Crushing mechanism and sophora alopecuroide feed preparation device

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed preparation device, and discloses a crushing mechanism and a sophora alopecuroide feed preparation device. The crushing mechanism comprises a crushing shell (1), a crushing cavity (101) is formed in the crushing shell (1), a feeding port (102) and a discharging port (103) are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the crushing cavity (101) respectively, the crushing cavity (101) is provided with a crushing roller (2) and a filter plate (3) arranged below the crushing roller (2), and the filter plate (3) can linearly reciprocate in the crushing cavity (101) in the vertical direction. By arranging the filter plate (3) capable of moving up and down in a reciprocating mode, the situation that disintegrating slag is attached to the filter plate (3) can be effectively reduced, the situation that large particles which are not completely smashed block filter holes (306) of the filter plate (3) can also be effectively reduced, and the smashing and screening effects are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a feed preparation device, in particular to a sophora alopecuroides feed preparation device. Background Art

[0002] Sophora alopecuroides, commonly found in the northwest region, contain not only a variety of alkaloids with medicinal and health benefits, but also a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, and flavonoids, making them a highly nutritious livestock feed. However, since the alkaloids in sophora alopecuroides can cause poisoning in livestock, the sophora alopecuroids are typically extracted and the residue fermented to create a high-protein organic feed to make them suitable for livestock consumption.

[0003] During the alkaloid extraction process, bitter beans require grinding and wetting. The cleaned bitter beans are crushed into a coarse powder, which is then passed through a filter plate for screening. Because bitter beans are legumes, the crushed particles are inevitably sticky and easily adhere to the filter plates, sticking to the filter holes. Furthermore, large particles that are not completely broken down can clog the filter holes, affecting the screening effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the prior art of a sophora alopecuroides feed preparation device and provides a crushing mechanism and a sophora alopecuroides feed preparation device.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions: The crushing mechanism includes a crushing shell, a crushing chamber is formed inside the crushing shell, and the upper and lower ends of the crushing chamber form a feed port and a discharge port respectively. The crushing chamber is provided with a crushing roller and a filter plate arranged below the crushing roller. The filter plate can perform linear reciprocating motion in the vertical direction in the crushing chamber.

[0006] Preferably, a filter plate mounting groove is provided on the side wall of the crushing shell in a strip shape and arranged longitudinally in the longitudinal direction. Filter plate mounting members are provided at both ends of the filter plate and are mounted in the filter plate mounting groove and are movable up and down along the longitudinal direction of the filter plate mounting groove. Support springs are provided on the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting groove for supporting the filter plate mounting members. The support springs can support the filter plate, so that the filter plate forms a vibrating plate for vibrating and cleaning the filter plate.

[0007] Preferably, a spring mounting column is provided on the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting groove, and a support spring is sleeved on the spring mounting column. A guide hole opening downward is provided on the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting piece, and the upper end of the spring mounting column is inserted into the guide hole when the filter plate mounting piece is installed in the filter plate mounting groove.

[0008] Preferably, a long clearance hole is provided on the bottom surface of the filter plate mounting groove, and a pressing wheel is mounted on the filter plate mounting member via a connecting shaft passing through the long clearance hole. The crushing roller includes a roller shaft with both ends extending out of the crushing shell. One end of the roller shaft constitutes a driving end connected to a drive motor, and the other end constitutes a transmission end, which is provided with a cam capable of pressing the pressing wheel downward. The filter plate moves up and down under the action of the crushing roller, thereby achieving real-time screening of the crushed material.

[0009] Preferably, the end surface of the filter plate mounting member facing the filter plate is configured as an inclined surface inclined toward the filter plate, and the connecting shaft is arranged on the end surface facing away from the filter plate.

[0010] Preferably, a filter hole cleaning assembly is provided within the crushing chamber and below the filter plate. The filter hole cleaning assembly comprises a mounting plate, on which cleaning seats corresponding one to each of the filter holes on the filter plate are mounted. The cleaning seats are provided with an air jet assembly capable of injecting air from the bottom up into the filter holes. The provision of the air jet assembly can clean residue from the inner walls and edges of the filter holes, further improving the filtration efficiency of the filter plate and reducing the risk of filter hole blockage.

[0011] Preferably, the air jet assembly comprises a sleeve with an open top and a bottom portion mounted on the cleaning seat. The sleeve is provided with an air bag having an air inlet communicating with the exterior of the sleeve. The sleeve also comprises an air jet head communicating with the air outlet of the air bag and capable of extending into the filter aperture. The air jet head directly extends into the filter aperture to clean the filter aperture, and during the extension process, may also push residue adhered to the sidewalls of the filter aperture, and then eject the residue out of the filter aperture under the action of the air jet, thereby converting the residue from an adhered state to a discrete state, thereby facilitating subsequent screening through the filter aperture.

[0012] Preferably, the nozzle is axially slidably connected to the sleeve, and a mounting cavity is formed in the middle of the nozzle, communicating with the interior of the sleeve. The mounting cavity houses an extrusion element for squeezing the airbag to eject air. The nozzle's upper end surface is constructed with an upwardly protruding insertion portion that can be inserted into the filter aperture. The insertion portion is provided with an air jet orifice that communicates with the air outlet of the airbag. The nozzle's structural design enables squeezing and releasing of the airbag through the upward and downward movement of the filter plate, thereby enabling continuous and real-time cleaning of the filter aperture.

[0013] Preferably, the insert portion is provided with an air passage opening downward, the air jet hole is connected to the air passage, and the air passage is connected to the air outlet of the airbag via a bellows. The air inlet of the airbag is provided with an air inlet check valve. The provision of the air inlet check valve enables the airbag to better clean the filter hole with air jets.

[0014] The bitter bean feed preparation device comprises the aforementioned crushing mechanism.

[0015] The present invention has significant technical effects due to the adoption of the above technical solutions: The present invention provides a filter plate that can reciprocate up and down, which can effectively reduce the adhesion of debris on the filter plate and effectively reduce the blockage of the filter holes of the filter plate by large particles that are not completely crushed, thereby providing crushing and screening effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 sectional view.

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of part A.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the filter plate and the filter plate cleaning component in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle filter plate cleaning component.

[0022] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Example 1 In this embodiment, a device for preparing bitter bean feed is provided. Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, it includes a crushing mechanism for crushing the bitter bean, an extraction mechanism for extracting alkaloids from the crushed material, and a fermentation device for fermenting the residue after the alkaloids are extracted. After fermentation, bitter bean feed is prepared. This embodiment does not involve the extraction and fermentation of alkaloids, and will not be described in detail here.

[0025] In this embodiment, a specific bitter bean crushing mechanism is provided, including a crushing shell 1, a crushing chamber 101 is formed inside the crushing shell 1, and a feed port 102 and a discharge port 103 are formed at the upper and lower ends of the crushing chamber 101, respectively. In order to better discharge the material and better install the crushing mechanism, in this embodiment, a mounting bracket for installing the crushing mechanism is also provided at the bottom, and the discharge port 103 is raised to facilitate the collection of the material discharged from the discharge port 103.

[0026] In this embodiment, the crushing chamber 101 is provided with a crushing roller 2 and a filter plate 3 provided below the crushing roller 2 . The filter plate 3 can perform linear reciprocating motion in the vertical direction within the crushing chamber 101 .

[0027] Among them, a long filter plate mounting groove 104 is provided on the side wall of the crushing shell 1 and is longitudinally arranged in the length direction. Both ends of the filter plate 3 are provided with filter plate mounting parts 301 which are installed in the filter plate mounting groove 104 and can move up and down along the length direction of the filter plate mounting groove 104. A support spring 302 is provided on the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting groove 104 for supporting the filter plate mounting part 301.

[0028] A long clearance hole 105 is provided on the bottom surface of the filter plate mounting groove 104, and a pressing wheel 305 is installed on the filter plate mounting part 301 through a connecting shaft 206 that passes through the long clearance hole 105. The crushing roller 2 includes a roller shaft 201 with both ends extending out of the crushing shell 1, one end of the roller shaft 201 constitutes a driving end 202, and the driving end 202 is connected to a driving motor 205, and the other end constitutes a transmission end 203, and the transmission end 203 is provided with a cam 204 that can squeeze the pressing wheel 305 downward.

[0029] In this embodiment, two crushing rollers 2 are arranged in parallel. The driving motor 205 rotates the crushing rollers 2 via a transmission belt. A transmission gear can be provided between the two crushing rollers 2 to achieve synchronous anti-phase rotation of the two.

[0030] A crushing cutter disc 207 is provided on the crushing roller 2, and the common crushing roller 2 can be used to crush the bitter beans. The crushed fragments fall onto the filter plate 3, and most of the fragments will be screened to the discharge port 103 through the filter hole 306. A small amount of fragments that do not meet the required size will be thrown upward under the action of the up and down reciprocating movement of the filter plate 3 and inertia, so that they are crushed for the second time by the crushing roller 2, and the blockage of the filter hole 306 can be reduced.

[0031] During the specific working process, the driving motor 205 drives the crushing roller 2 to rotate. The cam 204 of the transmission end 203 of the crushing roller 2 will overcome the elastic force of the supporting spring 302 during the rotation and squeeze the pressing wheel 305 downward. The pressing wheel 305 drives the filter plate mounting part 301 to move downward. When the cam 204 rotates one circle, the filter plate 3 will reset upward under the elastic force of the supporting spring 302. The speed of the crushing roller 2 is set so that the cam 204 can squeeze and release the filter plate 3 at the required speed. With the action of the supporting spring 302, the filter plate 3 has a certain vibration effect, so that the crushed materials on it can be thrown upward, reducing the blockage of the filter hole 306 and crushing it again.

[0032] A spring mounting post 303 is provided on the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting groove 104, and a support spring 302 is sleeved on the spring mounting post 303. A downwardly opening guide hole 304 is provided on the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting member 301. When the filter plate mounting member 301 is installed in the filter plate mounting groove 104, the upper end of the spring mounting post 303 is inserted into the guide hole 304. The cooperation between the filter plate mounting member 301 and the spring mounting post 303 enables the filter plate 3 to be installed on the side wall of the crushing shell 1. The spring mounting post 303 can be fixed to the lower end of the filter plate mounting groove 104 by means of a screw hole provided in the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting groove 104.

[0033] The height of the filter plate mounting groove 104 is higher than the height of the long strip giving hole 105. When installing the filter plate 3, the filter plate mounting piece 301 is first installed in the filter plate mounting groove 104, that is, the filter plate mounting piece 301 is inserted into the filter plate mounting groove 104 from the upper end of the filter plate mounting groove 104, and then moved downward to make it sleeved on the spring mounting column 303. After the filter plate mounting pieces 301 on both sides are set, the filter plate 3 is installed upward from the discharge port 103 at the lower end of the shell, and finally the filter plate 3 is fixed to the filter plate mounting piece 301 by bolts. The stamp installation method is adopted, which can facilitate the installation and removal of the filter plate 3. When the crushed material on the filter plate 3 is accumulated too much and cannot be screened after working for a long time, the filter plate 3 can be removed from the crushing shell 1 for cleaning.

[0034] In this embodiment, the end face of the filter plate mounting member 301 facing the filter plate 3 is constructed as an inclined surface inclined toward the filter plate 3, and the connecting shaft 206 is arranged on the end face facing away from the filter plate 3. The pressing wheel 305 is connected to the filter plate mounting member 301 through the connecting shaft 206, and the two are connected in a detachable manner, such as a threaded connection between the pressing wheel 305 and the connecting shaft 206 or a threaded connection between the connecting shaft 206 and the filter plate mounting member 301, etc., which can better realize the installation and disassembly of parts.

[0035] Although the up and down movement of the filter plate 3 can reduce the risk of clogging of the filter hole 306, it is more effective for crushing slightly larger particles that are not completely crushed. The fine residue generated during the crushing process, especially the fine residue with a certain amount of moisture, will adhere to the filter hole 306 and is difficult to remove by this vibration method.

[0036] Therefore, in order to further clean the filter plate 3, prevent the filter holes 306 from clogging, and further reduce the adhesion of bean dregs to the filter holes 306, this embodiment also provides a filter hole cleaning assembly 4. The filter hole cleaning assembly 4 is arranged in the crushing chamber 101 and below the filter plate 3. The filter hole cleaning assembly 4 includes an assembly mounting plate 401. The assembly mounting plate 401 is equipped with a cleaning seat 402 corresponding to the filter holes 306 on the filter plate 3. The cleaning seat 402 is equipped with an air injection assembly capable of injecting air from the bottom up into the filter holes 306. The upper end surface of the assembly mounting plate 401 is designed as a downwardly inclined surface, which can enable the crushed material passing through the filter plate 3 to fall from the inclined surface to the discharge port 103.

[0037] Among them, the jet assembly includes a sleeve 403 with its bottom mounted on the cleaning seat 402 and open at the upper end. The sleeve 403 is provided with an air inlet 412 and an air bag 404 connected to the outside of the sleeve 403. The air inlet 412 of the air bag 404 is provided with an air inlet check valve. The air inlet check valve can adopt a common air valve, which is connected to the air inlet 412 by a thread, so that the gas can enter the air bag 404 from the air inlet 412, but cannot flow out of the air bag 404 from the air inlet 412. Then, when the air bag 404 is compressed, the air outlet 413 can better spray the filter hole 306, and then clean the filter hole 306 in real time.

[0038] This embodiment also includes an air jet head 405 that communicates with the air outlet 413 of the airbag 404 and can be inserted into the filter hole 306. The air jet head 405 is axially slidably connected to the sleeve 403. A mounting cavity 406 is formed in the middle of the air jet head 405 and communicates with the interior of the sleeve 403. An extrusion member 407 is located within the mounting cavity 406 for squeezing the airbag 404 to produce air. The upper end surface of the air jet head 405 is configured with an upwardly protruding insertion portion 408 that can be inserted into the filter hole 306. The insertion portion 408 is provided with an air jet hole 409 that communicates with the air outlet 413 of the airbag 404.

[0039] To reduce the chance of debris falling directly into the airbag 404, the air jet hole 409 is designed to be L-shaped. Even if debris does fall into the air jet hole 409, it will not fall directly into the airbag 404 and will still be ejected from the air jet hole 409 under subsequent air pressure. A downward-opening air passage 410 is provided within the insert 408. The air jet hole 409 communicates with the air passage 410, which is then connected to the air outlet 413 of the airbag 404 via a bellows 411.

[0040] The extrusion piece 407 is connected to the nozzle head 405. When the filter plate 3 moves downward under the action of the cam 204, it moves toward the nozzle head 405, so that the insertion portion 408 extends into the filter hole 306. Then the filter plate 3 further squeezes the nozzle head 405 so that the nozzle head 405 moves downward relative to the sleeve 403. During the descending process of the nozzle head 405, the extrusion piece 407 on it squeezes the air bag 404, so that the gas in the air bag 404 is ejected through the outlet 413 and the bellows 411 through the jet hole 409. The gas cleans the residue in the filter hole 306 in real time and continuously to prevent it from adhering to the filter hole 306, thereby effectively cleaning the filter hole 306. After the filter plate 3 moves upward under the action of the support spring 302, the squeezing of the nozzle head 405 is released, and the insertion portion 408 of the nozzle head 405 is removed from the filter hole 306. At this time, the filter hole 306 can pass the material, and at the same time, the air inlet 412 of the air bag 404 takes in air, the air bag 404 recovers, and the nozzle head 405 moves upward relative to the sleeve 403 and returns to its initial state.

[0041] It is easy to understand that those skilled in the art can combine, split, reorganize, etc. the embodiments of the present application based on one or several embodiments provided in the present application to obtain other embodiments, and these embodiments do not exceed the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] In short, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crushing mechanism, comprising a crushing shell (1), wherein a crushing chamber (101) is formed inside the crushing shell (1), and a feed inlet (102) and a discharge outlet (103) are formed at the upper and lower ends of the crushing chamber (101), respectively, and characterized in that: The crushing chamber (101) is provided with a crushing roller (2) and a filter plate (3) arranged below the crushing roller (2), and the filter plate (3) is capable of performing linear reciprocating motion in a vertical direction within the crushing chamber (101).

2. The crushing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter plate mounting groove (104) having a long strip shape and arranged longitudinally in the length direction is provided on the side wall of the crushing shell (1); filter plate mounting members (301) are provided at both ends of the filter plate (3) and are mounted in the filter plate mounting groove (104) and are capable of moving up and down along the length direction of the filter plate mounting groove (104); and a support spring (302) for supporting the filter plate mounting member (301) is provided on the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting groove (104).

3. The crushing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: A spring mounting column (303) is provided on the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting groove (104), and a support spring (302) is sleeved on the spring mounting column (303). A guide hole (304) opening downward is provided on the lower end surface of the filter plate mounting member (301). When the filter plate mounting member (301) is installed in the filter plate mounting groove (104), the upper end of the spring mounting column (303) is inserted into the guide hole (304).

4. The crushing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: A long clearance hole (105) is provided on the bottom surface of the filter plate mounting groove (104), and a pressing wheel (305) is installed on the filter plate mounting member (301) via a connecting shaft (206) passing through the long clearance hole (105). The crushing roller (2) includes a roller shaft (201) with both ends extending out of the crushing shell (1). One end of the roller shaft (201) constitutes a driving end (202), and the driving end (202) is connected to a driving motor (205). The other end constitutes a transmission end (203), and the transmission end (203) is provided with a cam (204) capable of pressing the pressing wheel (305) downward.

5. The crushing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The end surface of the filter plate mounting member (301) facing the filter plate (3) is configured as an inclined surface inclined toward the filter plate (3), and the connecting shaft (206) is arranged on the end surface facing away from the filter plate (3).

6. The crushing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter hole cleaning assembly (4) is provided in the crushing chamber (101) and below the filter plate (3). The filter hole cleaning assembly (4) comprises an assembly mounting plate (401). A cleaning seat (402) corresponding one-to-one to the filter holes (306) on the filter plate (3) is mounted on the assembly mounting plate (401). An air jet assembly capable of jetting air from bottom to top to the filter holes (306) is provided on the cleaning seat (402).

7. The crushing mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The jet assembly includes a sleeve (403) whose bottom is mounted on the cleaning seat (402) and whose upper end is open, an air bag (404) which is provided with an air inlet (412) and communicates with the outside of the sleeve (403), and an air jet head (405) which is communicated with the air outlet (413) of the air bag (404) and can extend into the filter hole (306).

8. The crushing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nozzle (405) is axially slidably connected to the sleeve (403), and a mounting cavity (406) is formed in the middle of the nozzle head (405) and is communicated with the interior of the sleeve (403). An extrusion member (407) for extruding the airbag (404) for jetting is provided in the mounting cavity (406). The upper end surface of the nozzle head (405) is constructed with an insertion portion (408) that protrudes upward and can be inserted into the filter hole (306). The insertion portion (408) is provided with a jet hole (409) that is communicated with the air outlet (413) of the airbag (404).

9. The crushing mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: An air passage (410) opening downward is provided in the insertion portion (408), the air jet hole (409) is in communication with the air passage (410), the air passage (410) is connected to the air outlet (413) of the airbag (404) via a bellows (411), and an air inlet check valve is provided at the air inlet (412) of the airbag (404).

10. Sophora alopecuroides feed preparation device, characterized by: It comprises the crushing mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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