Deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, settlement monitoring system and method

Abstract

This application provides a deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, a settlement monitoring system, and a method thereof. The deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation includes: a protective cushion layer disposed on the inner bottom surface of the foundation pit; and a wind turbine pile body, comprising a first column, a frustum, and a second column. The first column is disposed on the upper surface of the protective cushion layer. The frustum has a through hole from top to bottom in its middle portion that matches the second main column, and its lower surface is disposed on the upper surface of the first column. The bottom end of the second main column is embedded in the through hole, and its top end is the top surface of the frustum. The upper surface of the second column is used to install the wind turbine tower. This application increases the contact area between the wind turbine pile body and the backfill material, further improving the stability of the entire wind turbine pile body within the foundation pit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wind turbine foundation settlement monitoring technology, and in particular to a settlement monitoring system and method for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps. Background Technology

[0002] Deep spoil heaps refer to large sites formed by piling up waste rock or tailings during open-pit mining. Utilizing deep spoil heap resources for wind power construction can achieve efficient waste utilization and promote the innovation and development of wind power technology. Since deep spoil heaps are usually located in areas with complex geological conditions, such as soft soil, permafrost, or areas affected by hydrology, these geological conditions can easily lead to foundation settlement. For example, natural factors such as permafrost thawing and changes in groundwater levels can cause foundation settlement problems, while human factors such as excavation and mining can also exacerbate foundation settlement. Furthermore, the wind turbine foundation is a crucial structure supporting the entire wind turbine generator, and its stability directly affects the safe operation of the wind turbine. If the wind turbine foundation settles or settles unevenly, it may lead to tower tilting, structural deformation, or even collapse, seriously threatening the safe operation of the wind turbine. Therefore, settlement monitoring of wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps is particularly necessary. Based on this, this application proposes a deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, a settlement monitoring system, and a method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a deep spoil heap fan foundation, a settlement monitoring system and method, to solve the technical problems described in the background section above.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this application provides a deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, comprising a foundation pit of a predetermined depth for installing the wind turbine foundation in a deep spoil heap, including: A protective padding layer is disposed on the inner bottom surface of the foundation pit; The wind turbine pile body includes a first column, a frustum and a second column; the first column is disposed on the upper surface of the protective pad layer, the middle part of the frustum has a through hole adapted to the second column from top to bottom and its lower surface is disposed on the upper surface of the first column, the bottom end of the second column is embedded in the through hole and its top end is higher than the top surface of the frustum. The upper surface of the second column is used to install the wind turbine tower.

[0005] Optionally, the first column is anchored to the protective pad layer by a first anchor rod, and both the frustum and the second column are anchored to the first column by a second anchor rod; The bottom ends of both the first anchor rod and the second anchor rod extend below the inner bottom surface of the foundation pit.

[0006] Optionally, the protective pad, the first column, the frustum, and the second column are all made of C40 or C35 grade concrete mixed with high-performance crack-resistant fibers.

[0007] Optionally, the diameter of the first column is 6 to 13 times the diameter of the second column.

[0008] Optionally, the inner wall of the foundation pit is provided with a reinforcement layer and an anchor mesh from the inside out.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a settlement monitoring system for deep spoil heap wind turbine foundations, used to monitor the settlement of any of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundations described above, including: a control device, multiple settlement monitoring points corresponding to the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, and displacement sensors, hydrostatic level, inclinometer, and vibration accelerometers corresponding to each of the settlement monitoring points. The displacement sensor is installed on the outer wall of the wind turbine tower to obtain the horizontal displacement value of the wind turbine foundation in the deep spoil heap relative to the reference point at the settlement monitoring point, and transmits the horizontal displacement value to the control device. The hydrostatic level is installed on the foundation of the deep spoil heap fan to obtain the vertical settlement of the foundation of the deep spoil heap fan relative to the benchmark point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point, and transmits the vertical settlement to the control device. Each settlement monitoring point corresponds to two inclinometers, which are respectively installed at the top and bottom of the wind turbine tower to obtain the inclination angle value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation relative to the reference point at the settlement monitoring point, and transmit the inclination angle value to the control device. The vibration accelerometer is installed at the top of the wind turbine tower to acquire the vibration value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation relative to the reference point at the settlement monitoring point corresponding to it, and to transmit the vibration value to the control device. The control device is used to receive the horizontal displacement value, the vertical settlement, the tilt angle value, and the vibration value, and compare them one by one with the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold stored in the historical database, and determine the settlement status of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation based on the comparison results.

[0010] Optionally, multiple settlement monitoring points are set at equal intervals around the deep spoil heap fan foundation.

[0011] Optionally, the reference point is set on the strongly weathered rock layer and at a preset distance from the foundation of the deep spoil heap fan; The preset distance is 3 to 8 times the burial depth of the deep spoil heap fan foundation.

[0012] Thirdly, this application provides a method for monitoring the settlement of wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps, applicable to the settlement monitoring system for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps described in any of the above claims, the method comprising: The horizontal displacement value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation relative to the benchmark point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point is obtained by the displacement sensor during a first preset time period, and the horizontal displacement value is transmitted to the control device. The vertical settlement of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the benchmark point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point is obtained by a hydrostatic level during a first preset time period, and the vertical settlement is transmitted to the control device. The tilt angle of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the benchmark point at the settlement monitoring point corresponding to it is obtained by the tilt meter during a first preset time period, and the tilt angle is transmitted to the control device. The vibration value of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the reference point at the settlement monitoring point corresponding to it is obtained by a vibration accelerometer during a first preset time period, and the vibration value is transmitted to the control device. The control device receives the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement, tilt angle value, and vibration value within the first preset time period and compares them one by one with preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold. If the difference between the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement value, tilt angle value, and vibration value and the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold is greater than the preset threshold, then the staff must take timely countermeasures for the deep spoil heap fan foundation.

[0013] Optionally, the method further includes: When the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement, tilt angle value, and vibration value are repeatedly acquired within the first preset time period, and the differences between the acquired results and the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold are stable within the preset range, then the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement value, tilt angle value, and vibration value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation within the second time period are monitored by the displacement sensor, the hydrostatic level, the inclinometer, and the vibration accelerometer. The second time period is at least three times the first preset time period.

[0014] 1) The deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation provided in this application involves creating a foundation pit in the deep spoil heap for installing the wind turbine foundation. Since the wind turbine foundation needs to be buried within the pit, a protective cushion layer is installed on the inner bottom surface of the pit to ensure the stability of the foundation installation. A first column is placed on the upper surface of the protective cushion layer, and the lower surface of a frustum with a through hole in the middle is placed on the upper surface of the first column. A second column passes through the through hole and connects to the frustum, thus forming the wind turbine pile body composed of the first column, the frustum, and the second column. The top of the second column, higher than the frustum, is used to install the wind turbine tower on its upper surface. The first column supports the entire wind turbine pile body, thereby ensuring the stability of the wind turbine pile body within the pit. The frustum increases the contact area between the wind turbine pile body and the backfill material, further improving the stability of the entire wind turbine pile body within the pit.

[0015] 2) The settlement monitoring system for deep spoil heap wind turbine foundations provided in this application sets up multiple settlement monitoring points corresponding to the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundations, along with displacement sensors, static levels, inclinometers, and vibration accelerometers for each monitoring point. These sensors, inclinometers, and accelerometers monitor the horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, tilt angle, and vibration values ​​of the corresponding monitoring points. The system transmits these values ​​to a control device, which then compares them against preset threshold values ​​stored in a historical database. Based on the comparison results, the system determines the settlement status of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation. The multiple monitoring points comprehensively reflect the settlement status of the foundation, facilitating appropriate interventions by staff to ensure its stability.

[0016] 3) The settlement monitoring method for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps provided in this application acquires horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, tilt angle, and vibration values ​​within a first preset time period. These values ​​are then compared one by one with preset thresholds for horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, tilt angle, and vibration. If the difference between the horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, tilt angle, and vibration values ​​and the preset thresholds exceeds the specified threshold, timely countermeasures are taken for the wind turbine foundation in the deep spoil heap. Otherwise, monitoring of the settlement of the wind turbine foundation in the deep spoil heap continues within the first preset time period. This method improves the comprehensiveness of settlement monitoring for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps and ensures their stability, enabling stable wind power generation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a deep spoil heap fan foundation set in a foundation pit, according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wind turbine pile body provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a structure provided in an embodiment of this application, showing a first anchor rod and a frustum on the first column and a second anchor rod on the second column in the wind turbine pile body; Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a foundation pit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between a displacement sensor, a static level, an inclinometer, and a vibration accelerometer and a control device, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] In the diagram: 100, foundation pit; 101, reinforcement layer; 102, anchor mesh; 200, protective cushion layer; 300, wind turbine pile body; 301, first column; 302, truncated pyramid; 303, second column; 400, first anchor bolt; 500, second anchor bolt; 600, control device; 601, displacement sensor; 602, static level; 603, inclinometer; 604, vibration accelerometer. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are also within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] Firstly, reference Figures 1 to 5 This application provides a deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, comprising a foundation pit 100 of a preset depth for installing the wind turbine foundation in a deep spoil heap, wherein the preset depth can be set according to actual needs, and this application does not specifically limit it.

[0022] A protective cushion layer 200 is installed on the inner bottom surface of the foundation pit 100. Since a deep spoil heap refers to a large area formed by piling up waste rock or tailings during open-pit mining, the foundation pit constructed on such a site may be uneven. Installing the protective cushion layer 200 on the inner bottom surface of the foundation pit ensures that the entire lower surface of the wind turbine foundation is on the same horizontal plane, thereby ensuring the stability of the wind turbine foundation within the foundation pit. The thickness of the protective cushion layer 200 can be set according to actual needs; therefore, this application does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0023] The wind turbine pile body 300 includes a first column 301, a truncated pyramid 302, and a second column 303. The first column 301 is disposed on the upper surface of the protective pad layer 200. The middle part of the truncated pyramid 302 has a through hole adapted to the second column 303 from top to bottom, and its lower surface is disposed on the upper surface of the first column 301. The bottom end of the second column 303 is embedded in the through hole, and its top end is higher than the top surface of the truncated pyramid 302. Since the first column 301 and the second column 303 have different shapes from the truncated pyramid 302, the contact area between the wind turbine pile body 300 formed by the sequential combination of the first column 301, the truncated pyramid 302, and the second column 303 from bottom to top is larger, thereby improving the stability of the wind turbine pile body 300 in the foundation pit 100.

[0024] The upper surface of the second column 303 is used to install the wind turbine tower. Since the stability of the wind turbine pile body 300 in the foundation pit 100 is improved, the stability of the wind turbine tower installed on the upper surface of the second column 303 is also improved accordingly.

[0025] The wind turbine foundation provided in this application is constructed by creating a foundation pit in the deep spoil heap for installing the wind turbine foundation. Since the wind turbine foundation needs to be buried in the foundation pit 100, a protective pad 200 is provided on the inner bottom surface of the foundation pit 100 to ensure the stability of the wind turbine foundation installation. A first column 301 is placed on the upper surface of the protective pad 200, and the lower surface of a truncated pyramid 302 with a through hole in the middle is placed on the upper surface of the first column 301. A second column 303 is inserted through the through hole and connected to the truncated pyramid 302, thereby forming a wind turbine pile body 300 composed of the first column 301, the truncated pyramid 302, and the second column 303. The top of the second column 303 is higher than the truncated pyramid 302 and is used to install the wind turbine tower on its upper surface. The first column 301 is used to support the entire wind turbine pile body 300, thereby ensuring the stability of the wind turbine pile body 300 in the foundation pit 100. The truncated pyramid 302 increases the contact area between the wind turbine pile body 300 and the backfill, further improving the stability of the entire wind turbine pile body 300 within the foundation pit 100.

[0026] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 In this application, the first column 301 is anchored to the protective pad 200 via a first anchor rod 400, and the truncated pyramid 302 and the second column 303 are both anchored to the first column 301 via second anchor rods 500. To ensure the stability of the anchorage between the first column 301 and the protective pad 200, multiple first anchor rods 400 are used. Similarly, to ensure the stability of the connection between the truncated pyramid 302 and the second column 303 and the first column 301, multiple second anchor rods 500 are used for each connection. Specifically, the number of first anchor rods 400 and the number of second anchor rods 500 can be set according to actual needs, and this application does not further limit their use.

[0027] The bottom ends of the first anchor bolt 400 and the second anchor bolt 500 both extend below the inner bottom surface of the foundation pit 100. To ensure the stability of the connection between the first column 301 anchored by the first anchor bolt 400 and the protective pad layer 200, the frustum 302 anchored by the second anchor bolt 500 and the first column 301, and the second column 303 anchored by the second anchor bolt 500 and the first column 301, the first anchor bolt 400 and the second anchor bolt 500 are both set below the rock layer in the foundation pit 100. The specific depth can be set according to actual needs, and this application does not specifically limit it.

[0028] In some embodiments, the protective cushion 200, the first column 301, the frustum 302, and the second column 303 in this application are all made of C40 or C35 grade concrete mixed with high-performance crack-resistant fibers.

[0029] In the above embodiments, the standard value of compressive strength for C40 concrete is ≥40MPa, while the standard value of compressive strength for C35 concrete is ≥35MPa (see GB50100-2010 "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" for details). High-performance crack-resistant fibers are a new type of material that can significantly improve the crack resistance of concrete. The fibers enhance the overall performance of concrete by filling cracks, changing crack direction, and delaying crack propagation. The compressive and flexural strengths of the protective cushion layer 200, the first column 301, the frustum 302, and the second column 303, prepared by mixing high-performance crack-resistant fibers with C40 or C35 grade concrete, are significantly improved, as detailed in Tables 1 to 4.

[0030] Table 1

[0031] Table 2

[0032] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, compared with the compressive and flexural strengths of the protective cushion 200, the first column 301, the frustum 302, and the second column 303 made solely of C35 grade concrete, the compressive and flexural strengths of the protective cushion 200, the first column 301, the frustum 302, and the second column 303 made of a mixture of C35 grade concrete and high-performance crack-resistant fibers are all improved. In other words, high-performance crack-resistant fibers can enhance the compressive and flexural strengths of the materials.

[0033] Table 3

[0034] Table 4

[0035] As shown in Tables 3 and 4, compared with the compressive and flexural strengths of the protective cushion 200, the first column 301, the frustum 302, and the second column 303 made of C40 grade concrete alone, the compressive and flexural strengths of the protective cushion 200, the first column 301, the frustum 302, and the second column 303 made of C40 grade concrete mixed with high-performance crack-resistant fibers are all improved. In other words, high-performance crack-resistant fibers can enhance the compressive and flexural strengths of the materials.

[0036] Depend on Figures 1 to 3 As can be seen, in some embodiments, the diameter of the first column 301 in this application is 6 to 13 times the diameter of the second column 303. The second column 303 is used to install and support the wind turbine tower, while the first column 301 mainly supports the entire wind turbine pile body 300 and the wind turbine tower. The fact that the diameter of the first column 301 is 6 to 13 times that of the second column 303 ensures that the contact area between the first column 301 and the protective pad 200 is sufficiently large, as is the contact area with the backfill material in the foundation pit 100, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire wind turbine pile body 300 and the wind turbine tower.

[0037] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4In this application, the inner wall of the foundation pit 100 is provided with a reinforcement layer 101 and an anchor mesh 102 from the inside out. Since a deep spoil heap refers to a large site formed by piling up waste rock or tailings during open-pit mining, the foundation pit 100 constructed on such a site may be uneven, and waste rock may even fall off the perimeter walls. By providing the reinforcement layer 101 and anchor mesh 102 from the inside out on the inner wall of the foundation pit 100, the falling of waste rock from the perimeter walls of the foundation pit 100 can be prevented, improving the safety and flatness of the wind turbine pile body 300 installation process, thereby ensuring the stability of the wind turbine pile body 300 within the foundation pit 100. Furthermore, the reinforcement layer 101 can be a concrete layer, which can be specifically designed according to actual needs, and this application does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0038] Secondly, refer to Figure 5 This application provides a settlement monitoring system for deep spoil heap wind turbine foundations, used to monitor the settlement of any of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundations described above. The system includes: a control device 600, multiple settlement monitoring points corresponding to the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, and a displacement sensor 601, a static level 602, an inclinometer 603, and a vibration accelerometer 604 corresponding to each settlement monitoring point. The specifications and models of the displacement sensor 601, static level 602, inclinometer 603, and vibration accelerometer 604 can be set according to actual needs, and this application does not specifically limit them.

[0039] The displacement sensor 601 is installed on the outer wall of the wind turbine tower to obtain the horizontal displacement value of the wind turbine foundation in the deep spoil heap relative to the benchmark point at the settlement monitoring point, and transmits the horizontal displacement value to the control device 600.

[0040] The static level 602 is set on the foundation of the deep spoil heap fan to obtain the vertical settlement of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the benchmark point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point, and transmits the vertical settlement to the control device 600.

[0041] Each settlement monitoring point corresponds to two inclinometers 603. The two inclinometers 603 are respectively installed at the top and bottom of the wind turbine tower to obtain the inclination angle value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation relative to the reference point for the corresponding settlement monitoring point, and transmit the inclination angle value to the control device 600.

[0042] Vibration accelerometer 604 is installed at the top of the wind turbine tower to obtain the vibration value of the wind turbine foundation in the deep spoil heap relative to the reference point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point, and transmits the vibration value to the control device 600.

[0043] The control device 600 receives horizontal displacement values, vertical settlement values, tilt angle values, and vibration values, and compares them one by one with preset horizontal displacement thresholds, vertical settlement thresholds, tilt angle thresholds, and vibration thresholds stored in a historical database. Based on the comparison results, it determines the settlement status of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation. The control device 600 is located in a control room near the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation. The control device 600 integrates a data processing unit and a historical database, as detailed in existing technologies, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0044] The settlement monitoring system for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps provided in this application involves setting up multiple settlement monitoring points corresponding to the wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps, and for each settlement monitoring point, a displacement sensor 601, a static level 602, an inclinometer 603, and a vibration accelerometer 604. The system monitors the horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, inclinometer angle, and vibration values ​​of the corresponding settlement monitoring points using the displacement sensor 601, static level 602, inclinometer 603, and vibration accelerometer 604, and transmits the horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, inclinometer angle, and vibration values. The data is transmitted to the control device 600, which compares the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement, tilt angle value, and vibration value with the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold stored in the historical database. Based on the comparison results, the settlement status of the deep spoil heap fan foundation is determined. The setting of multiple settlement monitoring points can comprehensively reflect the settlement status of the deep spoil heap fan foundation, making it easier for staff to take countermeasures against the settlement of the deep spoil heap fan foundation and ensure the stability of the deep spoil heap fan foundation.

[0045] In some embodiments, multiple settlement monitoring points in this application are set at equal intervals around the deep spoil heap fan foundation. This ensures the accuracy of the settlement monitoring results of the deep spoil heap fan foundation and allows the monitoring results to more comprehensively reflect the settlement of the deep spoil heap fan foundation.

[0046] In some embodiments, the reference point in this application is set on a strongly weathered rock layer at a predetermined distance from the foundation of the deep spoil heap fan; specifically, the predetermined distance is 3 to 8 times the burial depth of the deep spoil heap fan foundation. The specific value of the predetermined distance can be set according to actual needs, and this application does not impose a specific limitation on it.

[0047] In the above embodiments, since the benchmark point is set to monitor the settlement of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the benchmark point at the settlement monitoring point, that is, the benchmark point serves as a reference. Therefore, to ensure the accuracy of the settlement monitoring results of the deep spoil heap fan foundation, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the benchmark point (i.e., the position of the benchmark point should not move as much as possible during the settlement monitoring process of the deep spoil heap fan foundation). Since a deep spoil heap refers to a large site formed by piling up stripped waste rock or tailings during open-pit mining, the deep spoil heap is inherently unstable. Setting the benchmark point on a strongly weathered rock layer can improve the stability of the benchmark point, and the benchmark point is kept at a preset distance from the deep spoil heap fan foundation (the preset distance is 3 to 8 times the burial depth of the deep spoil heap fan foundation). This ensures that the position of the benchmark point is not affected by the settlement of the deep spoil heap fan foundation as much as possible, thereby maximizing the stability of the benchmark point's position.

[0048] Thirdly, this application provides a method for monitoring the settlement of wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps, applicable to the settlement monitoring system for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps described in any of the above claims, the method comprising: S701: The horizontal displacement value of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the benchmark point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point is obtained by the displacement sensor 601 within a first preset time period, and the horizontal displacement value is transmitted to the control device 600.

[0049] S702. The vertical settlement of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the benchmark point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point is obtained by the hydrostatic level 602 within a first preset time period, and the vertical settlement is transmitted to the control device 600.

[0050] S703. The tilt angle value of the deep spoil heap fan foundation at the corresponding settlement monitoring point relative to the benchmark point within a first preset time period is obtained by the tilt meter 603, and the tilt angle value is transmitted to the control device 600.

[0051] S704. The vibration value of the deep spoil heap fan foundation at the corresponding settlement monitoring point relative to the reference point within a first preset time period is obtained by the vibration accelerometer 604, and the vibration value is transmitted to the control device 600.

[0052] S705. The control device 600 receives the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement value, tilt angle value, and vibration value within a first preset time period and compares them one by one with preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold. If the difference between the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement value, tilt angle value, and vibration value and the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold, respectively, is greater than the preset threshold, then the staff must take timely countermeasures for the wind turbine foundation of the deep spoil heap; and, If the differences between the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement, tilt angle value, and vibration value and the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold respectively are less than the preset threshold, then the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement value, tilt angle threshold, and vibration value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation within the first preset time period are continuously monitored by displacement sensor 601, static level 602, inclinometer 603, and vibration accelerometer 604.

[0053] The first preset time period can be 2-3 weeks, or even longer. When the difference between multiple monitoring data is large, the monitoring period can be shortened accordingly. When the difference between multiple monitoring data is small, the monitoring period can be extended accordingly, depending on the actual monitoring situation. This application does not impose specific limitations on this. Since a deep spoil heap refers to a large site formed by piling up stripped waste rock or tailings during open-pit mining, the foundation pit opened in a deep spoil heap may result in poor stability of the deep spoil heap, leading to severe settlement of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation. In order to more comprehensively reflect the settlement of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, it is necessary to obtain settlement monitoring data of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation within a short period of time.

[0054] The settlement monitoring method for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps provided in this application acquires horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, tilt angle, and vibration values ​​within a first preset time period. These values ​​are then compared with preset thresholds for horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, tilt angle, and vibration. If the difference between these values ​​and the preset thresholds exceeds the specified threshold, timely corrective measures are taken for the wind turbine foundation. Otherwise, monitoring of the foundation's settlement continues for the first preset time period. This method improves the comprehensiveness of settlement monitoring for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps and ensures their stability, enabling stable wind power generation.

[0055] In some embodiments, the method for monitoring settlement of wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps described in this application further includes: S706. After acquiring the horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, tilt angle, and vibration values ​​within the first preset time period multiple times (at least three times, depending on the monitoring results), and when the differences between the acquired results and the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold are stable within the preset range, the horizontal displacement, vertical settlement, tilt angle threshold, and vibration values ​​of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation within the second time period are monitored using displacement sensor 601, hydrostatic level 602, inclinometer 603, and vibration accelerometer 604; wherein the second time period is at least three times the first preset time period.

[0056] In the above embodiments, when the differences between the obtained horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement, tilt angle value and vibration value and the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold and vibration threshold are stable within the preset range (which can be set according to actual needs, but this application does not specifically limit it), it indicates that the settlement of the deep spoil heap fan foundation tends to be stable. At this time, the settlement monitoring time of the deep spoil heap fan foundation can be extended accordingly.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, comprising a foundation pit (100) of a predetermined depth for installing the wind turbine foundation in a deep spoil heap, characterized in that, include: A protective pad (200) is disposed on the inner bottom surface of the foundation pit (100); The wind turbine pile body (300) includes a first column (301), a truncated pyramid (302), and a second column (303); the first column (301) is disposed on the upper surface of the protective pad layer (200), the middle part of the truncated pyramid (302) is provided with a through hole from top to bottom that is adapted to the second column (303), and its lower surface is disposed on the upper surface of the first column (301); the bottom end of the second column (303) is embedded in the through hole and its top end is higher than the top surface of the truncated pyramid (302); The upper surface of the second column (303) is used to install the wind turbine tower.

2. The deep spoil heap fan foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first column (301) is anchored to the protective pad (200) by the first anchor rod (400), and the truncated pyramid (302) and the second column (303) are both anchored to the first column (301) by the second anchor rod (500); The bottom ends of the first anchor rod (400) and the second anchor rod (500) extend below the inner bottom surface of the foundation pit (100).

3. The deep spoil heap fan foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective pad (200), the first column (301), the frustum (302) and the second column (303) are all made of C40 or C35 grade concrete mixed with high-performance crack-resistant fibers.

4. The deep spoil heap fan foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the first column (301) is 6 to 13 times the diameter of the second column (303).

5. The deep spoil heap fan foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the foundation pit (100) is provided with a reinforcement layer (101) and an anchor mesh (102) from the inside to the outside.

6. A settlement monitoring system for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps, characterized in that, The device for monitoring the settlement of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 includes: a control device (600), multiple settlement monitoring points corresponding to the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation, and a displacement sensor (601), a hydrostatic level (602), an inclinometer (603), and a vibration accelerometer (604) corresponding to each of the settlement monitoring points. The displacement sensor (601) is installed on the outer wall of the wind turbine tower to obtain the horizontal displacement value of the wind turbine foundation in the deep spoil heap relative to the reference point of the settlement monitoring point, and transmit the horizontal displacement value to the control device (600). The hydrostatic level (602) is installed on the foundation of the deep spoil heap fan to obtain the vertical settlement of the foundation of the deep spoil heap fan relative to the benchmark point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point, and transmits the vertical settlement to the control device (600). Each settlement monitoring point corresponds to two inclinometers (603). The two inclinometers are respectively installed at the top and bottom of the wind turbine tower to obtain the inclination angle value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation relative to the reference point at the settlement monitoring point, and transmit the inclination angle value to the control device (600). The vibration accelerometer (604) is installed at the top of the wind turbine tower to obtain the vibration value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation relative to the reference point at the settlement monitoring point corresponding to it, and transmit the vibration value to the control device (600). The control device (600) is used to receive the horizontal displacement value, the vertical settlement, the tilt angle value and the vibration value, and compare them with the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold and vibration threshold stored in the historical database, and determine the settlement status of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation based on the comparison results.

7. The settlement monitoring system for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple settlement monitoring points are set at equal intervals around the deep spoil heap fan foundation.

8. The settlement monitoring system for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps according to claim 6, characterized in that, The benchmark point is set on the strongly weathered rock layer and at a predetermined distance from the foundation of the deep spoil heap fan; The preset distance is 3 to 8 times the burial depth of the deep spoil heap fan foundation.

9. A method for monitoring the settlement of wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps, characterized in that, The method applied to the settlement monitoring system for wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps according to any one of claims 6 to 8, the method comprising: The horizontal displacement value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation relative to the benchmark point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point is obtained by the displacement sensor during a first preset time period, and the horizontal displacement value is transmitted to the control device. The vertical settlement of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the benchmark point at the corresponding settlement monitoring point is obtained by a hydrostatic level during a first preset time period, and the vertical settlement is transmitted to the control device. The tilt angle of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the benchmark point at the settlement monitoring point corresponding to it is obtained by the tilt meter during a first preset time period, and the tilt angle is transmitted to the control device. The vibration value of the deep spoil heap fan foundation relative to the reference point at the settlement monitoring point corresponding to it is obtained by a vibration accelerometer during a first preset time period, and the vibration value is transmitted to the control device. The control device receives the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement, tilt angle value, and vibration value within the first preset time period and compares them one by one with preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold. If the difference between the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement value, tilt angle value, and vibration value and the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold is greater than the preset threshold, then the staff must take timely countermeasures for the deep spoil heap fan foundation.

10. The method for monitoring settlement of wind turbine foundations in deep spoil heaps according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement, tilt angle value, and vibration value are repeatedly acquired within the first preset time period, and the differences between the acquired results and the preset horizontal displacement threshold, vertical settlement threshold, tilt angle threshold, and vibration threshold are stable within the preset range, then the horizontal displacement value, vertical settlement value, tilt angle value, and vibration value of the deep spoil heap wind turbine foundation within the second time period are monitored by the displacement sensor, the hydrostatic level, the inclinometer, and the vibration accelerometer. The second time period is at least three times the first preset time period.

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