Electron beam refining coupling ceramic filtering and recycling method for common return scrap of cast high-temperature alloy

Abstract

The invention relates to an electron beam refining coupling ceramic filtration recovery method for casting high-temperature alloy common return scrap, which belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy, is realized based on an electron beam refining coupling ceramic filtration recovery device, and comprises a furnace body, a smelting crucible, a hydraulic turnover device, a slag blocking dam, a pouring nozzle, a ceramic filter and a casting solidification crucible, the molecular pump, the valve, the mechanical pump, the diffusion pump and the Roots pump are arranged outside the furnace body, and the cooling system, the observation window and the electronic gun are communicated with the inside and the outside of the furnace body. Firstly, the surface of the waste blade is preliminarily cleaned through an efficient and low-cost pretreatment process; then electron beam refining continuous casting is conducted through a self-made slag blocking dam and a ceramic filter screen, and residual ceramic particles on the surface and the core of the waste blade are removed; and finally, the ultra-pure high-homogeneity return scrap cast ingot is prepared. According to the method, the problems of accumulation and low recycling rate of common cast high-temperature alloy return scraps mainly comprising waste blades can be solved, and ultra-pure and high-homogeneity return scrap cast ingots are obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloys and relates to an electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery method for ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys. Background Art

[0002] Cast superalloys are the primary material for manufacturing blade components such as turbine blades and guide vanes for aircraft engines and gas turbines. According to literature, the final weight of cast superalloy blade components only accounts for approximately 30% of the weight of the parent alloy. A significant amount of this material becomes scrapped due to casting defects such as impurities, failed crystal selection, and sand sticking during the casting process. Furthermore, the continued increase in the use of cast superalloys has generated a significant amount of return material, including runners, risers, and crystal selectors. Assuming a domestic production of 7,000 tons of cast superalloys in 2023 and a scrap rate of 70%, the annual waste generated by cast superalloys will approach 5,000 tons. Because cast superalloys often contain rare and expensive metallic elements such as Re and Hf, the accumulation of such large amounts of waste material not only represents a significant waste of strategic resources, but also necessitates the urgent need to utilize cast superalloy return material in the production of parent alloys.

[0003] At present, domestic high-temperature alloy return materials are mainly processed through vacuum induction melting or a dual process of vacuum induction melting + electroslag remelting. In the actual production of return materials, high-quality high-temperature alloy materials are often downgraded to ordinary nickel-containing metal materials, resulting in a serious waste of strategic resources. The utilization rate of high-temperature alloy return materials in Europe and the United States reaches 70% to 80%, while in China it is only around 15%, and is mainly concentrated in the field of deformable high-temperature alloys. Analysis of the main reasons is that, on the one hand, unlike deformable high-temperature alloys, active elements such as Hf and Ta in cast high-temperature alloys are very easy to react with the ceramic shell or ceramic core during the casting process, forming refractory oxide inclusions such as HfO2 and Ta2O5. These refractory inclusions are difficult to remove under the temperature conditions and melting environment of vacuum induction melting. On the other hand, compared with new alloy materials, the content of impurity elements such as O, N, and S in the returned materials of cast high-temperature alloys is higher. The impurity content in the returned ingots of cast high-temperature alloys prepared by traditional smelting process has not yet broken through the transformation limit of melt properties, resulting in a series of problems in the subsequent use of the returned alloy ingots, such as poor casting processability, low blade preparation qualification rate, and parts service performance not reaching the level of new materials.

[0004] To address the accumulation of waste return material from high-temperature alloy blade casting, our team pioneered the use of electron beam refining (EBR) technology to purify EBR (Chinese invention patent CN112760508A). This process utilizes the high cleanliness, high vacuum, and high temperature environment of the EB refining process to remove impurities from the alloy melt, preventing further reaction between the alloy melt and the ceramic material and the vacuum atmosphere. Furthermore, the Marangoni melt flow and induced solidification unique to EB refining promote the directional migration and enrichment of small-sized inclusions in the alloy melt. Ultimately, the bombardment of the high-energy electron beam and the high superheat of the alloy melt facilitate the decomposition or superheat dissolution removal of refractory inclusions. However, existing technologies have not been able to meet the requirements of melting conventional EBR in engineering practice. Conventional EBR often contains large ceramic particles, such as ceramic cores, which are difficult to effectively remove even after multiple remelting steps.

[0005] Based on this technical principle and process route, we have developed related technologies such as electron beam layer coagulation to prepare ultra-pure and high-homogeneity high-temperature alloys, electron beam cold hearth furnace refining of high-temperature alloys, and electron beam drip melting of high-temperature alloys. For cast high-temperature alloy return materials, the current main method used is a combination of vacuum induction melting and electron beam refining. The technologies disclosed in Chinese invention patents CN117701895A, CN117701896A, CN117701897A, and CN117701898A all involve: first, the high-temperature alloy return material is vacuum-induced for initial melting, and then remelted using electron beam drip melting technology. Although this can also reduce the inclusion content in the high-temperature alloy return material to the level of new material, the return material alloy undergoes two melting processes, vacuum induction melting and electron beam melting, resulting in a significant loss of alloy element quality, which increases the melting cost. In addition, the above patents are mainly aimed at high-quality return materials from casting high-temperature alloys, mainly for melting and recycling runners, risers, material heads and crystal selectors, etc., and do not propose corresponding solutions for ordinary return materials such as waste blades containing cores from casting high-temperature alloys. It is urgent to solve the problem of accumulation of waste blades from casting high-temperature alloys and low recycling rate. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above issues, the present invention proposes a method for recovering ordinary cast high-temperature alloy return material through electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration. This method represents a process route for recovering ordinary cast high-temperature alloy return material that relies entirely on electron beam refining technology. The present invention first performs a preliminary cleaning of the waste blade surface through an efficient and low-cost pretreatment process to ensure the formation of a conductive path during the electron beam melting process. Electron beam refining and continuous casting are then performed through a custom-made filter to remove residual ceramic particles on the surface and core of the waste blades, ultimately producing ultra-pure, highly homogeneous return material ingots.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A method for electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration to recover common return material from cast high-temperature alloys is disclosed. The method is implemented using an electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery device, which includes a furnace body, a melting crucible located inside the furnace body, a hydraulic tilting device, a slag dam, a dumping nozzle, a ceramic filter, a casting and solidification crucible, and a molecular pump, valves, a mechanical pump, a diffusion pump, a Rhodes pump located outside the furnace body, as well as a cooling system, an observation window, and an electron gun connected to the interior and exterior of the furnace body. Specifically:

[0009] There are two mechanical pumps. The first mechanical pump is connected to the electron gun via a molecular pump. Valves are provided on the connection paths between the first mechanical pump and the molecular pump, and between the molecular pump and the electron gun, respectively, to control the vacuuming process. The second mechanical pump is connected to one end of a Rhodes pump. The other end of the Rhodes pump is divided into two branches: one branch is connected to the furnace body via a valve, and the other branch is connected to a diffusion pump via a valve. The diffusion pump is also connected to the furnace body via a valve.

[0010] The electron gun is located at the top of the furnace body and extends deep into the furnace body. It is used to emit electron beams for melting and refining ordinary return materials for casting high-temperature alloys. The maximum melting power of the electron gun is 300kW, the rated voltage is 30kV, the beam current range is 0~1000mA, and the beam spot diameter is 5~10mm.

[0011] The smelting crucible is located in the lower middle part of the furnace body and on the left side. It is made of pure copper to avoid contamination of the refractory crucible material. A hydraulic turning device is provided on the bottom surface. The hydraulic turning device realizes the turning and dumping function of the smelting crucible to ensure the stability and uniformity of the casting process. The smelting crucible is a top-opening container for melting and refining ordinary return materials of high-temperature alloys. The diameter of the upper end is 360~400mm, the diameter of the bottom end is 260~300mm, and the depth is 120~300mm. A pouring spout is provided on the side close to the casting and solidification crucible for draining the alloy melt so that it can be accurately cast into the casting and solidification crucible. A slag dam is placed at the connection between the pouring spout and the smelting crucible. The slag dam is made of Al2O3 or MgO. A plurality of evenly distributed through holes are provided on the slag dam. The aperture of the through holes is 10-50PPI.

[0012] The casting and solidification crucible is located at the bottom and right side of the furnace body, with an opening at the top. The top opening is located directly below the pouring spout of the smelting crucible. The alloy melt in the smelting crucible can be cast into the casting and solidification crucible through a hydraulic turning device. The ceramic filter is located directly above the casting and solidification crucible and is connected to the casting and solidification crucible in the shape of a funnel. The material of the ceramic filter is Al2O3, MgO or CaO. The ceramic filter is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed through holes, and the aperture of the through holes is 10-50PPI. The casting and solidification crucible adopts a pneumatic fixed-track separation copper mold or steel mold with a diameter of 80~200mm and a height of 300mm~800mm to realize the movable and disassembly function of the crucible, which is convenient for taking out the large-sized return material ingot after casting.

[0013] The furnace body is also provided with a cooling system, including cooling water pipes, a cooling tower, a water cooler and other parts, which can maintain the normal temperature of the electron beam melting furnace and its vacuum system to prevent overheating alarms.

[0014] Furthermore, a transparent observation window is provided on the top of the furnace body for observing the state of the alloy melt during electron beam refining and casting, ensuring that the alloy melt is fully melted and refined, and the alloy melt is smoothly poured into the bottom of the casting and solidification crucible.

[0015] The electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration recovery method for ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloy specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] The first step is to sandblast the ordinary return material of the cast high-temperature alloy;

[0017] The second step is to evacuate the interior of the furnace used for electron beam melting. After reaching the target vacuum degree, the electron gun is started for preheating. After the preheating is completed, the return material melting stage begins.

[0018] The third step is to use electron beam to melt the ordinary return material of cast high-temperature alloy to achieve purification;

[0019] Step 3.1: First, adjust the melting power of the electron gun, set the electron beam scanning mode and scanning frequency, and slowly melt the surface of the ordinary return material of the cast high-temperature alloy in the melting crucible by the electron beam. After it is fully melted, the large ceramic core sinks to the bottom of the melting crucible, and the small-sized inclusions float to the surface of the melting crucible.

[0020] Step 3.2: After the ordinary return material for casting high-temperature alloy is fully melted, adjust the refining power of the electron beam to ensure that the inclusions floating to the surface of the melting crucible are bombarded and decomposed by the electron beam spot;

[0021] In step 3.3, the hydraulic tilting mechanism for the melting crucible is then activated to begin pouring the molten alloy into the casting and solidification crucible. During the pouring process, the electron beam is moved near the pouring nozzle to maintain the fluidity of the molten alloy pool surface. A slag dam between the melting crucible and the pouring nozzle is used to filter out small slag on the surface of the alloy pool and ceramic particles that have settled at the bottom of the crucible.

[0022] In step 3.4, a ceramic filter at the top of the casting and solidification crucible is used to filter out any remaining ceramic shell or core particles within the alloy melt. After two stages of filtration, the alloy melt slowly flows to the bottom of the casting and solidification crucible and is slowly cooled by the cooling system.

[0023] Step 4: Continue to collect the returned alloy ingots;

[0024] Step 4.1: After the casting is completed, turn off the high voltage of the electron gun and continue to cool the alloy ingot in a vacuum environment for 2 hours. After it is completely cooled, release the vacuum of the furnace body, open the furnace door and take out the ultra-pure cast high-temperature alloy ordinary return material alloy ingot.

[0025] Step 4.2: Test the returned alloy ingots. The returned alloy ingots that meet the factory standards after testing need to be machined. Use a lathe to peel the returned alloy ingots to ensure that the surface of the returned alloy ingots is smooth.

[0026] Furthermore, the first step is specifically as follows: First, ordinary high-temperature alloy return materials, mainly scrapped blades containing ceramic cores, are collected through sorting by the processing and quality inspection departments of the casting high-temperature alloy blade production line; then, the ordinary high-temperature alloy return materials are efficiently and cost-effectively sandblasted with corundum sand to remove large pieces of ceramic shell adhering to the outer surface of the scrap blades, ensuring the formation of a conductive path during the electron beam melting process. The sandblasting process uses compressed air as the power source, with a pressure of 0.2-0.8MPa, a corundum sand size of 20-80 mesh, and a sandblasting time of 2-20 minutes. Finally, the sandblasted ordinary high-temperature alloy return materials are blown and dried to remove dust, oil, and moisture from the surface of the ordinary high-temperature alloy return materials.

[0027] Furthermore, the second step is specifically as follows: first, clean the walls of the melting crucible, the chamber of the furnace body, and the surface of the observation window, and then use a vacuum cleaner to remove scattered and adhered pollutants. The collected ordinary return material of the casting high-temperature alloy is spread flat inside the melting crucible; then, adjust the water pressure of the cooling system to about 0.2MPa, and after confirming that the ordinary return material of the casting high-temperature alloy is laid and the furnace body is clean, close the furnace door; finally, use a mechanical pump, a molecular pump, a Rhodes pump, and a diffusion pump to pump the furnace body and the electron gun to the target vacuum state, so that the vacuum degree of the furnace body and the electron gun is higher than 5×10 -3Pa, after reaching the target vacuum degree, start the electron gun and preheat for 10 to 30 minutes. After the preheating is completed, the melting stage of the waste blades is entered.

[0028] Furthermore, in the third step: in step 3.1, the electron gun has a melting power of 4-12 kW, the electron beam scanning mode is circular scanning, and the scanning frequency is 5-20 Hz. In step 3.1, the electron beam refining power is 30-50 kW.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 4.2, the detection method is: using a wire cutting machine to take samples from the top and bottom of the returned alloy ingot for composition detection, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur impurity content detection, and inclusion content and size distribution detection. After characterization, it is determined whether the returned ingot meets the standard composition and whether the purity reaches or exceeds the level of new material:

[0030] If it passes the test, the subsequent machining process will be carried out;

[0031] For ingots that do not meet the composition requirements, the alloy composition of the returned ingots is regulated by wrapping volatile elements with nickel foil, and the second and third steps are repeated.

[0032] For ingots that do not meet the purity requirements, auxiliary deoxidizers or desulfurizers are added for deep impurity removal, and the second and third steps are repeated.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] (1) The production qualification rate of cast high-temperature alloy blades is low, so a large amount of ordinary return materials such as cast high-temperature alloy waste blades are generated. These ordinary return materials contain large ceramic particles such as ceramic cores, and usually require additional process treatments such as alkali washing, negative pressure core removal, and core removal liquid injection. After treatment, they are subjected to multiple cycles of vacuum induction melting. However, the purity of the prepared return material alloy often does not reach the level of new material, or the impurity content reaches the level of new material but the size and number of inclusions are still high. This patent proposes a technology that completely relies on electron beam refining to recycle ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys. First, the surface of the waste blades is preliminarily cleaned through an efficient and low-cost pretreatment process to ensure that a conductive path is formed during the electron beam melting process. Then, electron beam refining and casting are carried out through a self-made slag dam and ceramic filter to remove the residual ceramic particles on the surface and core of the waste blades.

[0035] (2) Electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration to recycle ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys not only saves the core removal pretreatment process of ordinary return materials such as pickling and alkali washing, but also effectively removes large refractory ceramic particles and further removes small-sized inclusions filtered out by ceramics. The overall melting time is short, and there is no significant loss of composition and energy consumption. After calculation, electron beam melting can not only save the recycling cost of ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys, but also achieve the purpose of deep impurity removal, solving the problem of the accumulation and low recycling rate of ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys, mainly waste blades. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration device for recycling cast high-temperature alloy scrap blade return material;

[0037] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration method for recycling cast high-temperature alloy scrap blade return material;

[0038] In the figure: 1 molecular pump; 2 valve; 3 mechanical pump; 4 electron beam; 5 ordinary return material for casting high-temperature alloy; 6 melting crucible; 7 hydraulic turning device; 8 cooling system; 9 observation window; 10 electron gun; 11 slag dam; 12 dumping nozzle; 13 ceramic filter; 14 casting and solidification crucible; 15 diffusion pump; 16 Rhodes pump; 17 furnace body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific implementation cases.

[0040] The embodiment of the present invention adopts an electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery device for ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, it includes a furnace body 17, a melting crucible 6, a hydraulic turning device 7, a slag dam 11, a pouring spout 12, a ceramic filter 13, a casting and solidification crucible 14 located inside the furnace body 17, a molecular pump 1, a valve 2, a mechanical pump 3, a diffusion pump 15, a Rhodes pump 16 located outside the furnace body 17, and a cooling system 8, an observation window 9, and an electron gun 10 connected to the inside and outside of the furnace body 17. Specifically:

[0041] There are two mechanical pumps 3. The first mechanical pump 3 is connected to the electron gun 10 via a molecular pump 1. Valves 2 are provided on the connecting paths between the first mechanical pump 3 and the molecular pump 1, and between the molecular pump 1 and the electron gun 10. The second mechanical pump 3 is connected to one end of a Rhodes pump 16. The other end of the Rhodes pump 16 is divided into two branches: one branch is connected to the furnace body 17 via a valve 2, and the other branch is connected to the diffusion pump 15 via a valve 2. The diffusion pump 15 is also connected to the furnace body 17 via a valve 2.

[0042] The electron gun 10 is located on the top of the furnace body 17 and extends deep into the furnace body 17 for emitting the electron beam 4 .

[0043] The smelting crucible 6 is located in the lower middle part of the furnace body 17 and on the left side. It is made of pure copper and has a hydraulic turning device 7 on its bottom. The smelting crucible 6 is a top-opening container for melting and refining ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys. The diameter of the upper end is 360mm, the diameter of the bottom end is 260mm, and the depth is 120mm. A pouring spout 12 is provided on the side close to the casting and solidification crucible 14. A slag dam 11 is placed at the connection between the pouring spout 12 and the smelting crucible 6. The slag dam 11 is made of Al2O3 and is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed through holes with a hole diameter of 30PPI.

[0044] The casting and solidification crucible 14 is located at the bottom and right side of the furnace body 17. Its top is open, directly below the pouring spout 12 of the melting crucible 6. The funnel-shaped ceramic filter 13 is located directly above and connected to the casting and solidification crucible 14. Made of Al2O3, it is equipped with multiple evenly distributed through-holes with an aperture of 20 PPI. The casting and solidification crucible 14 utilizes a pneumatically fixed-track detachable steel mold with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 500 mm, enabling the crucible to be removable and disassembled.

[0045] The furnace body 17 is also provided with a cooling system 8, which in this embodiment is a cooling tower and a water cooler.

[0046] A transparent observation window 9 is provided on the top of the furnace body 17 .

[0047] This embodiment selects a waste blade of a single crystal high-temperature alloy containing rhenium as the embodiment object, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0048] The first step involves sorting and sorting ordinary return material 5, primarily from scrap blades containing rhenium single-crystal superalloy DD5, from the casting superalloy blade production line. This material is then spread flat inside the melting crucible 6 of the electron beam melting equipment. Next, a highly efficient and cost-effective sandblasting process using corundum abrasive removes any large ceramic shells adhering to the scrap blades' exterior surfaces, ensuring a conductive path for the electron beam melting process. The sandblasting process uses compressed air at a pressure of 0.3 MPa, 50-mesh corundum abrasive, and a blasting time of 10 minutes. Finally, the shot-peened ordinary return material 4 is air-dried to remove dust, oil, and moisture from the surface.

[0049] In the second step, first, clean the walls of the melting crucible, the chamber, and the observation window, and then use a vacuum cleaner to remove scattered and adhered pollutants. The collected cast high-temperature alloy ordinary return material 5 is spread flat inside the melting crucible 6; then, the water pressure of the cooling system 8 is adjusted to 0.2 MPa. After confirming that the ordinary return material 5 has been laid and the electron beam melting furnace body 17 is clean, the furnace door is closed; finally, the mechanical pump 3, molecular pump 1, Rhodes pump 16, and diffusion pump 15 are used to pump the furnace body 17 and the electron gun 10 to the target vacuum state, so that the vacuum degree of the furnace body 17 and the electron gun 10 is greater than 5×10 -3 Pa, after reaching the target vacuum degree, the electron gun 10 is started and preheated for 20 minutes. After the preheating is completed, the waste blade melting stage is entered.

[0050] In the third step, first adjust the melting power of the electron gun 10 to 12kW, set the scanning mode of the electron beam 4 to circular scanning, and the scanning frequency to 10Hz. The electron beam 4 acts on the surface of the ordinary return material 5 in the melting crucible 6 to melt it slowly. After the ordinary return material 5 is fully melted, the large ceramic core sinks to the bottom of the melting crucible, and the small-sized inclusions float to the surface of the crucible. Secondly, after the ordinary return material 5 of the cast high-temperature alloy is fully melted, adjust the refining power of the electron beam 4 to 30kW to ensure that the inclusions floating to the surface of the melting crucible 6 are bombarded and decomposed by the electron beam spot; then, start the hydraulic turning device 7 of the melting crucible 6 and start pouring the alloy melt into the casting and solidification crucible 14. During the casting process, pay attention to moving the electron beam 4 to the vicinity of the pouring nozzle 12 to maintain the fluidity of the surface of the alloy molten pool. The small-sized slag on the surface of the alloy molten pool and the ceramic particles sunk to the bottom of the crucible are filtered out through the slag dam 11 between the melting crucible 6 and the pouring nozzle 12. Finally, a small amount of ceramic shell or core particles remaining in the alloy melt are filtered out by the ceramic filter 13 on the top of the casting and solidification crucible 14. The alloy melt after two-stage filtration slowly flows to the bottom of the casting and solidification crucible 14 and is slowly cooled by the cooling system 8.

[0051] The fourth step involves first turning off the electron gun 10V after casting, and continuing to cool the alloy ingot in a vacuum environment for approximately 2 hours. Once completely cooled, the furnace vacuum is released, and the furnace door is opened to remove the ultra-pure return alloy ingot. Secondly, wire cutting machines are used to sample the top and bottom of the ingot for composition testing, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur impurity content, and inclusion content and size distribution. Characterization revealed that the composition of the ultra-pure, highly homogeneous, rhenium-containing single-crystal superalloy return ingot from scrap blades was within the specified range, with O, N, and S impurity levels of 3.4 ppmw, 0.4 ppmw, and 3.6 ppmw, respectively. This represents the removal of 84% of O, 77% of N, and 10% of S from the return material, a 47% reduction in total inclusions, and a 29% reduction in maximum inclusion size to below 20 μm. Finally, the return ingot is machined, with the return ingot peeled using a lathe to ensure a smooth surface finish. After processing, the brand and number are marked on each bar, and the returned materials are stored in piles according to their type and brand, and returned to the warehouse in a timely manner.

[0052] The above-described embodiments merely express the implementation methods of the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration, characterized in that: The electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery method is implemented based on an electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery device, wherein the electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery device comprises a furnace body (17), a melting crucible (6), a hydraulic turning device (7), a pouring nozzle (12), and a casting and solidification crucible (14) located inside the furnace body (17), a molecular pump (1), a valve (2), a mechanical pump (3), a diffusion pump (15), and a Rhodes pump (16) located outside the furnace body (17), as well as a cooling system (8) and an electron gun (10) communicated with the inside and outside of the furnace body (17); specifically: There are two mechanical pumps (3), the first mechanical pump (3) is connected to the electron gun (10) through the molecular pump (1), and valves (2) are provided on the connection paths between the first mechanical pump (3) and the molecular pump (1), and between the molecular pump (1) and the electron gun (10), for controlling the vacuuming process; the second mechanical pump (3) is connected to one end of a Rhodes pump (16), the other end of the Rhodes pump (16) is divided into two branches, one branch is connected to the furnace body (17) through the valve (2), and the other branch is connected to the diffusion pump (15) through the valve (2); the diffusion pump (15) is also connected to the furnace body (17) through the valve (2); The electron gun (10) is located at the top of the furnace body (17) and penetrates deep into the furnace body (17). The electron beam (4) emitted by the electron gun (10) is used for melting and refining the ordinary return material (5) of the cast high-temperature alloy. The smelting crucible (6) is located in the lower middle part of the furnace body (17) and on the left side, and a hydraulic turning device (7) is provided on the bottom surface thereof, and the turning and dumping function of the smelting crucible (6) is realized by the hydraulic turning device (7); a pouring nozzle (12) is provided on the side of the smelting crucible (6) close to the casting and solidification crucible (14), which is used for draining the alloy melt so that it can be accurately cast into the casting and solidification crucible (14); The casting and solidification crucible (14) is located at the bottom and right side of the furnace body (17), and its top is open; The electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery method implemented by the electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery device specifically comprises the following steps: The first step is to perform sandblasting on the ordinary return material (5) of the cast high-temperature alloy; The second step is to evacuate the interior of the furnace body (17) used for electron beam melting, and after reaching the target vacuum degree, start the electron gun (10) for preheating, and after the preheating is completed, enter the return material melting stage; In the third step, the ordinary return material (5) of the cast high-temperature alloy is melted by an electron beam (4) to achieve purification; Step 3.1, adjusting the melting power of the electron gun (10), setting the scanning mode and scanning frequency of the electron beam (4), and allowing the electron beam (4) to act on the surface of the cast high-temperature alloy ordinary return material (5) in the melting crucible (6) to slowly melt it. After it is fully melted, the large ceramic core sinks to the bottom of the melting crucible (6), and the small-sized inclusions float to the surface of the melting crucible (6); Step 3.2, after the ordinary return material (5) of the cast high-temperature alloy is fully melted, the refining power of the electron beam (4) is adjusted to ensure that the inclusions floating to the surface of the melting crucible (6) are bombarded and decomposed by the electron beam spot; Step 3.3, starting the hydraulic turning device (7) of the melting crucible (6) to start pouring the alloy melt into the casting and solidification crucible (14); during the casting process, moving the electron beam (4) to the vicinity of the pouring nozzle (12) to maintain the fluidity of the surface of the alloy melt pool; filtering the slag on the surface of the alloy melt pool and the ceramic particles settled at the bottom of the crucible through the slag retaining dam (11) between the melting crucible (6) and the pouring nozzle (12); Step 3.4, filtering out the ceramic shell or core particles remaining in the alloy melt through the ceramic filter (13) on the top of the casting and solidification crucible (14); the alloy melt after two-stage filtration slowly flows to the bottom of the casting and solidification crucible (14) and is slowly cooled under the action of the cooling system (8); Step 4: Continue to collect the returned alloy ingots; Step 4.1, after the casting is completed, the electron gun (10) high voltage is turned off, and the alloy ingot is continued to be cooled in a vacuum environment. After it is completely cooled, the vacuum of the furnace body is released, and the furnace door is opened to take out the ultra-pure cast high-temperature alloy ordinary return material alloy ingot; Step 4.2: Test the returned alloy ingots. The returned alloy ingots that meet the factory standards after testing need to be machined. Use a lathe to peel the returned alloy ingots to ensure that the surface of the returned alloy ingots is smooth.

2. The method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first step is specifically as follows: first, collecting the ordinary return material (5) of the cast high-temperature alloy mainly containing scrapped blades with ceramic cores; then, using corundum sand to sandblast the ordinary return material (5) of the cast high-temperature alloy to ensure that a conductive path is formed during the electron beam melting process; the sandblasting process uses compressed air as power, adopts a pressure of 0.2-0.8 MPa, a corundum sand size of 20-80 mesh, and a sandblasting time of 2-20 minutes; finally, the ordinary return material (5) of the cast high-temperature alloy after sandblasting is blown and dried.

3. The method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second step is specifically as follows: first, the collected common return material (5) of the cast high-temperature alloy is spread flat inside the melting crucible (6); then, the water pressure of the cooling system (8) is adjusted to ensure that the common return material (5) of the cast high-temperature alloy is laid and the furnace body (17) is clean, and then the furnace door is closed; finally, the furnace body (17) and the electron gun (10) are pumped to the target vacuum state using a mechanical pump (3), a molecular pump (1), a Rhodes pump (16), and a diffusion pump (15), so that the vacuum degree of the furnace body (17) and the electron gun (10) is higher than 5×10 -3 Pa, and after reaching the target vacuum degree, the electron gun (10) is started and preheated for 10 to 30 minutes. After the preheating is completed, the waste blade melting stage is entered.

4. The method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3.1, the melting power of the electron gun (10) is 4-12 kW, the scanning mode of the electron beam (4) is circular scanning, and the scanning frequency is 5-20 Hz; in the step 3.1, the refining power of the electron beam (4) is 30-50 kW.

5. The method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4.2, the testing method is: using a wire cutting machine to take samples from the top and bottom of the returned alloy ingot for composition testing, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur impurity content testing, and inclusion content and size distribution testing. After characterization, it is determined whether the returned ingot meets the standard composition and whether the purity reaches or exceeds the level of new material: If it passes the test, the subsequent machining process will be carried out; For ingots that do not meet the composition requirements, the alloy composition of the returned ingots is regulated by wrapping volatile elements with nickel foil, and the second and third steps are repeated; For ingots that do not meet the purity requirements, auxiliary deoxidizers or desulfurizers are added for deep impurity removal, and the second and third steps are repeated.

6. The method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electron gun (10) has a maximum melting power of 300kW, a rated voltage of 30kV, a beam current range of 0-1000mA, and a beam spot diameter of 5-10mm.

7. The method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the electron beam refining coupled ceramic filtration recovery device: The melting crucible (6) is made of pure copper and is a top-opening container for melting and refining ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys. The diameter of the upper end is 360-400 mm, the diameter of the bottom end is 260-300 mm, and the depth is 120-300 mm. A slag dam (11) is placed at the connection between the pouring spout (12) and the smelting crucible (6). The slag dam (11) is made of Al2O3 or MgO. A plurality of evenly distributed through holes are provided on the slag dam (11). The aperture of the through holes is 10-50 PPI. A ceramic filter (13) is provided on the top of the casting and solidification crucible (14). The ceramic filter (13) is funnel-shaped and made of Al2O3, MgO or CaO. The ceramic filter (13) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed through holes, and the aperture of the through holes is 10-50 PPI.

8. The method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The casting and solidification crucible (14) adopts a pneumatic fixed-track separation copper mold or steel mold with a diameter of 80-200 mm and a height of 300-800 mm, realizing the movable and disassembly function of the crucible and being used for taking out the return material ingot after casting.

9. The method for recovering ordinary return materials of cast high-temperature alloys by electron beam refining coupled with ceramic filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transparent observation window (9) is provided on the top of the furnace body (17).

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