Tool changing mechanism with tool jaw gap self-cleaning function

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of tool changing structure, and particularly relates to a tool changing mechanism with self-cleaning function of tool jaw gap, which comprises: a tool jaw assembly installed at the front end of a tool holder; a self-locking assembly installed at the rear end of the tool holder; a rotary driving assembly used for supporting and driving the tool holder to rotate; a cleaning assembly comprising a gas supply shaft, a gas guide hole and a gas path adapter: the gas supply shaft is arranged on the fixed flange of the rotary driving assembly; the gas guide hole is arranged on the tool holder and used for guiding the gas to flow to the inside of the tool jaw assembly; the gas path adapter is arranged at the end of the lock tool shaft, and the adapter hole in the inside is connected with the gas guide hole through a gas pipe; when the gas path adapter is connected with the gas supply shaft, the gas enters the adapter hole through the gas supply shaft, enters the inside of the tool jaw assembly along the gas pipe and the gas guide hole, and is finally sprayed out from the gap. The self-cleaning of the tool jaw gap can be realized through the cleaning assembly, the accumulation of debris and dust is effectively avoided, the tool jaw loosening and locking actions are more smooth, and the normal work of the tool changing mechanism is effectively ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tool changing mechanism, and particularly relates to a tool changing mechanism with tool jaw gap self-cleaning function. BACKGROUND

[0002] The tool changing mechanism is a key device for realizing rapid tool replacement and improving machining efficiency. Its main function is to quickly and accurately unload the old tool from the spindle and install the new tool on the spindle when the tool needs to be replaced during the machining process, so as to ensure the continuity and efficiency of the machining process.

[0003] However, since the tool changing arm of the tool changing mechanism is not an integral structure but is assembled, the joint surface generally has a gap. In the actual machining process, the debris or dust generated by machining will inevitably fly around. When the tool changing mechanism performs the spindle tool changing operation, there is a risk that debris or dust will fall into the gap of the tool jaw during the process of the tool jaw contacting and separating the tool; and since the structure of the tool jaw is relatively precise, the internal gap is small, and once the debris or dust enters, it will accumulate in the gap of the tool jaw, which will cause the tool jaw to be stuck during the subsequent tool loosening and locking process, so that the tool jaw cannot normally loosen or lock the tool, thereby affecting the normal work of the tool changing mechanism. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the problem that the tool jaw of the existing tool changing mechanism is not smooth in loosening and locking due to the accumulation of machining debris and dust, the present application provides a tool changing mechanism with tool jaw gap self-cleaning function.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a tool changing mechanism with tool jaw gap self-cleaning function, comprising:

[0006] a tool seat;

[0007] a tool jaw assembly installed at the front end of the tool seat;

[0008] a self-locking assembly installed at the rear end of the tool seat and corresponding to the tool jaw assembly, comprising a tool locking shaft penetrating through the tool seat and the tool jaw assembly;

[0009] a rotary drive assembly for supporting and driving the tool seat to rotate;

[0010] wherein, the rear end of the tool seat is further provided with a cleaning assembly, which comprises:

[0011] a gas supply shaft arranged on the fixed flange of the rotary drive assembly;

[0012] a gas guide hole arranged on the tool seat for guiding the flow of gas to the inside of the tool jaw assembly;

[0013] An air circuit adapter is provided at an end of the knife locking shaft away from the knife claw assembly and has an adapter hole therein;

[0014] The adapter hole is connected to the air guide hole through an air pipe. When the knife locking shaft is pulled out by external force, the air circuit adapter located at the end is docked with the air supply shaft. The gas enters the adapter hole through the air supply shaft, and enters the interior of the knife claw assembly along the air pipe and the air guide hole, and is finally ejected from the gap.

[0015] Furthermore, the knife claw assembly includes:

[0016] The claw body forms an activity space inside;

[0017] Two tool clamps, one end of which is away from the tool locking groove extends into the movable space and is rotatably arranged through a hinge shaft;

[0018] an elastic reset assembly, arranged in the movable space and between the two tool holders, comprising a spring arranged transversely near the ends of the tool holders, and a wedge-shaped block located between the spring and the hinge shaft;

[0019] The claw body includes a base, a cover plate, and two spacer bars, and the two spacer bars are arranged between the base and the cover plate to form the movable space, and the diameter of the through hole on the base is larger than the axial projection range of the conical locking blade segment;

[0020] The ends of the two tool clamps extending into the activity space are oppositely provided with step grooves, and the conical tool locking section of the tool locking shaft passes through the tool seat and abuts against the step grooves of the two tool clamps to realize the tool locking action.

[0021] Furthermore, the self-locking assembly further includes a first drive assembly that supports and drives the knife locking shaft to lock the knife, which includes:

[0022] A sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the knife locking shaft and fixedly arranged on the knife seat;

[0023] An elastic member is provided in the sleeve and is used to drive the knife locking shaft to move axially to lock the knife;

[0024] Among them, a first sealing structure is provided on the sliding contact surface between the knife locking shaft and the through hole of the knife claw assembly and the sleeve, and a second sealing structure is provided on the contact surface between the sleeve and the knife seat; a third sealing structure is provided on the contact surface between the knife seat and the knife claw assembly and located on the outer edge of the air guide hole.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes a second drive assembly, which is arranged at a position corresponding to the tool change point of the main shaft and the tool magazine, and is used to provide a tool-loosening driving force to the tool-locking shaft;

[0026] The second drive assembly includes a linear drive member and a clamping head arranged at the end of the drive rod of the linear drive member. The air circuit adapter is provided with a connecting groove, and the clamping head is embedded in the connecting groove of the air circuit adapter to pull the locking knife shaft to move axially.

[0027] Furthermore, the air supply shaft includes an air supply main pipe and an elastic butt joint provided at the end of the air supply main pipe;

[0028] A groove is provided on one end of the air supply main pipe facing the knife claw assembly, and the elastic docking head is embedded in the groove;

[0029] In which, the elastic docking joint includes a connecting air nozzle, a disc spring group and a limit plate; the disc spring group is arranged between the connecting air nozzle and the groove, and the limit plate is arranged on the end face of the air supply main pipe located in the groove, for limiting the connecting air nozzle in the groove, and the docking end of the connecting air nozzle extends out of the limit plate and docks with the air circuit adapter.

[0030] Furthermore, a first sealing ring is provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the connecting air nozzle in contact with the inner side wall of the groove, and a second sealing ring is provided on the contact end surface of the air supply main pipe in contact with the limiting plate.

[0031] Furthermore, the gas path adapter is provided with a first gas path and a second gas path that are connected to each other;

[0032] The first air path is arranged parallel to the axis of the air supply shaft and is connected to form a first axial path when the knife is loosened, while the second air path is arranged perpendicular to the first air path and is connected to the air guide hole through the air pipe to form a reversing path;

[0033] Furthermore, the diameter of the inlet end of the first gas path is larger than the diameter of the outlet end of the gas supply shaft.

[0034] Furthermore, the air guide hole includes a steady flow hole arranged inside the tool holder and extending through the tool holder in the axial direction, and a drainage hole arranged at the outlet end of the steady flow hole;

[0035] The drainage hole is penetrated in a radial direction toward the center of a circle, and the drainage hole is communicated with the interior of the knife claw assembly through a through hole.

[0036] Furthermore, the drainage holes are arranged obliquely along the circumferential direction of the through hole.

[0037] Furthermore, the diameter of the through hole in the knife seat is larger than the diameter of the through hole in the knife claw assembly;

[0038] Furthermore, the through hole in the knife claw assembly forms a stepped windward surface along the knife locking movement direction of the knife locking shaft.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the setting of the cleaning component in the present invention can realize self-cleaning of the gap between the knife claws, effectively avoiding the problem of knife claw jamming caused by the accumulation of debris and dust, making the knife loosening and locking actions of the knife claws smoother, improving the reliability of knife changing, and effectively ensuring the normal operation of the knife changing mechanism; and when the knife locking shaft is pulled out by external force, the annular spacing between the conical knife locking segment and the through hole of the knife claw component will increase the gas flow cross-section, and more gas will enter the active space of the knife claw component, thereby more effectively blowing out debris and dust in the gap between the knife claws, further improving the cleaning effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 2. A schematic structural diagram from a first perspective of a tool changing mechanism with a tool claw gap self-cleaning function according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 2. A schematic structural diagram of a tool changing mechanism with a tool claw gap self-cleaning function from a second perspective according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the rear end of the tool holder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the front end of the knife holder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 Schematic cross-section of a tool changing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A local enlarged view of point A;

[0047] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the air guide hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tool holder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the knife claw assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point B;

[0051] Figure 11 for Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point C.

[0052] Reference numerals: 1. knife holder; 2. knife claw assembly; 21. base; 22. cover plate; 23. spacer bar; 24. knife clamp; 25. spring; 26. wedge block; 3. self-locking assembly; 31. knife lock shaft; 31a. conical knife lock segment; 32. first drive assembly; 321. sleeve; 322. elastic member; 323. first sealing structure; 324. second sealing structure; 325. third sealing structure; 4. rotation drive assembly; 5. Cleaning assembly; 51, air supply shaft; 511, air supply main pipe; 512, connecting air nozzle; 513, disc spring assembly; 514, limit plate; 515, first sealing ring; 516, second sealing ring; 52, air guide hole; 52a, flow stabilizing hole; 52b, drainage hole; 53, air path adapter; 53a, connecting groove; 531, first air path; 532, second air path; 6, second drive assembly; 61, linear drive component; 62, chuck. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0054] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0055] like Figures 1 to 11 The tool changing mechanism shown in the figure has the function of self-cleaning the gap between the knife claws, including: a knife seat 1, a knife claw assembly 2, a self-locking assembly 3 and a rotary drive assembly 4. The knife claw assembly 2 is installed at the front end of the knife seat 1; the self-locking assembly 3 is installed at the rear end of the knife seat 1 and is arranged corresponding to the knife claw assembly 2, including a knife locking shaft 31 arranged through the knife seat 1 and the knife claw assembly 2; the rotary drive assembly 4 is used to support and drive the knife seat 1 to rotate; when the rotary drive assembly 4 is connected to the knife seat 1, it reasonably controls the reserved gap between the knife seat 1 and the rotary drive assembly 4 to ensure that the self-locking assembly 3 can rotate synchronously with the knife seat 1.

[0056] Among them, a cleaning component 5 is also provided at the rear end of the knife holder 1, which includes an air supply shaft 51, an air guide hole 52 and an air circuit adapter 53. The air supply shaft 51 is arranged on the fixed flange of the rotary drive component 4; the air guide hole 52 is arranged on the knife holder 1, and is used to guide the gas flow to the inside of the knife claw component 2; the air circuit adapter 53 is arranged at the end of the knife lock shaft 31 away from the knife claw component 2, and is provided with an adapter hole inside; the adapter hole is connected to the air guide hole 52 through an air pipe. When the knife lock shaft 31 is pulled out by external force, the air circuit adapter 53 at the end is connected to the air supply shaft 51, and the gas enters the adapter hole through the air supply shaft 51, and enters the inside of the knife claw component 2 along the air pipe and the air guide hole 52, and is ejected from the gap. It should be noted that the front end of the knife holder 1 refers to the end of the knife holder 1 away from the rotary drive component 4, and the rear end of the knife holder 1 refers to the end facing the rotary drive component 4.

[0057] In this invention, at least two sets of claw assemblies 2 are provided to facilitate tool loading and unloading operations on the spindle, saving tool changing time. The toolholder 1 is provided with positioning slots for mounting the claw assemblies 2. These two positioning slots enable precise positioning of the two claw assemblies 2, preventing tool change errors at the tool change point and ensuring tool change accuracy. Furthermore, quick-connect plugs are provided at both ends of the air pipe, allowing for replacement of the appropriate length of air pipe according to different tool release distances.

[0058] In the initial state, the knife locking shaft 31 of the self-locking component 3 extends into the knife claw component 2 to lock the two tool clamps 24; and when the rotary drive component 4 drives the knife claw component 2 on the tool holder 1 to rotate to the tool changing position, the locking shaft is pulled by an external force and moves in the direction away from the knife claw component 2 to realize the knife loosening operation; at the same time, the air path adapter 53 located at the end of the knife locking shaft 31 is docked with the air supply shaft 51, and the gas passes through the air supply shaft 51, the air path adapter 53, the air pipe and the air guide hole 52 in turn to enter the internal space of the knife claw component 2, and the gas in the internal space will be ejected outward from the gap to realize self-cleaning of the knife claw gap.

[0059] The setting of the cleaning component 5 in the present invention can realize self-cleaning of the gap between the knife claws, effectively avoiding the problem of knife claw jamming caused by the accumulation of debris and dust, making the knife loosening and locking actions of the knife claws smoother, improving the reliability of knife changing, and effectively ensuring the normal operation of the knife changing mechanism; and when the knife locking shaft 31 is pulled out by external force, the annular spacing between the conical knife locking segment 31a and the through hole of the knife claw component 2 will increase, and more gas will enter the active space of the knife claw component 2, thereby more effectively blowing out debris and dust in the gap between the knife claws, further improving the cleaning effect.

[0060] In the present invention, Figure 9As shown, the knife claw assembly 2 includes a knife claw body, two knife clamps 24, and an elastic reset assembly. A movable space is formed inside the knife claw body. The ends of the two knife clamps 24, which are away from the knife locking groove, extend into the movable space and are rotatably arranged by a hinge shaft. The elastic reset assembly is arranged in the movable space and located between the two knife clamps 24. It includes a spring 25 arranged transversely near the ends of the knife clamps 24, and a wedge block 26 located between the spring 25 and the hinge shaft.

[0061] Among them, the knife claw body includes a base 21, a cover plate 22 and two spacer bars 23, and the two spacer bars 23 are arranged between the base 21 and the cover plate 22 to form an active space. The diameter of the through hole on the base 21 is larger than the axial projection range of the conical locking knife segment 31a; the ends of the two knife clamps 24 extending into the active space are relatively provided with step grooves, and the conical locking knife segment 31a of the knife locking shaft 31 passes through the knife seat 1 and abuts on the step grooves of the two knife clamps 24 to realize the knife locking action.

[0062] In the present invention, the knife lock shaft 31 adopts a stepped structure, and the diameter of the through hole of the base 21 is larger than the diameter of the through hole of the cover plate 22. During the installation process, the base 21 is first fixed in the installation groove of the knife holder 1, and the two knife clamps 24 are set on the base 21 through the hinge shaft, and the wedge block 26 is placed between the two knife clamps 24, and is located between the two hinge shafts and fixed to the base 21 by bolts. A positioning block that cooperates with the tool positioning groove is installed on the wedge block 26; the spring 25 is horizontally arranged between the two knife clamps 24, and the two ends are respectively embedded in the two limit grooves on the opposite sides of the two knife clamps 24; then the two spacers 23 are placed on the outside of the two knife clamps 24, and are fixedly connected to the base 21 by bolts through the cover plate 22 and the spacer bars 23; finally, the cover plate 22 is fixedly connected to the corresponding wedge block 26 and the hinge shaft by bolts.

[0063] In the knife locking state, the conical knife locking segment 31a of the knife locking shaft 31 passes through the through hole of the base 21 and abuts against the two knife clamps 24; at this time, the diameter of the through hole on the base 21 is larger than the axial projection range of the conical knife locking segment 31a, and an annular spacing will be formed between the conical knife locking segment 31a and the through hole on the base 21; when air is supplied through an air gun, the annular spacing can enable the airflow introduced by the air guide hole 52 to smoothly enter the active space, so that the knife claw assembly 2 can also have a gap cleaning function in the knife locking state; and the smaller annular spacing can provide sufficient gas flow rate and impact force, which can effectively blow out debris and dust in the knife claw gap, ensuring that the knife claw can be cleaned even in the locked state.

[0064] In the present invention, the self-locking component 3 also includes a first driving component 32 that supports and drives the knife locking shaft 31 to lock the knife, which includes: a sleeve 321 and an elastic member 322, the sleeve 321 is sleeved on the outside of the knife locking shaft 31 and fixedly set on the knife seat 1; the elastic member 322 is set in the sleeve 321, and is used to drive the knife locking shaft 31 to move axially to lock the knife; a first sealing structure 323 is provided on the sliding contact surface between the knife locking shaft 31 and the knife claw assembly 2 and the through hole of the sleeve 321, and a second sealing structure 324 is provided on the contact surface between the sleeve 321 and the knife seat 1; a third sealing structure 325 is provided on the contact surface between the knife seat 1 and the knife claw assembly 2 and located at the outer edge of the air guide hole 52.

[0065] The first sealing structure 323, the second sealing structure 324, and the third sealing structure 325 effectively prevent cleaning gas from leaking at the contact surfaces between the locking shaft 31 and the claw assembly 2, the sleeve 321, and the knife holder 1, ensuring that gas can fully enter the interior space of the claw assembly 2, thereby more effectively blowing out debris and dust in the gap between the claws and improving the cleaning effect. In this solution, the elastic member 322 uses the reaction force to cause the locking shaft to lock the claw assembly 2. Therefore, the elastic member 322 can preferably be an elastic component such as a spring 25 or a disc spring.

[0066] The tool-changing mechanism of the present invention includes a second drive assembly 6, disposed at positions corresponding to the tool-changing points of the spindle and the tool magazine, for providing a tool-releasing driving force to the tool-locking shaft 31. The second drive assembly 6 includes a linear drive member 61 and a chuck 62 disposed at the end of the drive rod of the linear drive member 61. A connecting groove 53a is provided on the air circuit adapter 53, and the chuck 62 engages with the connecting groove 53a of the air circuit adapter 53 to pull the tool-locking shaft 31 for axial movement. The introduction of the second drive assembly 6 optimizes the drive mechanism of the tool-locking system, enabling it to work in conjunction with the rotary drive assembly 4, achieving seamless switching between rotary tool changing and tool-releasing actions, and improving the coordination and efficiency of the entire system.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the air supply shaft 51 includes an air supply main pipe 511 and an elastic joint provided at the end of the air supply main pipe 511; a groove is provided at one end of the air supply main pipe 511 facing the claw assembly 2, and the elastic joint is embedded in the groove;

[0068] Among them, the elastic docking joint includes a connecting air nozzle 512, a disc spring group 513 and a limit plate 514; the disc spring group 513 is arranged between the connecting air nozzle 512 and the groove, and the limit plate 514 is arranged on the end face of the air supply main pipe 511 located in the groove, which is used to limit the connecting air nozzle 512 in the groove, and the docking end of the connecting air nozzle 512 extends out of the limit plate 514 and docks with the air circuit adapter 53.

[0069] The connecting air nozzle 512 achieves floating docking during the docking process through the reaction force of the disc spring assembly 513. This floating docking mechanism allows the connecting air nozzle 512 to automatically adjust its position within a certain range, automatically correcting positional deviations when docking with the air circuit adapter 53, ensuring accurate and reliable docking. Furthermore, floating docking reduces the stringent requirements for mechanical centering accuracy during assembly, reducing assembly difficulty.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment of the above solution, a first sealing ring 515 is provided on the outer cylindrical surface where the connecting air nozzle 512 contacts the inner sidewall of the groove, and a second sealing ring 516 is provided on the end surface where the air supply main 511 contacts the limit plate 514. The provision of the first sealing ring 515 and the second sealing ring 516 effectively prevents cleaning gas from leaking between the connecting air nozzle 512 and the inner sidewall of the groove, and between the air supply main 511 and the limit plate 514, thus avoiding gas waste and ensuring that gas can fully enter the internal space of the claw assembly 2, thereby more effectively blowing out debris and dust in the gap between the claws and improving the cleaning effect.

[0071] In another preferred structure, a displacement sensor is provided at the end position of the knife locking shaft 31 for detecting the moving distance of the knife locking shaft 31 to ensure that the knife locking shaft 31 can reach the predetermined position and ensure that the knife claw assembly 2 is completely released; a first pressure sensor is provided on the contact surface between the groove and the disc spring group 513, and a second pressure sensor is provided in the contact area between the connecting air nozzle 512 and the limit plate 514.

[0072] When the knife lock shaft 31 drives the air circuit adapter 53 to dock with the connecting air nozzle 512, the displacement sensor is first used to ensure that the knife lock shaft 31 reaches the predetermined position and preliminarily completes the docking. Then, the first pressure sensor and the second sensor are used to detect the contact pressure of the docking surface. If the pressure difference between the first sensor and the second sensor reaches the set condition, it is confirmed that the contact pressure of the docking surface meets the requirement. If the value of the pressure sensor does not reach the set condition, the control system adjusts the movement of the knife lock shaft 31 in real time until the condition is met. The reaction force of the disc spring group 513 is used to achieve a tight docking between the air circuit adapter 53 and the connecting air nozzle 512, and the displacement of the connecting air nozzle 512 is accurately controlled by the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor, while ensuring the tight docking of the docking surface, effectively improving the reliability and stability of the docking, reducing the risk of gas leakage caused by loose docking, and improving the cleaning effect.

[0073] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, a first air path 531 and a second air path 532 are provided in the air path adapter 53; the first air path 531 is arranged parallel to the axis of the air supply shaft 51, and is connected to form a first axial path when the knife is loosened, while the second air path 532 is arranged perpendicular to the first air path 531 and is connected to the air guide hole 52 through the air pipe to form a reversing path; and the diameter of the inlet end of the first air path 531 is larger than the diameter of the outlet end of the air supply shaft 51.

[0074] A larger inlet diameter reduces resistance to airflow entering the gas path adapter 53, ensuring smooth airflow entry and passage through the adapter, improving airflow transmission efficiency and reducing energy loss. Furthermore, a larger inlet provides a greater tolerance for docking errors. Even if there are certain positional deviations during docking, gas can still smoothly enter the first gas path 531, improving docking reliability and reducing the risk of airflow interruption due to inaccurate docking.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air guide hole 52 includes a steady flow hole 52a provided axially through the interior of the knife seat 1, and a guide hole 52b provided at the outlet end of the steady flow hole 52a; the guide hole 52b is provided radially through the center of the circle, and the guide hole 52b is connected to the interior of the knife claw assembly 2 through a through hole;

[0076] The flow stabilizing holes 52a and the air guide holes 52 are arranged inside the knife holder 1 to realize gas supply while reducing the complexity of installation and maintenance. In addition, the built-in air holes are used to make the tool changing mechanism structure more compact and save space. When the airflow passes through the flow stabilizing holes 52a, the flow stabilizing holes 52a arranged along the axial direction can stabilize the airflow, thereby reducing the airflow fluctuation caused by the irregular shape or loose connection of the air pipe connection. The air guide holes 52 are arranged on the contact surface between the knife holder 1 and the knife claw assembly 2, and the flow guide holes 52b are arranged obliquely along the circumferential direction of the through hole, so that the gas enters the through hole of the knife holder 1 along the tangential direction of the outer circle of the knife locking shaft 31, reducing the turbulence and eddy current of the airflow during the flow process, ensuring the smooth flow of the airflow, and making the airflow evenly distributed on the circumference of the knife locking shaft 31, reducing the cleaning dead angle, and ensuring that each gap of the knife claw assembly 2 can be effectively cleaned.

[0077] In the present invention, the locking shaft 31 passes through the knife seat 1, the base 21, the two knife clamps 24 and the cover plate 22 in sequence during the locking process. Figure 11As shown, specifically, the diameter of the through-hole in the blade holder 1 is larger than that of the base 21, which is larger than the distance between the two blade clamps 24. The diameter of the through-hole in the base 21 is larger than the distance between the two blade clamps 24, while the diameter of the through-hole in the cover plate 22 is smaller than the distance between the two blade clamps 24. Gas enters through the through-hole in the blade holder 1 and flows axially. In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the through-hole in the blade holder 1 is larger than the diameter of the through-hole in the blade claw assembly 2. Furthermore, the through-hole in the blade claw assembly 2 forms a stepped windward surface along the direction of movement of the blade locking shaft 31. Due to the presence of this stepped windward surface, gas is blown onto each step upon entry. Each step creates a certain amount of resistance to the airflow, causing the airflow to gradually slow down at each step. This rectifies the airflow, guides its uniform distribution, and reduces unevenness upon entry into the blade claw assembly 2. This allows the airflow to more evenly enter the various gaps in the blade claw assembly 2, thereby removing debris and dust from the gaps and improving cleaning effectiveness.

[0078] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The foregoing embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tool changing mechanism with a self-cleaning function for the gap between the tool claws, characterized in that: include: Knife holder; A knife claw assembly is mounted on the front end of the knife seat; A self-locking assembly is installed at the rear end of the knife seat and is correspondingly arranged with the knife claw assembly, including a knife locking shaft arranged through the knife seat and the knife claw assembly; A rotary drive assembly, used for supporting and driving the tool holder to rotate; Wherein, a cleaning component is also provided at the rear end of the knife holder, which includes: an air supply shaft, arranged on a fixed flange of the rotary drive assembly; An air guide hole is provided on the knife seat and is used to guide the gas to flow into the interior of the knife claw assembly; An air circuit adapter is provided at an end of the knife locking shaft away from the knife claw assembly and has an adapter hole therein; The adapter hole is connected to the air guide hole through an air pipe. When the knife lock shaft is pulled out by an external force, the air circuit adapter at the end is connected to the air supply shaft. The gas enters the adapter hole through the air supply shaft, and enters the interior of the knife claw assembly along the air pipe and the air guide hole, and finally ejected from the gap. The air supply shaft includes an air supply main pipe and an elastic butt joint provided at the end of the air supply main pipe; A groove is provided on one end of the air supply main pipe facing the knife claw assembly, and the elastic docking head is embedded in the groove; The elastic butt joint includes a connecting gas nozzle, a disc spring assembly, and a limit plate; the disc spring assembly is arranged between the connecting gas nozzle and the groove; the limit plate is arranged on the end surface of the gas supply main pipe located in the groove, and is used to limit the connecting gas nozzle in the groove, and the butt end of the connecting gas nozzle extends out of the limit plate to butt with the gas circuit adapter; The gas circuit adapter is provided with a first gas circuit and a second gas circuit that are connected to each other; The first air path is arranged parallel to the axis of the air supply shaft and is connected to form a first axial path when the knife is loosened, while the second air path is arranged perpendicular to the first air path and is connected to the air guide hole through the air pipe to form a reversing path; The diameter of the inlet end of the first gas path is larger than the diameter of the outlet end of the gas supply shaft; The air guide hole includes a steady flow hole arranged inside the tool holder and extending through the tool holder in the axial direction, and a drainage hole arranged at the outlet end of the steady flow hole. The drainage hole is radially arranged to penetrate toward the center of the through hole of the knife seat, and the drainage hole is communicated with the interior of the knife claw assembly through the through hole on the base of the knife claw assembly.

2. The tool changing mechanism with the self-cleaning function of the tool claw gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: The knife claw assembly includes: The claw body forms an activity space inside; Two tool clamps, one end of which is away from the tool locking groove extends into the movable space and is rotatably arranged through a hinge shaft; an elastic reset assembly, arranged in the movable space and between the two tool holders, comprising a spring arranged transversely near the ends of the tool holders, and a wedge-shaped block located between the spring and the hinge shaft; The claw body includes a base, a cover plate, and two spacer bars, and the two spacer bars are arranged between the base and the cover plate to form the movable space, and the diameter of the through hole on the base is larger than the axial projection range of the conical locking blade segment; The ends of the two tool clamps extending into the activity space are oppositely provided with step grooves, and the conical tool locking section of the tool locking shaft passes through the tool seat and abuts against the step grooves of the two tool clamps to realize the tool locking action.

3. The tool changing mechanism with the self-cleaning function of the tool claw gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-locking assembly further includes a first drive assembly that supports and drives the knife locking shaft to lock the knife, which includes: A sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the knife locking shaft and fixedly arranged on the knife seat; An elastic member is provided in the sleeve and is used to drive the knife locking shaft to move axially to lock the knife; Among them, a first sealing structure is provided on the sliding contact surface between the knife locking shaft and the through hole of the knife claw assembly and the sleeve, and a second sealing structure is provided on the contact surface between the sleeve and the knife seat; a third sealing structure is provided on the contact surface between the knife seat and the knife claw assembly and located on the outer edge of the air guide hole.

4. The tool changing mechanism with the self-cleaning function of the tool claw gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second drive assembly, which is arranged at a position corresponding to the tool change point of the main shaft and the tool magazine, and is used to provide a tool release driving force to the tool locking shaft; The second drive assembly includes a linear drive member and a clamping head arranged at the end of the drive rod of the linear drive member. The air circuit adapter is provided with a connecting groove, and the clamping head is embedded in the connecting groove of the air circuit adapter to pull the locking knife shaft to move axially.

5. The tool changing mechanism with the self-cleaning function of the tool claw gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first sealing ring is provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the connecting air nozzle in contact with the inner side wall of the groove, and a second sealing ring is provided on the contact end surface of the air supply main pipe in contact with the limiting plate.

6. The tool changing mechanism with the tool claw gap self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage holes are arranged obliquely along the circumferential direction of the through hole on the knife seat.

7. The tool changing mechanism with the tool claw gap self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the through hole in the knife seat is larger than the diameter of the through hole in the knife claw assembly; The through hole in the knife claw assembly forms a stepped windward surface along the knife locking movement direction of the knife locking shaft.

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