Deep venipuncture auxiliary system and method based on optical fiber blood oxygen measurement

Abstract

The invention provides a deep vein puncture auxiliary system and method based on optical fiber blood oxygen measurement. The deep vein puncture auxiliary system comprises a puncture needle; the optical fiber sensor is arranged in the puncture needle; the photoelectric detection module is connected with the optical fiber sensor and is used for emitting light with at least two wavelengths to the optical fiber sensor and receiving an optical signal reflected and returned by tissue so as to calculate the oxyhemoglobin saturation value of the needle point part; the prompting device is connected with the photoelectric detection module and used for providing a prompting signal when it is detected that the needle tip enters the blood vessel. According to the system, an optical fiber sensor is integrated in a puncture needle, and blood oxygen saturation and pulse signals at a needle point are monitored in real time through dual-wavelength optical measurement, so that whether the needle point enters deep veins or not is judged in an auxiliary mode in the puncture process. Compared with a traditional puncture mode guided by experience or images, the embodiment of the invention can provide a real-time biological signal driven judgment basis, the one-time success rate of deep vein puncture can be remarkably improved, and the risks of mistakenly puncturing the artery and the like are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of venipuncture, and in particular to a deep vein puncture auxiliary system and method based on fiber optic blood oximetry. Background Art

[0002] Deep vein puncture (e.g., central vein puncture, such as the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein) is a common and technically demanding procedure in clinical critical care and emergency care. Currently, clinicians rely primarily on anatomical positioning combined with experience for puncture, or ultrasound guidance to improve success rates. However, anatomical positioning methods have limited success rates and are susceptible to individual patient variability. In patients with obesity or poor vascular conditions, puncture failure or the risk of inadvertent puncture of adjacent arteries is also a risk. While ultrasound guidance improves visualization, it requires specialized equipment and is cumbersome, making it difficult to use in certain emergency situations. Furthermore, even when the needle tip enters the vessel, the operator typically still needs to determine whether the needle tip has entered the target vein by observing blood return or pressure. This traditional method is subject to delays and subjective errors. A technology that can monitor the needle tip's entry into the target vein in real time and provide immediate notification would greatly improve the safety and success rate of deep vein puncture.

[0003] Fiber-optic pulse oximetry technology is widely used at fingertips, earlobes, and other locations. It calculates blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) by detecting the difference in the absorption of red and infrared light in blood. Under normal circumstances, arterial blood has an oxygen saturation of approximately 95–100%, while mixed venous blood has an oxygen saturation of approximately 65–75%. By integrating a miniature oximeter into the tip of a puncture needle, this difference can be exploited. When the needle tip enters a vessel with varying oxygen richness, the measured oximeter and pulse signal will change significantly. Therefore, integrating fiber-optic oximetry into the puncture needle has the potential to determine the needle tip's position in real time without visually observing blood return. However, currently, no mature product integrates fiber-optic oximetry with a puncture needle for deep vein puncture assistance. While existing central venous catheters include fiber-optic probes for continuous venous oximetry monitoring, these technologies are primarily used for post-catheterization monitoring, not for guiding positioning at the moment of puncture.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an innovative puncture assistance system that introduces fiber optic oximetry into the puncture process to achieve real-time judgment of the needle tip position. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and proposes a deep vein puncture auxiliary system and method based on fiber optic blood oximetry.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a deep vein puncture assistance system based on fiber optic oximetry, comprising: puncture needle; an optical fiber sensor, the optical fiber sensor being disposed inside the puncture needle; a photoelectric detection module connected to the optical fiber sensor and configured to transmit light of at least two wavelengths to the optical fiber sensor and receive light signals reflected back by tissue to calculate the blood oxygen saturation value at the needle tip; A prompting device is connected to the photoelectric detection module and is used to provide a prompting signal when it is detected that the needle tip enters a blood vessel.

[0007] In some possible embodiments, the optical fiber sensor includes two optical fiber channels respectively used for light of different wavelengths, so as to realize dual-channel collection of light reflected from blood.

[0008] In some possible embodiments, the photoelectric detection module is further configured to: Calculate the ratio of received light signals of different wavelengths to obtain the blood oxygen saturation value and detect the pulsation signal characteristics therein; Whether the needle tip of the puncture needle has entered a blood vessel and the type of the blood vessel are determined according to the blood oxygen saturation value and the pulse signal characteristics.

[0009] In some possible embodiments, the photoelectric detection module is further configured to: When the blood oxygen saturation value is within the normal range of venous blood and a pulsation signal of a predetermined amplitude is detected, it is determined that the puncture needle has entered the vein, and the prompt device is controlled to issue an indication signal indicating that the needle has entered the vein; and When the blood oxygen saturation value is higher than the normal range, it is determined that the puncture needle has entered the artery, and the prompt device is controlled to send a warning signal to indicate that the needle has entered the artery.

[0010] In some possible embodiments, at least two light emitting diodes are provided in the photoelectric detection module, and the at least two light emitting diodes can respectively emit 660 nm red light and 940 nm infrared light.

[0011] In some possible embodiments, the prompt device includes a visual indicator light and / or an audible alarm to provide an intuitive prompt when the human eye cannot directly observe blood reflux.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a deep vein puncture assistance method based on fiber optic oximetry, comprising the following steps: A puncture needle with a fiber optic sensor is inserted into the target area; During the puncture process, the photoelectric detection module continuously emits light of at least two wavelengths to the optical fiber sensor and receives reflected light signals; Calculating the blood oxygen saturation value and pulsation signal characteristics corresponding to the reflected light signal; Based on the blood oxygen saturation value and the pulse signal characteristics, it is determined whether the needle tip of the puncture needle has entered the blood vessel and the type of blood vessel, and a corresponding prompt signal is generated.

[0013] In some possible embodiments, judging whether the needle tip of the puncture needle has entered a blood vessel and the type of blood vessel based on the blood oxygen saturation value and the pulse signal characteristics includes: If the blood oxygen saturation value decreases between 65% and 85% and a periodic pulse waveform appears in the pulsation signal characteristic, it is determined that the needle tip has entered the vein; If only high blood oxygen saturation without obvious pulsation is detected, it is determined that the needle tip has entered the arterial blood vessel.

[0014] In some possible embodiments, the method further includes: By smoothing and filtering the results of multiple consecutive samplings and detecting the peak value, we can avoid misjudgment caused by transient false signals. The prompt signal will be issued only when the conditions for entering the blood vessel are met for several consecutive heartbeat cycles. Based on the prompt signal, the operator performs subsequent steps: continuing the catheterization operation when the venous blood vessel is successfully entered; if it is detected that the arterial blood vessel has been entered, timely adjusting the direction of the puncture needle or re-puncturing.

[0015] In some possible embodiments, the at least two wavelengths of light include 660 nm red light and 940 nm infrared light.

[0016] The fiber-optic oximetry-based deep vein puncture assistance system and method of the present invention integrates a fiber-optic sensor within the puncture needle. This dual-wavelength optical measurement monitors the blood oxygen saturation and pulsation signal at the needle tip in real time, assisting in determining whether the needle tip has entered the deep vein during the puncture process. Compared to traditional puncture methods that rely on experience or imaging guidance, the present invention provides real-time, biosignal-driven judgment, significantly improving the first-time success rate of deep vein puncture and reducing the risk of accidental arterial puncture.

[0017] Furthermore, the fiber-optic oximetry-based deep vein puncture assistance system and method of the present invention do not rely on cumbersome imaging equipment. Instead, they focus on positioning assistance during the puncture process. They offer independent hardware configurations and discrimination algorithms that can be integrated with traditional puncture procedures. The operator simply inserts the needle normally, while the system automatically monitors the needle tip signal and provides feedback at critical moments. Consequently, the present invention improves the first-pass success rate and reduces the risk of complications without significantly increasing the complexity of the procedure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure of a deep vein puncture auxiliary system based on fiber optic oximetry according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Flowchart of a deep vein puncture assistance method based on fiber optic oximetry according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a deep vein puncture auxiliary system based on fiber optic blood oximetry according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention relates to a deep vein puncture assistance system based on fiber optic oximetry, comprising: a puncture needle 1, a fiber optic sensor 2, a photoelectric detection module 3, and a prompting device 4. The fiber optic sensor 2 is disposed within the puncture needle 1; the photoelectric detection module 3 is connected to the fiber optic sensor 2 and is configured to transmit light of at least two wavelengths toward the fiber optic sensor 2 and receive light signals reflected back from tissue to calculate the blood oxygen saturation value at the needle tip. The prompting device 4 is connected to the photoelectric detection module 3 and is configured to provide a prompting signal when it detects that the needle tip has entered a blood vessel.

[0022] The fiber-optic oximetry-based deep vein puncture assistance system of this embodiment integrates a fiber-optic sensor within the puncture needle. This system uses dual-wavelength optical measurements to monitor blood oxygen saturation and pulsation signals at the needle tip in real time, assisting in determining whether the needle tip has entered a deep vein during the puncture process. Compared to traditional puncture methods that rely on experience or imaging guidance, this embodiment of the invention provides real-time, biosignal-driven judgment, significantly improving the first-time success rate of deep vein puncture and reducing the risk of accidental arterial puncture.

[0023] Furthermore, the fiber-optic oximetry-based deep vein puncture assistance system of the present invention does not rely on cumbersome imaging equipment. Instead, it focuses on positioning assistance during the puncture process, offering independent hardware configuration and discrimination algorithms that can be integrated with traditional puncture procedures. The operator simply inserts the needle normally, while the system automatically monitors the needle tip signal and provides feedback at critical moments. Therefore, the present invention improves the first-pass puncture success rate and reduces the risk of complications without significantly increasing the complexity of the procedure.

[0024] For example, Figure 1As shown, the fiber optic sensor 2 includes two fiber optic channels for light of different wavelengths, respectively, for achieving dual-channel collection of blood-reflected light. In some embodiments, the photoelectric detection module 3 is provided with at least two light-emitting diodes, each capable of emitting 660 nm red light and 940 nm infrared light, respectively.

[0025] In the deep vein puncture assistance system based on fiber optic oximetry according to the present invention, the fiber optic sensor uses two independent fiber optic channels. Combined with the photoelectric detection module's dual LED light sources of 660 nm red light and 940 nm infrared light, it achieves high-precision dual-wavelength oximetry detection, with the following advantages: 1. Improve blood oxygen detection accuracy Dual-wavelength optimized measurement: The combination of 660 nm red light (sensitive to reduced hemoglobin Hb) and 940 nm infrared light (sensitive to oxyhemoglobin HbO2) allows for accurate calculation of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), avoiding the errors of single wavelength detection.

[0026] Dual-channel independent acquisition: Two optical fibers transmit reflected light of different wavelengths, avoiding signal crosstalk, ensuring data independence, and improving signal-to-noise ratio.

[0027] 2. Enhance anti-interference capabilities Ambient light suppression: Dual-channel synchronous acquisition combined with differential signal processing can effectively eliminate interference from ambient light (such as surgical shadowless lamps) and improve detection reliability under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions.

[0028] Motion artifact compensation: Dual-wavelength data can be cross-validated to reduce signal fluctuations caused by needle movement or tissue jitter, suitable for dynamic puncture processes.

[0029] 3. Optimize system response speed Better real-time performance: Two optical fibers transmit light signals in parallel, and the photoelectric detection module can quickly switch the dual LED light sources (such as time-sharing modulation), achieving millisecond-level blood oxygen data updates and ensuring real-time feedback during the puncture process.

[0030] Low-power design: Dual LEDs can be lit on demand in time-sharing mode, avoiding continuous high-power operation and extending the battery life of portable devices (such as handheld puncture assist devices).

[0031] 4. Compact structure and easy to integrate Miniaturized design: Two optical fibers can be integrated into a standard puncture needle (such as 18G~20G) without increasing the needle diameter, maintaining the convenience of clinical operation.

[0032] Modular expansion: The design can flexibly adapt to more wavelengths (such as 810 nm for tissue penetration depth calibration) and support future upgrades to multi-parameter detection (such as hemoglobin concentration).

[0033] In summary, the deep vein puncture assistance system based on fiber optic blood oximetry in the embodiment of the present invention has significantly improved detection accuracy, anti-interference, real-time performance and integration through the collaborative design of dual fiber optic channels + dual-wavelength LEDs. It is particularly suitable for clinical scenarios such as deep vein puncture that have extremely high requirements for real-time performance and reliability.

[0034] For example, Figure 1 As shown, the photoelectric detection module 3 is specifically used to: calculate the ratio of the received light signals of different wavelengths to obtain the blood oxygen saturation value, and detect the pulsation signal characteristics therein; determine whether the needle tip of the puncture needle has entered the blood vessel and the type of blood vessel based on the blood oxygen saturation value and the pulsation signal characteristics.

[0035] Specifically, when the blood oxygen saturation value is within the normal range of venous blood and a pulsation signal of a predetermined amplitude is detected, it is determined that the puncture needle has entered the venous blood vessel, and the prompt device is controlled to issue an indication signal of entering the venous blood vessel; and when the blood oxygen saturation value is higher than the normal range, it is determined that the puncture needle has entered the arterial blood vessel, and the prompt device is controlled to issue a warning signal to indicate entering the arterial blood vessel.

[0036] The present invention provides a deep vein puncture assistance system based on fiber-optic oximetry. This system integrates a fiber-optic sensor into the puncture needle and uses dual-wavelength optical measurement to detect characteristic blood signals at the needle tip's location. When the puncture needle tip enters a blood vessel, direct contact with blood causes significant changes in the reflected light intensity of different wavelengths. The absorption characteristics of the red and infrared light used in this system vary with blood oxygen content, so their intensity ratio can reflect the blood's oxygenation level. Furthermore, blood flow within the vessel is driven by the heartbeat, resulting in periodic pulsations in the optical signal. If the needle tip has not entered the vessel, the optical fiber detects the tissue background signal, resulting in a relatively stable light intensity ratio and a lack of noticeable pulsation. Once inside the vessel, the light intensity ratio undergoes a sudden change, and pulsation is detected simultaneously. The present invention's photoelectric detection module analyzes these characteristics in real time: only when an abnormal change in the light intensity ratio is detected, accompanied by a heartbeat signal, is the puncture considered successful, significantly reducing the possibility of misjudgment. Furthermore, by comparing the light intensity ratio's corresponding oxygen saturation level and pulsation intensity, the present invention can distinguish whether the needle tip has entered a vein or artery: Venous oxygen saturation is typically around 70% with a weak pulsation signal, while arterial oxygen saturation approaches 95% or above with a significant pulsation signal. Consequently, when the system identifies an arterial characteristic, it promptly alerts the operator, preventing the catheter from being placed in an artery.

[0037] In summary, this invention, instead of relying on complex imaging equipment, focuses on positioning assistance during the puncture process. It proposes an independent hardware configuration and discrimination algorithm that can be integrated with traditional puncture procedures. The operator simply inserts the needle normally, while the system automatically monitors the needle tip signal and provides feedback at critical moments. Consequently, this invention improves the first-pass puncture success rate and reduces the risk of complications without significantly increasing the complexity of the procedure.

[0038] Specifically, the steps for performing a puncture using this system include turning on the device, percutaneously puncturing the intended blood vessel, and monitoring the signal in real time. The moment the needle tip enters the target vein, the device will indicate "entering the vessel" through an indicator light or audible prompt, usually several seconds before the visible blood withdrawal, allowing the operator to stop and prevent puncture of the posterior wall of the vein. If the needle accidentally enters an artery, the device will sound an alarm (such as a flashing red light and an audible alarm), prompting the operator to immediately stop and reselect the puncture site. After confirming entry into the vein, the operator follows the standard procedure to insert the guidewire and advance the catheter into the vein to complete the catheterization. During this process, the fiber optic assembly can be removed to avoid interfering with the guidewire's passage. If no prompt is received, be careful to avoid accidentally entering other tissues or cavities. This method does not require additional puncture steps, but provides objective physiological signal evidence, making deep vein puncture safer and more efficient.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the puncture needle 1 can be modified from a conventional hollow puncture needle. A fiber optic sensor 2 for optical detection is fixedly positioned near the needle tip. This fiber optic sensor 2 can include a dual-channel optical fiber that transmits red and infrared light, with its distal end located immediately inside the needle tip. Once the needle tip enters a blood vessel, blood surrounds the distal end of the fiber, which then transmits information about light reflections from the blood. A sealed structure allows the fiber to be routed from the needle hub and connected to a photoelectric detection module 3. This module houses two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting approximately 660 nm red light and 940 nm infrared light, respectively, and corresponding photodetectors to detect the intensity of light reflected from the blood at the needle tip. The detection module uses a known pulse oximetry algorithm to calculate the current blood oxygen saturation and pulse waveform at the needle tip. When the detection results meet the criteria for venous entry (e.g., blood oxygen saturation drops to venous level and a noticeable pulsation appears), the detection module activates a notification device 4 to emit a visual or audible signal to alert the operator.

[0040] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the prompt device 4 includes a visual indicator light and / or an audible alarm to provide an intuitive prompt when the human eye cannot directly observe the blood reflux.

[0041] Specifically, in some embodiments, the prompt device 4 of the present system may utilize an LED indicator light during implementation: green indicates successful vein entry, red indicates possible arterial entry, and no light indicates non-vascular entry. A buzzer may also be added to provide a more robust warning when the target vein is entered. The thresholds can be set based on clinical needs. For example, a blood oxygen saturation below 85% with a fluctuating pulse indicates a vein; above 90% with an excessively strong pulse indicates an arterial. The photoelectric detection module samples and processes the optical signal at high speed, updating it dozens of times per second or more. This allows for a prompt within one or two seconds of the needle tip entering the vessel. If the needle tip has not yet entered the vessel during the puncture process, the detection module typically only reads a very weak and irregular reflected signal (because the needle tip is not yet filled with blood), and thus no prompt is triggered. This prompts the operator to continue adjusting the needle tip position or attempt to reposition it. Conversely, once the needle tip enters the vessel, the instantaneous contact with blood will cause a significant change in the reflected light intensity and pulsation signal, allowing the system to determine entry and illuminate the indicator light, alerting the operator promptly.

[0042] During implementation, the operator inserts the improved puncture needle of the present invention into the target deep vein using conventional techniques. The photoelectric detection module remains active and continuously operating throughout the entire procedure. Initially, the indicator light is off. Once the needle tip has penetrated the vessel lumen and reached a sufficient depth for blood to contact the fiber optic probe, the indicator light immediately illuminates. At this point, the operator confirms successful puncture and stops further insertion to avoid perforating the vessel. The operator then follows standard central venous catheterization procedures (such as guidewire insertion). It is important to note that if the indicator light turns red, indicating possible arterial entry, the needle should be withdrawn and the puncture direction reoriented. The fiber optic sensing needle of the present invention is used in essentially the same manner as a conventional puncture needle, without increasing operator burden. Furthermore, the real-time physiological feedback it provides significantly enhances puncture control. For inexperienced operators, this system effectively reduces the risk of mispuncture. For experienced operators, this system also provides objective evidence and increased confidence in complex situations (such as those without blood draws or with unique patient physiology). In summary, the present invention provides an intelligent deep vein puncture auxiliary tool by innovatively combining fiber optic blood oxygen monitoring and puncture technology, which has important practical value in clinical operations.

[0043] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a deep vein puncture auxiliary method based on fiber optic blood oximetry, which can be applied to the above-mentioned system. For details, please refer to the relevant records above and will not be repeated here.

[0044] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a deep vein puncture assisting method based on fiber optic oximetry according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps: Step S1: inserting a puncture needle with an optical fiber sensor into a target area.

[0045] Step S2: During the puncture process, the photoelectric detection module continuously emits light of at least two wavelengths to the optical fiber sensor and receives reflected light signals. In some embodiments, the at least two wavelengths of light include 660 nm red light and 940 nm infrared light.

[0046] Step S3: Calculate the blood oxygen saturation value and pulsation signal characteristics corresponding to the reflected light signal.

[0047] Step S4: Based on the blood oxygen saturation value and the pulse signal characteristics, determine whether the needle tip of the puncture needle has entered the blood vessel and the type of blood vessel, and generate a corresponding prompt signal.

[0048] The fiber-optic oximetry-based deep vein puncture assistance method of this embodiment integrates a fiber-optic sensor within the puncture needle. This dual-wavelength optical measurement monitors the blood oxygen saturation and pulsation signal at the needle tip in real time, assisting in determining whether the needle tip has entered the deep vein during the puncture process. Compared to traditional puncture methods that rely on experience or imaging guidance, this embodiment of the invention provides real-time, biosignal-driven judgment, significantly improving the first-time success rate of deep vein puncture and reducing the risk of accidental arterial puncture.

[0049] Furthermore, the fiber-optic oximetry-based deep vein puncture assistance method of the present invention does not rely on cumbersome imaging equipment. Instead, it focuses on positioning assistance during the puncture process. It proposes an independent hardware configuration and discrimination algorithm that can be integrated with traditional puncture procedures. The operator simply inserts the needle normally, and the system automatically monitors the needle tip signal and provides feedback at critical moments. Therefore, the present invention improves the first-pass puncture success rate and reduces the risk of complications without significantly increasing the complexity of the procedure.

[0050] In some embodiments, the determination of whether the needle tip of the puncture needle has entered a blood vessel and the type of blood vessel based on the blood oxygen saturation value and the pulsation signal characteristics includes: if the blood oxygen saturation value decreases between 65% and 85% and a periodic pulse waveform appears in the pulsation signal characteristics, it is determined that the needle tip has entered a venous vessel; if only a high blood oxygen saturation without obvious pulsation is detected, it is determined that the needle tip has entered an arterial vessel.

[0051] In some embodiments, the method further includes: avoiding misjudgment caused by instantaneous false signals by smoothing filtering and peak detection of multiple continuous sampling results, and issuing a prompt signal only when the conditions for entering the blood vessel are met for several consecutive heartbeat cycles; based on the prompt signal, the operator performs subsequent steps: continuing the catheterization operation when the venous vessel is successfully entered; if it is detected that the arterial vessel has been entered, the direction of the puncture needle is adjusted in time or the puncture is repeated.

[0052] The fiber-optic oximetry-based deep vein puncture assistance method of the present invention suppresses transient spurious signals caused by tissue compression, needle tip micromotion, or electrosurgical interference by performing a sliding average or low-pass filtering on continuously sampled blood oxygen signals. Combining the characteristics of the photoelectric pulse wave (PPG) to extract periodic fluctuations synchronized with the heartbeat, ensures that the signal originates from blood flow rather than noise (e.g., no venous pulsation, regular arterial pulsation). Furthermore, a prompt is triggered only when the blood oxygen value stably meets the venous / arterial characteristics (e.g., venous SpO2 70%-90%, arterial >95%) for 3-5 consecutive heart cycles, significantly reducing the false positive rate. This avoids misjudging a successful puncture due to brief signal fluctuations (e.g., the needle tip brushing against the vessel wall), reducing the risk of unnecessary needle tip adjustment or catheterization.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep vein puncture auxiliary system based on fiber optic oximetry, characterized in that: include: puncture needle; an optical fiber sensor, the optical fiber sensor being disposed inside the puncture needle; a photoelectric detection module connected to the optical fiber sensor and configured to transmit light of at least two wavelengths to the optical fiber sensor and receive light signals reflected back by tissue to calculate the blood oxygen saturation value at the needle tip; A prompting device is connected to the photoelectric detection module and is used to provide a prompting signal when it is detected that the needle tip enters a blood vessel.

2. The deep vein puncture assist system based on fiber optic oximetry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber sensor comprises two optical fiber channels respectively used for light of different wavelengths, and is used to realize dual-channel collection of blood reflected light.

3. The deep vein puncture assist system based on fiber optic oximetry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric detection module is further used for: Calculate the ratio of received light signals of different wavelengths to obtain the blood oxygen saturation value and detect the pulsation signal characteristics therein; Whether the needle tip of the puncture needle has entered a blood vessel and the type of the blood vessel are determined according to the blood oxygen saturation value and the pulse signal characteristics.

4. The deep vein puncture assist system based on fiber optic oximetry according to claim 3, characterized in that: The photoelectric detection module is further used for: When the blood oxygen saturation value is within the normal range of venous blood and a pulsation signal of a predetermined amplitude is detected, it is determined that the puncture needle has entered the vein, and the prompt device is controlled to send an indication signal indicating that the needle has entered the vein; as well as, When the blood oxygen saturation value is higher than the normal range, it is determined that the puncture needle has entered the artery, and the prompt device is controlled to send a warning signal to indicate that the needle has entered the artery.

5. The deep vein puncture assisting system based on fiber optic oximetry according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: At least two light emitting diodes are provided in the photoelectric detection module, and the at least two light emitting diodes can respectively emit 660 nm red light and 940 nm infrared light.

6. The deep vein puncture assisting system based on fiber optic oximetry according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The prompt device includes a visual indicator light and / or an audible alarm to provide an intuitive prompt when the human eye cannot directly observe the blood reflux.

7. A deep vein puncture auxiliary method based on fiber optic oximetry, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A puncture needle with a fiber optic sensor is inserted into the target area; During the puncture process, the photoelectric detection module continuously emits light of at least two wavelengths to the optical fiber sensor and receives reflected light signals; Calculating the blood oxygen saturation value and pulsation signal characteristics corresponding to the reflected light signal; Based on the blood oxygen saturation value and the pulse signal characteristics, it is determined whether the needle tip of the puncture needle has entered the blood vessel and the type of blood vessel, and a corresponding prompt signal is generated.

8. The deep vein puncture assisting method based on fiber optic oximetry according to claim 7, characterized in that: The determining, based on the blood oxygen saturation value and the pulse signal characteristics, whether the needle tip of the puncture needle has entered the blood vessel and the type of the blood vessel includes: If the blood oxygen saturation value decreases between 65% and 85% and a periodic pulse waveform appears in the pulsation signal characteristic, it is determined that the needle tip has entered the vein; If only high blood oxygen saturation without obvious pulsation is detected, it is determined that the needle tip has entered the arterial blood vessel.

9. The deep vein puncture assisting method based on fiber optic oximetry according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method further comprises: By smoothing and filtering the results of multiple consecutive samplings and detecting the peak value, we can avoid misjudgment caused by transient false signals. The prompt signal will be issued only when the conditions for entering the blood vessel are met for several consecutive heartbeat cycles. Based on the prompt signal, the operator performs subsequent steps: continuing the catheterization operation when the venous blood vessel is successfully entered; if it is detected that the arterial blood vessel has been entered, timely adjusting the direction of the puncture needle or re-puncturing.

10. The deep vein puncture assisting method based on fiber optic oximetry according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The at least two wavelengths of light include red light of 660 nm and infrared light of 940 nm.

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