Photovoltaic module for building facades and windows

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of building outer wall window photovoltaic module, it is related to photovoltaic power generation technical field, including window frame, glass plate is installed in the inside of window frame, photovoltaic module is installed in the inside of glass plate, light transmission dynamic adjusting mechanism is arranged in the inside of window frame, light transmission dynamic adjusting mechanism is used to automatically adjust glass plate light transmission to respond solar intensity change, light transmission dynamic adjusting mechanism includes support group installed in the inside of window frame, heat-sensitive pad is installed in the inside of support group, by introducing the cooperation operation between condenser lens, heat-sensitive pad, connecting rod and curved mirror, realize the automatic light transmission based on solar intensity adjustment, according to the angle of automatically adjusting curved mirror according to light intensity, optimize photovoltaic cell to incident light absorption efficiency, by dynamically adjusting light transmission and light refraction angle, not only improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic module, also optimize the thermal comfort and energy utilization efficiency of building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically to a photovoltaic module for building exterior windows. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules for building exterior windows are an innovative product that combines photovoltaic glass with ordinary windows. They allow light to pass through while generating electricity, providing green energy for buildings. By cleverly integrating solar cells into the window glass, they achieve an efficient combination of light transmission and power generation. This design not only maintains the window's lighting and ventilation functions but also converts sunlight into electricity to provide power support for the building.

[0003] Chinese patent CN112271985A discloses a window-based photovoltaic power generation component, including a photovoltaic panel. The photovoltaic panel is disposed on the outer side of the window frame, which is movably connected to the inside of the window. A pair of movable plates are slidably fitted on the outer side of the window frame, and the photovoltaic panel is slidably connected between the pair of movable plates. A pair of mounting plates are fixedly installed on the bottom of the photovoltaic panel. A support plate is movably connected between the mounting plate and the window. A pair of rotating holes are symmetrically opened on the upper part of the inner wall of the window, and a pair of fixed posts are set below the rotating holes. A glass plate is embedded in the inner wall of the window frame. A pair of rotating shafts are symmetrically fixed on the outer side of the window frame, and a pair of U-shaped channels are symmetrically fixed on the outer side of the window frame. By setting the photovoltaic panel on the outer side of the window frame, the problem of existing photovoltaic panels having no adjustable tilt angle, resulting in low power generation efficiency, and photovoltaic panels being easily blown over and falling during severe weather, causing injury to people on the ground is solved.

[0004] However, the aforementioned referenced documents and existing devices still have the following shortcomings in practical use:

[0005] 1. Compared to the device in the referenced document, in an outdoor environment, dust and other particles in the air will enter the sliding mating parts, aggravating the wear. As the wear intensifies, the fitting accuracy between the guide bar and the rectangular groove will decrease, leading to problems such as shaking and jamming, affecting the normal extension and retraction of the photovoltaic panel, and even causing mechanical failure, making it impossible for the photovoltaic panel to be accurately adjusted in position.

[0006] In rainy or snowy weather, some rainwater can enter the mating area between the guide strip and the rectangular groove, causing rust and corrosion. This is especially serious in areas with high humidity or acid rain. Rust and corrosion not only affect sliding performance but also reduce the service life of the components.

[0007] Furthermore, adjusting the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel by opening and closing the window frame has a relatively limited range of adjustment. The altitude and azimuth of the sun change significantly at different times of the day, and opening and closing the window frame cannot keep the photovoltaic panel at the optimal tilt angle at all times, thus affecting the power generation efficiency. For example, when the sun's altitude angle is low in the morning and evening, the photovoltaic panel cannot be adjusted to a sufficiently tilted angle to receive enough sunlight.

[0008] Meanwhile, this method links the adjustment of the photovoltaic panel with the opening and closing of the window frame. The opening and closing of the window frame also needs to take into account other factors such as indoor ventilation and lighting. In some cases, in order to meet the needs of the indoor environment, it is impossible to adjust the window frame to the position where the photovoltaic panel is at the optimal power generation angle, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency. For example, when it is necessary to maintain good indoor ventilation, the window frame will be opened to an angle that is not conducive to the photovoltaic panel receiving sunlight.

[0009] 2. Compared to existing photovoltaic modules installed in glass, existing technologies often overemphasize the improvement of power conversion efficiency while neglecting the importance of heat management. In photovoltaic modules installed in glass, the photovoltaic materials generate heat during the process of converting sunlight into electricity. If this heat cannot be effectively dissipated, it will cause the temperature of the photovoltaic module to rise. High temperature will affect the performance of the photovoltaic module, reduce its power conversion efficiency, and even accelerate the aging and damage of the module.

[0010] Secondly, building exterior walls may experience slight deformation due to factors such as thermal expansion and contraction, wind vibration, etc. These deformations can also affect the photovoltaic modules installed in the glass. On the one hand, deformation can damage the seal between the photovoltaic modules and the glass, leading to problems such as moisture intrusion and dust accumulation, which can affect the performance and lifespan of the modules. On the other hand, deformation can also cause stress on the mechanical structure of the photovoltaic modules, resulting in damage or performance degradation of the modules.

[0011] Therefore, in view of this, the present invention proposes a photovoltaic module for building exterior windows to make up for and improve the deficiencies of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0012] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a photovoltaic module for building exterior windows, thereby resolving the technical issues raised in the background section.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a photovoltaic module for building exterior windows, comprising a window frame, a glass plate installed inside the window frame, a photovoltaic module installed inside the glass plate, and a light transmission dynamic adjustment mechanism provided inside the window frame, the light transmission dynamic adjustment mechanism being used to automatically adjust the light transmittance of the glass plate to respond to changes in sunlight intensity.

[0014] Furthermore, the light transmission dynamic adjustment mechanism includes a bracket assembly installed inside the window frame. A thermal pad is installed inside the bracket assembly, and a heat-conducting shaft is installed outside the bracket assembly. A focusing lens is installed at the end of the heat-conducting shaft away from the bracket assembly. A connecting rod is installed outside the bracket assembly. A rack is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting rod. Gears are meshed on the surface of the rack. A curved mirror is installed below each gear.

[0015] Furthermore, the support assembly comprises two cylindrical tubes, with the thermal pad and the heat-conducting shaft both located inside the inner cylindrical tube of the support assembly. The thermal pad is made of a thermally sensitive material, and the heat-conducting shaft is made of boron nitride ceramic material.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the thermal pad is triggered based on the intensity of sunlight, thereby automatically adjusting the angle of the curved mirror.

[0017] Furthermore, the focusing lens is an overall convex lens.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when parallel light rays pass through the condenser lens, they are refracted by the curved surface of the lens, causing the light rays to converge at a focal point, thereby achieving the effect of focusing light.

[0019] Furthermore, each of the cylindrical tubes in the support assembly is fixedly connected with a buffer curved plate. The buffer curved plate is composed of two upper and lower arc-shaped plates, and the arc-shaped plates are made of rubber.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the buffer plate undergoes elastic deformation when subjected to impact, absorbs energy, and quickly returns to its original shape, ensuring the structural stability of the support assembly.

[0021] Furthermore, the curved mirror is a Fresnel lens made of transparent acrylic material, and the curved mirror is initially perpendicular to the photovoltaic module.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the direct sunlight can be refracted and focused onto the surface of the photovoltaic cell after the position is changed, thereby increasing the amount of light energy absorbed and avoiding the efficiency saturation phenomenon caused by excessive light.

[0023] Furthermore, the window frame is symmetrically equipped with a heat dissipation and airflow guiding mechanism, which enables natural convection between the inside and outside of the window frame for efficient heat dissipation of the photovoltaic module. The heat dissipation and airflow guiding mechanism includes ventilation ducts symmetrically installed on both sides of the photovoltaic module. The outer wall of the ventilation ducts has grooves. The inside of the window frame has through slots corresponding to the positions of the ventilation ducts and the photovoltaic module. Pipe arrays are installed at the ends of the ventilation ducts. Guide vanes are uniformly fixedly connected inside the ventilation ducts.

[0024] Furthermore, the groove, the through slot, and the side of the photovoltaic module are all on the same vertical plane. The through slot is trapezoidal in shape, narrower on the side closer to the photovoltaic module and wider on the side closer to the groove.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the groove design reduces the thickness of the exhaust duct near the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing thermal resistance.

[0026] Furthermore, the pipe assembly is composed of two curved pipes, the lower curved pipe is designed to be inclined upward in a clockwise direction, and the upper curved pipe is designed to be inclined downward in a clockwise direction. The outer wall of the upper curved pipe in the pipe assembly is rotatably connected to a rotating ring, and a circular hole is opened at the position of the upper curved pipe corresponding to the photovoltaic module.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the lower curved pipe is tilted clockwise upward, which conforms to the natural flow law of cold air from bottom to top under the action of pressure difference, while the upper curved pipe is tilted clockwise downward, which guides the hot air to be discharged efficiently, avoids the backflow of hot air, and ensures continuous heat transfer.

[0028] Furthermore, the guide vanes are inclined at a 45-degree angle to the inner wall of the ventilation duct, the inclination directions of adjacent guide vanes are opposite, and a turbulence protrusion is installed between every two adjacent guide vanes.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the airflow forms an "S" shaped flow path. The "S" shaped path prolongs the residence time of air in the channel and increases the contact area between air and the pipe wall.

[0030] Furthermore, the photovoltaic module is composed of photovoltaic cells, cables, and an inverter, and the curved mirror is located between adjacent photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic module.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] (1) This device achieves automatic light transmittance adjustment based on sunlight intensity by introducing the coordinated operation of the condensing lens, thermal pad, connecting rod and curved mirror. It automatically adjusts the angle of the curved mirror according to the light intensity to optimize the absorption efficiency of the photovoltaic cell for incident light. By dynamically adjusting the light transmittance and the light refraction angle, it not only improves the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, but also optimizes the thermal comfort and energy utilization efficiency of the building.

[0033] Firstly, under strong light conditions, the curved mirror deflects to increase the shading area, refracting and concentrating direct sunlight onto the surface of the photovoltaic cell, increasing light energy absorption and avoiding efficiency saturation caused by excessive light. Under weak light conditions, the curved mirror remains perpendicular to the photovoltaic cell, maximizing light transmittance and ensuring efficient operation of the photovoltaic module in low-light environments, making it particularly suitable for areas or time periods with insufficient sunlight.

[0034] Secondly, under strong light conditions, the deflection of the curved mirror reduces the direct exposure of photovoltaic cells, avoiding material aging or performance degradation caused by overheating. Furthermore, the expansion and contraction of the thermal pad has a slow-release effect, which can smooth temperature changes and reduce the risk of microcracks in photovoltaic cells caused by thermal stress. At the same time, the deflection of the curved mirror reduces the amount of heat entering the room, reducing the air conditioning load and improving the building's thermal comfort. Under low light conditions, the curved mirror remains in a vertical position, maximizing the effect of natural lighting, reducing the use of artificial lighting, and further reducing building energy consumption.

[0035] Thirdly, the rotation of the curved mirror adds dynamic light and shadow effects to the building's exterior walls, enhancing the building's technological and modern feel. Furthermore, this device integrates the curved mirror only inside the double-glazed glass, maintaining the building's simple and integrated appearance. In addition, the overall structure does not require external power drive and relies entirely on the photothermal effect to achieve automatic adjustment, reducing the complexity of the external control system and maintenance requirements.

[0036] This device also incorporates a buffer curved plate structure between the support groups. The curved design and highly elastic rubber material of the buffer curved plate can effectively absorb and disperse external impacts (such as hail impacts and strong wind vibrations), reducing the direct impact of the impact on the photovoltaic modules. Furthermore, the buffer curved plate undergoes elastic deformation when impacted, and quickly returns to its original shape after absorbing energy, ensuring the structural stability of the support group and avoiding deformation or breakage caused by impact. Therefore, even under extreme weather conditions such as multiple storms and hail, the buffer curved plate can effectively protect the photovoltaic modules from physical damage and significantly extend their service life.

[0037] (2) This device opens a circular hole above the ventilation duct at the position corresponding to the photovoltaic module. By taking advantage of the natural phenomenon of hot air rising, the hot air is allowed to enter the guide channel naturally when it encounters the opening. Since the air density at the original position decreases after the hot air rises, a relatively low-pressure area is formed. The cold air at the bottom will enter from the bottom opening to replenish it under the action of pressure difference, thereby pushing the hot air to continuously enter the exhaust duct and forming natural convection. This improves the conductivity of the photovoltaic material, reduces the efficiency loss caused by high temperature, and avoids the hot spot effect caused by excessive local temperature, thereby extending the service life of the photovoltaic module. At the same time, by using the principle of natural convection, no additional energy is needed to drive the heat dissipation equipment, realizing passive heat dissipation and reducing the operating cost of the device.

[0038] The exhaust duct is equipped with guide vanes that are inclined at a 45-degree angle to the duct wall, with adjacent vanes tilting in opposite directions. This creates an "S"-shaped airflow path, which prolongs the residence time of air in the duct, increases the contact area between the air and the duct wall, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency, reducing airflow resistance loss, avoiding local heat accumulation due to poor airflow, and preventing heat backflow, thus ensuring efficient heat removal.

[0039] Among them, turbulence protrusions are installed between every two adjacent guide vanes. These protrusions break the laminar boundary layer, causing the air to form turbulence. This significantly increases the contact frequency and heat exchange area between the air and the channel wall. Furthermore, the turbulence makes the air more evenly distributed within the channel, avoiding local heat accumulation and further improving the uniformity and stability of heat dissipation.

[0040] The exhaust duct is equipped with a pipe assembly consisting of two curved pipes, one above the other. The lower curved pipe is inclined clockwise upwards, which conforms to the natural upward flow of cold air under the action of pressure difference. Furthermore, the curved design of the lower pipe uses gravity to allow dust particles in the airflow to settle naturally, reducing dust accumulation inside the pipe and reducing maintenance requirements. The upper curved pipe is inclined clockwise downwards, guiding hot air to be discharged efficiently, avoiding hot air backflow, and ensuring continuous heat transfer.

[0041] Among them, a rotating ring is set on the outer wall of the upper curved pipe in the pipe assembly. The rotating ring rotates continuously under the action of airflow, disturbing the air flow around the upper curved pipe, forming a dynamic barrier, effectively preventing hot air backflow, ensuring unidirectional and efficient heat dissipation, and reducing energy loss caused by airflow turbulence by preventing backflow and enhancing disturbance, thereby improving the overall efficiency of heat dissipation.

[0042] The exhaust duct has a groove on its outer wall, which is on the same vertical plane as the through groove and the side of the photovoltaic module. The through groove is trapezoidal (narrower on the side closer to the photovoltaic module and wider on the side closer to the groove). The groove design provides a directional flow path for condensate. When there is a large temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, condensate droplets can flow downwards along the groove, avoiding accumulation inside the glass, thus preventing water mist formation and reduced light transmittance. In addition, the groove design reduces the thickness of the exhaust duct on the side closer to the photovoltaic module, reducing thermal resistance and improving the efficiency of heat transfer from the photovoltaic module to the exhaust duct. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a front-view three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the main components of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the light transmission dynamic adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the focusing lens of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the miniature cylinder of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the heat dissipation mechanism of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified three-dimensional structural diagram of a portion of point B in the middle section;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the exhaust duct of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the exhaust duct of the present invention.

[0053] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Window frame; 11. Glass plate; 12. Photovoltaic module; 2. Dynamic light transmission adjustment mechanism; 21. Support assembly; 22. Thermal pad; 2201. Miniature cylinder; 23. Heat-conducting shaft; 24. Concentrating lens; 25. Buffer curved plate; 26. Connecting rod; 27. Rack; 28. Gear; 29. ​​Curved mirror; 3. Airflow guiding and heat dissipation mechanism; 31. Ventilation duct; 32. Groove; 33. Through groove; 34. Pipe assembly; 35. Rotary ring; 36. Guide vane; 37. Turbidity protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] It should be noted that the structure and working principle of the aforementioned window frame 1, glass plate 11, photovoltaic module 12 and other devices are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0056] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 10As shown, a photovoltaic module for building exterior windows includes a window frame 1, a glass panel 11 installed inside the window frame 1, a photovoltaic module 12 installed inside the glass panel 11, and a light transmission dynamic adjustment mechanism 2 provided inside the window frame 1. The light transmission dynamic adjustment mechanism 2 is used to automatically adjust the light transmittance of the glass panel 11 in response to changes in sunlight intensity.

[0057] It should be noted that the photovoltaic module 12 is composed of photovoltaic cells, cables and inverters, and the curved mirror 29 is located between adjacent photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic module 12.

[0058] Please refer to Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the light transmission dynamic adjustment mechanism 2 includes a bracket assembly 21 installed inside the window frame 1. A thermal pad 22 is installed inside the bracket assembly 21. A heat-conducting shaft 23 is installed outside the bracket assembly 21. A focusing lens 24 is installed at the end of the heat-conducting shaft 23 away from the bracket assembly 21. A connecting rod 26 is installed outside the bracket assembly 21. A rack 27 is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting rod 26. Gears 28 are meshed on the surface of the rack 27. A curved mirror 29 is installed below each gear 28.

[0059] It should be noted that the bracket assembly 21 consists of two cylindrical tubes. The thermal pad 22 and the heat-conducting shaft 23 are both located inside the inner cylindrical tube of the bracket assembly 21. The thermal pad 22 is made of thermally sensitive material, and the heat-conducting shaft 23 is made of boron nitride ceramic material. A miniature cylinder 2201 is installed inside the thermal pad 22. The output end of the miniature cylinder 2201 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 26. The focusing lens 24 is a convex lens. When parallel light rays pass through the focusing lens 24, they are refracted by the curved surface of the lens, causing the light rays to converge to a focal point, thereby achieving the focusing effect. Buffer curved plates 25 are fixedly connected between the cylindrical tubes in the bracket assembly 21. The buffer curved plates 25 are composed of two upper and lower arc plates, and the arc plates are made of rubber material. The curved mirror 29 is a Fresnel lens made of transparent acrylic material. The curved mirror 29 is initially perpendicular to the photovoltaic module 12.

[0060] Specifically, since the heat-conducting shaft 23 is made of boron nitride ceramic material, and there are many bonds between atoms or ions in the crystal structure of boron nitride ceramic, the bonding force between atoms or ions in boron nitride ceramic material is relatively strong. This allows boron nitride ceramic material to effectively transfer heat energy. Therefore, according to the sunlight intensity at different times of the day, when the incident light is focused and heated by the condenser lens 24, the heat will be transferred to the heat-sensitive pad 22 through the heat-conducting shaft 23. Since the heat-sensitive pad 22 is made of a heat-sensitive material, which is a shape memory alloy, it will change its shape when heated and return to its original shape when the temperature drops. Specifically, it is a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, which is mainly composed of nickel and titanium. Therefore, when it is subjected to heat energy input, the molecules will absorb this heat energy and convert it into molecular thermal motion, thereby causing the volume of the material to increase, that is, thermal expansion.

[0061] Since the micro cylinder 2201 is installed inside the thermal pad 22, and the trigger switch of the micro cylinder 2201 is in contact with the thermal pad 22, the thermal expansion deformation of the thermal pad 22 can trigger the micro cylinder 2201 to start, thereby pushing the connecting rod 26 to move, which in turn drives the rack 27, causing the gear 28 to rotate. Finally, the curved mirror 29, which is initially perpendicular to the photovoltaic cell, rotates and adjusts. Under strong light conditions, the photovoltaic cell will become saturated due to excessive light intensity. By deflecting the curved mirror 29, the light intensity directly hitting the surface of the photovoltaic cell is reduced, and excess light is refracted and focused to avoid efficiency saturation. Under weak light conditions, the curved mirror 29 remains perpendicular to the photovoltaic cell, so that the light is incident at the minimum angle, maximizing the light transmittance. This process is based on Fresnel's law, that is, the reflectivity and transmittance of light at the interface of a medium are related to the angle of incidence. When incident perpendicularly, the reflectivity is the lowest and the transmittance is the highest. By maximizing the light transmittance, it is ensured that as many photons as possible are absorbed by the photovoltaic cell, thereby improving the light energy utilization rate.

[0062] Example 2: Based on Example 1, please refer to... Figures 7 to 10 As shown, a heat dissipation mechanism 3 is symmetrically arranged inside the window frame 1. The heat dissipation mechanism 3 enables natural convection between the inside and outside of the window frame 1, which efficiently dissipates heat from the photovoltaic module 12. The heat dissipation mechanism 3 includes ventilation ducts 31 symmetrically installed on both sides of the photovoltaic module 12. The outer wall of the ventilation ducts 31 has a groove 32. The inside of the window frame 1 has a through groove 33 corresponding to the positions of the ventilation ducts 31 and the photovoltaic module 12. A pipe assembly 34 is installed at the end of the ventilation ducts 31. Guide vanes 36 are uniformly fixedly connected inside the ventilation ducts 31.

[0063] It should be noted that the groove 32, the through groove 33, and the side of the photovoltaic module 12 are all on the same vertical plane. The through groove 33 is trapezoidal in shape, narrow on the side near the photovoltaic module 12 and wide on the side near the groove 32. The pipe assembly 34 is composed of two curved pipes, the lower curved pipe is designed to be inclined upward in a clockwise direction, and the upper curved pipe is designed to be inclined downward in a clockwise direction. The outer wall of the upper curved pipe in the pipe assembly 34 is rotatably connected to a rotating ring 35, and the upper curved pipe in the pipe assembly 34 has a round hole at the position corresponding to the photovoltaic module 12. The guide vane 36 is inclined at a 45-degree angle to the inner wall of the ventilation duct 31, and the inclination direction between adjacent guide vanes 36 is opposite. A turbulence protrusion 37 is installed between every two adjacent guide vanes 36.

[0064] Specifically, under sunlight, the photovoltaic module 12 converts some solar energy into electrical energy, but at the same time, some solar energy is converted into heat energy, causing the temperature of the photovoltaic module 12 to rise. This is because the photovoltaic material itself has resistance, and when current passes through it, heat is generated according to Joule's law. In addition, after the semiconductor material in the photovoltaic module 12 absorbs photon energy, some of the energy is also dissipated in the form of heat. The air between the photovoltaic module 12 and the glass plate 11 is heated by contact with the heated photovoltaic module 12. Due to the heat transfer effect, heat is transferred from the higher temperature photovoltaic module 12 to the air in contact with it, causing the temperature of this part of the air to rise, its volume to expand, and its density to decrease, thus forming hot air.

[0065] Hot air, being less dense than cold air, tends to rise. This is based on thermal expansion and contraction and Archimedes' principle. When hot air expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding cold air, it is subject to buoyancy and flows upward. The ventilation duct 31 has a circular hole at the position of the upper curved pipe corresponding to the photovoltaic module 12 in the pipe assembly 34. When hot air moves upward, it encounters this opening and naturally enters the ventilation duct 31. At the same time, as the hot air rises, the air density at its original position decreases, forming a relatively low-pressure area. The cold air at the bottom will enter from the lower curved pipe to replenish the pressure difference, thereby continuously pushing hot air into the ventilation duct 31, forming natural convection and achieving efficient heat dissipation.

[0066] When the airflow encounters the inclined guide vane 36, the direction of the airflow will change according to the law of conservation of momentum. Since the adjacent guide vanes 36 are inclined in opposite directions, the airflow will deflect in the opposite direction when passing through each guide vane 36, thus forming an "S" shaped flow path.

[0067] The rotating ring 35 rotates continuously under the action of airflow, which can disrupt the airflow around the upper curved pipe. This disturbance effectively breaks the original hot air recirculation path, thereby preventing the hot air recirculation. In thermodynamics, the recirculation of hot air will lead to the reabsorption of heat and reduce heat dissipation efficiency. However, the disturbance of the rotating ring 35 ensures that heat can be discharged from the pipe assembly 34 in one direction and efficiently, avoiding unnecessary energy loss.

[0068] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A building exterior wall window photovoltaic module, comprising a window frame (1), a glass plate (11) is installed inside the window frame (1), a photovoltaic module (12) is installed inside the glass plate (11), characterized in that: The inside of the window frame (1) is provided with a light transmission dynamic adjustment mechanism (2) for automatically adjusting the light transmission of the glass plate (11) in response to changes in sunlight intensity; the light transmission dynamic adjustment mechanism (2) comprises a support group (21) mounted inside the window frame (1), a heat-sensitive pad (22) is mounted inside the support group (21), a heat-conducting shaft (23) is mounted outside the support group (21), a condenser lens (24) is mounted at one end of the heat-conducting shaft (23) away from the support group (21), a connecting rod (26) is mounted outside the support group (21), a rack (27) is uniformly fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting rod (26), a gear (28) is engaged with the surface of the rack (27), and a curved mirror (29) is mounted below the gear (28); the support group (21) as a whole comprises two cylindrical barrels, the heat-sensitive pad (22) and the heat-conducting shaft (23) are located inside the cylindrical barrel on the inner side of the support group (21), the heat-sensitive pad (22) is composed of a heat-sensitive material, the heat-conducting shaft (23) is composed of boron nitride ceramic material, and a micro air cylinder (2201) is mounted inside the heat-sensitive pad (22), and the output end of the micro air cylinder (2201) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (26); the condenser lens (24) as a whole is a convex lens, when parallel light passes through the condenser lens (24), the parallel light will be refracted by the curved surface of the lens, so that the light converges on a focal point, thereby realizing the effect of condensation; The cylindrical barrels in the support group (21) are fixedly connected with buffer curved plates (25), the buffer curved plates (25) as a whole are composed of two arc-shaped plates, and the arc-shaped plates as a whole are composed of rubber material; the curved mirror (29) is a Fresnel lens made of transparent acrylic material, and the curved mirror (29) is initially in a vertical state with the photovoltaic module (12).

2. A building exterior wall window photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inside of the window frame (1) is symmetrically provided with a flow guide heat dissipation mechanism (3), the flow guide heat dissipation mechanism (3) forms natural convection inside and outside the window frame (1), and the photovoltaic module (12) is efficiently cooled, the flow guide heat dissipation mechanism (3) comprises ventilation pipes (31) symmetrically mounted on both sides of the photovoltaic module (12), recesses (32) are formed in the outer walls of the ventilation pipes (31), through grooves (33) are formed in the inside of the window frame (1) corresponding to the positions of the ventilation pipes (31) and the photovoltaic module (12), and exhaust pipe groups (34) are mounted at the end positions of the ventilation pipes (31); the inside of the ventilation pipe (31) is uniformly fixedly connected with flow guide vanes (36).

3. A building exterior wall window photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The recesses (32), the through grooves (33) and the side portions of the photovoltaic module (12) are located in the same vertical plane, the through grooves (33) as a whole are trapezoidal, one side near the photovoltaic module (12) is narrow, and one side near the recess (32) is wide.

4. A building exterior wall window photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The row pipe group (34) is composed of two upper and lower curved pipes, the lower curved pipe is arranged upward in a clockwise direction, the upper curved pipe is arranged downward in a clockwise direction, the outer wall of the upper curved pipe in the row pipe group (34) is rotationally connected with a rotating ring (35), and the upper curved pipe in the row pipe group (34) is provided with a circular hole corresponding to the position of the photovoltaic module (12).

5. A building exterior wall window photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide vane (36) is inclined at an angle of forty-five degrees with the inner wall of the ventilation duct (31), the inclination directions of adjacent guide vanes (36) are opposite, and a turbulence protrusion (37) is installed between every two adjacent guide vanes (36).

6. A building exterior wall window photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module (12) is composed of a photovoltaic cell, a cable and an inverter, and the curved mirror (29) is located between adjacent photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic module (12).

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