Unlocking device and method for downward layered filling full-support anchor net

Abstract

The invention discloses an unlocking device and method for a downward layered filling full-supporting anchor net, and belongs to the field of safe and efficient mining of mines. The anchor net structure comprises an anchor net main body (1), an unlocking reaction module (2) (which can be an anchor net unlocking reaction box or a reaction sleeve shell), an unlocking lead module (3) (which can be a magnesium rod lead or a magnesium steel integrated anchor net lead), and an unlocking reactant (4) (aluminum powder and iron oxide powder). According to the device, an array type unlocking reaction module is arranged, an unlocking reactant is ignited through an unlocking lead module, and finally rapid unlocking of an anchor net main body structure is achieved. The device is simple in structure and low in cost, the problem of contradiction between downward layered filling full support and efficient mining is effectively solved, meanwhile, the device can be automatically unlocked in a blasting area, and the safety problem that workers dismantle an anchor net on site is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of downward layered filling full support and safe and efficient mining, and in particular to an unlocking device and method for a downward layered filling full support anchor net. Background Art

[0002] In the current technological context, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the downward layered backfill full support process. Although the full support process has been applied in the field, it has exposed some significant problems in practice, which we continue to address.

[0003] The downward layered backfill full support process focuses on the safety of a single layer, without fully considering the efficiency of the lower layer. Support structures such as anchor nets and rebar collapse along with the ore during mining. The entanglement and accumulation of anchor nets and ore increase the difficulty of scrapers unloading the ore, directly leading to increased failure rates of mining equipment. Furthermore, mesh-like entanglements can easily form, blocking the ore outlet. This significantly increases equipment operation and maintenance costs and reduces production efficiency. Therefore, how to solve the problem of entanglement and accumulation of the full-support anchor net and ore in downward layered filling has become a key issue for safe and efficient production of downward layered filling.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop an unlocking device and method for the downward layered filling full support anchor net. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following design and technical solutions: A device and method for unlocking a downward layered filling full-support anchor net, comprising: an anchor net main body, an unlocking reaction module, an unlocking lead module, and an unlocking reactant.

[0006] The unlocking device and method achieve rapid unlocking of the anchor net main structure by arranging an array of unlocking reaction modules on the anchor net and igniting the unlocking reactants through the unlocking lead modules.

[0007] The unlocking reaction module can be an anchor net unlocking reaction box or a reaction shell integrally processed and formed with the anchor net.

[0008] The unlocking reaction box is installed after the anchor net is installed. Its outer shell is made of iron, which acts as a fixed anchor. The inner shell is made of boron oxide ceramic, which prevents the unlocking reaction box from melting prematurely. The principle is that the melting point of boron oxide ceramic is approximately 2000°C, while the melting point of the anchor net is approximately 1500°C. Therefore, the melting point of the unlocking reaction box is higher than that of the anchor net, ensuring that the reaction box remains intact before the anchor net melts.

[0009] The reaction shell, integrally formed with the anchor mesh during fabrication, consists of a cavity and a mesh perforation. The perforation is designed to partially encase the anchor mesh reinforcement to prevent damage to the shell during installation. During installation, the opening of the shell is positioned close to the surrounding rock. The shell is made of boron oxide ceramic.

[0010] The unlocking lead module can be a magnesium bar lead or a magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh lead.

[0011] The unlocking lead module can be a magnesium bar lead or a magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh lead. The magnesium bar lead serves as the lead for unlocking the reaction box, while the magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh lead serves as the lead for the reaction housing. The magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh lead is a structure that fixes the magnesium bar to the anchor mesh during anchor mesh production. The magnesium is pre-embedded in the steel body and exposed on one side of the steel body.

[0012] The reaction modules are arranged in an array, evenly spaced from the center line outward. This means placing 12 reaction modules in the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th columns of the anchor net, dividing the net into five equal sections. The unlocking lead modules converge at a point outside the operating area, enabling automatic unlocking.

[0013] The unlocking reactants are aluminum powder and iron oxide powder, wherein the aluminum powder and iron oxide powder are mixed and packed in a reactant packaging bag that can be ignited. The packaging bag material can be film, paper and other materials.

[0014] When the temperature exceeds 1250℃, the thermite reaction will occur. The burning of magnesium bar lead in the air can produce a high temperature of more than 3600℃, so the thermite reaction can be triggered by the heat released by the burning of magnesium bar.

[0015] According to the chemical equation of thermite reaction (2Al+Fe2O3=2Fe+Al2O3) and the relative molecular mass of each substance, it can be calculated that iron oxide powder and aluminum powder should be mixed in a mass ratio of 2.9:1.

[0016] The radius of the anchor mesh is 0.003m, and the volume of a 2cm section of anchor mesh is approximately 2.8×10 -7 m 3 , the density of steel is 7850kg / m 3, then the mass is 0.00222kg, the melting point of steel is 1500℃, the specific heat capacity of steel is 0.46kJ / (kg·℃), and it takes 1.41kJ of heat to melt 2cm of anchor net. 1g of aluminum powder can release 30kJ of heat by thermite reaction, so 0.047g of aluminum powder is needed to melt 2cm of anchor net, and 0.136g of iron oxide powder is needed. A total of 0.183g of mixed powder is needed. Since air will dissipate heat, according to experimental data, it is found that about 1g of mixed powder is needed to melt 2cm of anchor net.

[0017] The method for using the magnesium strip fuse to ignite and unlock the reaction box includes the following steps: Step S1. Mix the iron oxide powder and aluminum powder in a mass ratio of 2.9:1 and mix them evenly; Step S2. Before the mining charge blasting process, place 1g of the mixed unlocking reactants into the unlocking reaction box; Step S3. Fix the anchor net unlocking reaction box at the position where it needs to be fused, and connect each unlocking reaction box with a magnesium wire before sealing, and gather the magnesium wires to a point outside the working area.

[0018] Step S4. Ignite the converged magnesium wires with a flame. The continuously burning magnesium wires will trigger thermite reaction in the reaction box one by one, ultimately achieving the purpose of automatically unlocking the entire support anchor net.

[0019] The method for using the magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh fuse to ignite the reaction shell includes the following steps: Step S1. Iron oxide powder and aluminum powder were uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 2.9:1, 1 g was loaded into the reaction pack, and the reaction pack was placed into the integrally molded reaction housing for later use; Step S2. During the anchor net production process, the reaction shell array is arranged on the anchor net; Step S3. Before unlocking, check the connections between the reaction shells and converge the multiple center leads to a point outside the working area.

[0020] Step S4. Ignite the converged center lead with a flame. The continuously burning magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh leads will trigger thermite reaction in the reaction shell one by one, ultimately achieving the purpose of automatically unlocking the entire support anchor mesh.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an unlocking device and method for a downward layered filling full support anchor net, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The device arranges an array of unlocking reaction modules and ignites the unlocking reactants through the unlocking lead module, ultimately achieving rapid unlocking of the anchor net main structure, effectively solving the problem of entanglement and accumulation of whole or multiple anchor nets with ores.

[0022] 2. The present invention has a simple structure and low cost, and effectively solves the contradiction between downward layered filling and full support and efficient mining. 3. At the same time, this device can be automatically unlocked in the blasting area, solving the safety problem of workers dismantling the anchor net on site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall design of the downward layered filling full support anchor net with an unlocking device; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of unlocking the reaction box for the anchor net; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction shell integrally processed and formed with the anchor net; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the reaction shell and pre-embedded magnesium bar anchor net that are integrally processed with the anchor net; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of magnesium-steel integrated anchor net with embedded magnesium bars; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the magnesium bar lead; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the magnesium-steel integrated anchor net connection between the center lead and the magnesium lead or pre-embedded magnesium bar. Specific implementation plan

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship in the implementation case is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description.

[0026] The following describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] The embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a magnesium strip ( Figure 6 ) The fuse ignites and unlocks the reaction box ( Figure 2), the steps are as follows: Step S1. Mix the iron oxide powder and aluminum powder in a mass ratio of 2.9:1 and mix them evenly; Step S2. Before the mining charge blasting process, unlock the reaction box ( Figure 2 ) and add 1g of the mixed unlocking reactants; Step S3. Unlock the anchor net reaction box ( Figure 2 ) is fixed at the position where the fuse is required and is connected with a magnesium lead before sealing ( Figure 6 ) Connect each unlocked reaction box and the magnesium lead ( Figure 6 ) through the ignition center line ( Figure 7 ) converge to a point outside the operating area.

[0028] Step S4. The magnesium lead wires are gathered ( Figure 6 ) Ignite with flame, the continuously burning magnesium wire will trigger thermite reaction in the reaction box one by one, and finally achieve the purpose of automatic unlocking of the entire support anchor net.

[0029] The embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention is a method for using a magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh fuse to ignite a reaction casing, comprising the following steps: Step S1. Iron oxide powder and aluminum powder were uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 2.9:1, 1 g was loaded into the reaction pack, and then the reaction pack was placed into the one-piece reaction housing ( Figure 3 ) for standby use; Step S2. During the anchor net production process, the reaction shell array is arranged on the anchor net ( Figure 1 ); Step S3. Before unlocking, check the connection between the reaction shells and connect multiple center leads ( Figure 6 ) converge to a point outside the operating area.

[0030] Step S4. The center lead after the convergence is ignited with a flame, and the magnesium steel anchor mesh lead is continuously burned ( Figure 5 ), which will trigger the thermite reaction in the reaction shell one by one, and eventually achieve the purpose of automatic unlocking of the entire support anchor net.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device and method for unlocking a downward layered filling full support anchor net, characterized in that: It includes: Anchor net main body (1), unlocking reaction module (2), unlocking lead module (3), unlocking reactant (4). The unlocking device and method are arranged on the anchor net in an array, and the unlocking reactant is ignited by the unlocking lead module, thereby finally achieving rapid unlocking of the anchor net main body structure.

2. The unlocking reaction module according to claim 1 can be an anchor net unlocking reaction box (2-1) or a reaction shell (2-2) integrally formed with the anchor net.

3. The unlocking lead module according to claim 1 can be a magnesium bar lead (3-1) or a magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh lead (3-2).

4. According to claim 1, the unlocking reactant (4) is aluminum powder and iron oxide powder.

5. The unlocking reaction box (2-1) according to claim 2 is a structure that is installed after the anchor net is installed. The outer layer of the shell is made of iron, which plays a fixing role. The inner layer is made of boron oxide ceramic, which plays a role in preventing the unlocking reaction box from melting prematurely. The principle is: the melting point of boron oxide ceramic is about 2000°C, and the melting point of the anchor net body (1) is about 1500°C. Therefore, the melting point of the unlocking reaction box is higher than that of the anchor net, ensuring that the reaction box (2-1) will remain intact and will not fall before the anchor net melts.

6. The reaction shell (2-2) integrally formed with the anchor net according to claim 2 is a structure integrally formed with the anchor net body during the anchor net manufacturing process. The reaction shell (2-2) is divided into a cavity portion and an anchor net perforated portion. The anchor net perforated portion is designed to partially wrap the anchor net reinforcement. This design is to prevent the reaction shell from being damaged during the anchoring process between the anchor net and the rock. During installation, the open side of the reaction shell (2-2) is close to the surrounding rock. The reaction shell material is boron oxide ceramic.

7. The unlocking lead module (3) according to claim 1 can be a magnesium bar lead (3-1) or a magnesium-steel integrated anchor net lead (3-2). The magnesium bar lead (3-1) serves as the lead of the unlocking reaction box (2-1), and the magnesium-steel integrated anchor net lead (3-2) serves as the lead of the reaction shell (2-2). The magnesium-steel integrated anchor net lead (3-2) is a structure in which the magnesium bar is fixed to the anchor net during the production of the anchor net, and the magnesium is pre-embedded in the steel body and exposed on one side of the steel body.

8. The unlocking reactant (4) according to claim 1 is aluminum powder and iron oxide powder, wherein the aluminum powder and iron oxide powder are mixed and packed in a reactant packaging bag that can be ignited, and the packaging bag material can be film, paper and other materials.

9. The array arrangement of the reaction modules according to claim 1 is as follows: the reaction modules are arranged in an array at equal intervals from the center line to both sides, that is, 12 reaction modules are placed in the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th columns of the anchor net respectively, dividing the anchor net into 5 equal sections.

10. An unlocking device and method for a downward layered filling full support anchor net, wherein the unlocking lead module finally converges to a point outside the working area, and the automatic unlocking function can be realized.

11. A device and method for unlocking a downward layered filling full support anchor net, characterized in that: When the temperature exceeds 1250℃, the thermite reaction will occur. The magnesium bar lead (3-1) can generate a high temperature of more than 3600℃ when burned in the air, so the thermite reaction can be triggered by the heat released by the burning of the magnesium bar.

12. A device and method for unlocking a downward layered filling full support anchor net, characterized in that: According to the chemical equation of thermite reaction (2Al+Fe2O3=2Fe+Al2O3) and the relative molecular mass of each substance, it can be calculated that iron oxide powder and aluminum powder should be mixed in a mass ratio of 2.9:

1.

13. A device and method for unlocking a downward layered filling full support anchor net, characterized in that: The radius of the anchor mesh wire is 0.003m. The volume of a 2cm anchor mesh is about 2.8×10-7m3. The density of steel is 7850kg / m3, so the mass is 0.00222kg. The melting point of steel is 1500℃, and the specific heat capacity of steel is 0.46kJ / (kg·℃). It takes 1.41kJ of heat to melt a 2cm anchor mesh. 1g of aluminum powder can release 30kJ of heat through thermite reaction. Therefore, 0.047g of aluminum powder is needed to melt a 2cm anchor mesh, and 0.136g of iron oxide powder is needed. A total of 0.183g of mixed powder is needed. Since air will dissipate heat, it is obtained from experimental data that about 1g of mixed powder is needed to melt a 2cm anchor mesh.

14. A device and method for unlocking a downward layered filling full support anchor net, characterized in that: The method for using the magnesium lead (3-1) to ignite and unlock the reaction box (2-1) comprises the following steps: Step S1. Iron oxide powder and aluminum powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 2.9:1 and mixed evenly; Step S2. Before the mining charge blasting process, place 1g of the mixed unlocking reactants into the unlocking reaction box. Step S3. Secure the anchor net unlocking reaction box (2-1) at the location where it needs to be fused. Before sealing, connect each unlocking reaction box with a magnesium wire (3-1), and converge the magnesium wires (3-1) to a point outside the work area. Step S4. Ignite the converged magnesium wires (3-1) with a flame. The continuously burning magnesium wires (3-1) will trigger thermite reactions in the reaction boxes (2-1) one by one, ultimately achieving the goal of automatically unlocking the entire support anchor net.

15. An automatically unlockable anchor net structure and a method of using it in a mine, characterized in that: The method for igniting a reaction shell (2-2) using a magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh lead (3-2) comprises the following steps: Step S1. Evenly mixing iron oxide powder and aluminum powder at a mass ratio of 2.9:1, taking 1g of the mixture and loading it into a reaction bag, which is then placed into an integrated reaction shell (2-2) for later use; Step S2. During the anchor mesh production process, the reaction shells (2-2) are arranged in an array on the anchor mesh; Step S3. Before unlocking, the connection between the reaction shells (2-2) is checked, and multiple center leads are converged to a point outside the operating area. Step S4. The converged center leads are ignited with a flame. The continuously burning magnesium-steel integrated anchor mesh leads (3-2) will trigger thermite reactions in the reaction shells (2-2) one by one, ultimately achieving the purpose of automatically unlocking the entire support anchor mesh.

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