that is, the adjustment drive device 111; 111' or adjustment mechanism 111, which can be abutted against the support with a defined force by adjusting the drive device or adjustment mechanism. This force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111', especially at least on one side, can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the drive mechanism, such as the drive motor itself, can apply a defined and predetermined force, which is feasible for, for example, a torque-adjustable or controllable, especially torque-adjustable or controllable servo drive or motor, or in such a way that the adjustment force toward the critical side can be abutted toward the other roller 103; 103' by means of a pressure medium-operable drive mechanism, such as by a pneumatic or hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system, wherein the pressure of the drive mechanism is preferably adjustable. Here, the pressure rollers 106; 106' are supported, for example, in or on the adjusting mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113', which are formed by bearing mechanisms 112; 112' that adjust the force based on force, i.e., without additional mechanical restrictions on the adjustment path. Therefore, for example, on at least one side, but preferably on both sides, the bearing mechanisms 112; 112' designed as linear bearings can be advantageously formed as such bearing mechanisms.

[0072] However, in the second design, in the opposite manner, the dispensing rollers 102 and 102' can be adjusted based on force, and the pressure rollers 106 and 106' can be adjusted based on position. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding manner described above.

[0073] However, in the third design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can also be adjusted based on force. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding schemes described above.

[0074] In a particularly advantageous fifth design, a combination of adjustment mechanisms 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or a combination of adjustment drives 109; 109'; 111; 111' or a combination of adjustment mechanisms 109; 109'; 111; 111' are provided for adjusting at least the dispensing rollers 102; 102' and / or for adjusting at least the pressure rollers 106; 106', which selectively achieve position-based adjustment of the relevant rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' or force-based adjustment. Such a combination of adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' can be formed, for example, by adjustment drive devices 109; 111; 109'; 111' or adjustment mechanisms 109; 111; 109'; 111' having a force-controllable drive mechanism, such as a cylinder-piston system capable of being loaded with pressurized fluid and having adjustment drive devices 112; 112'; 113; 113', in which one or more stop mechanisms that can be positioned by the adjustment mechanism can be selectively inserted during the adjustment stroke of the adjustment drive device to define the position. Alternatively or additionally, it is advantageous for the adjustment drive devices 109; 111; 109'; 111' to include a motor, particularly a servo motor, that operates selectively in position or position controllable or torque-adjustable or torque-controllable as the drive mechanism.

[0075] In the second configuration for roller support, the pressure rollers 106 and 106' of the corresponding application units 101 and 101' are fixedly positioned, but adjustable if necessary, along with the laminating rollers 103 and 103' and their respective assigned metering rollers 102 and 102', in pairs along directions having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding pressure rollers 106 and 106', via corresponding common bearing mechanisms 112 and 112' and / or adjustment drive devices 111 and 111'. Additionally, the corresponding metering rollers 102 and 102' are adjustablely supported via bearing mechanisms 112 and 112', 113 and 113' and / or adjustment drive devices 109 and 109', 111 and 111', along directions having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the respective assigned laminating rollers 103 and 103'.

[0076] In the first advantageous design, in order to adjust the corresponding metering rollers 102; 102', a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' is provided in the manner described above, for example, a bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' formed by a three-ring bearing 113; 113' or a linear bearing 112; 112' is provided on one or both sides. In order to adjust the laminating rollers 103; 103' having their respective metering rollers 102; 102' in pairs, a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' can be provided in the manner described above.

[0077] However, in the second design, in the opposite manner, the dispensing rollers 102 and 102' can be force-adjustable, and the roller pairs 103, 102, 103', and 102 are position-adjustable. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding scheme described above.

[0078] However, in the third design, the metering rollers 102; 102' and roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 are force-adjustable, while in the fourth design, the metering rollers 102; 102' and roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 are position-adjustable. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding schemes described above.

[0079] In a particularly advantageous fifth design, in order to at least adjust the metering rollers 102; 102' and / or at least adjust the oscillating roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102, combined adjustment mechanisms 112; 113; 112, 113 are provided in the manner described above and / or in the above embodiments. These adjustment mechanisms allow the roller pairs to be adjusted based on position or force toward the pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103.

[0080] In a second set of embodiments of the application device 100* (see, for example, Figures 8 to 12, 15, 16, 21, and 22), the second roller 003' of the second application unit 101' or a roller of the second application unit 101' that directly or indirectly cooperates with the second roller 103' via one or more other rollers forms a common gap 107 in the pressing portion between the shell surfaces of the second or other rollers 103 of the first application unit 101 that act as a laminating roller 103. The two laminating rollers 103' that form the gap 107 between each other act as pressing rollers 103'; 103. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided through the laminating rollers and, particularly on both sides, can be applied as dry films 003', 003' formed via the first and second film-forming gaps 104; 104', respectively. This arrangement of two application units 101; 101' that cooperate to apply simultaneously on both sides is also referred to below as dual application units 101; 101'.

[0081] Here, in the respective application units 101; 101', the planes formed by the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering rollers 102; 102' and the laminating rollers 103; 103' intersect at most an acute angle α, which is, for example, a maximum of 20°, advantageously a maximum of 5°, and particularly 0°, such that, in the case of 0°, the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the rollers 102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the application units 101; 101' that cooperate in the lamination gaps 107 on both sides are located in the same plane or are parallel to each other but vertically staggered.

[0082] In the first embodiment, the two planes extend in a common horizontal plane or horizontally, but are offset from each other vertically (see, for example, Figure 8).

[0083] In a second embodiment, which is advantageous for small wrapping, for example, the two planes extend in a common plane inclined to the horizontal plane, or in two planes inclined to the horizontal plane but offset from each other vertically. Here, the common plane or the two offset planes are inclined to the horizontal plane at an acute angle β of, for example, 2° to 15°, especially 3° to 10° (see, for example, Figure 9).

[0084] In addition to the corresponding metering rollers 102; 102' and the second roller 103; 103', in an advantageous improvement, additional rollers 118; 118' of the type of calendering rollers 118; 118' can also be provided here (see, for example, all embodiments of the second group shown in dashed lines in Figures 8 and 9).

[0085] In the above-described variations and implementations, in the first configuration for roller support, the first laminating roller of the two laminating rollers 103 or the other roller of the first application unit of the two application units 101 that acts as a laminating roller can be fixedly supported by its axis of rotation R103 according to the operating position, but can also be adjusted if necessary. The second laminating roller of the laminating roller 103' or the other roller that acts as a second laminating roller is connected to the corresponding metering roller 102; 102' via a shared bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a shared adjustment drive mechanism. The rollers 109; 109'; 111; 111' are paired along a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding pressing rollers 106; 106', and additionally, the corresponding metering rollers 102; 102' are adjustablely supported via bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or adjusting drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' along a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the correspondingly assigned laminating rollers 103; 103' or other rollers. In the case where there are one or more additional rollers between the metering rollers 102; 102' and the rollers used as laminating rollers, these are also adjustable together via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common adjusting drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111' along a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding pressing rollers 106; 106'.

[0086] In the first advantageous design, for adjusting the corresponding metering rollers 102 and 102', a position-based adjustment drive device 109 and 109' is provided in accordance with the above-described manner and / or in the above-described design. For the second layer pressure roller 103' to be adjusted in pairs with the corresponding metering roller 102', a force-based adjustment drive device 111 and 111' can be provided in accordance with the above-described manner and / or in the above-described design for force-based adjustment.

[0087] However, in the second design, in the opposite manner, the metering rollers 102 and 102' can be adjusted based on force, while the roller pairs 103, 102, 103', and 102 can be adjusted based on position. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding scheme described above.

[0088] However, in the third design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on position. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding schemes described above.

[0089] In a particularly advantageous fifth design, in order to adjust at least the metering rollers 102; 102' and / or at least the oscillating roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 in the manner described above and / or in the design described above, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' is provided. This combined adjustment mechanism selectively achieves position-based adjustment of the roller pairs toward the laminating rollers 103'; 103, which act as pressure rollers 103'; 103, by means of position-based adjustment drive devices 109; 109', and force-based adjustment by means of force-based adjustment drive devices 111; 111'.

[0090] For all embodiments of the two sets of examples having jointly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these rollers can be supported on both sides in carriers 122'; 122, particularly in the side components of the base frame, which themselves are supported in the frame accommodating the application unit 101; 101' by bearing mechanisms 112'; 112 formed by linear bearings 112'; 112.

[0091] Alternatively, two jointly adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102; 102' can be supported on both sides in the carrier, particularly in the side components of the base frame, and the carrier itself can be pivotally supported about the pivot axis of the first layer roller 103; 103' which is fixedly supported in position (see, for example, Figure 12).

[0092] As already mentioned, in the corresponding application units 101; 101', at least one additional roller, which serves as a laminating roller and forms a lamination gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller 106; 103', can be provided between the second roller 103; 103' and the pressing part with the pressing roller 106; 103'.

[0093] In all embodiments of both sets of examples, in a particularly advantageous improvement, the material removal member 127; 127' in the corresponding application unit 101; 101' is provided with a removal device 114; 114', particularly a cleaning blade 114; 114', that can selectively abut and move away from the shell surface of the first roller 102; 102' for cleaning purposes. This removal device, for example, covers at least the width of the roller shell surface that is effective for film formation.

[0094] Alternatively or advantageously additionally, the material removal unit 127; 127', when viewed parallel to the axis of the second roller 103; 103' in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', includes, spaced apart from each other, two axis-parallel adjustable removal devices 116; 116', particularly side-edge scrapers 116; 116', which remove the dry film 003; 003' conveyed by the second roller 103; 103' in the area of ​​its side edges, and can be discharged, for example, into the collection device 117; 117'. This removal is used, for example, as so-called edge trimming to obtain straight edges and / or a desired width b003; b003' of the dry film 003; 003'. The collected amount can be returned, for example, to the conveying section of the powder mixture 004; 004'. This removal device 116; 116' can also be used to remove edge strips 008; 008', which are used, for example, to determine the density of material layer 003; 003', as described below, for example, in conjunction with FIG25.

[0095] For cleaning purposes, a removal device 129; 129' that can be attached to and removed from the shell surface of the second roller 103; 103' can be advantageously provided, particularly a cleaning scraper 129; 129'. The removal device, for example, covers at least the width of the roller shell surface that is effective for film formation, and, if necessary, a suction section or collection device (not shown) can be provided.

[0096] In order to convey or introduce the powder mixture 004; 004' into the first slit 004; 004, in a particularly advantageous improvement, in the application unit 101; 101', above the first slit 104; 104', there are, for example, two boundaries 124, particularly side plates 124, that are spaced apart from each other parallel to the axis of the first roller 102; 102' and are adjustable, for example, in the direction parallel to the axis. These boundaries respectively seal the area of ​​the upper wedge-shaped portion formed between the shell surfaces of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', i.e., the wedge-shaped or triangular space 108 above the slit 104; 104' between the shell surfaces, toward the two end faces of the application unit 101; 101', and thereby form a filling and / or storage space 126 therebetween, preferably of variable width, for accommodating the powder mixture 004; 004'. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003; 003', the filling and / or storage space 126 can thus be varied and / or changeable in terms of the position of its lateral boundary 124 on at least one side, preferably on both sides. The aforementioned wedge-shaped or wedge-shaped or triangular space 108 between the two rollers 102; 103 has a concave side face facing the shell surface and ends with a sectional facet connecting the shell surfaces of the two rollers. As an alternative to the filling and / or storage space 126 directly defined by the shell surface in the lower region, at least in principle, without contradicting other design features of the application unit 101; 101' or powder conveying device 700; 700', a filling and / or storage space 126 in the form of a filling or storage funnel may also be provided. For example, similar to the introduction aid mentioned below, directly in or above the wedge 108.

[0097] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs, the bearing mechanisms 112, 112', 113, 113' and / or adjusting drive devices 109, 109', 111, 111' of the first rollers 102 and 102' are preferably designed such that the gap width of the first gap 104 and 104' is adjusted according to operating conditions to a variable net width at the narrowest point, which is at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, and particularly at least 50 μm, and / or the gap width of the first gap 104 and 104' is adjustable at least by the aforementioned position-based drive mechanism and / or by a stop mechanism 119 that defines the abutment position on at least one side, in the direction toward the pressing part, and is adjustable in its position. Alternatively or additionally, the bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjusting drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' are advantageously designed to adjust and / or apply, for example, a linear force between the rollers 102; 102'; 102; 103' that form the first slits 104; 104', at least in the region of their width that facilitates film formation, within the first slits 104; 104'.

[0098] As described above, in order to shift the dispensing rollers 102 and 102' toward the second rollers 103 and 103', a combined adjustment mechanism 112, 113, 112, 113 can be provided. The combined adjustment mechanism selectively achieves position-based adjustment by means of a position-based adjustment drive 109 and 109', and force-based adjustment by means of a force-based adjustment drive 111 and 111'.

[0099] Regardless of all the above-described embodiments, variations, configurations, implementations, or designs, and regardless of the above-described embodiments of the coating apparatus 100; 100* having a separate application unit 101; 101' with corresponding pressure rollers 106; 106' or an application unit 101; 101' with a combination of interacting pressure rollers 103'; 103, in a particularly advantageous design, the dispensing gap 10 between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' is... 4; 104' can be adjusted based on the position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' as described above, i.e., a constant and / or defined gap width can be adjusted, and / or the lamination gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 can be adjusted based on the force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' as described above, i.e., a constant and / or defined contact force or linear force can be adjusted. Without limiting the embodiments defined above, either of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved at the relevant gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' can, in principle, be adjusted and / or supported on the corresponding adjustment mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' as described above by the corresponding adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111'. This also applies to one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' being adjustablely supported together with the other roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' not involved in the gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' in an adjustable manner.

[0100] Similarly, regardless of the above-described embodiments of the coating apparatus 100; 100* having a separate application unit 101; 101' with corresponding pressure rollers 106; 106 or an application unit 101; 101' having a combination of application units 101; 101' with interacting pressure rollers 103'; 103, in an embodiment particularly advantageous for optimal adjustability, the dispensing gaps 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' and / or the lamination gaps 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the cooperating pressure rollers 106; 106; 103'; 103, for example, are not... Based solely on position or force, and also on the combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', selectively position- or force-adjustable designed, and / or involving one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' in the combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113, selectively position- or force-adjustable supported, and / or the associated gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be selectively adjusted to a constant and / or defined gap width or a constant and / or defined abutment force or linear force. It can also be construed here as limiting the embodiments defined above, in principle, any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involving the relevant gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' is adjusted and / or correspondingly supported on the adjustment mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the corresponding combination as described above by the corresponding combination of adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' in this manner. This also applies to one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involving the relevant gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' being adjustablely supported together with the other roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' not involving the gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' in this manner.

[0101] Here, the first rollers 102; 102' are adjustablely supported by bearing mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or by position- or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103'. Additionally or alternatively, the pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 are adjustablely supported by bearing mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or by position- or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the second or an additional roller 103; 103' located therebetween.

[0102] Alternatively, the first roller 103; 103' and the corresponding second roller 102; 102' are movably supported in pairs in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding pressure roller 106; 106' via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or a common adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force. Additionally, the corresponding first roller 102; 102' is adjustablely supported in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103' via the bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or the adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force.

[0103] For all the above implementation schemes, variations, constructions, implementation methods or designs, the first roller 102; 102' and the second rollers 103, 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' with the first roller are driven or driven independently of each other by different drive motors, especially at least speed-adjustable or controllable servo motors.

[0104] Here, the first roller 102; 102' operates at a lower speed, wherein the first roller 102; 102', particularly the metering roller 102; 102', and the corresponding second roller 103; 103', particularly the laminating roller 103; 103', can be operated or can be operated according to the operating conditions, for example, at the ratio of the circumferential speeds of the first roller and the second roller 102, 102'; 103; 103', V102(102'):V103(103'), which is in the range of 1:5 to 3:5, particularly 1:4.

[0105] Rollers 103, 106, 103, and 103' that form a second gap 107; 107' with each other are preferably driven or can be driven independently of each other mechanically at the same circumferential speed by a shared drive motor, particularly a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors, particularly servo motors, depending on the operating conditions.

[0106] In an advantageous implementation, a mechanically independent drive motor can be operated by a drive controller via an electronic, in particular virtual, control panel.

[0107] One improvement is particularly advantageous, wherein the first roller 102; 102' has a surface that is more repellent to the material and / or has a less favorable adhesion effect in its shell surface region that facilitates film formation, compared to the second roller 103; 103' in its shell surface region that facilitates film formation.

[0108] At least the second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' may have polished and / or chrome-plated or ceramic-coated surfaces, at least in their shell-side regions that facilitate film formation. The first rollers 102; 102' may have surfaces with structured or repellent materials, at least in their side regions that facilitate film formation.

[0109] For all the above embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations or designs, the first and / or second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be heated, in particular in such a way that their shell surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, and preferably to at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0110] Alternatively or preferably additionally, the rollers 106 and 106' that serve only as pressure rollers 106, 106', 103, and 103 in the first set of embodiments can also be heated, in particular in such a way that their shell surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C at an ambient temperature of 25°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, and preferably to at least 120°C.

[0111] Temperature regulation or heating can in principle be achieved electrically, but in an advantageous embodiment, it is achieved by allowing the temperature-regulating or heating fluid to flow through the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature-regulated. Here, the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature-regulated allow the temperature-regulating fluid, such as correspondingly temperature-regulated water, to be introduced into or drawn from the respective rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' via temperature-regulating pipes and, for example, by rotational guides.

[0112] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs, the two application units 101; 101', together with one or more substrate guide elements 121 arranged directly in front, behind, or between, if necessary, are supported in a common frame 128, for example, on the sidewalls of two end sides of the same frame. This allows for a compact and / or rigid and / or mutually defined arrangement of the application units 101; 101' in lamination units 100; 100* designed as assemblies 100; 100*, such as lamination assemblies 100; 100*.

[0113] If a calendering unit 600; 600* is provided directly downstream in the substrate path, as described below, the rolls 601; 601'; 602; 602* surrounded by the calendering unit 600; 600* may, in an improved embodiment, be supported in the frame 603 or, in an advantageous variant, as a separate assembly 600; 600*, such as the calendering unit 600; 600*, supported in the sidewall of a separate frame 603 directly arranged on and / or above the frame 128 bearing the application unit 101; 101'.

[0114] In an advantageous embodiment of the machine, such as that shown in Figure 15, the machine is constructed to be longer if necessary, but in which the risk of vibration transmission, for example, exists between units 100; 100*; 600; 600*, and in particular at least the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600; 600*, is reduced, with the laminating assembly 100; 100* and the calendering assembly 600 arranged horizontally side by side, preferably completely in separate, for example vibration-technically separated, racks 128; 603.

[0115] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, configurations, implementations, or designs, the bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' of the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' that at least constitute the second gap 107; 107' and the adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' are preferably designed to: form a gap width of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, and particularly at least 50 μm at the narrowest point, depending on the operating conditions, and / or particularly at least within the boundaries defined by the maximum adjustment path, forming a gap between the two rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' via the product strip 002; 002' to be formed and / or via at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 113'. The slit width is adjusted by adjusting the pressing force or linear force caused by at least one of the adjusting drive devices 109 and 109', and / or in the second slits 107 and 107', at least in the area that contributes to film formation and / or film application, the linear force is adjusted and / or applied between the rollers 103, 103', 106, and 106' that form the second slits 107 and 107', for example, at least 5 kN / cm, advantageously at least 7 kN / cm, preferably between 5 kN / cm and 30 kN / cm, and / or the desired linear force can be kept constant even if the dry film thickness fluctuates, which is achieved, for example, by autonomous or regulated tracking of at least one of the two rollers 103, 106, 103, and 103'.

[0116] In all the above designs, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs, in a particularly advantageous improvement, a suction section 123 is provided above one or more application units 101; 101', through which the escaped gas or generated vapor can be suctioned out if necessary.

[0117] The rollers 102, 102', 103, 103', 106, and 106' of the aforementioned application units 101 and 101' are preferably designed to have a width in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, particularly 500 mm to 700 mm, that can be used for film formation and / or application.

[0118] Although in principle any design of device 700; 700' for conveying powdered material can be provided, by which powder mixture 004 can be conveyed to application unit 101; 101' into first gap 104; 104' formed between first and second rollers, a conveying device 700; 700' is particularly preferred, by which a defined and / or controllable flow of powder mixture 004 can be uniformly conveyed across the entire output width, either directly or indirectly, to gap 104; 104' via an introduction auxiliary device 711 (e.g., in the form of a hopper trough 711) disposed above roller gap 104; 104'. For this purpose, particularly advantageous embodiments of the device 700; 700' for conveying powdered material are provided below in various aspects, which can be provided alone or advantageously used in combination with any embodiment or design of the application unit 101; 101' and / or coating device 100; 100* and / or machine configuration shown. Here, the device 700; 700' for conveying powdered material shown in the figure for the design of the application unit 101; 101' and / or coating device 100; 100* and / or machine configuration is only schematically understood and can be formed by one of the following embodiments.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment, the device 700; 700' for conveying powdered material may have at least one output device 701 capable of monitoring and / or limiting the output quantity, for example, designed as a dispensing device 701, or including at least one dispensing mechanism 704; 721. The output device 701, designed as a dispensing device 701 or including a dispensing mechanism 704; 721, can, in principle, be designed arbitrarily in various ways to output a controlled flow of material 004; 004' in the manner described above. In a preferred embodiment, the flow of powdered material 004; 004' can be output via the output device 701 to a downstream connected feeding device 702, for example, a linear feeder 702 preferably designed as a feed belt 702. Through the feeding device 702, the powdered material 004; 004' is, for example, transverse to the feeding direction T. P The extended output width allows for downstream conveying in the form of a powder bed or powder layer, and it can preferably be grounded directly or as needed on the output side, for example, via one or more other feeding devices transverse to the feeding direction T. PThe feed is directly conveyed across the extended conveyor width to the pressing section 104; 104' or, if necessary, the introduction auxiliary device 711 directly conveys the feed to the roller gap. The feeding device 702, particularly the roller 705 wound around the feed belt 702, such as the guide roller 705, and especially the drive roller 705, is preferably variable in terms of feeding speed and can be driven, for example, by a speed-variable drive mechanism 712, such as a drive motor 712, particularly a servo motor 712. For ease of conveying, the surface of the feeding device 702 designed for the feed belt 702 is preferably rough and / or can be rough in the feeding direction T. P The conveying width has a downward slope. Here, the conveying width corresponds precisely or at least approximately, i.e., with a maximum deviation of ±10%, to the storage width of the filling and / or storage space 126 of the material 004; 004' which is defined in width on both sides and receives material 004; 004' directly or, if necessary, above the inlet auxiliary device.

[0120] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, for example, concerning the process of precisely and / or uniformly introducing powder into the feeding section of a powder conveying device 700; 700', the powder conveying device 700; 700' includes an output device 701; 701' in the form of a metering device 701; 701', which includes a linear feeder 704 as a metering mechanism 704, particularly related to the feeding speed. This metering device is preferably designed as, in particular, an electromagnetically operated or operable vibratory feeder 704, and through this output device, powdered material 004, 004' can be metered out to a downstream following feeding device 702, such as a linear feeder 702, particularly a downstream following feed belt 702. The process of conveying or transferring to the feed belt 702 is not performed only in a point-like manner at defined locations, but rather in segments or continuously over an output width. This output width, at least in the operating position, preferably precisely or at least approximately, i.e., with a maximum deviation of ±10%, corresponds to the final conveying width associated with the conveying to the pressing sections 104, 104'. Preferably, for example, to accommodate different product specifications or for calibration purposes, the output width for outputting material 004; 004' is transverse to the feeding direction T via the dispensing device 701 or the transfer to the feed belt 704. P The width and / or lateral position can be adjusted, for example, manually or advantageously remotely via a drive mechanism. Additionally, for example, on the vibration table 706, a drive mechanism is provided that allows adjustment, either manually or in a further automated configuration, via a drive mechanism, laterally to the feed direction T. P The lateral boundary 717 is movable, for example, a side guide plate 717. Therefore, no significant changes are needed in terms of flow width on the subsequent conveying device 702, which would otherwise have a disruptive effect on the height profile extending in width.

[0121] In a favorable improvement, the feeding width on the feed belt can also be adjusted, for example, in width and / or lateral position, for the reasons described above. For this purpose, for example, a drive mechanism can be provided that allows adjustment laterally to the feeding direction T, either manually or, in a further automated solution, remotely. P The lateral boundaries 716, such as lateral guides 716, are movable and can be changed in lateral position by means of corresponding mechanisms, such as corresponding threaded spindles or threaded spindle segments. The output width, at least in the operating position, preferably precisely or at least approximately, for example, with a maximum deviation of ±5%, corresponds to the desired conveying width associated with the final conveying of the feed roller gaps 104; 104'. The output and feed widths can be adjusted in width mechanically independently of each other, mechanically coupled, or coupled by control technology.

[0122] The output device 701 or at least one dispensing mechanism 704, 721 designed or used as the dispensing device 701 is preferably finely adjustable in terms of powder flow, so that within a certain range of output rate related to width, a constant and / or particularly a maximum 3% or, particularly a maximum 2% deviation from the rated output quantity can be output to a feeding device 702, particularly a feeding belt 702, or downstream thereof, which is capable of operating at a constant and / or controlled speed.

[0123] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, such as that shown in Figure 17, for example, regarding the defined and / or balanced conveying in at least a first portion of the feeding section of the powder conveying device 700; 700', a linear feeder 704 (particularly designed as a vibratory feeder 704), preferably electromagnetic, is provided as the first or only dispensing mechanism 704. This feeder extends along the width of the rollers 102, 103; 102'; 103', for example, in the output width, which preferably corresponds precisely or at least approximately, i.e., with a maximum deviation of ±5%, to the final conveying width required for the process of feeding into the pressing section 104; 104'. The output width is preferably adjustable. Above the vibratory feeder 704, a supply device 703 is provided, for example, a supply line 703 or, as shown in Figure 17, an outlet of a storage container 703 through which powdered material can be output to the linear feeder 704. The supply device 703, designed as a storage container 703, can be designed, for example, at least in the lower part of a hopper-shaped container, which is designed, for example, in the form of a storage hopper 703, and can be filled, for example, manually or via a piping system. Advantageously, the supply device can include a fluidizing device, such as a device for blowing in a gaseous medium, particularly air. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the dispensing device 701 includes a vibratory feeder 704 and a supply device 703 that at least partially contains material 004; 004', and can be formed as a dispensing device 701, referred to herein as, for example, a vibration-driven device, or simply a dispensing vibrator 701, and can be, for example, a structural component and a readily available unit that can be replenished from the storage container, for example, manually or via a delivery pipeline.

[0124] The vibratory feeder 704 includes, for example, a vibration table 706 and a drive mechanism 707 for driving the vibration table, particularly a vibration or vibration drive device 707 that drives the vibration table, especially by electromagnetic excitation, wherein "vibration or vibration drive device 707" is understood synonymously as a drive device 707 that drives the vibration or vibration device. Here, the vibration or vibration drive device 707 or the controller that controls the vibration drive device 707 is preferably variable in terms of vibration frequency and / or amplitude, and / or the vibration table 706 in its feeding direction T P The tilt angle can be adjusted manually or by means of the drive mechanism 715, such as the adjustment drive device 715.

[0125] In addition to the metering mechanism 704 comprised of the vibratory feeder 704 described above, a metering mechanism 721 may also be provided to modify the output flow at the outlet and, consequently, the feed flow to the feeding device 702, for example, with regard to the particularly well-defined input flow and / or for pre-metering. Such a metering device can be provided, for example, by an adjustment mechanism 721, which is only schematically shown in FIG17. By means of this adjustment mechanism, a corresponding drive mechanism 722, such as one or more servo motors 722; 722.x, combined with the metering mechanism 721 related to the feed level height to the feeding device 702, can, for example, change the distance between the outlet and the upper side of the linear feeder 704, and / or combined with the metering mechanism 721 related to the output flow at the outlet, can, for example, change the free flow cross-sectional area from or into the supply device 703.

[0126] As a dispensing mechanism 721 associated with the output flow at the outlet, a controllable regulating mechanism 721 may be provided for dispensing or arranging the outlet of the supply device 703 before the outlet. This regulating mechanism changes the outlet cross-sectional area via one or more corresponding drive mechanisms 722; 722.x, such as one or more servo motors 722; 722.x. Such a regulating mechanism may be, as shown only by example and symbol in FIG. 17, a baffle 723 or slider 723 spanning the outlet width and operated by the drive mechanism 722, or via multiple regulating elements 723.x arranged side by side on the outlet width and independently adjustable by multiple drive mechanisms 722.x, such as baffle or slider segments 723.x (see, for example, FIG. 18 and FIG. 19). In the case of multiple regulating elements 723.x adjustable by drive mechanisms 722.x, the flow cross-sectional area or output flow over the entire outlet width may be changed and / or individually corrected, for example.

[0127] As an additional or alternative measure, a dispensing mechanism 721 related to the feeding level of the feeding device 702 may be provided, which may include one or more associated drive mechanisms 722; 722.x, such as one or more servo motors 722, which change the distance between the outlet of the supply device 703 and the upper side of the linear feeder 704 via a corresponding adjustment mechanism 723, such as a transmission device, in particular raising or lowering the supply device 703 or the portion containing the outlet.

[0128] In principle, regardless of the embodiment of the output device 701 having a dispensing mechanism 704 designed as a vibratory feeder 704 and regardless of the presence of the other dispensing mechanism 721 and its embodiment described above, but preferably in conjunction with the dispensing mechanism 704 designed as a vibratory feeder 704 and / or, for example, at least one of the other dispensing mechanisms described above 721, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the powder conveying device 700; 700', for example related to a uniform material flow, the powder is conveyed by the linear feeder 702 arranged after the output device 701 along the feeding direction T. P Between the section where material is fed to the linear feeder 702 and the output section of the roller gap 104; 104' or, if necessary, the introduction auxiliary device 711 or other downstream feeding device, a removal device 708 is provided that extends horizontally at least in the output width and has an adjustable spacing from the upper side of the linear feeder 704.

[0129] With the aid of this removal device 708, assuming that the bottom side of the removal device 708 is parallel to the upper side of the linear feeder 704 at least along its effective length, a desired and uniform layer height of the material 004; 004' to be fed on the linear feeder 702 or feed belt 702 over the entire output width can be determined or demonstrated. As long as the material 004; 004' is coated upstream of the removal device 708 with a thickness equivalent to the distance between the removal device 708 and the upper side of the linear feeder 704 over the entire feed width, it is ensured that downstream of the removal device 708, the material flow has a uniform layer thickness of powdery material 004; 004' defined by the position of the removal device 708.

[0130] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the removal device 708 is preferably designed to be movable along the feeding direction T. P A laterally oscillating removal scraper 708 performs an oscillating or oscillating reciprocating motion during operation. For this purpose, the removal scraper 708 is supported, for example, axially movable, and driven in an oscillating or oscillating manner by a drive mechanism 709, such as a drive motor 709. The drive motor 709 can be designed directly as a linear motor or as a rotary motor driving the removal scraper 708 via an oscillating transmission. In an advantageous improvement, the removal device 708 can be adjusted, for example, by a drive mechanism 719 (shown only schematically in FIG. 17), in terms of its distance from the conveying device 702, for example, under remote operation via signal connection S6.

[0131] In an alternative embodiment, the removal device 708 may be provided with a component on its bottom side facing against the feeding direction T. PRotating or rotatable rollers, particularly so-called rolling blades. In an improved embodiment, the rolling blade can also oscillate via a corresponding drive mechanism and bearings as described above.

[0132] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the powder conveying device 700; 700', which applies, for example, to all embodiments, configurations, and variations of the powder conveying device 700; 700' described herein, at least one sensor element with a sensor 713; 714 that preferably operates non-contactly provides, for example, information about the vertical position of the powder layer surface and / or, for example, based on non-contact measurement principles, such as the use of sound waves or electromagnetic radiation, and / or connected via signal connections S1; S3 to a control and / or regulating device 724, particularly together with regulating logic or electronic regulating circuitry contained in the control and / or regulating device 724, and together with drive mechanisms 712, 722, 707 assigned to the dispensing or feeding devices 702, 704, 721 for changing the output or feeding rate, forming regulating loops R11, R14, R15, R17, R34, R35, R37 via corresponding signal connections S2, S4, S5, S7.

[0133] In particularly advantageous embodiments applicable to all the embodiments, configurations and variations described herein for powder conveying devices 700, 700', a sensor element, particularly a level sensor element, is provided as a sensor element providing information about the height of the powder layer. A sensor 713, simply referred to as level sensor 713, provides information about the level of the powder in the roll gap 104; 104' or in the introduction auxiliary device 711. This sensor enters, in particular, from above, into the wedge 108 of the roll gap 104; 104', or, if necessary, into the interior of the introduction auxiliary device 711 located above the roll gap 104; 104', pointing towards the powder layer, particularly the surface of the powder layer, and thereby providing information corresponding to the level of the powder in the roll gap 104; 104 or the introduction auxiliary device 711 at least at the considered location.

[0134] Advantageously configured regulating loops R11; R14; R15; R17 include the aforementioned level sensor element, which has a sensor 713 for detecting the level of powdered material 004; 004' in the roller gap 104; 104 or the introduction auxiliary device 711. In such regulating loops R1; R1', for example, the sensor 713, which provides level information in the roller gap 104; 104' or the introduction auxiliary device 711, is connected via signal technology to the regulating logic or regulating circuit included in the aforementioned control and / or regulating device 724. This regulating logic or regulating circuit is in turn connected via signal connections S2; S4; S5; S7 to the control mechanism of one or more drive mechanisms 712; 722; 715; 707 of one or more of the aforementioned conveying and / or dispensing devices 702; 704; 721 for changing the feeding and / or output or feed rate of the powdered material 004, 004'.

[0135] In embodiments particularly advantageous during machine speed transitions, such as the start-up phase, an adjustment loop R12 related to the feeding speed of the feeding device 702 is provided. In this adjustment loop, a level sensor is signal-connected to the drive mechanism 712 driving the feeding device 702, such as the output device 701 driving the feed belt 702, via a control and / or adjustment device 724 or an adjustment logic or circuit included therein and correspondingly configured, thereby forming the adjustment loop R12 related to the feeding rate. For this purpose, the feeding speed is adjusted by the corresponding drive mechanism 712, for example, according to the level; for example, if the level is below a defined lower limit, the feeding speed increases, and if the level is above a defined upper limit, the feeding speed decreases.

[0136] Instead of control based on material level changes, or an addition to this scheme, the drive of the feeding device 702 can be based on a control scheme that associates a stored relationship with a variable V representing machine speed. This control scheme allows the feeding device 702 to, for example, operate faster as machine speed increases and slower as machine speed decreases. This control scheme can be based on the aforementioned material level-related control.

[0137] As an alternative or supplement to the aforementioned regulating loop R12 related to the control of the feeding rate and / or machine speed based on the feeding device 702, in an advantageous embodiment, regulating loops R15; R14; R17 related to the output device 701, particularly related to the output rate of the output device 701 to the feeding device 702, may be provided. In these regulating loops, the level sensor element is connected via the control and / or regulating device 724 or a regulating logic element or regulating circuit included in and correspondingly configured by the control and / or regulating device to one or more of the components controlled by the output device 701 for dispensing purposes. The included drive mechanisms 722; 722.x; 707; 715 maintain signal connections S4; S5; S7, for example, in the adjustment circuit R15 associated with the output device 701, they maintain signal connections with drive mechanisms 722; 722.x located upstream of the outlet or assigned to the actuation mechanism 721, and / or in another adjustment circuit R14 associated with the output device 701, they maintain signal connections with the vibration drive device 707, and / or in another adjustment circuit R117 associated with the output device 701, they maintain signal connections with the adjustment drive device 715 for table tilting. Adjustment circuits R15; R14; R17 can be provided individually, in pairs, or all at once. In the case of multiple such adjustment circuits R15, R14, R17, it is preferable to provide cascading or prioritization of various control algorithms.

[0138] The adjustment of the level sensor-based adjustment circuits R15, R14, R17 or R15, R14, R17 related to the output rate of the output device 701 to the feeding device 702 by the corresponding drive mechanisms 722, 722.x, 707, 715 is performed, for example, in a level-based manner, such as increasing the output rate when the level is below a defined lower limit and decreasing the output rate when the level is above a defined upper limit.

[0139] The alternative output rate is based on changes in material level, or preferably added to this scheme. The dispensing via the dispensing device 701 can be based on a control scheme associated with a variable V representing machine speed. Using this control scheme, for example, when the machine speed increases, the output device 701 or one or more dispensing mechanisms 704, 721 included therein increases the output rate of the output device 701 or one or more dispensing mechanisms included therein by correspondingly manipulating one or more drive mechanisms 722, 722.x, 707, 715; when the machine speed decreases, the output rate decreases. This control scheme can be associated with the aforementioned machine speed-related control scheme of the feeding device 702, and / or based on the aforementioned material level-related adjustment scheme of the output device 701.

[0140] In an improved embodiment including the removal device 708, the input rate can also be changed, for example, by pre-adjustment: manually or remotely via signal connection S6, or, if necessary, by the adjustment loop (R16) of the spacing of the removal device 708 (not explicitly shown here) via the corresponding drive mechanism 719.

[0141] In principle, independent of the aforementioned level sensors and / or one or more of the aforementioned level-based regulating loops R12; R14; R15; R17 (R16), but advantageously in conjunction with them, for example in embodiments particularly including a linear feeder 702, a sensor element for providing vertical horizontal height information of the powder layer surface on the feeding device 702, simply referred to as a layer level sensor element, is provided as an alternative or additional sensor for providing information on the vertical position of the powder layer surface. This sensor element preferably includes a non-contact sensor 714 for providing layer height or at least measuring the horizontal height of the powder layer surface on the feeding device 702, such as a level sensor 714, which, for example as an optical or ultrasonic sensor, points from one side toward the outline of the powder layer and at least provides information on the powder layer's position transverse to the feeding direction T. P The information pertains to the vertical position of at least one highest protrusion on the feed width. When the feed device 702 is in a stable vertical position according to operating conditions, the horizontal height of the powder layer surface represents the final powder layer thickness.

[0142] In a simple case, sensor 714 may monitor only whether the highest protrusion exceeds or falls below a certain height, and use the result for, for example, adjustment purposes. For instance, a single-beam barrier or a linear ultrasonic sensor can be used to monitor whether a certain height exceeds or falls below a certain height. In more complex embodiments, but where more information is needed, the sensor may also provide information about the current vertical position of the highest protrusion across the feed belt width, at least within a certain range. Here, for example, a sensor extending vertically at a certain height can be used; for example, a grating or ultrasonic sensor with vertical resolution can be used.

[0143] In principle, independent of the aforementioned one or more level-based adjustment loops R12, R15, R14, or R17 and / or the aforementioned speed-based control schemes, but advantageously in conjunction with them, in an advantageous embodiment of the apparatus including the removal device 708, adjustment loops R35, R34, and R37 are provided, for example, which include the aforementioned layer level height sensor element having the aforementioned layer level height sensor 714. In such adjustment loops R35, R34, and R37, the layer level height sensor is signal-technically connected to the adjustment logic or adjustment circuit included by the aforementioned control and / or adjustment device 724, which in turn is signal-technically connected to the control device of one or more drive devices 707, 722, and 715 of the aforementioned one or more dispensing mechanisms 704. The adjustment of the dispensing device 701 in terms of output rate or by the dispensing mechanisms 704 and 721 included therein by the corresponding drive devices 707, 722, and 715 is, for example, based on the material level, i.e., according to information provided by the layer level sensor, for example, in the following manner: when, for example, the output rate delivered by the dispensing device 701 or applied to the conveying device 702 is below the defined lower limit or rated value of the surface material level by an allowable tolerance, the output rate delivered by the dispensing device 701 or applied to the conveying device 702 is increased by at least one adjustment loop R35; R34; R37 including the level sensor 714; and when, for example, the output rate exceeds the defined upper limit or rated value by an allowable tolerance, the output rate delivered by the dispensing device 701 or applied to the conveying device 702 is decreased by at least one adjustment loop R35; R34; R37 including the level sensor 714.

[0144] As an alternative to or supplement to the aforementioned control scheme based on machine speed for the feed rate-related adjustment loop R12 and / or the feed device 702, and / or the adjustment loops R15, R14, R17 related to the output rate of the output device 701 to the feed device 702 according to the material level, in an advantageous embodiment, adjustment loops R35, R34, R37 related to the output device 701, especially to the output rate of the output device 701 to the feed device 702 according to the layer level height can be provided. In the adjustment loops, the layer level height sensor is controlled and / or included in the adjustment device 724 and is connected to it. The configured adjustment logic or adjustment circuit maintains a signal connection with one or more drive mechanisms 722; 722.x; 707; 715 included in the output device 701 for grading purposes. For example, in the adjustment circuit R35 associated with the output device 701, it maintains a signal connection with the drive mechanisms 722; 722.x located upstream of the outlet or assigned to the adjustment mechanism 721 of the outlet, and / or in another adjustment circuit R34 associated with the output device 701, it maintains a signal connection with the vibration drive device 707, and / or in another adjustment circuit R37 associated with the output device 701, it maintains a signal connection with the adjustment drive device 715 for table tilting. The aforementioned adjustment circuits R35; R34; R37 associated with the output device 701 can be provided individually, in pairs, or in combination. In the case of multiple such adjustment circuits R35; R34; R37, it is preferable to provide cascading or prioritization of various control algorithms.

[0145] The metering device 701, which includes a metering device 701, particularly a vibration drive device 707, and the powder conveying device 700, particularly a linear feeder 702, is preferably operated in the following manner:

[0146] The output device 701, specifically designed for the dispensing device 701, is initially and during operation filled with the powdered material 004; 004' to be processed as needed, and outputs the material from the dispensing device 701 to the feeding device 702 in a dispensing manner, particularly through a vibrating output. In a particularly advantageous improvement using the removal device 708 described above, slightly more than applied, for example up to 10%, preferably up to 5%, of the material 004; 004' can be conveyed to the feeding device 702, and then removed to or maintained at a certain, particularly adjustable, height using a preferably oscillating removal device to provide a uniform material layer thickness. The feeding rate from the conveying device 701 to the feeding device 702 can be controlled, for example, by the aforementioned regulating loop R35, R34, R37 including the level sensor 14 on the feeding device 702, such that the detected level is always at least equivalent to, and preferably higher than, the adjusted distance from the feeding device 702.

[0147] The powdered material 004; 004' fed on the feeding device 702, preferably guided from below the removal device 708 in the manner described above, is directly conveyed by the feeding device 702 or, if necessary, fed through another feeding device to the gap 104; 104' or, if necessary, to the introduction auxiliary device 711 arranged above it.

[0148] In an advantageous embodiment, the feeding device 702 and another feeding device connected thereto, if necessary, can be adjusted in the manner described above by the adjustment loop R12 having a level sensor 713 that monitors the level of material in the gap 004; 004' or the auxiliary device 711.

[0149] In an advantageous implementation, when the specifications of the products to be produced 001; 002 change, the output width of the output device 701 and / or the feeding width of the feeding device 702 can be adjusted manually or preferably remotely via a suitable drive device.

[0150] In order to, for example, in addition to dispensing via output device 701 or alternatively changing the maximum material conveying capacity, in an advantageous embodiment, the distance between removal device 708 and feeding device 702 can be changed.

[0151] For the above-described design and variations of the powder conveying device 700 (e.g., in conjunction with FIG. 17) and, particularly, for the different design and variations of the output or dispensing device 701 (e.g., in conjunction with FIG. 18 and FIG. 19), the following is substantially independent of the aforementioned sensor elements, sensors 713, 714, or regulating circuits R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37, but advantageously in combination with one or more of the aforementioned sensor elements, sensors 713; 714, or regulating circuits R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37, a sensor element 726, for example, having sensors 728; 733, is provided. 731, for example, powder flow sensor 726; 731, which is at least point-like or preferably, over the entire width, particularly over the entire drop width or at several points, selectively or segmentally directed towards the powder flow exiting the powder conveying device 700 and fed into the roller gaps 104, 104' or possibly the introduction auxiliary device 711 arranged above them, particularly in the drop portion between the last feeding device 702 included in the powder conveying device 700; 700' and the roller gaps 104; 104' or in the possible introduction auxiliary device 711, can provide information about the powder flow, particularly about its size and / or uniformity. In a first embodiment, such a sensor 726; 731, or the information obtained therefrom, can provide, in an integral manner, i.e., the sum of observed widths, such as the width of the entire powder flow or a portion thereof, such as a measured value Ix; Fx, particularly the drop width of the powder flow, or, in a second embodiment, preferably, a width-independent positional resolution value of this value Ix; Fx.

[0152] In the first embodiment, the integral value of the I;F value can be used to obtain information about the powder flow in the observation area, and if the entire width is not detected, it can be used as a first-order approximation of the entire flow rate. For example, this can be used to guide the powder flow in, for example, the control loops R82;R85, which will be explained below, or to control or regulate the flow rate of the powder flow, for example, if there is an empirically determined relationship between the determined I;F value and the flow rate value.

[0153] In an advantageous embodiment of this first embodiment, a regulating loop R82; R85 is provided, which includes the aforementioned integrated powder flow sensor 726; 731 and the aforementioned sensor 728; 733. This regulating loop in the regulating loop of R82; R85 is connected via signal connection S8 to a regulating logic element or regulating circuit composed of the aforementioned control and / or regulating device 724, which in turn is connected via signal connections S2; S5; S7 to a control mechanism of one or more drive mechanisms 712; 707; 722; 715 of one or more of the aforementioned feeding or dispensing mechanisms 704; 721, for changing the feeding rate of the conveying device and / or the output rate of the dispensing device 701. The relevant regulating logic or regulating circuit, for example, in the regulating loop R82 related to the feed rate, maintains a signal connection S2; S5 with the drive mechanism 712 of the drive feed device 702, and / or in the regulating loop R85 related to the output device 701, maintains a signal connection S2; S5 with the drive mechanism 722; 722.x of the adjusting mechanism 721 arranged before or assigned to the outlet. For a variant of the output device with the above-described vibratory feeder 704, in another regulating loop (not shown) related to the output device 701, the regulating logic or regulating circuit controlling and / or regulating the device 724, which is signal-connected to the sensor 728; 733 of the powder flow sensor 726; 731, can be connected to the vibration drive device 707 and / or in another regulating loop (not shown) related to the output device 701 to the adjusting drive device 715 for adjusting the tilt of the worktable. The aforementioned regulating loops R82 and R85 associated with the output device 701 and / or the feeding device 702 can be set individually, in groups, or all of them. In the case of multiple such regulating loops R82 and R85, it is preferable to set up cascading or prioritizing of various control algorithms.

[0154] In the second embodiment, sensors 726 and 731 are arranged in multiple points or sections, and the location-resolved values ​​of the aforementioned variables Ix and Px can be used for each individual section or measurement location to obtain information about the powder flow rate over the entire width of the relevant section or measurement location, each piece of information representing a powder flow rate measurement value for the relevant section or measurement location. For example, this can be used in the control loops R82 and R85 as described above, where, for example, after summing or averaging, the total powder flow rate can remain constant, for example, if an empirically determined relationship exists between the determined variable Ix and Fx and the throughput, the powder flow rate can be controlled or adjusted according to its throughput. However, for this overall assessment and control, alternatively or additionally, for multiple or all sections or measurement locations in each control loop R82 and R85, at least a portion of the powder flow rate relative to other sections or other measurement locations can be controlled or adjusted according to its throughput, or, for example, if an empirically determined relationship exists between the determined variable Ix and Fx and the throughput, the corresponding powder flow rate, particularly a portion of the powder flow rate, can be controlled or adjusted according to its throughput.

[0155] In an advantageous embodiment of this second embodiment, adjustment loops R82 and R85 are provided for multiple or all segmented or measuring positions having corresponding sensors 728.x and 733.x. The sensors 728.x and 733.x are signal-connected in the adjustment loops R82 and R85 to the adjustment logic or adjustment circuit included in the control and / or adjustment device 724, which in turn is signal-connected to the control device of the multiple drive mechanisms 722.x of the metering mechanism 721 with segmented or segmented adjustable width, so as to change the output rate of the metering device 701 segment by segment. Here, the segmented or measuring positions with their respective sensors 728.x and 733.x correspond to the segments or sections of the segmented adjustable metering mechanism 721, particularly the adjustment element segments 723.x, for example, the adjustment element segments 723.x driven by the drive mechanisms 722.x, such as flap or slider segments 723.x. The control method for each adjustment element 723.x or adjustment element segment 723.x is as follows: for example, to make the sensors 726; 731 detect the same size powder flow in all considered areas. If necessary, the control can also be targeted at a desired curve, i.e., to make the powder flow vary along the width direction in the considered area.

[0156] In an advantageous embodiment (e.g., see Figures 18 and 19), the powder conveying device 700; 700' includes a feeding device 702, through which the powdered material 004; 004' is conveyed in the output width direction and from there to the lower roller gap 104; 104' or, possibly, an introduction auxiliary device 711. Here, the conveying process itself is achieved, in particular, by the powder flow falling into the roller gap 104; 104' or the introduction auxiliary device 711 via a falling path after reaching the end of the feeding device 702 or after the last feeding device 702.

[0157] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the powder feeding device 700; 700' in one of the embodiments or variations described above or below, the aforementioned powder flow sensor 726; 731 is disposed in the fall path region between the only or downstream last conveying device 701 of the powder feeding device 700; 700' and the roller gap 104; 104' or the optional introduction auxiliary device 711.

[0158] Such powder flow sensor elements 726; 731 are shown, for example, in conjunction with a preferred embodiment of output device 701 according to Figures 18 and 19, wherein the same reference numerals as shown in Figure 17 are used for functionally similar or identical components. Unlike the embodiment shown in Figure 17, the output device 701 shown here does not have a vibratory feeder 704, but instead has a metering device 721, shown only schematically in Figure 17 and associated with the output flow at the outlet of supply device 703, by which, for example, the free flow cross-sectional area in and out of supply device 703 can be altered. However, the interpretation of powder flow sensor elements 726; 731 can also be applied to designs with a vibratory feeder 704 as described above, or to any other embodiment in which the powder flow is conveyed via a falling path from feeder device 702 or can be conveyed to roller gaps 104; 104' or possibly an introduction aid 711 arranged above thereon.

[0159] Combining the aforementioned regulating loop R85, which includes powder flow sensor elements 726 and 731 and is based on the integral value of variable I;F, the dispensing mechanism 721 can be designed to have continuous or segmented adjusting elements 723; 723.x throughout the width direction. For the latter, when controlled by a single integral value of variable I;F, for example, for variable Ix;F, adjusting element 723.x makes the same adjustment. If the information provided by variable Ix;F indicates that the powder flow rate is too low or that there is an undesirable decrease in powder flow rate, the continuous control element 723 or the segmented control element 723.x will further open to allow a greater material flow rate, and vice versa. A certain throughput can also be regulated if the above relationship exists.

[0160] Alternatively or additionally, the speed of the conveying device can be controlled in the regulating circuit R82 based on the integral value of the variable Ix;F by means of the corresponding control drive mechanism 712.

[0161] In conjunction with the aforementioned regulating loop R85, which includes powder flow sensors 726 and 731 and is used for segmented control based on individual values ​​of variables Ix and Px, the dispensing device 721 includes control elements 723.x segmented by control element segments 723.x. Here, for example, according to a specified control task, the control element segment 723.x or its adjustment drive device 722.x is adjusted via the corresponding regulating loops R82 and R85, based on individual values ​​of variables Ix and Px at the corresponding segment or measurement position. Here, control can be achieved, for example, by a curve uniformly distributed across the entire width, or, if necessary, by a powder flow rate curve varying across the width. If the above relationship exists, control can also be achieved by a flow rate curve that is uniform or varied across the entire width. One or more additional circuit elements 729, such as dead-time elements 729, can be provided in the corresponding regulating loops R82 and R85.

[0162] In a first advantageous embodiment of the powder flow sensor 726 (see, for example, FIG. 18), the powder flow sensor is based on electromagnetic radiation measurement, particularly light in the ultraviolet, infrared, or visible wavelength range, especially in the form of a light barrier 726. For this purpose, for example, a radiation source 727 (e.g., a light source 727) is provided on one side of the fall path, and a sensor 728; 728.x, particularly a radiation receiver 728; 728.x, is provided on the other side. The radiation intensity I; Ix recorded by the sensor 728 is used here as a variable I; Ix to provide information about the powder flow rate. In cases where only one value of variable I is used for overall measurement and evaluation as described above, a single radiation source 727, such as, in particular, a directional light source 727, and / or a single radiation receiver 728, such as a photodiode 728 or a phototransistor 728, can be provided. In the second case, adjustments can be made in various parts based on individual values ​​of such quantities Ix and Px. This can be achieved by setting up extended radiation sources or light sources 727.x, for example, in the form of gratings 726, multiple individual light sources 727.x or light strips 727.x, and multiple radiation receivers 728.x, extended, particularly spatially resolved radiation receivers 728.x or radiation receiver segments 728.x, such as radiation receiver arrays 728.x, photodiode arrays 728.x, or line scanning cameras 728.x. By detecting the radiation intensity Ix, the constancy of the mass flow rate can be checked, for example, based on empirically determined relationships; even the powder flow rate can be controlled or adjusted segmentally or entirely according to the design.

[0163] In an advantageous second embodiment of the powder flow sensor 731 (see, for example, FIG. 19), the powder flow sensor 731 is based on an application of force measurement, particularly on the measurement of the force generated by the pulses of falling powder particles acting on a sensor 733; 733.x designed as a force sensor 733; 733.x. The force F; Fx value recorded by the sensor 733; 733.x is used here as a quantity value F; Fx providing powder flow information. For overall measurement and evaluation using the value of quantity I, a single force sensor 733 can be provided, to which the powder flow acts over the entire width or a portion representing the width. In the second case, where individual portions are controlled based on a single value of the quantity Fx, multiple individual force sensors 733.x can be provided, for example, as an array 733.x of force sensors operating in a piezoelectric manner.

[0164] The force sensors 733; 733.x can function in any manner to transmit pulses of material 004; 004' falling across the entire width or a portion of the cross-section of the powder flow to the corresponding force sensor 733; 733.x. In the preferred embodiment shown here, for each segment to be observed, i.e., with representative sub-segments or multiple individual sub-segments across the entire width, impact elements 732; 732.x, such as baffles 732; 732.x, are located in the fall path of the segment to be observed and are effectively connected to the corresponding force sensor 733; 733.x. Here, the baffles 732; 732.x can be designed as deflectors 732; 732.x, so that although pulses can be transmitted, the material 004, 004' will still flow further toward the roll gap 104; 104' or the introduction aid 711 above it. Baffle elements 732; 732.x can be pivotally or elastically supported and / or supported on force sensors 733; 733.x, so that, for example, as the load caused by the powder flow increases, the force F; Fx recorded by the force sensors 733; 733.x will also increase. The measurement principle is based on the impact of a change in direction, and the resulting force F is based on the physical relationship F = m × a (force = mass × acceleration) and the change in direction at the time of impact. By measuring the force F, the constancy of the mass flow rate can be checked, and if an empirically determined relationship exists, the powder flow rate can even be controlled or adjusted according to its throughput.

[0165] In another embodiment of the powder conveying device 700; 700', which facilitates uniform conveying, for example, above the dispensing gaps 104; 104' and / or within the filling and / or conveying chamber 126, the powdered material 004; 004' can be provided, for example, by an output device 701 designed as a dispensing device 701, particularly a dispensing device 701 with a vibration drive device 707, such as a dispensing vibrator 701, and preferably directly at the downstream end of the dispensing vibrator 701 or its included vibrating table, or optionally indirectly via one or more downstream conveying devices 701 into the filling and / or storage space 126 above or above the roller gaps 104; 104'. The conveying rate of the dispensing vibrator 701 can preferably be adjusted, for example, by a level sensor as described above, and / or the conveying or feeding width can be adjusted according to the desired specification width.

[0166] In this embodiment, a distribution device 744 is provided above the roller gaps 104; 104', through which the material level in the filling and / or storage space 126 (preferably adjustable in terms of width and / or axial position) can be uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' across their entire width (see, for example, Figures 20a and 20b). For this purpose, the dispensing device 744 preferably includes, for example, a one-piece or multi-piece beam 746 extending axially over at least the maximum net width of the filling and / or storage space 126, on which or in which a dispensing tool 747, for example, a one-piece or multi-piece dispensing finger 747 extends into the filling and / or storage space 126 and is located at or near one end, i.e., at or near the end defining a first end side and an opposite second end side of the filling and / or storage space 126, reaching up to 10% of the width of the filling and / or storage space 126, and can reciprocate or oscillate during operation, for example, by a suitably configured drive mechanism. Here, the dispensing tool 747 can reciprocate between end positions along virtually any desired path of motion, wherein at least one component of motion, particularly the dominant component, i.e., the component of motion greater than those in other directions, moves along the width direction of the filling and / or storage space 126. Preferably, the dispensing tool can reciprocate along a path of motion parallel to the gaps 104; 104'.

[0167] Here, the drive unit may include, for example, an electric drive motor as a drive mechanism 749, which drives, for example, the threads of a belt or screw drive that drives the dispensing tool 747, such as a belt drive or a belt-driven device. Alternatively, the drive unit may include a pneumatic drive mechanism 749, such as a piston that can be pressurized with compressed air on both sides, which is alternately loaded on both sides and carries the dispensing tool 747.

[0168] The dispensing fingers 747 can be designed in virtually any way, such that at least a portion of the dispensing fingers extends into the powder reservoir and, during reciprocating movement, removes a portion of the powdered material 004; 004' located in the movement path. In an advantageous embodiment, the dispensing fingers 747 have a recess 748 on at least a portion of their height extending into the powder reservoir, on the side facing the direction of movement. For example, a scoop-shaped or recessed profile is constructed, for example, in a semi-shell shape, with a vertically extending channel 748. Another preferred embodiment is that the dispensing fingers 747 are mounted and / or forcibly driven in such a way that they are forcibly rotated 180° at the corresponding turning point of the oscillating movement, so that they again point towards the side with the recess in the direction of movement. This can counteract the accumulation of powdered material 004; 004' in the end region. Alternatively, the dispensing fingers 747 may also be provided with a channel, which, for example, allows excess material 004; 004' to flow back during movement.

[0169] In an advantageous improvement, the level of the powdered material 004;004', homogenized by the dispensing device 744 or the oscillating moving dispensing tool 747, in the filling and / or storage space 126 is adjusted or regulated. For this purpose, for example, at least one level sensor 713 as described above is provided, pointing at a location in the filling and / or storage space 126 towards the upper side of the powder reservoir within the filling and / or storage space 126. Preferably, multiple, for example at least three, advantageously at least five, and particularly, for example nine, level sensors 713 pointing towards the powder reservoir are provided when viewed along the width of the filling and / or storage space 126. Alternatively, sensor elements of different designs can be used to detect conveying conditions and / or levels. The level sensor 713 or one or more sensors, or alternative level sensor elements, are connected, for example, via corresponding signals to S1; S3; S2; S4 and the aforementioned control and / or regulating device 724, particularly the regulating logic or electronic regulating circuitry included in the control and / or regulating device 724, for example, in the case of forming corresponding regulating loops R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37, to drive mechanisms 722; 707(712) assigned to the dispensing or feeding devices 702; 704; 721 for changing the output or feeding rate. This enables the provision of the desired filling height, which is defined, for example, by a set value and remains consistent across the entire width.

[0170] Preferably, the output width of the dispensing device 701 or the width of the feed roller gap 104' or the filling and / or conveying space 126 can be varied, for example, in a manner explained above with reference to FIG. 17. Additionally or alternatively, in the above manner, for example, the width of the filling and / or storage space 126 and / or the stroke of the dispensing tool 747, i.e., the width and / or position of the movement path, and / or the vertical position and / or vibration frequency of the dispensing component during operation can be adjusted.

[0171] The powder conveying device 700; 700' may preferably comprise only a dispensing device 701, through which powdered material 104; 104' is output or fed into the roller gap 104; 104', or into the filling and / or storage space 126. This dispensing device 701 can be advantageously designed as an embodiment of a dispensing vibrator 701, as is the component of the powder conveying device 700; 700' in Figures 17, 18, or 19. In a variation, corresponding to the powder conveying device 700; 700' in Figure 17, at least one additional feeding device 702 may be provided, via which powdered material 004; 004' is output or fed into the roller gap 104; 104', or into the filling and / or storage space 126. In an advantageous embodiment, the content described in conjunction with, for example, the embodiment of FIG17 may be applied to the dispensing device 701 and / or the supply device 703 and / or the dispensing mechanism 704 and / or any additional feeding device 702.

[0172] Alternatively, the powder conveying device 700; 700' includes, for example, the linear feeder 702 described above, in conjunction with the embodiment shown in FIG18 or FIG19, which obtains the powdered material 004; 004' directly from the storage container 703, i.e., without the need for intermediate metering vibrator 701, and is conveyed or fed into the roller gap 104; 104' or filling and / or storage space 126 by another conveying device if necessary.

[0173] In an alternative embodiment of the powder storage device 700; 700' which facilitates, for example, leveling in the storage and / or filling and / or storage space 126 above the dispensing gaps 104; 104', the powdered material 004; 004' may be supplied via an output device 701, particularly an output device 701 with a channel-like or trough-like container 751 (e.g., also referred to herein as a tremor trough) that generates vibration via a drive device 707 (e.g., a vibration or tremor drive device 707), and preferably directly (see, for example, FIG. 21) or, if necessary, indirectly via another feeding device 702 (e.g., a linear feeder 702) arranged below, in one or more openings 752 in the bottom 753 of the container 751, and may be fed into the roller gaps 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage space 126 located above them. The term "vibration or tremor drive device 707" herein refers indiscriminately to the drive device 707 that functions to drive the container 751. Unlike hopper-shaped containers with vibration drive devices, the vibratory container 751 here is used to convey material 004 substantially horizontally between a supply section on the input side (e.g., from storage container 703) and an output section on the horizontally spaced output side (e.g., through opening 752).

[0174] The container 751 or vibrating trough 751 specifically includes a surrounding wall. The material level in the vibrating trough 751 can be monitored, for example, within a continuous range or a minimum and / or maximum material level range, by a level sensor 754, and can also be adjusted by the level sensor 754 at two or three points to a determined level or maintained within at least one permissible range. This can be achieved, for example, by changing the supply of the storage container 703 mentioned below. In particular, the level sensor 754 is arranged above the bottom 753. In principle, powdered material 104; 104' can be output directly from at least one bottom opening 752 into the filling and / or storage space 126 located in the wedge 108 above the roll gap 104; 104'. Preferably, the associated opening 752 is followed by a conveying channel 756, also referred to as a filling connector 756 or filling cylinder 756, which has an outlet on its downstream side. This outlet preferably leads into a wedge-shaped portion 108 or a filling and / or storage space 126 located above the roll gap 104; 104', i.e., into the triangular or wedge-shaped space 108 between the shell surfaces. The conveying channel 756, filling connector 756, or filling cylinder 756 can have a cross-sectional profile of substantially any cross-section and / or varying height, but in a preferred embodiment, the conveying channel is constituted by a tube 756 extending vertically, having, for example, a circular or rectangular cross-section, and particularly a constant cross-section above at least the maximum material level provided during operation. A level sensor 754 is preferably arranged above at least one or exactly one opening 752. Thus, even if the conveying channel 756 is not fully filled, the material level reaching the container 751 and the material level in the conveying channel 756 can be monitored and / or determined.

[0175] In a particularly preferred embodiment, a sensor 751, preferably operating non-contactly, is provided as a level sensor 754. This sensor is based on non-contact measurement principles, such as using sound waves or electromagnetic radiation. For example, the sensor scans the powder surface in the observation area or observation location in a non-contact manner, particularly using electromagnetic radiation, or preferably using sound waves. The radiation source or sound source directs radiation or sound waves to and reflects them onto the surface, where they are then received by a radiation or sound wave receiver and processed into a corresponding signal representing the level information.

[0176] In an advantageous embodiment (e.g., see Figure 21), a level sensor 754 is arranged above the opening 752 and / or at least configured to detect the level of material in or above the conveying channel 756, for example, monitoring the level of material above the conveying channel 756 in the event of backflow into the container, and monitoring the level of material in or in the path of the material 004, 004' in the conveying channel 756 if it is not fully filled.

[0177] In another embodiment, not shown here, the level sensor 754 may be arranged above the arch structure 753 to provide information on the level of the material 004, 004' located near or piled up near and spaced apart from the opening 752 (e.g., up to 20 mm), particularly in the direction of material 004, 004', directly in front of the opening 752 in the bottom 753 of the vibrating container 751 leading to the conveying channel 756.

[0178] In an advantageous embodiment, the level sensor 754 or a sensor element containing the sensor can be connected via signal connections to a control and / or regulating device, particularly to a regulating logic or electronic regulating circuit contained in the control and / or regulating device, and to a drive device 707, by which the feed rate of the output device 701 can be changed, for example, connected to a vibration drive device 707, and / or the vertical position of the outlet 757 of the pre-filled container 703 can be adjusted via a drive device not shown, connected via corresponding signal connections, corresponding regulating loops, or multiple, for example, combined, particularly cascaded, regulating loops.

[0179] Here, the sensor may include one or more level sensors 754 arranged axially side by side, for example, at least three, or three to nine level sensors 754. If necessary, their measurement results may be processed using predefined rules to form a general measurement value for adjustment.

[0180] In one embodiment, an opening 752 covering the conveying width and / or a filler joint 756 covering the conveying width may be provided. In an advantageous embodiment, viewed along the direction of the roller gap 104; 104', a plurality of openings 752 and / or associated conveying channels 756 are arranged side by side, for example, in the above-described design, such as circular or rectangular.

[0181] The vibrating trough 751 receives powdered material 004; 004' from a storage container 703, for example, in the form of a storage hopper 703, which has an outlet 757 with one or more openings in its lower region. The outlet 757 is located at a height above the bottom 753, allowing material 004; 004' to enter the vibrating trough 751, but preferably below the maximum possible level determined by the walls of the vibrating trough 751. Therefore, the surrounding walls of the vibrating trough 751 have a correspondingly large height, for example greater than 10 mm, and particularly at least 50 mm, to allow sufficient material 104; 104' to enter the vibrating trough 751. It can slide out from the storage container 703 and be stored in the vibrating trough 751 at a sufficiently high level. Preferably, the outlet 757 is channeled into the powder layer stored in the vibrating trough 751 during operation, i.e., below the current level.

[0182] The material level in storage container 703 can be monitored via level sensor 759, for example, in a continuous range or via two- or three-point adjustment, to achieve minimum and / or maximum material levels. This allows the material level, as well as the pressure acting on outlet 757, to be maintained within the desired range.

[0183] The storage container 703 or its outlet 757 is preferably arranged at a distance (viewed horizontally) from the spacing between the openings 752 or more openings 752. This ensures the lateral flow of material 004; 004' stored within the container 751. For this purpose, the storage container 703 or its outlet 757 is preferably spaced horizontally from the openings 752 or more openings 752, and this direction is perpendicular to the extension of the roller gaps 104; 104'. This creates a horizontal feeding section where material 004; 004' sliding from the storage container 703 can be maintained at a certain level through vibration. In an improved embodiment, a guide 758, for example, a longitudinal edge 758 (shown only in dashed lines), can be provided in the vibration trough 751, extending, for example, along the direction from the outlet 757 to the openings 752 or more openings 752. This can, for example, avoid or reduce the mutual influence of different mass flows that may exist in segments through the multiple openings 752 or consecutive openings 752.

[0184] In order to influence the material level in the vibration trough 751, a drive mechanism (not shown) may be provided, through which the distance between the storage container 703 or the outlet 757 included by the storage container 703 and the bottom 753 of the vibration trough 751 may be changed.

[0185] When the vibration trough 751 or the vibration or vibration drive device 707 is activated, the vibration trough 751 or container 751 and one or more packing joints 756 are filled downstream through one or more openings 752, which in turn fills the filling and / or storage space 126 formed in the roll gaps 104; 104' or wedge 108. If the material level in the roll gaps 104; 104' reaches the horizontal height of the outlet opening of the packing joint 756, backflow will occur in the conveying channel 756, for example, due to the limited fluidity of the material layer and / or the presence of friction in the material layer, thus preventing overfilling of the roll gaps 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage space 126 formed in the wedge 108. The container 751 or vibration trough 751 will also backflow until, for example, due to the limited fluidity and / or friction present in the material layer, it is no longer replenished from the storage container 703, even if the vibration trough 751 is operating continuously. If the material level in the roll gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage space 126 decreases due to material consumption, powdered material 004; 004' is replenished by sliding in. This also occurs when material consumption varies along the width, wherein the horizontal height in the continuous filling joints 756 is compensated by replenishment by sliding in, and since there are multiple filling joints 756 along the width, the used powdered material 004; 004' is replenished individually by sliding in.

[0186] In other alternative preferred embodiments of the powder conveying device 700; 700' (e.g., see Figures 22 and 23), the powdered material 004; 004' is fed segmentally, for example separately from each other, into the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage space 126 formed in the wedge 108 through a set of adjacently arranged conveying channels 756 (e.g., also referred to as filling joints 756 or filling cylinders 756). Therefore, the material level in each conveying channel 756, and the resulting pressure, can be adjusted to a degree independent of material consumption in each other and / or other parts, particularly controlled or adjusted to the same level. The conveying channels 756, filling joints 756, or filling cylinders 756 can substantially have any cross-sectional shape and / or varying height, such as a hopper shape, or can be constituted as a single cylinder divided into individual conveying channels 756 by corresponding partitions. However, in an advantageous embodiment, the conveying channel is, for example, a pipe 756 with a circular or rectangular cross-section, particularly a vertically extending pipe, and has a constant cross-section, at least at the maximum material level provided during operation. Here, the conveying channel 756 receives powdered material 004; 004' directly or indirectly from the supply device 703. Preferably, these conveying channels 756, or the downward-opening outlets of the conveying channels 756, are arranged adjacent to each other, with a width approximately corresponding to the current net width of the filling and / or storage space 126 formed in the wedge 108, i.e., a maximum deviation of ±5%. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the conveying channel 756 is equipped with a sensor element with at least one sensor 761, by which the corresponding material level in the conveying channel 756 can be monitored, for example, based on at least one lower limit and / or upper limit value, or for example, detected within at least one range of the material level. The material level considered here specifically refers to the material level above the downstream outlet of the conveying channel 756, or to the column of material formed or accumulated in the lower part (i.e., the channel segment 756.1 downstream of an adjustment drive device that may be located in the conveying channel 756). Monitoring or detection results are preferably fed via wired or wireless signal connections to control and / or regulation devices, such as electronic control and / or regulation circuitry, or control and / or regulation programs implemented in a data processing device, which in turn acts on one or more adjustment drive devices for changing the material level. The sensor can, in principle, be based on any desired operating mode that meets the aforementioned minimum requirements, such as an optical sensor 761 that evaluates magnetic or electric fields or detects mechanical forces.

[0187] In an advantageous embodiment, the conveying channel 756 is designed to be transparent, or at least semi-transparent, or even see-through, to electromagnetic waves of a certain wavelength range (e.g., within the visible light wavelength range), at least on the side preferably the same, for example, perpendicular to the extension of the roll gap 104; 104', so that the material level can be monitored or detected by means of a sensor 761 that operates as described above and / or is sensitive to the corresponding wavelength range, through the wall or at least through the transparent or semi-transparent portion of the respective conveying channel 756. Here, one of the conveying channels 756 corresponding to the number of conveying channels 756 can be provided, or a sensor 761 shared with the conveying channels 756 can be provided, which is preferably designed as a camera 761, particularly a line scan camera 761. If the area of ​​the corresponding wavelength range in the spectrum is insufficient due to ambient lighting, a light source specifically for the corresponding wavelength range can be provided for use with incident light or, if necessary, transmitted light methods.

[0188] The sensor 761 is preferably designed as a camera 761 that operates in the visible light wavelength range, wherein the delivery channel 756 is made of transparent or at least translucent material, particularly glass, plexiglass or transparent or at least translucent plastic, at least on the side visible to the camera 761 and at least on the cross section visible to the camera 761.

[0189] In a first preferred embodiment of such a powder conveying device 700; 700', the powder conveying device adopts an embodiment of segmented supply filling and / or storage space 126, with conveying channels 756 arranged side by side (e.g., adjacent or spaced apart) and connected to at least one supply device 703 via piping, and can fill powdered material 004; 004' from the input side or above (see, for example, FIG22).

[0190] In one embodiment, which is advantageous in terms of cost, multiple or all adjacent delivery channels 756 are connected to the same supply device 703 pipeline and can be filled with powdered material 004; 004' simultaneously from the input side or above.

[0191] In a preferred embodiment, the step of supplying material to the conveying channel 756 via a separate feeder, vibrator, etc., can be omitted. Instead, a supply device 703 is provided for common distribution to one or more conveying channels 756 to be supplied, for example, located above the inlet of the conveying channel 756, and the powdered material 004; 004' can be fed into or out of the respective conveying channel 756, particularly by gravity alone.

[0192] The output outlet of the conveying channel 756 preferably extends into the roller gap 104; 104' into the wedge-shaped portion 108 formed in the upper region or into the filling and / or storage space 126. Preferably, a storage container 703, for example in the form of a storage hopper 703, can be configured as a supply device 703, which is connected in the lower region to the conveying channel 756 for conveying powdered materials 004; 004' through one or more corresponding openings.

[0193] To allow for the individual and independent filling of each conveying channel 756, for example, in cases where material consumption may fluctuate across the entire width (i.e., the group of conveying channels 756) or for other reasons, adjustment elements 762, such as valves 762, particularly ball valves or flat spool valves 762, are provided corresponding to each conveying channel 756. These adjustment elements allow for modification of the process by which powdered material 004; 004' enters the conveying channel 756 from the input side via the adjustment drive 763, or the process by which powdered material 004; 004' enters the corresponding downstream channel segment 756.1 through the conveying channel 756. This modification allows for selective opening or closing, or, in a more advantageous improvement, adjustment within a controllable range in terms of the degree of opening or the flow rate. The adjustment mechanism 762 allows for individual adjustment of the material level in each conveying channel 756, particularly in the corresponding channel segment 756.1 located downstream of the adjustment mechanism 762. Furthermore, in conjunction with the aforementioned sensors for monitoring and / or detecting the material level, individual control or adjustment can be achieved through control and / or adjustment devices. For example, the aforementioned regulating mechanism 762, designed as a valve 762, has a correspondingly configured sensor element, namely one or more of the aforementioned sensors 761, particularly in combination with a sensor 761 designed as a camera 761, for adjustment or adjustability in terms of the on / off function in a regulating loop, for example, based on two-point or three-point adjustment. In a particularly preferred embodiment, valves 762 with adjustable opening degree or flow rate are provided, such as pinch valves 762 with corresponding adjusting drive devices 763 (e.g., adjusting drive devices with corresponding, particularly proportional, drive devices 763) as adjusting drive devices or regulating mechanisms 762. These valves, in combination with sensors 761 (e.g., cameras 761) for detecting material level, can achieve regulated supply, thereby maintaining a constant material level in the corresponding conveying channel 756.

[0194] The conveying channel 756 can be divided into multiple sections, for example, blocked by corresponding regulating mechanisms 762. The channel segment 756.1 located below the regulating mechanism 762 in the channel 756 can also be made of a rigid material, such as plastic, glass, or plexiglass, while the channel segment 756.2 located above or upstream of the regulating mechanism 762 can be flexible, for example, designed as a flexible hose. Downstream of the regulating mechanism 762, a lateral opening 764 can be provided in the conveying channel 756 for ventilation and / or exhaust of the channel interior; this opening is, for example, located at the end of at least a slightly upward branch. In addition to the regulating mechanism 762 located in the descent path of the corresponding channel 756, the regulating mechanism can also be arranged on the input side of the channel 756.

[0195] In another advantageous embodiment of such powder conveying device 700; 700' (see, for example, FIG. 23), in a design for segmented feeding to filling and / or storage space 126, powdered material 004; 004' can be sequentially conveyed from at least one supply device 703 via the same feeding device 702 to the conveying channels 756, which are arranged directly or possibly spaced apart from each other, or via multiple feeding devices 702 that can operate individually and independently of each other. Here, the feeding device 702 that supplies to different conveying channels 756 sequentially can be provided as a feeding device 702 that moves along the conveying channel 756 with its output end or outlet, for example in an embodiment of a feeding belt 702 or a feeding worm or a linear feeding system 702, particularly a feeding belt system 702, which has multiple coupled linear feeders 702.1; 702.2, for example in the form of a feeding belt or particularly two feeding belts 702.1; 702.2, a vibratory feeder or a feeding worm. For example, referring to Figure 24, an example of a subsequent embodiment using a laterally moving feeder 702 or, in particular, a feeder system 702 is shown. In embodiments with a separate conveyor 702, a corresponding linear feeder 702; 704 may be assigned to a conveyor channel 756, which may be designed as, for example, a feeder 702, a vibratory feeder 704, or a screw feeder.

[0196] The outlet on the output side of the conveying channel 756 also passes into the wedge-shaped portion 108 or the filling and / or storage space 126 formed above the roll gap 104; 104' during operation.

[0197] In this embodiment, the corresponding conveying channel 756, for example as a filling joint 756 or a filling cylinder 756, may also have a cross-sectional profile with arbitrary cross-section and / or varying height. In the preferred embodiment shown here, the conveying channel 756 is formed by rectangular filling cylinders 756, which are, for example, constituted by individual rectangular tubes 756, or, for example, by rectangular segments of cylinders 766 separated by partition walls 767. A hopper-shaped widening may be provided in the upper part of the conveying cylinder 766 to facilitate the directional conveying of powdered materials 004; 004'.

[0198] Similar to the segmented conveying embodiments described above, in an advantageous embodiment, a sensor element is provided on one side of the conveying channel 756, particularly on the side aligned with and / or transverse to the direction of the conveying channel 756. This sensor element has at least one sensor 761 operating within the electromagnetic wavelength range. This sensor points laterally towards at least a portion of one or more conveying channels 756 to determine the material level. The portion of the conveying channel 756 corresponding to at least the wavelength range associated with the sensor 761, i.e., the sensitive or operating wavelength range, observed by the sensor 761, is transparent or at least semi-transparent. Here, one of the conveying channels 756 can be provided corresponding to the number of sensors 761 operating within the relevant wavelength range, or advantageously, a sensor 761 shared by one or more conveying channels 756 can be provided. This sensor is preferably used as a camera 761, particularly designed as a line scan camera 761.

[0199] Once the roller gaps 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage space 126 are filled to the lower end of the tube, for example at the start of production, the powdered material 004; 004' will flow back into the corresponding conveying channel 756 because it cannot be completely removed, for example, due to limited flowability and / or friction. The sensor element monitors and / or detects the material level in the conveying channel 756 in the manner described above.

[0200] Here, the material level is not controlled or adjusted by the corresponding adjustment element 762, but rather by conveying material into each conveying channel 756, particularly by correspondingly manipulating the lateral drive and / or feeding rate of the common feeding device 702, or by correspondingly controlling the feeding rate of each individual feeding device 702. Therefore, in the first variant, the sensor element, i.e., sensor 761, particularly the sensor 761 designed as a camera 761, can form an adjustment loop through control and / or adjustment devices or control and / or adjustment programs executed in the data processing device or by the electronic control and / or adjustment circuits contained therein, or by lateral movement (i.e., along the width direction of rollers 102; 102'; 103; 104) or filling and / or storage space 126 (e.g., shown by the double arrows in FIG. 23) and / or the drive device that determines the feeding rate of the common feeding device 702, so that the material level in the conveying channel 756 is maintained above the minimum or target material level, or within the allowable range. For this purpose, for example, the outlet of the common feeding device 702 continuously oscillates across the width of all conveying channels 756 within the working width, and, as needed, when passing through a conveying channel 756 with insufficient material level (i.e., a channel with a material level below the limit), the drive device is operated accordingly to output material. Alternatively, lateral movement can be achieved by controlling the drive device, so that the outlet of the feeding device 702 is targeted to the insufficient conveying channel 756, and material output is achieved by correspondingly controlling the drive device that determines the input rate.

[0201] In another advantageous embodiment of the powder conveying device 700; 700', the powdered material 004; 004' can be fed through the device into a filling and / or storage space 126 in the region of the wedge-shaped portion 108 formed above the gap 104; 104' between the first rollers 102; 102', and the powdered material 004; 004' can be fed from the output device 701 through the outlet or downstream end of the feeding device 702 into the filling and / or storage space 126.

[0202] However, the width of the outlet or downstream end of the feeding device 702 extends only to a portion of the width of the filling and / or storage space 126 to be conveyed, for example, less than a quarter (see, for example, FIG. 24). However, in order to still be able to convey powdered material 004 to the filling and / or storage space 126, the feeding device 702 is arranged directly upstream of the filling and / or storage space 126, and at least in its downstream end or outlet region, is only partially wider than the width of the filling and / or storage space 126 such that the feeding device 702 is movable in two directions, at least at its output-side end or outlet, across the entire width or a portion of the width of the filling and / or storage space 126, also referred to herein as being traversable. While movement in the width direction of the filling and / or storage space 126 may also be along an arc, or otherwise a curve, or along a straight line inclined relative to the extension of the gap 104; 104', the end or outlet of the partial width of the feeding device 702 may move in a direction parallel to the extension of the roller gap 104; 104', and preferably horizontally and / or approximately, i.e., on each side, for example, over the entire current setting or existing width of the filling and / or storage space 126, with a maximum deviation of ±5%.

[0203] Powdered material 004; 004' is conveyed to feeding device 702 by or by means of a dispensing device 701; 701' that monitors the output, such as an outlet that works in conjunction with a vibration drive, a controllable conveying screw, or a controllable dispensing valve.

[0204] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the powder conveying device 700; 700' includes a dispensing vibrator 701; 701' of the dispensing device 701; 701', by which the powder mixture 004; 004' can be controlled to flow to the feeding devices 702, 702.1, 702.2 with a constant and / or particularly accurate precision of 3% (particularly 2%) of the maximum deviation from the rated output, the conveying devices being particularly capable of operating at a prescribed and / or predetermined speed (particularly variable speed). The feeding devices 702, 702.1, 702.2 are preferably designed as a feeding belt system 702, having at least one first linear feeder 702.1, particularly a feeding belt 702.1, and at least one additional or second linear feeder 702.2, particularly a feeding belt 702.2, which is output downstream of the same feeding section, for example, longer than the first linear feeder 702.1, to which material 004; 004' from the first linear feeder 702.1 or feeding belt 702.1 can be conveyed. The linear feeder 702 or the linear feeding system 702.1, 702.2 and / or at least its downstream end can preferably be driven, particularly a linear drive, across the filling and / or supply chamber 126, i.e., reciprocating in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the roll gaps 104, 104', over a conveying width associated with powder conveying, with a constant overall feeding section length.

[0205] Here, the feeding device 702 is preferably designed as a linear feeding system 702.1, 702.2, particularly a feeding belt system 702.1, 702.2, having multiple, for example two coupled linear feeders 702.1, 702.2, particularly feeding belts 702.1, 702.2, which are particularly capable of operating at a constant and / or predetermined speed. The drive device is coupled to a drive device, for example a lateral drive, particularly a linear drive 768, 769, 771, in its downstream end region. The linear drive preferably operates in a parallel axial direction at a height above the first gap 104; 104' and can be reciprocated, particularly in a parallel axial direction, between two lateral end positions that define the conveying width above the first gap 104; 104' by the drive device at a defined and / or predetermined, particularly variable speed. Linear actuators 768, 769, and 771 include, for example, a linear guide on which a driven slide 768 operates, and a laterally running drive belt coupled to a downstream end, or particularly include a threaded spindle 769 whose actuator is connected to the end region of a linear feeder 702; 702.1; 702.2 coupling the slide 768, for example, the spindle slide 768. The drive device 771 driving the threaded spindle 769 or belt is designed, for example, a motor 771, particularly a servo motor 771, which can operate alternately, for example, turning right and left.

[0206] For preferred embodiments of linear feed systems 702.1, 702.2, particularly feed belt systems 702.1, 702.2 having multiple, for example two coupled linear feeders 702.1; 702.2, and especially feed belts 702.1; 702.2, the linear feeders can, in principle, be coupled and driven by a common drive mechanism 712. However, in advantageous embodiments, for each linear feeder 702.1; 702.2 or each feed belt 702.1; 702.2, the linear feed system 702.1; 702.2 or the 702.2 of the feed belt systems 702.1, 702.2 is provided with a separate drive mechanism 712.1, 712.2, for example a corresponding drive motor 712.1; 712.2, and particularly a servo motor 712.1; 712.2.

[0207] The downstream end of, for example, the first linear feeder 702.1, particularly the feed belt 702.1, located further upstream of the linear conveyor systems 702.1, 702.2, is connected via a coupling 772, for example, a shaft 772, to the upstream end of the second and final linear feeder 702.2, particularly the feed belt 702.2, which follows downstream, in such a way that they can pivot relative to each other about a common axis of rotation (e.g., extending vertically). The shaft 722 or coupling 722 can be supported, for example, by a bracket 773, which is fixed to a frame but pivotable about an axis of rotation parallel to the shaft 722.

[0208] Sensors 713, such as level sensors 713, preferably ultrasonic sensors 713, are installed or arranged in the downstream end region of the linear feeder 702 or linear feed systems 702.1, 702.2, or on the slide 768, to detect or monitor the level of the powdered material 004; 004' in the filling and / or storage space 126. Alternatively, a sensor element with at least one sensor 761 may be used, such as a transverse sensor 761 as described above, by which the level of the material across the width of the filling and / or storage space 126 can be determined continuously or intermittently. The position resolution results can then be used to form the adjustment loop of the subsequent control and / or regulation device.

[0209] Here, the control or adjustment of the material level is similar to that in the above embodiment, i.e., when the material level is too low, it is input in segments by the material conveying device, particularly by the traverse drive and / or feeding rate of the corresponding width feeding devices 702, 702.1, 702.2. Therefore, in the first variant, the relevant sensors 713, 761 can be used with the control and / or adjustment device or its contained electronic control and / or adjustment circuitry or the control and / or adjustment program executed in the data processing device, and form an adjustment loop with the drive device 771 of the traverse direction (i.e., along the width direction) of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' or the filling and / or storage space 126 and / or the determining of the feeding rate of the width feeding devices 702, 702.1, 702.2, which keeps the material level in the filling and / or storage space 126 above the minimum height, at the target height, or within the allowable range over the entire monitored width. For this purpose, for example, the downstream end or outlet of the partial width feeder 702 continuously oscillates across the monitored width, and, as needed, when passing through a defective area (i.e., an area where the material level is below the limit value), outputs material by correspondingly manipulating the drive mechanisms 712; 712.1; 712.2 related to the feed rate. In a variant with a transverse sensor, a suitable adjustment loop can alternately move the end or outlet to the portion identified as defective and supply material 004; 004', particularly via the partial width feeders 702, 702.1, 702.2.

[0210] The powder conveying devices 700 and 700' in the above embodiments are preferably applicable to all the structures of the coating devices 100 and 100*. In embodiments where double-sided coating is performed simultaneously or where the application unit 101 and 101' is offset along the substrate path, it is preferable that the powder conveying device 700 and 700' is also provided on another application unit 101' and 101.

[0211] The powder conveying device 700; 700' in the above embodiments can also be used to feed the powder to be coated into the application unit 101; 102', wherein, in addition to the first and second rollers 102; 102; 103; 103', a third roller is provided, for example, downstream of the second roller 103; 103', the second roller 103; 103' having a slit for transferring dry film, the slit receiving the previously formed dry film 003; 003' through a slit between itself and the second roller 103; 103', and transferring the dry film 003; 003' to the other roller or carrier substrate 006 in another slit between itself and another roller 103'; 106, so as to guide it through the other slit. In the latter case, the other slit forms a lamination slit 107; 107', which is formed on the other side by a roller 103'; 106 serving as a pressure roller 103'; 106.

[0212] In principle, independent of one of the designs, variations, configurations, embodiments, or configurations of the aforementioned coating apparatus 100; 100* and / or one of the designs or variations of the aforementioned powder conveying apparatus 700; 700* and / or one of the apparatuses and / or configurations of the machine, which will be explained in more detail below, but particularly advantageously in conjunction with them, a measuring structure 801 or device is provided for determining the density ρ of the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on the shell surface of one of the rollers 103; 103' of the output unit 101; 101', for example as shown in FIG. 25. This measuring structure 801 will be conceptually complemented in conjunction with the aforementioned coating apparatus 100; 100* and / or the aforementioned powder conveying apparatus 700; 700*.

[0213] The measuring structure 801 or device includes the removal device 114; 114'; 116; 116' described above, which can abut or be abut against the shell surface of roller 103; 103' during rotation, so as to remove at least a portion of the material layer 003; 003' at a certain position on at least a portion of the circumference of roller 103; 103', within a working width (e.g., the width of the roller shell surface used for film formation). This is done when roller 103; 103' rotates beyond a first angular position. Second angle position The range of angles between (e.g., angular interval) When ), at least a portion of the material layer 003; 003' related to the determined density ρ is removed by the removal devices 114; 114'; 116; 116', wherein, if more than one rotation is required, the second angular position It is necessary to consider an angular difference greater than 360°. The portion of material layer 003; 003' related to determining density ρ can be generated by removal over a full circle, multiple full circles, or a portion of a full circle. In the following text, unless the angular position is explicitly mentioned... or angle range When explicitly excluding direct mention of time t, the time interval Δt should be understood as the angular range related to removal. Synonyms, where the first time t1 is used at, for example, the first angular position. Removal begins at point t2, and the second time t2 is used at, for example, the second angular position. Remove the item at the end.

[0214] In principle, material layer 003; 003' is used to obtain a sample by, for example, a removal device 114; 114' covering the film-forming effective width of the roller shell surface, within a certain length or angle range, over the entire width. The material can be removed or removed over its entire width. This is particularly true, for example, in the case of application unit 101; 101', by which the material layer 003; 003', which will be freely segmented and interrupted, is applied to the carrier substrate 006.

[0215] In an advantageous embodiment, for example as described above, wherein, during multiple rotations of the aforementioned laminating rollers 103; 103', the material layer 003; 003' is continuously applied to the carrier substrate 006, a removal device 116; 116' is provided. This removal device is designed to remove only a portion of the material layer 003; 003', particularly the material strip 008; 008' (which is formed by the edge strip 008; 008' in the edge region, i.e., at one end of the material layer 003; 003' viewed axially), from the shell surface at a portion of the circumference of the roller 103; 103', covering only a portion of the available working width. Here, the material strip 008 is cut along a circumferentially extending section line s and peeled off from the shell surface. The edge strip 008; 008' can be an edge-cut segment used above to obtain a straight edge.

[0216] The measuring structure 801 or measuring device also includes a weighing device 802 for weighing the portion 008; 008' previously removed from the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on rollers 103; 103', particularly the identified and / or detectable portion. The removed portion of the material layer 003' can or will be collected. For this purpose, the removed portion of the material layer 003; 003' used to determine the density ρ of the material layer 003' is collected in a weighing container 803, for example, mounted on a scale 809 (e.g., a weighing pan 803), and its mass m is determined thereby. Here, for example, a dead time can or will be considered, which takes into account the removal path of the material layer 003; 003' used to determine the density ρ from the stripping point to the weighing device 802.

[0217] In principle, an implementation scheme can be envisioned in which, during the operation of the coating apparatus 100; 100*, edge strips 008; 008' are continuously removed and collected on a weighing device 803 or a weighing container 803 of appropriate size, wherein the material layer 003; 003' has an angular range related to determining the density ρ. The mass m of the removed portion 008; 008' can be determined by calculating the difference between the mass m recorded by the weighing device 802 at time t2 at the end of the measurement process and at time t1 at the beginning.

[0218] In an advantageous embodiment, such as that shown in Figure 25, where, for example, during the operation of the coating apparatus 100; 100*, the edge strips 008; 008' can also be continuously removed, and picked up by the collection device 117; 117' if necessary, and removed via the collection device, a separation device 808 driven by a drive device 818 is provided, by means of which, for example, in the relevant angular range Within the defined time interval Δt (e.g., within the dead time), the material layer 003; 003' is removed for a given angular range. The portion of material with density ρ removed can be fed into a weighing device 802 specifically designed for this purpose, particularly a weighing container 803. Here, the separating device 808 can be designed as an outlet device 808, taking the form of a turnout 808 with a turnout tongue 817 driven, for example, by a drive device 818, or a steering mechanism 808 designed with a slider 817 or a bottom 817 driven by a drive device 818. In a variation, for example, material layers 003; 003' are freely segmented, and multiple material layer segments for measurement can be separated from edge regions 008, for example, by such a separating device 808 in the manner described above, wherein, for example, other edge regions 008 are received in collecting devices 117; 117' if necessary. After the measurement cycle, the sample material of the removed material layer 003;003' received on or inside the weighing container 803 can be emptied, in particular poured, into a larger material container 816, such as container 816, by a drive device 814, such as a tilt drive 814.

[0219] In addition, a measuring device 806 is provided, by which the thickness d, for example, layer thickness d, of the material layer 003; 003' fed on the rollers 103; 103' can be determined. Therefore, in principle, the thickness d003, for example, layer thickness d003, can be input at any position on the width b003; b003' of the material layer 003; 003', and / or input when the device containing the rollers is not running, but preferably the thickness d008 or layer thickness d008 of the material layer 003; 003' in the material strip 008; 008' to be removed is input. This measuring device 806 is preferably based on non-contact measurement, for example, designed as an ultrasonic, inductive, or capacitive measuring device 806 with a corresponding measuring head.

[0220] The density ρ is measured, for example, in a data processing device 811 provided for this purpose and provided, for example, in a control device 807 for measuring density ρ, according to: ρ = m / V = m / (A·d).

[0221] In the simplest case, for example, when the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on rollers 103; 103' has sufficiently straight side edges, and the width 008 of the material strip 008; 008' to be removed or being removed can be known from the axial position of the removal device 116; 116', the angular range swept during sampling of the portion 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' related to determining density ρ can be used. The radius r of rollers 103; 103' is used to directly measure the area A, and the volume V of material layer 003; 003', which is related to the determined density ρ and has had its portion 008; 008' removed, is measured in conjunction with the layer thickness. Here, when determining the density ρ, the width b008 is known, and the radius (approximate value) of rollers 103; 103' in the usable surface area itself can be used as the width b, or a radius that has been slightly corrected upwards, for example, by the average layer thickness d008. If the width b is known, the area A of the above relationship can be determined, for example, according to the following formula:

[0222] For example, if the side edges of the material layer 003; 003' fed on rollers 103; 103' are not straight enough and / or the width b008 of the material strip 008 to be removed is unknown, a sensor 804 can be provided, such as an optical sensor 804, which can be used to observe the angle range to be observed. The width b;b008 of the edge strip 008;008' to be removed, or the width b;b008 or the direction distribution of the side edge, can be determined, for example, the average width, in the latter case, where the average width acts as the width b in the above relationship.

[0223] In a favorable alternative where the width b008 of the material strip 008 is unknown and / or varies, a sensor 804 with a corresponding evaluation device can be provided. This sensor, knowing the position of the cutting line s, takes into account the angular range... In the case of a corresponding time interval λt and rotational motion on the radius r mentioned above, the area A can be directly determined, for example, by integrating during the rotational motion.

[0224] The sensor 804, or the optically operating sensor 804, may be, for example, a camera 804, particularly a line scan camera 804.

[0225] Indicates the current angular position of roller 103; 103' Information or the angular range swept during sampling of the portion 008; 008' related to the determination of density ρ in material layers 003; 003'. The relevant information can be transmitted to the data processing device 811, for example, via a signal connection from the angle position sensor 813, such as the sensor being directly or indirectly coupled to the roller rotation shaft, or via a signal connection from a drive controller that directly or indirectly specifies the angle position of rollers 103; 103'.

[0226] Therefore, the density ρ of the material layer 003; 003' fed on the shell surface of the aforementioned rollers 103; 103' is determined by the following method: the roller 103; 103' bearing the material layer 003; 003' on its shell surface rotates about its rotation axis R103; R103'. During rotation, at a portion of the circumference between the receiving portion of the material layer 003; 003' and the output portion downstream to another roller 103; 103' or, for example, the aforementioned carrier substrate 006, the material layer 003; 003' is passed through the removal device 114; 114'; 116; 116' within an angular range at a portion of the circumference. The inner layer is removed from the shell surface 008; 008' in whole or in part from the width b003; b008, and the material layer 003; 003 is determined by weighing within the angular range. The mass m of the portion 008 to be removed is determined by the measuring device 806, preferably before removal, of the layer thickness d; d003; d008 of the material layer 003; 003 in the area to be removed, and the area of ​​the material layer 003; 003' is determined. Then, for example, by one of the methods described above, the angle range of the material layer 003; 003' that has been removed or is to be removed on the roller is determined. The area A inside is determined, and finally, based on the area A, mass m, and layer thickness, the density value of the material layer 003; 003' fed on rollers 103; 103' is obtained.

[0227] The determined density ρ value can be displayed, for example, by a display device 812, such as a display 812, and / or by a control device for controlling the coating apparatus 100; 100*.

[0228] Using the aforementioned apparatus or method for measuring density ρ, density ρ can be checked during production (online or in specially configured operation), thereby checking the quality of material layers 003; 003' formed, for example, as powder composite films 003; 003' and / or active material layers 003; 003, or, for example, in the form of dry films 003; 003', and, if necessary, taking countermeasures when deviations from rated values ​​or permissible target ranges occur. These countermeasures may, for example, increase pressure exceeding the aforementioned linear force or reduce the gap width in the aforementioned roller gaps 104; 104' when density ρ is too low, or decrease pressure exceeding the aforementioned linear force or increase the gap width in the roller gaps 104; 104' when density is too high, for example, decrease the gap width if density is too low. Alternatively or additionally, the temperature of one of the rollers 102, 102', 103, 103' involved in the formation of the material layer may be changed, and / or the aforementioned speed difference between the rollers 102, 102', 103, 103' involved in the formation of the material layer may be changed.

[0229] A machine for manufacturing multilayer products, particularly in an online process (see, for example, Figures 3, 10, 15, or 16), having a dry film 003; 003' formed of the powder mixture on at least one side of a carrier substrate 006, preferably comprises: a substrate conveying section 200 through which the carrier material 006 is conveyed to the machine at the input side; a first substrate path segment 300 through which the carrier substrate 006 is conveyed to an application stage 100; 100* for applying the dry film 003; 003' on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006; and a second substrate path segment 400 through which the carrier substrate 006 with the dry film 003 on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006 is conveyed to a product receiving section 500 through which the products can be assembled into a product assembly, such as a roll or stack.

[0230] In a particularly preferred embodiment, application stage 100; 100* is implemented in the above-described embodiments, designs, configurations, implementations, or variations of the aforementioned apparatus 100; 100*. Instead of the application stage 100 shown as an example in FIG. 3, all embodiments, improvements, configurations, implementations, or variations of the first group of examples can be employed, and instead of the application stage 100* shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 15, and FIG. 16, all embodiments of the second group can be employed. In the embodiments of the machine shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, as variations, the first group of embodiments, designs, configurations, implementations, or variations for application stage 100 can also be used, i.e., having separate application devices 101; 101'.

[0231] In an advantageous embodiment, the substrate conveying section 200 is formed by a substrate unwinder 200, particularly a roll changer 200, preferably a roll changer 200 comprising multiple roller positions and / or suitable for uninterrupted roll changing. Advantageously, it can be a substrate guide element 202 designed as a motor-driven roller 202, particularly a traction roller 202, and / or a substrate guide element 203, for example in the form of a pull rod, which is, for example, an oscillating roller 203 elastically biased transversely to the substrate path on the rod. The carrier substrate web 006 is unwound on the substrate unwinder 200 and, at the unwound position, conveyed on the input side to the substrate path that guides it through the machine.

[0232] In the case of the traction roller 202 included in and structurally assigned to the substrate unwinder (see Figure 3 or Figure 10), the traction roller may be included by a traction mechanism 207, particularly a pull-in mechanism 207, which, for example, includes the traction roller 202 in addition to the traction roller 202, particularly a drive mechanism that is independently driven from other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed, particularly a drive motor, for example in the form of a servo output motor, and / or a pressure roller that can be adjusted toward the traction roller 202 to produce increased friction. The roller 202 or drive mechanism may also be operated in a generator-like manner or to inhibit the forward movement of the carrier substrate web 006, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 202, so as to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example in the next substrate path segment 300 and, for example, extending to the next clamping or web pulling section, or in a portion of the substrate path segment 300 formed by subsequent substrate path segments.

[0233] Also structurally assigned to the substrate path in the roll changer 200, a substrate guide element 208 may be constructed in the substrate path as a measuring roller 208, such as a web tension measuring roller 208 (shown as an example in Figure 16 as an example of all embodiments). The web tension is measured by this measuring roller, for example, so that it can be used, for example, to adjust the web tension, for example, by adjusting the conveying speed of the individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, particularly the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502.

[0234] The substrate conveying device 200, designed as a roll changer 200, advantageously includes a roller drive that is mechanically independent of the rest of the machine and / or driven by a single motor and / or lifting device to assist in the roller loading and / or roller unloading process.

[0235] In an advantageous embodiment, a device 204 for lateral web edge control (shown as an example in FIG. 15, for example, as an example of all embodiments) can also be provided in the web path section of the substrate transport section 200 and / or in the subsequent first web path 300. In particular, a sensor element for detecting the web edge and an adjustment element for realizing the lateral offset of the carrying substrate can be provided, for example, around a direction perpendicular to the transport direction T. S A pair of rotating rods that pivot along an extended axis. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the web edge controller 204 is combined with an adhesive device 206, such as an adhesive table 206.

[0236] Alternatively or additionally, in an advantageous embodiment, a distributing device, particularly a single or multiple web guide element with a convex shell surface, is provided in the substrate path section of the substrate conveying device 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300.

[0237] In an advantageous improvement, a single-piece or multi-piece pretreatment station 302, particularly a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, through which surface impurities, such as dust or cutting residues and / or charge carriers, are removed or can be removed from the carrier substrate 006 on one or both sides in a non-contact or contact manner.

[0238] In the first substrate path 300, particularly in the clean downstream section where necessary, a measuring station 303 is advantageously provided, in particular having a sound- or radiation-based measuring device 303, by which the material thickness of the carrier material 006 is checked in terms of its thickness and / or thickness uniformity and / or impurity condition, and, for example, if there is an unacceptable deviation from the target specification, optical and / or audible warning signals and / or error signals are transmitted to the machine controller and / or control center.

[0239] In all embodiments of the machine, in advantageous embodiments, substrate guide elements 208; 307 may be provided as measuring rollers 307 (as an example in all embodiments, as shown in Figures 15 and 16) in the substrate path segment structurally corresponding to the roll changer 200 and / or in the substrate path segment following the first substrate path 300. These substrate guide elements, for example, determine the web tension so that it can be conveyed, for example, through the respective units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, particularly motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, at a speed used for adjusting the web tension. Here, only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307 may be provided, or advantageously both measuring rollers 208; 307 may be provided. In the latter case, for example, the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or adjust the web tension in the substrate path segment prior to the first or only application point.

[0240] In an advantageous improvement, a pretreatment station 304, designed as an application station 304, is provided in the first substrate path 300, through which adhesives and / or primers can be applied to the carrier material 006 on one or both sides. In this case, a dryer (not shown), such as a hot air or radiation dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the application station 304.

[0241] Independent in principle from one or more other embodiments of the machine, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more other embodiments of the machine, in an advantageous improvement, directly in the substrate path before the application stage 100; 100*, i.e., downstream of the final substrate guiding element 301; 307 that mates with the carrier substrate web 006, a thermal pretreatment station 306, particularly a temperature-regulating station 306, such as an infrared radiation source 306, is provided, through which the carrier material 006 can be heated above ambient temperature, particularly to above 60°C, preferably to at least 80°C. This can be particularly advantageous, for example, for activating the bonding aids or agents 007; 007' applied to the carrier substrate 006. Independent in principle from this, but advantageously in conjunction with such a temperature-regulating station 306, a sensor 311 can be used to determine the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006, such as a temperature sensor 311, particularly a non-contact and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311. For example, the sensor 311, which is a temperature sensor 311, can be used together with the temperature control station 306, which is provided when necessary, as part of a control loop for regulating the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006.

[0242] Instead of the traction roller 202 or traction mechanism 207 that serves as the substrate unwinder 200, or additionally if necessary, the traction roller 308 or traction mechanism 309 may be provided following the substrate unwinder 200 and / or at the first or only dry film application point, i.e., guiding to the substrate path segment 300 of the first or only lamination gap 107; 107'. In the case where there is only one traction roller 202; 308 or only one traction mechanism 207; 309 in the substrate path between the unwinding portion on the roll 201 and the entrance to the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', such a traction roller 202; 308 or such a traction mechanism 207; 309 can, in principle, structurally correspond on the input side to the substrate path segment 300 extending between the substrate unwinder 200, particularly the unwinding portion, and the application stage 100; 100*, particularly the first or only application point, or can also structurally correspond well to the application stage 100; 100*. Importantly, at the first application point, i.e., before the first or only lamination seam 107; 107', in the substrate path, there are traction rollers 202; 308 or traction mechanisms 207; 309 arranged to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example, in subsequent substrate path segments or in portions of partial substrate path segments formed by the next substrate path segment. Corresponding to the traction mechanism 207 described above, the traction mechanism, for example, in addition to the traction roller 308, has a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 308 particularly independently of other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed, for example in the form of a servo output motor, and / or pressure rollers that can be directed toward the traction roller 308 to increase friction. Here, the roller 308 or drive mechanism can also operate in a generator-like manner or suppress the propulsion of the carrier substrate web 006, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 308, so as to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example, in the substrate path segment that is behind and extends to the next clamping or web pulling part, or in the portion of the substrate path segment formed by the subsequent substrate path segment.

[0243] In an advantageous embodiment, in the second substrate path 400, particularly in the substrate path immediately following the application stage 100; 100*, a calendering unit 600 is provided having two calendering rolls 601; 602 forming a calendering gap therebetween. At least one, preferably two, calendering rolls can be heated, particularly to the point that their surfaces are heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of 25°C, and / or a pressure having a preferably adjustable linear force of at least 5.0 kN / cm, preferably at least 7 kN / cm, preferably between 5 kN / cm and 30 kN / cm can be applied therebetween. A strip of product 002 coated on at least one side can pass through the calendering gap to further compact the dry film 003; 003' using pressing force and / or a temperature above ambient temperature.

[0244] In principle independent of one or more other implementations of the machine, but advantageously combined with them, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the second substrate path 400 after the application stage 100; 100*, if a calendering unit 600 is provided if necessary, a cooling device 402 having one or more partially wrapped, temperature-controlled cooling rollers 402.1; 402.2 through which the product strip 002 guided through can be cooled, for example, by at least 20°C, particularly at least 50°C.

[0245] In principle, independent of one or more other implementation variations of the machine but advantageously combined with them, in an advantageous improvement, inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2, particularly based on optical and / or acoustic measurements, are present in the second substrate path 400. These devices, for example, have a sensor 403.1 pointing to one side and a sensor 403.2 pointing to the other side, used to inspect the product surface for defects, such as the integrity of the surface and / or thickness of the applied dry film 003; 003'. The inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2 can be arranged, for example, in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600 as shown in FIG. 15, or, for example, in the substrate path downstream of the application stage 100; 100' but upstream of the calendering unit 600 as shown in FIG. 16. In the first case, errors caused by calendering can be detected, while in the second case, errors caused in the application stage 100; 100' can be identified earlier.

[0246] In principle, independent of one or more other implementation variations of the machine but advantageously combined with, particularly with, inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2 disposed in the substrate path, in an advantageous improvement, a device 412 for defect marking is provided, which may be, for example, a printing device, such as an inkjet printhead or an insertion device, the latter being, for example, a physical marking mechanism, such as a plurality of so-called marking flags, which may be disposed on the carrier substrate web 006.

[0247] In all embodiments of the machine, in an advantageous implementation, at least one substrate guide element 409 may be designed as a measuring roller 409 in the second substrate path 400, by which the web tension can be determined, for example, for use in adjusting the web tension, for example, by means of the relative conveying speeds of the respective assemblies 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, particularly motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Preferably, at least one substrate guide element 409 is designed as a measuring roller 409 in the substrate path section of the second substrate path segment 400 located after the application stage 100; 100*, particularly the last or only application position, and more preferably, particularly, in the substrate path section of the second substrate path segment 400 before the calendering unit 600, particularly before the calendering position, and especially preferably both in the calendering unit 600 and in the substrate path section arranged after the calendering unit 600. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate guide element 507 structurally assigned to the product winder 500 can be designed as a measuring roller 507 arranged in the substrate path after the calendering unit 600.

[0248] To ensure optimal passage of the substrate through application stages 100; 100*, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 401, designed to be forcibly driven by a motor, is provided in the second substrate path 400, preferably directly after application stages 100; 100* but before the calendering unit 600, which is provided if necessary. This substrate guide element may be included in a traction mechanism 411, for example, in addition to the traction roller 401, the traction mechanism having a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 401 particularly independently of other traction rollers and whose speed can be adjusted and / or controlled, for example in the form of a servo output motor, and / or having pressure rollers that can abut against the traction roller 401 to increase friction. Here, the roller 401 or drive mechanism, based on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 401, can in principle operate as a generator or in a manner that suppresses the feed of the carrier substrate web 006. However, here, the web tension used to construct and / or maintain the web tension in the upstream substrate path section is achieved via a motor, i.e., along the conveying direction T. SThe conveyor substrate web 006 may operate or be operable at a speed relative to, for example, the speed of the traction roller 202; 301 immediately upstream and / or the circumferential speed of the last or only laminating roller 107; 107' or the pair of laminating rollers 107; 107' with a lead time.

[0249] Alternatively or additionally, in a preferred embodiment, a web tension compensation and / or adjustment device 406 (e.g., illustrated in FIG. 15 for all embodiments) is present in the second substrate path 400, in the application stage 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600. This device may have an oscillating roller 407, by which fluctuations in web tension, for example, are compensated, and / or the conveying speed of the preceding or following assembly or one or more web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, particularly motor-driven, can be adjusted.

[0250] For all the designs and variations of the machine mentioned here, the following implementation is particularly advantageous, wherein a measuring station 408 is provided between the single or final calendering unit 600; 600* and the product assembly 501 formed in the product receiving section to determine the product strip thickness, in particular the total thickness (e.g., shown in Figures 15 and 16 as examples of all embodiments).

[0251] In place of or supplementing the aforementioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path segment 400, such or additional cooling devices 402; 504 may also be provided in the substrate path segment considered as the product receiving portion 500 or on its frame. Such a cooling device 504 may, for example, be formed by a substrate guide element 504 designed as a cooling roller 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504, considered as the second substrate path segment 400 or structurally considered as the product receiving portion 500, may also be formed by a plurality of temperature-controlled cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2 that are partially wound sequentially around each other.

[0252] In the improved design, a sensor 508 may be provided, for example, downstream of the cooling device 504, for determining the temperature of the product 002, particularly the product strip 002, in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600, but no later than before the take-up device, for example, before winding in the product winding machine 500. The sensor 508 may be designed, for example, as a temperature sensor 508, particularly as a non-contact and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, and / or may be incorporated into the cooling device 504 as part of a regulating loop for temperature control.

[0253] In an advantageous implementation, the product receiving section 500 is designed as a product winding device 500, and in particular a winding changer 500.

[0254] Preferably, the product winding machine 500 is suitable for uninterrupted roll changing and / or includes a substrate guide element 502 and / or a substrate guide element 503 designed as one of the motor-driven traction rollers 502, which is in the form of an oscillating roller 503 that is elastically biased transversely to the substrate path on a rod.

[0255] To ensure optimal substrate operation between the calendering unit 600, which is provided when necessary, and the winding section on the product winding machine 500, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 502, preferably as the final substrate guide element 502, is provided as a motor-driven traction roller 502 before winding in the substrate path 400 or in a substrate path section that can be considered as the product winding machine 500. This substrate guide element can be included in the traction mechanism 506, which, in addition to the traction roller 502, also has a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 502 particularly independently of other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed drive, for example, in the form of a servo output motor, and / or has a pressure roller that can abut against the traction roller 502 to increase friction.

[0256] In a particular embodiment of the machine including the calendering unit 600, which is especially advantageous for stable and low-interference continuous online operation, in the first substrate path section located between the unwinding position on the substrate roll 201 in the substrate uncoiler 200 and the entrance to the single or first lamination gap 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100*, at least one forced-drive traction roller 202; 308; 401 and at least one measuring roller 208; 307; 409 are provided for determining the web tension in order to determine the web tension. This is done in the first substrate path section between the position where the carrier substrate web, which is then provided with dry film 003; 003' on at least one side, exits from the single or downstream final lamination gap 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100* and the position where the web is exited from the single or downstream final lamination gap 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100* and the position where the web is exited from the entrance to the calender gap between the two calendering rollers 601; 602. In an advantageous improvement, a forced-drive traction roller 502 and / or measuring rollers 409; 507 are provided in a third substrate path section between the exit position of the carrier substrate web 006, which is provided with dry film 003; 003' on at least one side, from the calendering gap and the position where it is wound onto the product roll 501 in the product winding machine 500, for determining the web tension.

[0257] Preferably, a web tension adjustment device (not shown here) is provided, which is connected on the input side to each of the measuring rollers 208; 307; 409 disposed in the first and second substrate path sections, and on the output side to the drive controller of a control roller drive device of each of the traction rollers 202; 308; 401 disposed in the first and second substrate path sections. The web tension adjustment device has, in particular, a data processing and / or electronic switching mechanism configured to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference between the two substrate path extensions by appropriate control of the drives of one or more traction rollers 202; 308; 401. In the improved embodiment, the web tension adjustment device can also be connected on the input side to one or more measuring rollers 409 and 507 disposed in the third substrate path section, and on the output side to a drive controller of one or more control-related traction rollers 502 disposed in the third substrate path section, and can thereby adjust, for example, with respect to a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined difference in web tension with respect to the substrate path section disposed upstream.

[0258] For an implementation of the machine that does not have a calendering unit downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, the above description of the configuration of the signal connection and web tension adjustment device can be applied to each of the measuring rollers and traction rollers 208; 307; 409; 507; 202; 308; 401; 502 in the substrate path segments between the unwinding section and the first application point of the application stage 100; 100*, between the only or last application point of the dry film application point of the application stage 100; 100*, and between the winding section in the winding machine 500.

[0259] As an alternative to designing the machine to have a product receiving section 500 designed as a winding machine 500, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a cross-cutting device can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or at the entrance of the product receiving section 500, by which the product strip 002 manufactured in the machine can be cross-cut into product segments 001. Here, the product receiving section 500 is designed, for example, as a stacking cantilever, and in particular, as a multi-stacking cantilever that feeds multiple stacks sequentially to each other.

[0260] In the aforementioned machine and / or apparatus 100; 100*, for example, a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 is continuously and preferably provided on both sides with dry films 003; 003' with a width smaller than the width of the carrier substrate, such that the carrier substrate retains uncoated edges on both sides.

[0261] List of reference numerals

[0262] 001 Product, final product, product segment, electrode unit, electrode

[0263] 002 Products, intermediate products, product strips, electrode strips

[0264] 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0265] 003' Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0266] 004 Powdered materials, powder mixtures (especially dry ones)

[0267] 004' Powdered materials, powder mixtures (especially dry ones)

[0268] 005 -

[0269] 006 Carrier substrate in the form of a web, carrier substrate web, current conductor substrate, current conductor film

[0270] 007 Mediums, primers, adhesives, and bonding agents that facilitate or enable connection.

[0271] 007' Medium, primer, adhesive, or bonding agent that assists or enables connection

[0272] 008 Components, material strips, edge strips

[0273] 100 Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, lamination assembly, lamination unit

[0274] 100* Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, lamination assembly, lamination unit

[0275] 101 First Application Unit

[0276] 101' Second application unit

[0277] 102 First Roller, Measuring Roller

[0278] 102' First roller, dispensing roller

[0279] 103 Second roll, laminating roll, and final pressing roll

[0280] 103' Second roll, laminating roll, final pressing roll

[0281] 104 First gap, film-forming gap, dispensing gap, roller gap, pressing section

[0282] 104' First gap, film-forming gap, dispensing gap, roller gap, pressing section

[0283] 105 -

[0284] 106 rollers, pressure rollers

[0285] 106' roller, pressure roller

[0286] 107 Second gap, application gap, lamination gap

[0287] 107' Second gap, application gap, lamination gap

[0288] 108 Wedge-shaped part, space

[0289] 109 Position-based adjustment drive device

[0290] 109' Position-based adjustment drive

[0291] 110 -

[0292] 111 Force-based adjustment drive device

[0293] 111' Force-based adjustment drive device

[0294] 112 Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0295] 112' Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0296] 113 Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing

[0297] 113' Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing

[0298] 114 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0299] 114' Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0300] 115 -

[0301] 116 Removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0302] 116' Removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0303] 117 Collection device, collection tank

[0304] 117' Collection device, collection tank

[0305] 118 Other rolls, calendering rolls

[0306] 118' Other rolls, calendering rolls

[0307] 119 -

[0308] 120 -

[0309] 121 Substrate guiding element, guide roller, deflection roller

[0310] 122 Carrier, side components (base frame)

[0311] 122' Carrier, side components (base frame)

[0312] 123 Suction Section

[0313] 123' Suction section

[0314] 124 Boundary and side shields

[0315] 125 -

[0316] 126 Fill and / or storage space

[0317] 127 Material Removal Part

[0318] 127' Material Removal Part

[0319] 128 racks (application stage)

[0320] 129 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0321] 200 Substrate conveyor, substrate unwinder, and roll changing device

[0322] 201 Rolls, Substrate Rolls

[0323] 202 Forced-drive substrate guide element, roller, traction roller

[0324] 203 Substrate guide element, oscillating roller

[0325] 204 Web Edge Controller

[0326] 205 -

[0327] 206 Adhesive bonding device, bonding table

[0328] 207 Traction mechanism, pulling mechanism

[0329] 208 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0330] 300 Upstream side, conveying side first substrate path segment, feeding section

[0331] 301 Substrate Guide Elements, Rollers, Guide Rollers, Deflection Rollers

[0332] 302 pretreatment station, cleaning station, deionization station

[0333] 303 Measurement Station (Carrier Substrate Thickness)

[0334] 304 Pre-treatment Station, Application Station

[0335] 305 -

[0336] 306 Thermal pretreatment station, temperature control station, infrared radiation source

[0337] 307 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0338] 308 Forced-drive substrate guide element, roller, traction roller

[0339] 309 Traction Mechanism

[0340] 310 -

[0341] 311 Sensors, Temperature Sensors

[0342] 400 Downstream side, discharge side, second substrate path segment, conveying section

[0343] 401 Forced-drive substrate guide element, roller, traction roller

[0344] 402 Cooling device

[0345] 402* Cooling device (alternative or additional)

[0346] 403 Inspection Device

[0347] 404 Stainless Steel Substrate Guide Elements, Rollers, Guide Rollers, Deflection Rollers

[0348] 405 -

[0349] 406 Web tension compensation and / or adjustment device

[0350] 407 Swing Roller

[0351] 408 Measuring Station (Product Strip Thickness)

[0352] 409 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0353] 410 -

[0354] 411 Traction Mechanism

[0355] 412 Defect Marking Device

[0356] 500 Product receiving section, product winding machine, winding changer

[0357] 501 Product receiving section, reel, product reel

[0358] 502 Forced-drive substrate guide element, traction roller

[0359] 503 Swing Roller

[0360] 504 cooling device, substrate guiding element, roller, cooling roller

[0361] 504.1 Cooling Roller

[0362] 504.2 Cooling Roller

[0363] 505 -

[0364] 506 Traction Mechanism

[0365] 507 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0366] 508 sensor, temperature sensor

[0367] 600 calendering unit, assembly, calendering assembly

[0368] 600* Calendering unit (replacement or addition), assembly, calendering assembly

[0369] 601 Heated first roll, calendering roll

[0370] 601* First roll, calendering roll (replacement or addition)

[0371] 602 Heated second roll, calendering roll

[0372] 602* Second roll, calendering roll (replacement or addition)

[0373] 603 Rack (Caulking Assembly)

[0374] 700 Apparatus for conveying powdered materials, powder conveying device

[0375] 700' Device for conveying powdered materials, powder conveying device

[0376] 701 Output device, dispensing device, dispensing unit with vibration drive, dispensing vibrator

[0377] 702 Feeding device, linear feeder, linear feeding system, feed belt, feed belt system

[0378] 702.1 First linear feeder, first feed belt

[0379] 702.2 Second linear feeder, second feed belt

[0380] 703 Supply equipment, conveying pipelines, storage containers, storage hoppers

[0381] 704 Metering Mechanism, Linear Feeder, Vibratory Feeder

[0382] 705 rollers, steering rollers, drive rollers

[0383] 706 Tremor Table

[0384] 707 Drive mechanism, drive device, vibration drive device, vibration drive device

[0385] 708 Removal device, removal scraper

[0386] 709 Drive mechanism, drive motor

[0387] 710 -

[0388] 711 Introducing auxiliary devices and hopper troughs

[0389] 712 Drive mechanism, drive motor, servo motor

[0390] 712.1 Drive mechanism, drive motor, servo motor

[0391] 712.1 Drive mechanism, drive motor, servo motor

[0392] 713 Sensors, Level Sensors, Ultrasonic Sensors

[0393] 714 Sensor, Level Sensor, Floor Height Sensor

[0394] 715 Drive mechanism, adjustment drive device

[0395] 716 Lateral boundary, lateral guide

[0396] 717 Lateral boundary, lateral guide

[0397] 718 -

[0398] 719 Drive mechanism, adjustment drive device

[0399] 720 -

[0400] 721 dispensing mechanism

[0401] 722 Drive mechanism, adjusting motor

[0402] 722.x Drive mechanism, adjusting motor

[0403] 723 Adjustment components, baffles, sliders

[0404] 723.x Adjustment elements, baffle segments, slider segments, and adjustment element segments

[0405] 724 Control and / or regulating devices

[0406] 725 -

[0407] 726 Sensor devices, powder flow sensor devices, light barriers, gratings

[0408] 727 Radiation source, light source

[0409] 727.x Expanding radiation sources, light sources, luminous strips

[0410] 728 Sensors, radiation receivers, photodiodes, phototransistors

[0411] 728.x Expanded sensor, radiation receiver, radiation receiver segment, radiation receiver array, photodiode array, line scan camera

[0412] 729 Circuit devices, dead-time devices

[0413] 730 -

[0414] 731 sensor devices, powder flow sensor devices

[0415] 731.x sensor devices, powder flow sensor devices

[0416] 732 Impact components, impact plates, steering gear

[0417] 732.x Impact components, impact plates, steering gear

[0418] 733 sensor, force sensor

[0419] 733.x Expanded sensors, force sensors, force sensor arrays

[0420] 744 Dispensing Device

[0421] 745 -

[0422] 746 Crossbeam

[0423] 747 Dispensing tools, dispensing finger components

[0424] 748 Depressions and grooves

[0425] 749 Drive Mechanism

[0426] 750 -

[0427] 751 Containers, Vibration Tanks

[0428] 752 Opening

[0429] 753 Bottom

[0430] 754 Level Sensor, Sensor

[0431] 755 -

[0432] 756 Conveying channel, filling connector, filling cylinder, pipe

[0433] 756.1 Channel Segmentation

[0434] 756.2 Channel Segmentation

[0435] 757 Export

[0436] 758 Guide section, longitudinal edge

[0437] 759 Level Sensor

[0438] 760 -

[0439] 761 Sensors, Cameras, Line Scan Cameras

[0440] 762 Adjusting elements, valves, ball valves or spool valves, pinch valves

[0441] 763 Adjustment drive device, proportional drive device

[0442] 764 Opening

[0443] 765 -

[0444] 766 tubes

[0445] 767 partition wall

[0446] 768 slide, spindle slide

[0447] 769 Threaded Spindle

[0448] 770 -

[0449] 771 Drive mechanism, motor, servo motor (reversible)

[0450] 772 Connecting parts, shafts

[0451] 773 Support components and retaining components

[0452] 801 Measurement structure used to determine density

[0453] 802 Weighing devices, scales

[0454] 803 Weighing containers, weighing pans

[0455] 804 Optical sensors, cameras, line scan cameras

[0456] 805 -

[0457] 806 Ultrasonic, inductive, and capacitive measuring devices

[0458] 807 Control Device

[0459] 808 Separation device, outlet device, turnout component, diversion component

[0460] 809 scale

[0461] 810 -

[0462] 811 Data Processing Agency

[0463] 812 Display devices, displays

[0464] 813 Angular Position Sensor

[0465] 814 Drive mechanism, tilt drive device

[0466] 815 -

[0467] 816 Material receiving section, container

[0468] 817 Turnout tongue, slider, bottom

[0469] 818 Drive mechanism, cylinder-piston system

[0470] b width

[0471] d Thickness, layer thickness

[0472] b003 (003; 003') width

[0473] b006 (006) width

[0474] b008 (008) width

[0475] d003 (003) thickness, layer thickness

[0476] d003' (003') thickness, layer thickness

[0477] d006 (006) thickness

[0478] d008 (008) thickness, layer thickness

[0479] F Measurement parameters, force

[0480] Fx Measurement parameters, forces

[0481] I. Measurement parameters, radiation intensity

[0482] Ix measurement parameters, radiation intensity

[0483] φ angular position

[0484] ρ density

[0485] r radius

[0486] m mass

[0487] R12 regulating circuit

[0488] R14 regulating circuit

[0489] R15 regulating circuit

[0490] R17 regulating circuit

[0491] R34 regulating circuit

[0492] R35 regulating circuit

[0493] R37 regulating circuit

[0494] R82 regulating circuit

[0495] R85 regulating circuit

[0496] S1 signal connection, sensor signal

[0497] S2 signal connection, control signal

[0498] S3 signal connection, sensor signal

[0499] S4 signal connection, control signal

[0500] S5 signal connection, control signal

[0501] S6 signal connection, control signal

[0502] S7 signal connection, control signal

[0503] S8 signal connection, sensor signal

[0504] s section line

[0505] t time

[0506] t1 First time point

[0507] t2 Second time point

[0508] T S (Transmission direction of carrier substrate 006)

[0509] T P (Feeding direction of powdered material 004)

[0510] V represents the parameter of machine speed.

Claims

1. A coating apparatus for coating a dry film onto a carrier substrate (006) using at least one application unit, wherein, by means of the application unit, a powdered material can first be processed into a dry film under applied pressure, and then the dry film can be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate (006) as a powder composite film, wherein, The application unit includes a powder conveying device for conveying powdered material, a first roller, and a second roller forming a first roller gap with the first roller. A filling and / or storage space (126) is constructed and / or provided in the region of a wedge-shaped portion (108) formed between the shell surfaces of the first and second rollers above the first roller gap, in which powdered material can be conveyed by an output device (701) included in the powder conveying device. A second roller gap is formed in the pressing portion between the shell surface of the second roller, or a roller adjacent to the second roller, or indirectly cooperating with one or more other rollers and acting as a laminating roller, and the shell surface of the roller acting as a pressing roller. A carrier substrate (006) can be guided through the second roller gap and loaded thereon with a dry film formed through the first roller gap. The output device (701) is characterized by having a vibration drive device (707) capable of... A vibrating container (751) having a bottom (753) and an opening (752) in the bottom (753) of the container (751) being directly connected to a conveying channel (756) on the output side, through which powdered material can be output from the container (751) to a filling and / or storage space (126) located below the container, and a storage container (703) having an outlet (757) through which the vibrating container (751) can be supplied with powdered material, wherein the outlet (757) of the storage container (703) is arranged to be spaced apart from the opening (752) when viewed in the horizontal direction, and the conveying channel (756) on the output side is connected by the outlet to the filling and / or storage space (126) in a wedge (108) constructed above the gap between the shell surfaces of the first and second rollers.

2. The coating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second application unit is provided, in which powdered material can be introduced into the second application unit by another powder conveying device, and a second dry film can be formed in the second application unit. Subsequently, the second dry film can be applied to another second side of the carrier substrate (006). In the second application unit, a first roller and a second roller are also provided in such a way that the second rollers of the two application units together form a second roller gap, the carrier substrate (006) can be guided through the second roller gap, and at the same time, the dry film formed by passing through the corresponding first roller gap can be loaded on both sides.

3. The coating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A level sensor (754) is provided above the bottom (753) which has an opening (752).

4. The coating apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The material level in the container (751) can be monitored by means of a material level sensor (754).

5. The coating apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The level sensor (754) is arranged above the opening (752) and / or can be used to monitor the level of material in or above the container (751) and / or the conveying channel (756).

6. The coating apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The level sensor (754) is arranged such that the level in the container (751) can be monitored in a region up to 20 mm from the opening (752) and / or in a region upstream of the inlet of the opening (752).

7. The coating apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The level sensor (754) is designed to monitor the level and / or adjust the level to a defined horizontal height within a continuous area.

8. The coating apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The level sensor (754) is designed to operate based on non-contact measurement principles and / or on acoustic waves and / or electromagnetic waves.

9. The coating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, An opening (752) covering the conveying width is provided in the bottom (753) and a conveying channel (756) connected to the opening and covering the conveying width, wherein the conveying width corresponds to the storage width of the filling and / or storage space (126) defined on both sides in terms of width and formed above the first roller gap with a maximum deviation of ±10%.

10. The coating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Viewed from the direction of the first roller gap, multiple openings (752) and corresponding conveying channels (756) are arranged side by side.

11. The coating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The container (751) is designed in the form of a vibration groove and / or has a surrounding wall.

12. The coating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The outlet (757) of the storage container (703) is located in or above the vibrating container (751) and at a height above the bottom (753) of the vibrating container.

13. The coating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A drive mechanism is provided, by which the distance between the storage container (703) and / or the outlet (757) included by the storage container (703) and the bottom (753) of the container (751) designed in the form of a vibration groove can be changed.

14. The coating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The container (751) is designed as a vibrating groove with a surrounding wall greater than 10 mm in height, and the outlet (757) of the storage container (703) is located at a height above the bottom (753): allowing powdered material to flow into the vibrating groove, while the outlet (757) is located below the horizontal position of the maximum possible filling height determined by the wall of the vibrating groove.

Images