Cutting piece identification method

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutting piece marking method, which is used for marking a cutting piece cut from a sheet and comprises the following steps of: cutting: arranging a worktable in a cutting area, and cutting the cutting piece from the sheet on the worktable according to a preset requirement; clamping connection is conducted, specifically, the cutting piece is clamped to a clamp in the cutting area, the clamp is hung to a carrier, the carrier has readable identity information, and the carrier identity information and the cutting piece information are bound; conveying, namely conveying the carrier clamped with the cut-parts to an after-finishing area through a front conveying line; and after-treatment: in the after-treatment area, marking corresponding information on the cutting piece corresponding to the carrier identity information. The information is directly marked on the cutting pieces, so that the cutting pieces can be conveniently classified and stored in different areas, the follow-up advancing path of the cutting pieces can be conveniently controlled, and the production requirements of large sewing factories are well met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for marking pieces constituting a product after they are cut from a sheet material, so that the pieces can be subsequently classified and stored in different areas. Background Art

[0002] To improve production efficiency, large-scale sewing factories generally adopt an intensive production model. This typically requires functional zoning within the factory, allowing each area to focus on a single process. Therefore, it's necessary to establish cutting areas within the factory to centrally cut and shape pieces. Furthermore, the processed pieces must be stored in separate, categorized areas to ensure a consistent supply of pieces to the sewing areas. The diverse range of products produced by processing plants year-round, each requiring a different type of piece, creates new challenges for managing piece logistics within the factory. Existing garment processing plants typically clip pieces for several garments onto a single hanger. This is then transported sequentially to the various workstations via a hanging system for the corresponding sewing process. However, this approach is not suitable for the production needs of large-scale sewing factories. When simultaneously preparing garments of varying styles and subtle size differences, pieces can be misplaced, resulting in a high rate of defective garments and disruptive production.

[0003] A Chinese patent document (publication number: CN 109352724A) discloses a method for implementing piece subcontracting, including a control terminal and a projection device. The control terminal stores a cutting file, and the projection device is installed above a workbench of a cutting table and connected to the control terminal, and the control terminal controls the projection device. The method includes the following steps: S1. Grouping all piece shape data in the cutting file so that each piece shape data contains grouping information; S2. The control terminal reads a grouping identifier and obtains the grouping information in the grouping identifier; S3. Sequentially traversing all piece shape data in the cutting file, comparing the grouping information of each piece shape data with the grouping information of the grouping identifier to see if they match; S4. If they match, the projection device illuminates the piece corresponding to each piece shape data with light, collects all illuminated pieces, and obtains all pieces in the group, thereby implementing subcontracting.

[0004] During the implementation of this cutting subcontracting method, each step requires matching the cutting piece shape data and requires the application of multiple optical instruments. The operation is relatively cumbersome and the system investment cost is high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cutting piece identification method, which is simple to implement and can directly identify the cutting pieces, thereby facilitating the subsequent storage and circulation of the cutting pieces.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a cutting piece marking method, characterized in that it is used to mark the cutting pieces cut from a sheet material, comprising the following steps: Cutting: a workbench is set up in the cutting area, and pieces are cut from the sheet material at the workbench according to pre-set requirements; Clamping: In the cutting area, the cut pieces are clamped to the fixture, and the fixture is hung on the carrier. The carrier has readable identity information, and the carrier identity information and the cut piece information are bound; Conveying: The carriers with cut pieces are transported to the finishing area through the front conveyor line; Finishing: In the finishing area, corresponding information is marked on the cut pieces corresponding to the carrier identity information.

[0007] The readable identification information set on the carrier is generally RFID, but it can also be readable information such as a barcode or QR code. RFID, barcode or QR code gives each carrier a unique identity, allowing the corresponding conveyor line to transport the target carrier to the corresponding location under the command of the central controller. This identification method ultimately marks the identity information on the cut piece, which can be achieved by affixing a barcode, QR code or RFID, or by laser marking the cut piece's identity information.

[0008] Furthermore, in the finishing area, the pieces are removed from the fixtures, and different types of pieces are packaged separately, so that similar pieces are grouped together and transported to the storage area, realizing the storage of similar pieces in different areas. This can achieve the storage of similar pieces, which is well adapted to the production needs of large sewing factories.

[0009] Furthermore, the carrier and fixture are separate components, allowing the fixture to be detached from the carrier. The fixture has readable identification information. During the clamping step, the fixture is loaded onto the carrier, allowing the carrier to clamp and hang the cut pieces through the fixture. The identity information of the fixture and carrier are bound to each other, and corresponding information is marked on the cut pieces corresponding to the fixture's identity information. During the post-processing step, the carrier and fixture are detached, and the empty carrier is transported to the cutting area via the carrier conveyor line, and the empty fixture is transported to the cutting area via the fixture conveyor line. This allows the carrier to carry multiple fixtures and hang cut pieces of different sizes simultaneously. Simply binding the information between the cut pieces and the fixtures allows the cut pieces to be clamped and hung, without causing any production disruptions.

[0010] Furthermore, several guide heads are installed at the end of the fixture conveyor line facing the cutting area. Their exit faces the workbench, where they arrange the fixtures and release them one by one. Typically, the number of guide heads matches the number of workbench, with one guide head corresponding to the position of one workbench. This arrangement of guide heads effectively accommodates the split-type structure between the fixtures and carriers, effectively adapting to the requirements of fixture arrangement and release.

[0011] Furthermore, a cutting machine is used to cut the pieces, and a robotic arm is positioned in the cutting area, communicating with the cutting machine. The robotic arm grabs a corresponding number of clamps based on the piece information transmitted by the cutting machine. After the clamps are loaded onto a carrier, the robotic arm grabs the carrier with the pieces and delivers it to the inlet of the front conveyor line. The robotic arm can selectively grab a corresponding number of clamps based on the size of the pieces, allowing large pieces to be clamped with multiple clamps, while small pieces can be clamped with a single clamp. This ensures good stability of the pieces on the carrier and a high degree of automation.

[0012] Furthermore, a screening line is set up between the cutting area and the finishing area, and the carrier conveyor line is connected to the screening line. The front conveyor line transports the carrier with the cut pieces clamped on it to the inlet end of the screening line. The outlet end of the screening line faces the finishing area. The clamp with the cut pieces clamped on it is removed from the carrier from the outlet end. The empty carrier enters the carrier conveyor line. The information on the clamp is read in the finishing area, and the corresponding information is then marked on the cut piece. By setting up the screening line, different cut pieces can be screened so that different cut pieces can be sent to the corresponding area of ​​the finishing area, which can effectively improve work efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the screening line includes an outer loop and several overload lines bridged in parallel to the outer loop. Auxiliary loading lines are located outside the overload lines, with one end of the auxiliary loading line connected to the upstream side of the outer loop and the other end connected to the overload line. The provision of these overload lines and auxiliary loading lines effectively increases the screening line's storage capacity for carriers, facilitating the flow and screening of carriers within the screening line.

[0014] Furthermore, an empty carrier storage area is provided on the carrier conveyor line. At least two storage lines are arranged in parallel in the empty carrier storage area, with both ends of these storage lines connected to the carrier conveyor line. The empty carrier storage area effectively increases the empty carrier carrying capacity of the carrier conveyor line, allowing for sufficient empty carriers to be provided to the cutting area. This ensures that the amount of empty carriers meets the needs of the cutting area, without limiting the efficiency of the cutting area.

[0015] Furthermore, the cutting area is provided with a plurality of workbenches, and the front conveyor line extends to the positions of all the workbenches. The carrier conveyor line and the front conveyor line are connected to form a loop line, and an intermediate line is bridged at the middle position of the length direction of the carrier conveyor line and the front conveyor line. The intermediate line allows some empty carriers to move from the carrier conveyor line to the front conveyor line. This aspect can effectively simplify the structure and facilitate the provision of an integral flexible drive device at the positions of the front conveyor line and the carrier conveyor line. By setting up the intermediate line, some empty carriers can pass quickly from the intermediate line, which well adapts to the requirements of large cutting areas for the rapid transportation of empty carriers and can reduce the circulation distance of empty carriers on the carrier conveyor line.

[0016] Furthermore, a cutting piece shelf is set up in the finishing area, and the marked cutting pieces are sorted and stored in the cutting piece shelf. Placing the cutting piece shelf directly in the finishing area can effectively improve work efficiency.

[0017] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by directly marking information on the pieces, it is convenient to classify the pieces, partition and store them in large quantities, and can well meet the needs of large sewing factories for the quantity of pieces, facilitate the subsequent transportation of the pieces to the target area, reduce the error rate of the piece flow route, and ensure the operating efficiency of large factories. Directly marking information on the pieces provides a basis for the automated operation of the factory, facilitates the realization of automated operations in the factory, reduces labor costs, and improves work efficiency. The carrier with the pieces clamped and hung is transported through the front conveyor line, which has high operating efficiency and is conducive to the large-scale processing of pieces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is the system structure diagram corresponding to this identification method.

[0019] In the figure: 1. Cutting rack; 2. Finishing area; 3. Screening line; 31. Overload line; 32. Auxiliary load line; 4. Carrier; 5. Clamp conveyor line; 6. Cutting machine; 7. Guide head; 8. Front conveyor line; 9. Carrier conveyor line; 10. Middle line; 11. Workbench; 12. Storage line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In conjunction with the drawings in the specification, this piece identification method is used to identify pieces cut from a sheet material, so that the carrier sheet itself carries identity information, thereby facilitating the centralized classification and partitioned storage of the pieces. This piece identification method is generally suitable for relatively large pieces with a certain degree of hardness, such as leather, leather or wool, but it is not excluded for some softer or smaller fabrics. The implementation of this identification method also depends on Figure 1 The system shown in , meets the requirements of high automation implementation.

[0021] The marking method for cut pieces comprises the following steps during implementation: cutting, clamping, conveying and finishing.

[0022] A cutting area is set up in the factory building, and the cutting steps of the pieces are implemented in the cutting area. A workbench 11 is set up in the cutting area, and there are multiple workbenches 11, and these workbenches 11 are generally arranged in a row. The pieces are cut from the sheets at the workbench 11 according to the pre-set requirements. The cutting of the pieces can be achieved by manual labor, a saw-type cutting machine 6 or a laser cutting machine 6. When mechanical cutting is adopted, multiple sheets of material are generally stacked together, and a piece will be cut out in a stack. For the pre-set requirements, the parameters of the piece are mainly set, and the parameters include the shape of the piece, the size of the piece, etc. The mechanical cutting machine 6 will be pre-inputted with the trajectory of the periphery of the piece to form the shape and size of the piece.

[0023] In the cutting area, the cut pieces are clamped to the clamp to complete the clamping step. The clamp can be fixedly attached to the carrier 4, or it can be detached from the carrier 4 as described below. The carrier 4 has readable identity information, and the identity information of the carrier 4 and the piece information are associated and bound. The conveying step is completed by the conveyor line. The conveyor line can be equipped with a card reader at certain joints to read the identity information of the carrier 4. The central controller on the conveyor line will confirm the location of the carrier 4 through the identity information of the carrier 4, and select a better path based on the actual production conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to send a signal to instruct the track change mechanism on the conveyor line to work, so that the target carrier 4 changes track to the specified path, and finally the target carrier 4 reaches the target area. The structure of a conveyor line generally includes parallel conveyor rails and a flexible drive mechanism, typically a drive chain or belt, with several brushes or drive rods extending toward the conveyor rails. The carrier 4 has a mounting structure for attaching to the conveyor rails, typically a rotatable roller. The drive mechanism drives the carrier 4, causing the mounting structure to slide or roll forward on the conveyor rails. The conveyor line includes the following: the front conveyor line 8, the screening line 3, the carrier conveyor line 9, and the fixture conveyor line 5.

[0024] The front conveyor line 8 is set to the cutting area, and the front conveyor line 8 conveys the carrier 4 with the cut pieces clamped thereon to the post-finishing area 2. After the post-finishing step is completed in the post-finishing area 2, the operator can read the identity information on the carrier 4 through a handheld card reader, or read the identity information on the fixture, thereby marking the corresponding information on the cut pieces. Here, the identity information on the carrier 4 can correspond to the cut piece identification information, or the identity information on the fixture can correspond to the cut piece identification information. Since the identity information on the fixture can be bound to the identity information on the carrier 4, the identification information on the cut piece also corresponds to the identity information on the carrier 4. When marking the identity information of the cut pieces, the information can be marked for each cut piece, or the identity information can be marked on the outer side of one or two cut pieces on the outside of a stack of cut pieces.

[0025] Since large quantities of pieces are cut in the cutting area, and the cutting area provides pieces for the corresponding functional areas of the entire factory, this involves the storage needs of the pieces. Therefore, in the finishing area 2, the pieces are removed from the clamps, and different types of pieces are packaged separately, so that the same type of pieces are put together and transported to the storage area to achieve the same type and partitioned storage of pieces. Normally, cutting pieces shelves 1 are set at the opposite sides of the finishing area 2, and the pieces with marked information are classified and partitioned and stored on the cutting pieces shelves 1. The number and type of pieces cut in the cutting area, as well as the storage location information of different pieces will be fed back to the central controller. When the pieces are subsequently used in the sewing process, the central controller will instruct manual or corresponding mechanical equipment to retrieve the target pieces from the storage area in order to realize the supply of pieces. The piece identity information includes the color, shape, size, etc. of the piece.

[0026] The carrier 4 and the clamp can be set up in a split manner, and the clamp can be detached from the carrier 4. The clamp can be circulated between the corresponding areas as a separate component, and the empty carrier 4 can also be circulated between the corresponding areas as a separate component. The clamp realizes the clamping function of the cut piece, and the carrier 4 realizes the function of hanging and carrying the clamp. The clamp also has readable identity information, and RFID is more commonly used for identification. In the clamping step, the clamp is loaded onto the carrier 4. The cut piece can be clamped to the clamp first, and then the clamp is hung on the carrier 4. The clamp can also be hung on the carrier 4 first, and then the cut piece is clamped using the clamp. Two card readers can be used to read the identity information of both the clamp and the carrier 4 together. The card reader transmits the read information to the central controller, and the central controller associates the two pieces of information, thereby realizing information binding. In the finishing area 2, an operator uses a handheld card reader to read the identity information of the fixture. This card reader is connected to the central controller, which can reflect the information of the piece clamped on the fixture. The piece is then identified and stored in the corresponding area, which is associated with the piece identification information by the central controller. This allows the operator to find the target piece in the target area when the piece is subsequently shipped out of the warehouse. During the subsequent circulation process of the target piece, if the identification information on the piece is read by the card reader at the corresponding position, the central controller can control the corresponding track switching mechanism on the conveyor line according to the production order, so that the target piece moves along the predetermined path and reaches each process in sequence, completing the sewing steps from the piece to the finished product. In the finishing step, the piece needs to be disengaged from the fixture, and the carrier 4 is also disengaged from the fixture. The empty carrier 4 is transported to the cutting area via the carrier conveyor line 9, and the empty fixture is transported to the cutting area via the fixture conveyor line 5. A storage area for empty carriers 4 is provided on the carrier conveyor line 9. At least two storage lines 12 are arranged in parallel within this empty carrier storage area, each connected to the carrier conveyor line 9. Empty carriers 4 and empty fixtures are separated when they arrive at the cutting area. To achieve the clamping and transport of cut pieces, fixtures must be loaded onto carriers 4.

[0027] A guide head 7 is provided at one end of the fixture conveyor line 5 facing the cutting area. The number of guide heads 7 matches the number of workbenches 11, and the outlet end of the guide head 7 faces the corresponding workbench 11. A guide groove is provided in the guide head 7, and the fixture has a running part, which is generally a roller structure. The running part is arranged in the guide groove, and the main body of the fixture extends downward. The fixture has a movable clamp, which can be clamped and loosened by the combination of a nut and a stud, or can be elastically opened or elastically clamped by the provision of a spring or torsion spring. A distribution device can be provided at the outlet end of the guide head 7 to release the fixtures one by one from the outlet end of the guide head 7. A spring can also be provided at the outlet end of the guide head 7 to elastically limit the running part of the fixture by the provision of the spring. The fixtures can be pulled down one by one from the outlet end of the guide head 7 by a mechanical arm or manually.

[0028] A cutting machine 6 is set on each workbench 11 in the cutting area, and the cutting machine 6 is used to quickly cut the pieces. The parameters of the pieces to be cut are input into the cutting machine 6, and the cutting machine 6 cuts the sheet on the workbench 11 according to these parameters, thereby obtaining pieces of corresponding shapes and sizes. These parameters of the pieces will also be recorded by the central controller, and the central control can grasp the position and quantity of the pieces by binding the corresponding information. The information involved is the parameters of the pieces input into the cutting machine as the information source. A robotic arm is set in the cutting area. The robotic arm can be one, which can be arranged on a walking rail, and all the cutting machines 6 are operated by one robotic arm. Alternatively, a robotic arm can be set at the position of one cutting machine 6, or one robotic arm can be shared by two cutting machines 6. The robotic arm is connected to the cutting machine 6 for communication. The robotic arm grabs the corresponding number of clamps based on the information of the cutting pieces sent back by the cutting machine 6. These parameters are also recorded by the central controller. The central controller instructs the robotic arm to grab the cut cutting pieces at the cutting machine 6 in order. After grabbing a stack of cutting pieces, the stack of cutting pieces will be clamped to which clamp or clamps. The parameters of the stack of cutting pieces will be associated and bound with the corresponding clamps by the central controller. If the size of the cutting piece is small, the robotic arm grabs a clamp from the exit end of the guide head 7. If the size of the cutting piece is large, the robotic arm grabs two or three clamps one by one from the exit end of the guide head 7. After the clamp is loaded onto the carrier 4, the robotic arm grabs the carrier 4 with the cutting piece and sends it to the inlet end of the front conveyor line 8. The front conveyor line 8 transports the cutting piece to the rear sorting area 2 through the carrier 4.

[0029] Sometimes, there are many different types of pieces, and with multiple cutting machines 6 operating simultaneously, if all these pieces are transported centrally to the finishing area 2, this can place significant pressure on the finishing area 2 and easily cause chaos. Therefore, a screening line 3 is installed between the cutting and finishing areas. A front conveyor line 8 transports carriers 4 holding pieces to the inlet of the screening line 3, with the outlet of the screening line 3 facing the finishing area 2. A central controller communicates with a card reader installed on the screening line 3. The card reader reads the identification information on the fixtures or carriers 4 and, combined with the piece parameters input by the cutting machines 6, preliminarily categorizes the corresponding carriers 4 on the screening line 3 for preliminary screening of the pieces. This allows roughly similar pieces to be concentrated at one or more nearby outlets of the screening line 3, thereby reducing the workload in the finishing area 2. Operators in the finishing area 2 remove the fixtures holding pieces from the carriers 4 at the outlet of the screening line 3, leaving the empty carriers 4 at the outlet of the screening line 3. In the finishing area 2, the information on the clamp is read and combined with the cutting parameters recorded by the central control, and then the corresponding information is marked on the cutting piece. The carrier conveyor line 9 is connected to the screening line 3. The empty carrier 4 enters the carrier conveyor line 9 from the screening line 3 and is finally sent to the loading and cutting area.

[0030] The screening line 3 includes an outer ring line and several overload lines 31 bridged in parallel on the outer ring line. In order to improve the carrying capacity of the screening line 3 for the carrier 4, a secondary load line 32 is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the overload line 31. One end of the secondary load line 32 is connected to the upstream side of the outer ring line, and the other end is connected to the overload line 31.

[0031] The carrier conveyor line 9 and the front conveyor line 8 are connected to form a closed loop, and an intermediate line 10 is bridged at the middle position of the length direction of the carrier conveyor line 9 and the front conveyor line 8. The intermediate line 10 allows some empty carriers 4 to move from the carrier conveyor line 9 to the front conveyor line 8. The intermediate line 10 includes an intermediate rail, and the two ends of the intermediate rail are respectively facing the carrier conveyor line 9 and the front conveyor line 8. Track changing mechanisms are movably provided at both ends of the intermediate rail to enable the empty carrier 4 to enter the intermediate rail from the carrier conveyor line 9, and to enable the empty carrier 4 to enter the front conveyor line 8 from the intermediate rail. The intermediate rail can be set at an angle, using gravity to enable the space carrier 4 to pass through the intermediate rail; or a brush-type flexible pushing mechanism can be set on the intermediate rail to push the empty carrier 4 to pass through the intermediate rail smoothly. Correspondingly, the aforementioned overload line 31 and auxiliary load line 32 also have a structure similar to that of the intermediate line 10.

[0032] The identity information involved is equivalent to the numbering of the carrier 4 and the fixture. Different carriers 4 have different identity information, and different fixtures also have different identity information. A factory can establish a set of information compilation rules internally and then form a set of readable information codes based on the rule framework.

Claims

1. A method for marking cut pieces, characterized in that: The method is used to mark pieces cut from a sheet material, comprising the following steps: Cutting: a workbench is set up in the cutting area, and pieces are cut from the sheet material at the workbench according to pre-set requirements; Clamping: In the cutting area, the cut pieces are clamped to the fixture, and the fixture is hung on the carrier. The carrier has readable identity information, and the carrier identity information and the cut piece information are bound; Conveying: The carriers with cut pieces are transported to the finishing area through the front conveyor line; Finishing: In the finishing area, corresponding information is marked on the cut pieces corresponding to the carrier identity information.

2. The cut piece marking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the finishing area, the pieces are removed from the fixtures, and different types of pieces are packaged separately, so that the same type of pieces are put together and transported to the storage area to achieve the same type and zoned storage of pieces.

3. The cut piece marking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carrier and the clamp are set separately, the clamp can be detached from the carrier, and the clamp has readable identity information; in the clamping step, the clamp is loaded onto the carrier, so that the carrier can clamp the cut piece through the clamp, and the identity information of the clamp and the carrier are bound accordingly, and the corresponding information is marked on the cut piece according to the clamp identity information; in the post-finishing step, the carrier and the clamp are detached, and the empty carrier is transported to the cutting area through the carrier conveyor line, and the empty clamp is transported to the cutting area through the clamp conveyor line.

4. The cut piece marking method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of guide heads are provided at one end of the fixture conveying line facing the cutting area, the outlet ends of the guide heads face the workbench, the guide heads are used to arrange the fixtures, and the guide heads release the fixtures one by one.

5. The cut piece marking method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: A cutting machine is used to cut the pieces, and a robotic arm is set up in the cutting area to communicate with the cutting machine. The robotic arm grabs the corresponding number of clamps based on the piece information sent back by the cutting machine. After the clamps are loaded onto the carrier, the robotic arm grabs the carrier with the pieces clamped and sends it to the inlet end of the front conveyor line.

6. The cut piece marking method according to claim 5, characterized in that: A screening line is set between the cutting area and the finishing area, and the carrier conveyor line is connected to the screening line. The front conveyor line conveys the carrier with the cutting pieces clamped on it to the inlet end of the screening line. The outlet end of the screening line faces the finishing area. The clamp with the cutting pieces clamped on it is removed from the carrier from the outlet end, and the empty carrier enters the carrier conveyor line. The information on the clamp is read in the finishing area, and then the corresponding information is marked on the cutting piece.

7. The cut piece marking method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The screening line includes an outer ring line and several overload lines bridged in parallel on the outer ring line. A secondary load line is correspondingly arranged on the outside of the overload line. One end of the secondary load line is connected to the upstream side of the outer ring line, and the other end is connected to the overload line.

8. The cut piece marking method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: An empty carrier storage area is set on the carrier conveying line, and at least two storage lines are set in parallel in the empty carrier storage area, and both ends of these storage lines are respectively connected to the carrier conveying line.

9. The cut piece marking method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The cutting area is provided with multiple workbenches, and the front conveyor line extends to all workbench positions. The carrier conveyor line and the front conveyor line are connected into a loop line, and an intermediate line is bridged at the middle position in the length direction of the carrier conveyor line and the front conveyor line. The intermediate line is used for some empty carriers to move from the carrier conveyor line to the front conveyor line.

10. The cut piece marking method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Set up cutting piece shelves in the finishing area, and classify and partition the cutting pieces with marked information and store them on the cutting piece shelves.

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