Drilling and cutting device and method suitable for soft rock

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling and cutting device and method suitable for soft rock. The drilling and cutting device comprises an in-hole supporting unit, a rotary driving unit, an electric conduction and air conduction unit and a cutting unit which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The in-hole supporting unit is connected with the rotary driving unit; the electric and air conduction unit comprises an electric slip ring, an air slip ring and a fixing plate, and the electric slip ring and the air slip ring are coaxially arranged and connected with the rotary driving unit; the cutting unit comprises an air cylinder bin, a pushing plate, a cutter motor and a cutter head, the top of the air cylinder bin is connected with the fixing plate, the pushing plate is connected with an air cylinder in the air cylinder bin, the cutter head is connected with the pushing plate, and the cutter motor is arranged on the pushing plate and connected with the cutter head. And in-hole cutting of high-strength rocks is achieved, rapid coordination actions can be achieved, and the reliability of the device during working is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of rock and soil in-situ testing, and relates to a drilling and cutting device and method suitable for soft rock. Background Art

[0002] Testing the shear strength of key parts of rock and soil slopes is crucial for assessing slope stability. Due to the influence of factors such as the physical properties and stress state of the rock and soil, the shear strength of the rock and soil slopes usually varies significantly. How to obtain the in-situ shear strength of rock and soil has always been a hot topic in the field of geotechnical engineering. With the continuous improvement of geotechnical engineering survey standards and the increasing demand for sites with complex geological conditions, traditional in-situ testing of soil shear strength has gradually exposed many problems in practical applications. The main problems are: (1) There is a lack of strength testing methods for key parts of slopes. At present, in-situ direct shear tests are widely used to test the shear strength of soil-rock mixtures and landslide belt soils, but they can only be used to measure the shear strength of shallow rock and soil, and it is difficult to reflect the actual situation of deep rock and soil; (2) Traditional in-situ shear tests all rely on empirical relationships. For example, the American Handy borehole shear tester indirectly obtains the shear strength of the soil through the friction between it and the hole wall. Since the applicability of the "empirical relationship" is difficult to guarantee, when targeting special soils, the test results often deviate greatly from the actual situation. The above problems indicate that there is still a lack of practical and reliable in-situ shear testing instruments for rock and soil, and it is still challenging to identify the changing patterns of in-situ shear strength of rock and soil slopes.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN113514347B and the authorization announcement date of May 19, 2023, discloses an in-hole in-situ shear test device and test method, and provides an in-hole in-situ shear test device with an in-hole cutting function. The shortcomings of the patent are: 1. There are many parts. A single-layer cutting system alone requires 6 motors arranged in the same layer, 6 cutters, and several gears and other auxiliary parts, which requires a large in-hole working space and cannot be applied to small-diameter shear test requirements. 2. Since there are 12 cutters in total, the torque allocated by the rotating motor to each cutter is limited, which is only suitable for cutting soil with low cutting strength and cannot cut rock formations. 3. The rotating motor is distributed near the upper cutting blade and away from the lower cutting blade. When encountering uneven soil, the upper and lower layers may not rotate synchronously, resulting in a stuck cutter and causing the test to fail.

[0004] A Chinese invention patent with application publication number CN118730761A and application publication date 2024.10.01 discloses a sampling-free in-situ in-hole rock shear strength testing device and testing method, providing a device and method for testing the shear strength of rocks in a hole, but its cutting function is to penetrate the hole wall, and the shear strength is calculated by the force and displacement data recorded during penetration. The invention cannot obtain a complete and regular shear surface, and indirectly calculates the shear strength by using the friction between the tool and the rock formation. It is easily affected by the joints and cracks in the rock formation hole wall, water content, etc., and the reliability of the test results is general. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a drilling and cutting device and method suitable for soft rock, which can realize cutting of high-strength rock in the hole, can quickly coordinate actions, and improve the reliability of the device during operation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock, comprising an in-hole support unit, a rotary drive unit, an electric and gas conduction unit, and a cutting unit arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The in-hole support unit is connected to the rotary drive unit; the electric and air conduction unit includes an electric slip ring, an air slip ring and a fixed plate, and the electric slip ring and the air slip ring are coaxially arranged and connected to the rotary drive unit; The cutting unit includes a cylinder warehouse, a propulsion plate, a cutter motor and a cutter disc. The top of the cylinder warehouse is connected to the fixed plate, the propulsion plate is connected to the cylinder in the cylinder warehouse, the cutter disc is connected to the propulsion plate, and the cutter motor is arranged on the propulsion plate and connected to the cutter disc.

[0007] Preferably, the in-hole support unit adopts a hydraulic bag, a pipeline is provided outside the hydraulic bag, and an air pipe and a line channel are provided in the pipeline.

[0008] Preferably, both the air slip ring and the electric slip ring include an inner ring and an outer ring, the outer ring of the air slip ring is connected to the fixed plate, and the inner ring is connected to the rotary drive unit.

[0009] Preferably, the outer ring of the electric slip ring is connected to the fixed plate, and the inner ring of the electric slip ring is connected to the inner ring of the air slip ring.

[0010] Preferably, the outer ring of the air slip ring is connected to the ground via a first air pipe, and the inner ring is connected to the cylinder via a second air pipe passing through the inner ring of the electric slip ring.

[0011] Preferably, the outer ring of the electric slip ring is connected to the ground via a first line, and the inner ring is connected to the cutter motor via a second line.

[0012] Preferably, the propulsion plate is an L-shaped structure, with the long side connected to the cylinder and the short side equipped with a cutter disc, the cutter motor is located on the side of the long side of the propulsion plate, and the bottom is connected to the short side.

[0013] Preferably, the rotation drive unit adopts a servo motor, and a reducer is provided at the output end of the servo motor.

[0014] Preferably, the cutter disc is connected to the propulsion plate via a fixing nut.

[0015] A drilling and cutting method for a drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock comprises the following steps: S1, placing the drilling and cutting device into a predetermined depth position; S2, unfolding the support unit in the hole to an open state; S3, start the rotary drive unit and the cutter motor to drive the cutter disc to rotate; S4, inflate the cylinder chamber, advance the propulsion plate, and push the cutterhead toward the soft rock; S5, after the soft rock slot is cut, the motor is stopped and the air is released, so that the propulsion plate and the cutter head return to their original positions; S6, shrink hole support unit, proposed drilling and cutting device.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention integrates the in-hole support unit, the rotary drive unit, the electrical and air conduction unit, and the cutting unit into an integrated structure. A hydraulic bag is used to achieve stable anchoring of the device in the hole. Electric slip rings and air slip rings are used to achieve rotational decoupling of electrical and pneumatic transmission, avoiding the problem of entanglement of lines and air pipes. The propulsion plate and the rotating cutterhead form a closed cutting structure with the characteristics of compact structure, reasonable layout, and strong stability. It can achieve cutting along the hole wall at any depth in the borehole to form an annular groove, and the test position is flexible, meeting the requirements of deep in-situ shear strength testing, improving cutting efficiency and section integrity, and is suitable for deep hole engineering applications such as in-situ shear strength testing. The rotation speed of the cutterhead can be adjusted according to the hole wall conditions. It is suitable for cutting hard soil or soft rock, with a wider range of applications. The rock and soil blocks that fall off during cutting are quickly cleared due to the centrifugal force of the rotating cutterhead, avoiding the problem of tool jamming. Compared with traditional soil in-hole cutting devices, it has higher reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the in-hole support unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the electrical and gas conduction unit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed ring of the electric and air conduction units according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the cutting unit in the tightening and pushing-out states according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cutter head structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Among them: 1. In-hole support unit; 2. Rotation drive unit; 3. Electric and air conduction unit; 4. Cutting unit; 5. Servo motor; 6. Reducer; 7. Electric slip ring; 8. Air slip ring; 9. Second air pipe; 10. Fixed plate; 11. Cylinder magazine; 12. Push plate; 13. Cutter motor; 14. Cutter disc; 15. Fixed nut; 16. Disc; 17. Connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. The terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, or able to communicate with each other; they can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or they can be internally connected between two elements or an interactive relationship between two elements. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0023] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different structures of the present invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the present invention may repeat reference numbers and / or reference letters in different examples. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 6 The figure shows a drilling and cutting device for soft rock according to this embodiment. This device can cut grooves at different depths in deep holes, allowing for in-situ shear strength testing of soft rock at any depth within small holes. The device primarily comprises an in-hole support unit 1, a rotary drive unit 2, an electrical and gas conduction unit 3, and a cutting unit 4. These units are connected to each other via multiple discs and cylindrical connecting rods for operation.

[0025] The in-hole support unit 1 is connected to the rotation drive unit 2 through a disc 16 and a connecting rod 17 at the bottom, the electrical and gas conduction unit 3 is connected to the rotation drive unit 2 through a disc 16 and a connecting rod 17 at the top, and is directly connected to the cutting unit 4 through a disc 16 at the bottom.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, the in-hole support unit 1 includes a hydraulic bag, which is driven by the ground to open and contract, thereby providing sufficient anchoring force in the hole.

[0027] The hydraulic bag is close to the hole wall. During actual operation, a non-deformable steel pipe is installed. The air pipe and the line pass through the middle of the steel pipe and are placed on one side of the hydraulic bag to prevent the air pipe and the line from being squeezed when the hydraulic bag is opened.

[0028] The rotation drive unit 2 includes a servo motor 5 and a reducer 6. The servo motor 5 and the reducer 6 are arranged in series. The servo motor 5 provides power to drive the electric and gas conduction unit 3 and the cutting unit 4 to rotate, and the reducer 6 adjusts the appropriate speed according to the on-site conditions.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the electric and air conduction unit 3 includes an electric slip ring 7, an air slip ring 8, and a fixed plate 10. The rotation drive unit 2 drives the lower part to rotate through the electric slip ring 7. The air slip ring 8 is placed on the upper end of the electric slip ring 7, and the fixed plate 10 is located outside the electric slip ring 7. The air slip ring 8 is divided into an inner ring and an outer ring. The outer ring is engaged with the inner side of the fixed plate 10 by a screw. When the air slip ring 8 is in operation, the outer ring remains stationary while the inner ring rotates synchronously with the main shaft of the reducer 6. The electric slip ring 7 is divided into an inner ring and an outer ring. The outer ring is engaged with the inner side of the fixed plate 10 by a screw. The inner ring of the electric slip ring 7 is connected to the inner ring of the air slip ring 8. When the electric slip ring 7 is in operation, the outer ring remains stationary while the inner ring is driven by the inner ring of the air slip ring 8 to rotate synchronously with the main shaft of the reducer 6.

[0030] like Figure 4 As shown, a threaded hole is arranged at the lower end of the fixing plate 10, which is connected to the lower cutting unit 4 by bolts.

[0031] like Figure 5As shown, the cutting unit 4 includes a cylinder warehouse 11, a propulsion plate 12, a cutter motor 13, a cutter disc 14 and a fixing nut 15. The top of the cylinder warehouse 11 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixing plate 10. Two cylinders are radially arranged in the cylinder warehouse 11 for pushing the propulsion plate 12 to provide thrust to the cutting cutter disc 14. The propulsion plate 12 is L-shaped. The top of the long side of the propulsion plate 12 is connected to the cylinder in the cylinder warehouse 11. A cutter disc 14 is provided below the short side of the propulsion plate 12. The cutter motor 13 is located at the lower part of the cylinder warehouse 11 and the side of the long side of the propulsion plate 12. The bottom of the cutter motor 13 is fixed to the top of the short side of the propulsion plate 12. The rotating shaft of the cutter motor 13 passes through the short side of the propulsion plate 12 and is connected to the cutter disc 14. The cylinder warehouse 11 provides thrust for the overall propulsion to obtain a relatively complete soft rock groove. The cutter motor 13 provides power for the rotation of the cutter disc 14. The fixing nut 15 fixes the cutter disc 14 at the bottom of the device to ensure that the cutter disc 14 will not fall off.

[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, the cutter disc 14 is circular with sharp teeth on the outer ring and is connected to the cutter motor 13 via a fixing nut. When the cylinder is ventilated, the propulsion plate 12 is extended to expand the hole diameter. The cutter motor 13 drives the cutter disc 14 to rotate and complete the cutting along the hole wall.

[0033] The electric slip ring 7 and the gas slip ring 8 in the conductive and gas-guiding unit 3 are used to prevent the circuits and the gas pipes from being twisted together when the entire device is located below the rotary drive unit 2 and rotates, thereby serving as a protective device.

[0034] The outer ring of the air slip ring 8 is connected to the ground through the first air pipe through the steel pipe, and the inner ring of the air slip ring 8 is connected to the cylinder through the second air pipe 9 through the inner ring of the electric slip ring 7. The outer ring of the air slip ring 8 is sealed, and the air path between the inner and outer rings of the air slip ring 8 is connected, which can transmit the gas in the first air pipe to the second air pipe 9, and finally drive the cylinder to move.

[0035] The outer ring of the electric slip ring 7 is connected to the ground through a first line through a steel pipe, and the inner ring of the electric slip ring 7 is connected to the cutter motor 13 through a second line. Electric energy and electric signals can be transmitted between the inner and outer rings of the electric slip ring 7, and the electric energy and electric signals of the first line can be transmitted to the second line, ultimately controlling the movement of the cutter motor 13.

[0036] The drilling and cutting device for soft rock described in this embodiment includes the following steps when in use: The first step is to select the test site, clean the ground and drill deep holes for the test; In the second step, the device is placed at a predetermined depth, and the in-hole support unit 1 is expanded from a contracted state to an expanded state.

[0037] In the third step, according to the site conditions, a certain speed is set to make the rotary drive unit 2 start to rotate, and the cutter motor 13 in the cutting unit is turned on to make the cutter disc rotate continuously.

[0038] The fourth step is to inflate the cylinder chamber 11, give thrust to the propulsion plate 12, and push the cutter head 14 toward the soft rock until the soft rock groove used for the test is cut.

[0039] The fifth step is to deflate the cylinder bin 11 to restore the propulsion plate 12 with the cutter disc 14 to their original positions, disconnect the servo motor 5 and the cutter motor 13 in the ground control part, stop the device from working, and finally retract the in-hole support unit 1 and retract the device in the deep hole to complete the set work.

[0040] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present application are for description only and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0041] In the above embodiments of the present application, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0042] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are only exemplary. For example, the division of the units can be a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0043] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0044] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] It should be understood that the above description is for illustration and not for limitation. Many embodiments and many applications beyond the examples provided will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of this patent should not be determined with reference to the above description, but rather with reference to the preceding claims and the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. For the purpose of completeness, all articles and references, including disclosures of patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein from the preceding claims is not a disclaimer of such subject matter, nor should it be considered that the applicants did not consider such subject matter to be part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

Claims

1. A drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock, characterized in that: It comprises an in-hole support unit (1), a rotation drive unit (2), an electric and air conduction unit (3), and a cutting unit (4) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The in-hole support unit (1) is connected to the rotation drive unit (2); the electric conduction and air conduction unit (3) comprises an electric slip ring (7), an air slip ring (8) and a fixed plate (10); the electric slip ring (7) and the air slip ring (8) are coaxially arranged and connected to the rotation drive unit (2); The cutting unit (4) includes a cylinder bin (11), a propulsion plate (12), a cutter motor (13) and a cutter disc (14). The top of the cylinder bin (11) is connected to the fixed plate (10), the propulsion plate (12) is connected to the cylinder in the cylinder bin (11), the cutter disc (14) is connected to the propulsion plate (12), and the cutter motor (13) is arranged on the propulsion plate (12) and connected to the cutter disc (14).

2. The drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The in-hole support unit (1) adopts a hydraulic bag, a pipeline is provided outside the hydraulic bag, and an air pipe and a line channel are provided in the pipeline.

3. The drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air slip ring (8) and the electric slip ring (7) both comprise an inner ring and an outer ring. The outer ring of the air slip ring (8) is connected to the fixed plate (10), and the inner ring is connected to the rotary drive unit (2).

4. The drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer ring of the electric slip ring (7) is connected to the fixed plate (10), and the inner ring of the electric slip ring (7) is connected to the inner ring of the air slip ring (8).

5. The drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring of the air slip ring (8) is connected to the ground via a first air pipe, and the inner ring is connected to the cylinder via a second air pipe (9) passing through the inner ring of the electric slip ring (7).

6. The drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring of the electric slip ring (7) is connected to the ground via a first line, and the inner ring is connected to the cutter motor (13) via a second line.

7. The drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The propulsion plate (12) is an L-shaped structure, with a long side connected to the cylinder and a short side equipped with a cutter disc (14). The cutter motor (13) is located on the side of the long side of the propulsion plate (12), and the bottom is connected to the short side.

8. The drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary drive unit (2) adopts a servo motor (5), and a reducer (6) is provided at the output end of the servo motor (5).

9. The drilling and cutting device suitable for soft rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc (14) is connected to the propulsion plate (12) via a fixing nut (15).

10. A drilling and cutting method for soft rock based on the drilling and cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, placing the drilling and cutting device into a predetermined depth position; S2, unfolding the in-hole support unit (1) to an open state; S3, starting the rotary drive unit (2) and the cutter motor (13), driving the cutter disc (14) to rotate; S4, inflating the cylinder chamber (11), pushing the propulsion plate (12), and pushing the cutter head (14) toward the soft rock; S5, after the soft rock slot is cut, the motor is stopped and the air is released, so that the propulsion plate (12) and the cutter head (14) return to their original positions; S6, shrink hole inner support unit (1), proposes a drilling and cutting device.

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