Lubricant composition and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to lubricant compositions and their use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and sliding bearing oils in machines and machine elements that may be in contact with water and / or aqueous media on land in general industrial, marine and inland water zones.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the Chinese invention patent application with application number 202180031034.5, application date April 21, 2021, and invention name “Lubricant composition and its use”. The original application is a national phase application with international application number PCT / EP2021 / 060351, which claims priority to the German patent application with application number 102020111392.7 and application date April 27, 2020. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to lubricant compositions and their use as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils, and as gear oils and plain bearing oils in machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media in marine and inland water areas as well as on land. Background Art

[0003] When using lubricants or lubricant compositions as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and plain bearing oils, the challenge is to ensure both an excellent coefficient of friction in the gear system and excellent compatibility between the lubricant and the sealing material. Radial shaft seals are commonly used in gears, plain bearings, and rolling bearings, and are typically made from elastomers such as FKM (fluororubber), NBR (nitrile rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated nitrile rubber), ACM / AEM (acrylate elastomer / ethylene acrylate elastomer), and polyurethane. The proportion of causes of gear, plain bearing, and rolling bearing failures reflects the importance of the compatibility of the lubricant with the sealing material. The proportion of gear, plain bearing, and rolling bearing failures caused by incompatibility between the lubricant and the sealing material is much higher than the proportion of gear, plain bearing, and rolling bearing failures caused by, for example, erosion. Therefore, the key to preventing damage to the sealing material and ensuring an excellent coefficient of friction lies in the selection of the base oil component of the lubricant and the selection of additives that match it. Another problem is that many lubricants used in general industrial machines are not suitable for machine components that come into accidental contact with food, such as in the food processing industry, i.e., they do not have H1 certification according to NSF Code of Federal Regulations §21 CFR 178.3570.

[0004] Therefore, there is a demand in the industry for new lubricants or lubricant compositions that can be used as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils or plain bearing oils, exhibit high compatibility with sealing materials, especially elastomeric materials, and have a suitable friction coefficient, thereby improving sliding properties, in particular reducing the stick-slip effect ("stick-slip effect") in friction contacts under high loads and low speeds, and improving resistance to micropitting.

[0005] Furthermore, it is practically expected that these lubricants also have minimal toxicity and are NSF / H1 certified for incidental food contact, making them suitable for use in the food processing industry.

[0006] When lubricants or lubricant compositions are used in marine areas and inland water areas, that is, when lubricants or lubricant compositions are applied to the oil-water interface below the waterline, there is a risk of contamination of the marine environment or the water environment by lubricant leakage. Although the water side should be sealed as well as possible in these application scenarios, lubricant leakage occurs every day. Therefore, the demand for lubricants that are harmless to the environment and have a low risk of contaminating marine and inland waters has increased dramatically. At the same time, the load on the soil caused by the use of chemicals is becoming more and more serious, and the demand for ecologically harmless lubricants on land is also increasing. When used on land, contact with water may also occur due to rainwater, and other leakage situations cannot be ruled out, which may lead to environmental pollution and soil pollution. Especially in the mining industry, wind power equipment and agricultural machinery, there is a large demand for lubricants that are harmless to the environment on land.

[0007] In recent years, environmental protection, especially marine protection, has become increasingly important. For lubricants used in the oil-water interface below the waterline, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (United States Environmental Protection Agency) Vessel General Permit (VGP) requires the use of environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs), which must meet high requirements in terms of biodegradability and aquatic toxicity. Therefore, common EALs are based on natural esters or synthetic esters, rather than mineral oils as traditional solutions. However, compared with mineral oil-based lubricants, the use of EALs often causes damage to sealing materials due to their relatively low stability, and their lubrication performance is greatly reduced.

[0008] Therefore, there is also a need for biocompatible (i.e., well-biodegradable) lubricants with low aquatic toxicity and high compatibility with sealing materials, especially elastomeric materials, in particular for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and plain bearing oils in marine and inland waters. This also covers land-based applications of machines and machine components that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0009] Compared to mineral oil-based lubricants, problems with stern tube lubrication also occur more frequently when using EALs. There are many indications that the use of EALs can lead to insufficient lubrication of bearings under low speed and high load conditions. It is known that insufficient lubrication conditions can also occur at other lubrication points. These include, for example, all plain bearings, gears, linear guides, pneumatic components, accessories, rolling bearings, chains, ropes, springs, and threaded parts. In this regard, there is also a need for new biocompatible lubricants for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and plain bearing oils in machines and machine elements in marine and inland water areas, as well as on land, that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, to improve lubrication performance. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant or lubricant composition which exhibits improved compatibility with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, and has a superior coefficient of friction, resulting in improved sliding properties, reduced stick-slip effects ("stick-slip effect"), and a positive influence on micropitting resistance, and is suitable for use as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant with low toxicity, i.e. NSF / H1 certified, which is suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in general industry, including the food processing industry, and which also exhibits the aforementioned favorable properties with regard to seal compatibility and sliding properties.

[0012] The present invention also has the object of providing a biocompatible lubricant, i.e. a lubricant which is biodegradable and has low aquatic toxicity, which has improved compatibility with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, and at the same time leads to improved sliding or lubricating properties, and which is suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in machines and machine elements in marine and inland waters, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0013] The present invention is a solution for achieving one or more of the above-mentioned objectives, which is a lubricant composition comprising the following components:

[0014] A) Base oil;

[0015] B) at least one additive; and

[0016] C) 0.001 to 10 wt% of an organic compound as a slip improver, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the organic compound comprising a polar part and a non-polar part,

[0017] wherein the organic compound has a relative permittivity ε in the range of 1.5 to 10 r, and the quotient ∫S1 / ∫-S2 of the organic compound is in the range of 1 to 25.

[0018] “∫S1” represents the 3100-2750 cm-1 band in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of IR absorption bands within a range of wavenumbers.

[0019] “∫S2” represents the 1800-1650 cm-1 band in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of IR absorption bands within a range of wavenumbers.

[0020] The present invention surprisingly found that, in addition to the other ingredients / components contained in the lubricant composition, if there is an organic compound, wherein the organic compound contains both a polar part and a non-polar part and satisfies the relative permittivity ε r If the requirements for the ∫S1 / ∫S2 ratio (in the range of 1.5 to 10) are met as well as the requirements for the ∫S1 / ∫S2 ratio (in the range of 1 to 25), the sliding properties between two friction partners, such as metal / metal or metal / elastomer (such as FKM or NBR), are significantly improved. Therefore, such organic compounds are referred to herein as "slip improvers."

[0021] For the purposes of the present invention, the terms lubricant composition, lubricant and formulation are synonymous.

[0022] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "organic compound" encompasses both individual compounds (ie molecules) and mixtures of individual compounds, as well as oligomers and polymers (including homopolymers, copolymers and polymer blends), and mixtures thereof.

[0023] For the purposes of the present invention, an oligomer is understood to be a molecule or compound which consists of several, in particular two to ten, structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers) and which in particular has a weight-average molar mass (M) of not more than about 1000. w For the purposes of the present invention, polymers (homopolymers) are molecules or compounds which consist of a relatively large number, in particular more than ten, of structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers) and which have, in particular, a weight-average molar mass (M) of about 1000 or more. w ). A copolymer is a polymer composed of two or more different types of monomer units.

[0024] According to the invention, the organic compound C) contains both polar and non-polar moieties, i.e., it is composed of one or more identical or different polar moieties and one or more identical or different non-polar moieties, which results in a specific relative polarity. For the purposes of the present invention, the polar moieties can be all polar functional groups known to those skilled in the art. The polar molecular moieties are in particular selected from the group consisting of: carbonyl, ester (R-CO-OR), ketone (R-CO-R), aldehyde (R-CHO), amide (R-CO-A, A=NH2, NHR, or NR2), imide (R-CO-NR-CO-R), carboxylic anhydride (R-CO-O-CO-R), urea (R2N-CO-NR2), carbamate (R-NH-CO-OR), carboxylate (R-CO- - ) and one or more of a carboxyl group (R-COOH), wherein R independently represents any organic aliphatic or aromatic group. For the purposes of the present invention, the non-polar molecular part can be all non-polar groups known to those skilled in the art, and is in particular selected from one or more of a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or an aromatic group, a linear or branched phenylalkyl group.

[0025] According to the present invention, the organic compound C) has a relative permittivity ε in the range of 1.5 to 10, preferably 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably 2 to 7 and most preferably 2.3 to 5. r .

[0026] The relative permittivity of a medium (also called capacitance constant or dielectric constant) is the dimensionless ratio of the dielectric constant ε of the medium to the dielectric constant ε0 of a vacuum: r =ε / ε0. Permittivity (also known as dielectric conductivity) describes the material properties of electrically insulating, polar or non-polar substances (so-called dielectrics). It measures the polarization of a dielectric in response to an applied external electric field. Relative permittivity characterizes both the dielectric and polarization properties of a material or substance.

[0027] Furthermore, the organic compound C) contained in the lubricant composition according to the invention is characterized in that it has a quotient ∫S1 / ∫S2 in the range of 1 to 25, preferably 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably 1.7 to 17 and most preferably 2 to 14.

[0028] Wherein, “∫S1” represents the 3100-2750 cm-1 band in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of the IR absorption bands in the wavenumber range, and “∫S2” represents the 1800-1650 cm-1 band in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of IR absorption bands within a range of wavenumbers.

[0029] As is known to those skilled in the art, ATR infrared spectroscopy is an infrared spectroscopy technique that is applicable to both solid and liquid samples and is currently the leading IR technique in many fields. Unlike conventional IR measurement methods for measuring the transmittance of a sample, ATR infrared spectroscopy is based on the principle of attenuated total reflection (ATR, see NJ Harrick: Internal Reflection Spectroscopy, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1967, ISBN 0-470-35250-7) and produces a spectrum similar to that obtained using transmission spectroscopy. Although the IR absorption bands in the ATR spectrum become broader and more intense for larger wavelengths (smaller wavenumbers) compared to the corresponding transmission spectroscopy, it is known that the positions of the IR absorption bands in the transmission and ATR spectra are identical. Based on spectral databases and tables of vibration data of important atomic groups (e.g. Helmut Günzler, Hans-Ulrich Gremlich: IR-Spektroskopie: Eine Einführung (IR Spectroscopy: An Introduction), 4th edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2003, pp. 165-240), it is known to those skilled in the art that the characteristic IR absorption band of the CO stretching vibration (valence vibration) of the carbonyl group of carbonyl compounds in transmission spectra or ATR spectra is in particular at about 1800-1650 cm -1 The wavenumber range of the aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group -CH x The characteristic IR absorption band of the CH stretching vibration (valence vibration) of the carbonyl group (x = 1, 2 or 3, the number of bound hydrogen atoms) is in particular at about 3100-2750 cm -1 within the wavenumber range.

[0030] Therefore, the quotient ∫S1 / ∫S2 establishes the wavenumber range 3100–2750 cm -1 The absorption is mainly caused by the non-polar part of organic compounds, with a wave number range of 1800-1650cm -1 Therefore, the quotient ∫S1 / ∫S2 can be used as an indicator of the polarity of the organic compound contained in the lubricant composition, which includes both polar and non-polar parts.

[0031] The amount of the organic compound C) in the lubricant composition is preferably greater than or equal to 0.001 wt %, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.05 wt %, for example greater than or equal to 0.1 wt %, and less than or equal to 10 wt %, particularly preferably less than or equal to 5 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimal elastomer compatibility and sliding effect.

[0032] For example, in an embodiment of the present invention which is particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, and sliding bearing oil in general industry, including in the food processing industry, which come into accidental and unintentional contact with food, it is particularly preferred that the amount of the organic compound C) is 0.001-2.5 wt %, particularly preferably 0.05-1 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimal elastomer compatibility and sliding effect.

[0033] For example, in the embodiment of the present invention which is particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in machines and machine elements in marine areas and inland water areas, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, it is particularly preferred that the amount of the organic compound C) is 0.1-10 wt %, particularly preferably 0.1-5 wt %, and preferably 0.1-3 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimal elastomer compatibility and sliding effect.

[0034] In addition to other components / ingredients of the lubricant composition (such as base oil or additives), the lubricant composition is prepared by adding a polar part and a non-polar part and satisfying the relative permittivity ε defined above. r The present invention unexpectedly achieves improved sliding or lubricating properties, particularly at low speeds and high loads in gears and bearings, by using organic compounds that meet the requirements for the ∫S1 / ∫S2 ratio (in the range of 1.5 to 10) and the requirements for the ∫S1 / ∫S2 ratio (in the range of 1 to 25). Furthermore, the organic compounds described herein contribute to improved compatibility of the lubricant composition of the present invention with elastomeric materials such as FKM and NBR.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the organic compound C) also has NSF / H1 certification and can therefore be used in lubricants such as gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and sliding bearing oils that come into accidental contact with food in the food processing industry.

[0036] In another embodiment of the present invention, the organic compound C) is also biodegradable (e.g., according to OECD Test Guidelines 301A-F or OECD 306) and / or has low aquatic toxicity (e.g., according to OECD Test Guidelines 201, 202, 203, or 236). Thus, the organic compound is suitable for use as a lubricant for gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and plain bearing oils in machines and machine components in marine and inland waters, as well as on land, that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0037] Preferred examples of organic compounds that can be advantageously used as the slip improver in the lubricant composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following compounds: maleic acid-olefin copolymers (e.g., commercially available 135, 2700, 23000); modified polyester (such as commercially available Perfad TM 3000,Perfad TM 3050); polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), linear polymers and star polymers (for example, commercially available Lubrizol 87725); oleic acid, in particular a mixture of C16-C18 fatty acids and C18 unsaturated fatty acids (for example, commercially available Herwemag OA); glycerol monooleate (GMO), in particular with a monoglyceride content of minimum 40% and a free glycerol content of maximum 6% (for example, commercially available Ilco Lube 2316); polymethacrylate (PMA), linear polymers and comb polymers (for example, commercially available 3-200); Comb polymer composed of 1-decene and 9-dodecanoic acid methyl ester (such as commercially available Elevance WTP 40); Pentaerythritol tetraisostearate (e.g. commercially available Priolube TM 3987-LQ).

[0038] The lubricant composition of the present invention comprises a base oil component serving as further ingredient A).

[0039] The base oil is preferably selected from the group consisting of synthetic esters, in particular neopentyl glycol esters (such as neopentyl glycol diisostearate), pentaerythritol esters (such as pentaerythritol tetraisostearate), trimethylolpropane esters (such as trimethylolpropane trioleate or trimethylolpropane trioctanoate), complex esters of pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane, which are preferably completely or partially esterified in any mixing ratio with saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids and / or dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of 4 to 36 carbon atoms, such as pentaerythritol-isostearic acid-sebacic acid complex ester or trimethylolpropane-isostearic acid-stearic acid-sebacic acid complex ester, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, such as di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, adipic acid Diisotridecyl ester (DITA) or isopropyl oleate, fatty (C8 / C10) acid triglycerides, trimellitic and pyromellitic tetracarboxylates, and estolides; hydrocarbons, in particular polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, mineral oils, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene / alpha olefin oligomers, and farnesene oils; ethers, in particular polyether polyols, perfluoropolyethers (PFPE), alkyldiphenyl ethers and polyphenylene ethers, preferably ethers that are water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble, and polyglycols, in particular polybutylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and copolymers thereof, preferably polyglycols that are water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble; silicone oils; and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing substances.

[0040] For the purposes of the present invention, "complex esters" are understood to mean, in particular, esters in the preparation of which, in addition to monocarboxylic acids (monocarboxylic acids) and polyols, dicarboxylic acids (dicarboxylic acids) are used.

[0041] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition of the present invention, in particular when the lubricant composition is used as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and sliding bearing oil for general industrial use, the base oil is selected from: polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oil, mineral oil, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, and preferably pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane complex esters as described above, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty (C8 / C10) acid triglycerides, alkylnaphthalene, ethylene / alpha olefin oligomers, water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing substances.

[0042] Particularly preferably, the base oil has NSF / H1 certification, so that the lubricant composition can be used as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, and plain bearing oil in the food processing industry for incidental and unintentional contact with foodstuffs.

[0043] According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base oil is selected from the group consisting of polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides and oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more thereof. These base oils are advantageous for biodegradability (i.e., biodegradability in accordance with, for example, OECD Test Guidelines 301A-F or OECD 306), and accordingly contribute to improving the biodegradability of the lubricant composition, making the lubricant composition particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, and plain bearing oil in machines and machine components in marine and inland waters, as well as on land, that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0044] The amount of base oil or base oil blend in a lubricant composition is generally determined by the amount of other ingredients / components included in the lubricant composition, i.e., the lubricant composition is filled with base oil to 100 wt %. Preferably, the total amount of base oil or base oil blend is at least 20 wt %, 30 wt %, 40 wt %, 50 wt % or 60 wt %.

[0045] It is further preferred that the base oil or base oil mixture used according to the invention has a 2 / s, more preferably 5mm 2 / s to 20000mm 2 / s, particularly preferably 5mm 2 / s to 10000mm 2 / s, particularly preferably 5mm 2 / s to 1700mm 2 The viscosity of the above-mentioned materials is measured at 40°C according to ASTM D 7042.

[0046] Furthermore, the lubricant composition of the present invention comprises, as a further component B), at least one additive to improve the desired properties of the lubricant. Commonly used additives or additions known in the prior art include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, anti-wear additives, high-pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators, and defoamers.

[0047] Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the additive composition comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, anti-wear additives, high-pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators, and defoamers. Particularly preferably, the lubricant composition comprises an additive mixture consisting of two or more additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, anti-wear additives, high-pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators, and defoamers.

[0048] By targeted addition of one or more additives, specific properties of the lubricant can be improved and / or specific properties can be imparted to the lubricant.

[0049] By adding an antioxidant, the oxidation stability of the lubricant composition can be further improved, thereby enhancing the (thermal) stability.

[0050] The antioxidants preferably include but are not limited to the following compounds: amine compounds (amine antioxidants), especially linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and their salts, wherein the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds may be substituted by one or more groups (which are selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups), phenolic compounds (phenolic antioxidants); propionates; phosphites; sulfur-containing compounds, especially sulfur-containing phenolic compounds and sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, thiophosphates, thiocarbamates, thiophosphates and thiopropionates; and mixtures of these compounds.

[0051] Particularly preferred antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of aromatic diamines and secondary aromatic amines, phenolic resins, thiophenol resins, phosphites, zinc thiocarbamates, zinc thiophosphates, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, phenyl-β-naphthylamine, diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivatives, in particular octylated diphenylamine, butylated diphenylamine and styrylated diphenylamine, quinoline and quinoline derivatives, naphthylamine and naphthylamine derivatives, DL-α-tocopherol, (di-tert-butylphenyl) propionic acid and its esters, and mixtures of the aforementioned substances.

[0052] According to the present invention, examples of particularly suitable antioxidants include, but are not limited to, the reaction product of N-phenylaniline and 2,4,4-trimethylpentene, n-octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, bis(4-(2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentyl)phenyl)amine, N-[(2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentyl)phenyl]naphthalen-1-amine, a mixture of 90% to 97.5% of C7 to C9 alkyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and 2.5% to 10% of methyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, and bis[thiodiethanol 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate].

[0053] Suitable antioxidants are commercially available.

[0054] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition of the present invention, in particular when the lubricant composition is used as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil and sliding bearing oil, the antioxidant is selected from: phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, wherein the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds may be substituted by one or more groups (which are selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups), propionates and thiopropionates, especially when the lubricant composition is used as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and sliding bearing oil in the field of food processing industry that accidentally and unintentionally comes into contact with food, among which amine antioxidants are particularly preferred.

[0055] According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antioxidant is selected from: phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and their salts, wherein the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds may be substituted by one or more groups (which are selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups), phosphites, thiophosphates and thiocarbamates, especially when the lubricant composition is used as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and sliding bearing oil in machines and machine elements in marine fields and inland water areas, as well as on land that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, among which amine antioxidants are particularly preferred.

[0056] According to the present invention, a single compound or a combination of two or more compounds may be used as an antioxidant.

[0057] In addition, the lubricant composition of the present invention may contain one or more corrosion inhibitors. Adding corrosion inhibitors can impart corrosion and rust prevention effects to the lubricant composition.

[0058] Suitable corrosion inhibitors are preferably, but not limited to, acid-formed salts, in particular carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts, cyclohexane acid metal salts, succinic acid metal salts, salicylic acid metal salts and phosphate metal salts, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of acids / salts, which may also be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, wherein sodium (Na) salts, calcium (Ca) salts, potassium (K) salts and magnesium (Mg) salts are particularly preferred; amine compounds, Imine compounds, imide compounds and metal salts thereof, in particular linear and branched aliphatic amine compounds, imine compounds, imide compounds and aromatic amine compounds, imine compounds, imide compounds and metal salts thereof, wherein the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds, imine compounds, imide compounds may be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, wherein Na salts, Ca salts, K salts and Mg salts are particularly preferred; and partially neutralized and / or unneutralized dicarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, such as succinic acid half esters.

[0059] Suitable corrosion inhibitors are commercially available.

[0060] When the lubricant composition is used as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, or sliding bearing oil in the food processing industry that comes into accidental and unintentional contact with food, it is particularly preferred to use N-methylglycine or a derivative thereof (eg, sarcosine) as a corrosion inhibitor.

[0061] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition of the present invention, in particular when the lubricant composition is used as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and sliding bearing oil for general industrial use and in the field of food processing industry that accidentally and unintentionally comes into contact with food, the corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of the following substances: carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthenic acid metal salts and naphthenic acid metal salts, and their derivatives, including salt-containing linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives, which may also be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, among which Na salts, Ca salts, K salts and Mg salts are particularly preferred; and partially neutralized or unneutralized dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives, such as succinic acid half esters.

[0062] According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corrosion inhibitor is selected from neutral salts, i.e., salts formed by neutralization of an acid, preferably selected from metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates, metal phosphates, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of the salts, which may also be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, and preferably selected from Na salts, Ca salts, K salts, and Mg salts. Neutral metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, and metal benzenesulfonates are particularly preferred, and Ca salts and neutral calcium sulfonates are particularly preferred, especially when the lubricant composition is used as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, and plain bearing oil for machines and machine components in marine and inland waters, as well as on land, that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media. An example of a particularly suitable corrosion inhibitor for this embodiment is a neutral calcium salt of an alkylnaphthalenesulfonate.

[0063] The anti-corrosion agent may be used alone, or two or more anti-corrosion agents may be used in combination.

[0064] For the purposes of the present invention, a "neutral" or "acid-neutralized" salt or metal salt refers to a salt or metal salt having an acid number (TAN) of 30 mgKOH / g or less.

[0065] Furthermore, the lubricant composition of the present invention may contain one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators and / or ion complexing agents.

[0066] By adding non-ferrous metal deactivators and / or ion complexing agents, non-ferrous metals such as cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn), as well as their alloys, can be protected from corrosion by active sulfur.

[0067] Suitable non-ferrous metal deactivators and ion complexing agents are preferably selected from the group consisting of triazole compounds, particularly methylbenzotriazole, benzotriazole and its derivatives, imidazoline compounds, diazoles, and mercaptothiadiazoles. Whether the lubricant composition is used as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil, or plain bearing oil, or as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, or plain bearing oil for machines and machine components in marine and inland waters, or on land that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, particularly preferred non-ferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are triazole compounds, salicylates, and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives. Triazole compounds and their derivatives, particularly benzotriazole and its derivatives, are particularly preferred. According to the present invention, the non-ferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0068] Examples of particularly preferred non-ferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents include, but are not limited to, benzotriazole and methylbenzotriazole and their derivatives, N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)-aryl-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, and a reaction mixture consisting of N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)-6-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-2-methylamine, N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-2-methylamine, N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine and N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine.

[0069] Suitable non-ferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are commercially available.

[0070] In addition, lubricant composition of the present invention can comprise one or more anti-wear agents, friction reducers and / or high-pressure additives. Suitable anti-wear agents, friction reducers and high-pressure additives preferably include, but are not limited to: amine, phosphoamine, side-chain and / or straight-chain alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and thiophosphates, aryl phosphates, aryl thiophosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfided amine compounds, sulfided fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acid, be selected from Al O , SiO , TiO , ZrO , WO , Ta O , V O , CeO , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi , SiC, Si N , TiC, TiN, ZrB , the nanoparticles of clay minerals and mixtures of the aforementioned nanoparticles, sulfonates, heat-stable carbonates and heat-stable sulfates and two or more mixtures in the aforementioned substances. Suitable commercially available additives are for example: TPPT, 232, 349, 353, 211 and RC3760 Liq 3960, FG 1505 and FG 1506, KR-015FG, FG, 40-D, FGA 1820 and FGA1810.

[0071] In addition, the lubricant composition of the present invention may include one or more viscosity modifiers. Suitable viscosity modifiers preferably include, but are not limited to, linear and branched alkylated polymers, acrylated polymers, aliphatic polymers and copolymers, and polymerized fatty acid esters, as well as mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. Examples of suitable viscosity modifiers are polymethacrylates, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyisobutylene, polyalkylstyrenes, and hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers. Suitable viscosity modifiers are commercially available.

[0072] In addition, the lubricant composition of the present invention may contain one or more UV stabilizers. Suitable UV stabilizers preferably include, but are not limited to, nitrogen-containing heterocycles and substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycles, as well as mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. Suitable UV stabilizers are commercially available.

[0073] In addition, the lubricant composition of the present invention may include one or more solid lubricants. Suitable solid lubricants preferably include, but are not limited to, PTFE, boron nitride, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, pyrophosphates, thiosulfates, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium stearate, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, tin sulfide, graphite, graphene, nanotubes, modified SiO2, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. Suitable solid lubricants are commercially available.

[0074] In addition, the lubricant composition of the present invention may contain one or more emulsifiers. Suitable emulsifiers preferably include, but are not limited to, branched and / or linear ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols and their salts, particularly alcohols with a chain length of 14-18 carbon atoms, ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alkyl ethers, fatty acid esters, and ionic surfactants, such as sodium salts of alkylsulfonic acids, as well as mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. Suitable emulsifiers are commercially available.

[0075] In addition, the lubricant composition of the present invention may contain one or more defoamers to prevent the formation of solid foam. Suitable defoamers preferably include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10-18 carbon atoms, monoglycerides and diglycerides of edible fatty acids, acrylates, propoxylated and / or ethoxylated alkyl ethers, polyols including glycols, and polysiloxanes, such as silicone oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. According to the present invention, whether the lubricant composition is used as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, and plain bearing oil in machines and machine components in marine and inland waters, as well as on land that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, or as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, and plain bearing oil for general industrial use, as well as in the food processing industry that may accidentally come into contact with food, particularly preferred defoamers are ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates, and polysiloxanes, with polysiloxanes being particularly preferred. Suitable defoamers are commercially available.

[0076] In addition, the lubricant composition of the present invention may contain one or more color indicators. Suitable color indicators include, but are not limited to, 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene. Suitable color indicators are commercially available.

[0077] All additives may be present in the lubricant composition of the present invention as a single compound, or as a combination of two or more compounds.

[0078] The total amount of all additives or additions in the lubricant composition is preferably greater than or equal to 0.01 wt %, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.025 wt %, for example greater than or equal to 0.5 wt %, and less than or equal to 10 wt %, particularly preferably less than or equal to 7.5 wt %, for example less than or equal to 6 wt %, or less than or equal to 5 wt %, based on the entire lubricant composition.

[0079] For example, in an embodiment of the present invention which is particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and sliding bearing oil in general industry, including in the food processing industry, which come into accidental and unintentional contact with food, it is particularly preferred that the total amount of all additives is 0.01-7.5 wt %, particularly preferably 0.01-6.0 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0080] For example, in the embodiment of the present invention which is particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and sliding bearing oil in machines and machine elements in marine areas and inland water areas, as well as on land that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, it is particularly preferred that the total amount of all additives is 0.5-7.0 wt. %, particularly preferably 0.5-5.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0081] The additives are used to improve specific properties of the lubricant and / or impart specific properties to the lubricant. Therefore, depending on the needs or requirements of the lubricant, the additives can be added to the lubricant in the form of a single substance or a mixture of two or more additives. The amount of a single lubricant in the additive mixture is not limited as long as it does not exceed the total amount of all additives as defined above, based on the total lubricant composition.

[0082] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant composition comprises

[0083] A) Base oil;

[0084] B) 0.01 to 10 wt% of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and

[0085] C) 0.001-10 wt%, preferably 0.001-5 wt% of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

[0086] The total amount of ingredients contained therein is 100 wt%, and components A), B) and C) are as described above.

[0087] In another embodiment of the present invention, which is particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, and sliding bearing oil in general industries, including the food processing industry, the lubricant composition comprises an additive mixture consisting of two or more additives, wherein the additive mixture includes one or more antioxidants, one or more anti-wear additives and / or high-pressure additives, one or more defoaming agents, optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators, optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors, and optionally a color indicator.

[0088] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition of the present invention, which is particularly suitable for use as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil or sliding bearing oil, the lubricant composition comprises

[0089] A) Base oil;

[0090] B) 0.01 to 7.5 wt% of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the additive mixture comprises one or more antioxidants, one or more anti-wear additives and / or high-pressure additives, one or more defoamers, optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators, optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors, and optionally a color indicator; and

[0091] C) 0.001-10 wt%, preferably 0.001-5 wt% of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

[0092] The total amount of ingredients contained therein is 100 wt%, and components A), B) and C) are as described above.

[0093] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition of the present invention, which is particularly suitable for use as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil or sliding bearing oil, the lubricant composition comprises

[0094] A) Base oil;

[0095] B) 0.01-6.0 wt% of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the additive mixture comprises:

[0096] one or more antioxidants selected from the group consisting of phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates, and thiopropionates;

[0097] one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10 to 18 C atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes;

[0098] one or more antiwear additives and / or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and thiophosphates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfided amine compounds, sulfided fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures of the aforementioned nanoparticles, sulfonates, heat-stable carbonates and heat-stable sulfates;

[0099] optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from the group consisting of triazole compounds, salicylates, and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;

[0100] One or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group consisting of metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates and metal naphthenates, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of the acid salts, which may also be substituted by one or more residues selected from linear and / or branched alkyl residues and aryl residues, and in particular Na salts, Ca salts, K salts and Mg salts; and

[0101] Optionally, 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene as a color indicator; and

[0102] C) 0.001-2.5 wt% of the organic compound based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

[0103] The total amount of ingredients contained therein is 100 wt%, and components A) and C) are as described above.

[0104] According to this embodiment, the base oil is preferably selected from the group consisting of: polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, and preferably complex esters of pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane as described above, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty (C8 / C10) acid triglycerides, alkyl naphthalenes, ethylene / alpha olefin oligomers, water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing substances.

[0105] The lubricant of this embodiment has high compatibility with elastomers commonly used as sealing materials, such as FKM, NBR, HNBR, ACM / AEM, and polyurethane. Furthermore, the lubricant of this embodiment exhibits a good coefficient of friction, thereby improving sliding properties, reducing the stick-slip effect ("stick-slip effect") in frictional contact, particularly under high loads and low bearing speeds, and positively affecting micropitting resistance. Therefore, the lubricant is particularly suitable for use as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil, and plain bearing oil.

[0106] According to another embodiment of the present invention, which is particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in machines and machine elements in marine areas and inland water areas, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, the lubricant composition contains an ester compound as an additional component D), wherein mixtures of two or more different ester compounds also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0107] According to this embodiment, the at least one ester compound D) is preferably selected from the group consisting of natural glycerides, in particular from the group consisting of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, corn oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, lesqueralle oil, palm oil, olive oil, which may be present in monomeric, oligomeric and / or polymeric form, and mixtures of the aforementioned oils; and synthetic esters, in particular from the group consisting of polyol esters, polyol complex esters, complex esters composed of dimer acids, dimer acid esters, aliphatic carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acid esters, phosphoric esters, trimellitic acid esters and pyromellitic acid esters, and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned substances, among which polyol esters and polyol complex esters are particularly preferred, and in particular polyol esters obtained by reaction of polyols (i.e. alcohols having more than one hydroxyl group) with monocarboxylic acids (i.e. monocarboxylic acids), and polyol complex esters obtained by reaction of polyols with monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids (i.e. dicarboxylic acids) in any mixing ratio, and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned substances.

[0108] According to this embodiment of the present invention, the ester compound D) is preferably a compound having biodegradability in accordance with OECD 301A-F or OECD 306 standards, thereby improving the biodegradability and ecocompatibility of the lubricant composition of the present invention.

[0109] Furthermore, preferably, the at least one ester compound has a viscosity of at least 130 mm at 40°C. 2 Particularly preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the at least one ester compound is 130-1500 mm / s at 40°C. 2 / s, further preferably at 130-1300 mm at 40 °C 2 / s range, all measurements were based on ASTM D 7042.

[0110] According to this embodiment of the present invention, further preferably, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the content of the ester compound in the lubricant composition is 0.1-85 wt %, further preferably 5-85 wt %, particularly preferably 10-85 wt %.

[0111] According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant composition of the present invention comprises

[0112] A) Base oil;

[0113] B) 0.5-7 wt% of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition;

[0114] C) 0.1 to 10 wt % of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and

[0115] D) 0.1-85 wt% of the ester compound based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

[0116] The total amount of ingredients contained therein is 100 wt %, and components A), B), C) and D) are as described above.

[0117] In addition to high compatibility with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, the lubricant of this composition exhibits good sliding properties and good biodegradability and is therefore particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in machines and machine elements in marine and inland water areas, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0118] Therefore, in another aspect, the present invention relates to a lubricant composition, particularly intended for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in machines and machine elements in marine areas and inland water areas, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, comprising the following ingredients:

[0119] A) Base oil;

[0120] B) 0.5-7 wt % of at least one additive;

[0121] C) 0.1-10 wt% of an organic compound containing both a polar portion and a non-polar portion; and

[0122] D) 0.1-85 wt% of an ester compound,

[0123] The amounts shown therein are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition and add up to 100 wt %.

[0124] And wherein the organic compound has a relative permittivity ε in the range of 1.5 to 10, preferably 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably 2 to 7 and most preferably 2.3 to 5 r ,

[0125] wherein the quotient ∫S1 / ∫-S2 of the organic compound is in the range of 1 to 25, preferably 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably 2 to 14, wherein “∫S1” represents 3100-2750 cm-1 in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of the IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range, and “∫S2” represents the 1800-1650 cm-1 band in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of IR absorption bands within a range of wavenumbers.

[0126] In this case, components A), B), C) and D) are preferably as described above.

[0127] According to this embodiment, the ester compound D) is particularly preferably selected from: neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol esters, in particular saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acid esters with a chain length of C4-C36, preferably C10-36, particularly preferably C14-C36, and especially preferably C18-C36; and neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters and pentaerythritol complex esters, in particular saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acid esters with a chain length of C4-C36, preferably C10-36, particularly preferably C14-C36, and especially preferably C18-C36; Saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids with a chain length of C4-C36, preferably C4-C18, particularly preferably C4-C12, and saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of C4-C36, preferably C4-C18, particularly preferably C4-C12, which are completely esterified or partially esterified (i.e., free, unesterified hydroxyl groups are still present) in any mixing ratio; and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned substances.

[0128] These ester compounds are particularly preferred in terms of biocompatibility or biodegradability of the lubricant composition.

[0129] Examples of particularly preferred ester compounds include, but are not limited to, pentaerythritol tetraisostearate, pentaerythritol-isostearate-sebacic acid complex ester, trimethylolpropane triisostearate, trimethylolpropane trioleate, trimethylolpropane trioctanoate, trimethylolpropane-isostearate-stearyl-sebacic acid complex ester, and neopentyl glycol diisostearate.

[0130] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the base oil is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, farnesene oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more thereof, with oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs) being particularly preferred. These base oils have particularly advantageous properties in terms of biodegradability (i.e., biodegradability that complies with, for example, OECD Test Guidelines 301A-F or OECD 306) and, accordingly, contribute to improving the biodegradability of the lubricant composition.

[0131] The elastomer compatibility of the lubricant composition can be further improved by carefully selecting additives that are optimally matched to the tribological system consisting of the elastomer material, lubricant, and metal. Accordingly, according to this embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition preferably comprises an additive mixture comprising one or more antioxidants, non-ferrous metal deactivators, and corrosion inhibitors, and optionally one or more defoamers, anti-wear additives, and / or high-pressure additives.

[0132] Therefore, according to this embodiment of the invention, the at least one additive B) is particularly preferably an additive mixture comprising one or more antioxidants, non-ferrous metal deactivators and corrosion inhibitors and, if appropriate, one or more defoamers, anti-wear additives and / or high-pressure additives. In this embodiment, it has proven particularly preferred that:

[0133] Antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and their salts, wherein the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds may be substituted by one or more groups (which are selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups), phosphites, thiophosphates and thiocarbamates, among which aminic antioxidants are particularly preferred.

[0134] Non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof, wherein triazole compounds, especially benzotriazole and derivatives thereof are particularly preferred.

[0135] Corrosion inhibitors selected from neutralized or neutralized carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts, naphthenic acid metal salts and phosphate metal salts and derivatives thereof, preferably selected from Na salts, Ca salts, K salts and Mg salts, among which neutralized or neutralized sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts and benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, especially Ca salts, are particularly preferred, and neutralized calcium sulfonates, such as neutralized alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salts, are particularly preferred.

[0136] Defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10 to 18 C atoms, polyols including diols, acrylates and silicones, with silicones being particularly preferred.

[0137] Antiwear additives and / or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, as well as thiophosphates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfided amine compounds, sulfided fatty acid methyl esters, cyclohexane acids, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures of the aforementioned nanoparticles, sulfonates, heat-stable carbonates and heat-stable sulfates.

[0138] The additive mixture is particularly suitable for use as a lubricant for gear oils, rolling bearing oils or plain bearing oils in machines and machine elements in marine and inland water areas, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0139] Therefore, according to this embodiment of the invention, a particularly preferred additive mixture comprises:

[0140] one or more antioxidants selected from the group consisting of aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphorothioates, and thiocarbamates;

[0141] one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from the group consisting of triazole compounds, salicylates, and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;

[0142] one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from neutralized or neutral carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts, naphthenic acid metal salts and phosphate metal salts, and derivatives of the aforementioned substances, in particular Na salts, Ca salts, K salts and Mg salts;

[0143] optionally one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10 to 18 C atoms, polyols, acrylates and silicones; and

[0144] Optional one or more antiwear additives and / or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and thiophosphates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfided amine compounds, sulfided fatty acid methyl esters, cyclohexane acids, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures of the aforementioned nanoparticles, sulfonates, heat-stable carbonates and heat-stable sulfates.

[0145] Therefore, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, a lubricant composition particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil or sliding bearing oil in machines and machine elements in marine areas and inland water areas, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, comprises:

[0146] A) Base oil;

[0147] B) 0.5-7 wt% of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the additive mixture comprises:

[0148] one or more antioxidants selected from the group consisting of aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphorothioates, and thiocarbamates;

[0149] one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from the group consisting of triazole compounds, salicylates, and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;

[0150] one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group consisting of neutralized or neutralized metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates, and metal phosphates, and derivatives thereof;

[0151] optionally one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10 to 18 C atoms, polyols, acrylates and silicones; and

[0152] Optional one or more antiwear additives and / or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and thiophosphates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures of the aforementioned nanoparticles, sulfonates, heat-stable carbonates and heat-stable sulfates;

[0153] C) 0.1 to 10 wt % of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and

[0154] D) 5-85 wt% of the ester compound based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

[0155] Wherein, the ester compound is selected from: neopentyl glycol ester, trimethylolpropane ester and pentaerythritol ester, in particular saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acid ester with a chain length of C4-C36, preferably C10-36, particularly preferably C14-C36, and especially preferably C18-C36; and neopentyl glycol complex ester, trimethylolpropane complex ester and pentaerythritol complex ester, in particular with a chain length of C4-C36, preferably C10-36, particularly preferably C14-C36, and especially preferably C18-C36. C10-36, particularly preferably C14-C36, especially preferably C18-C36, saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids, and saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of C4-C36, preferably C4-C18, especially preferably C4-C12, completely or partially esterified in any mixing ratio; and mixtures of two or more of the above substances;

[0156] wherein the base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, farnesene oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing substances,

[0157] The total weight of the components contained therein is 100 wt%, and the organic compound C) is as described above.

[0158] It is particularly preferred here that the additive mixture is essentially neutral or has a total acid number (TAN) that is as low as possible, since this is particularly advantageous for the elastomer compatibility of the lubricant composition.

[0159] According to this embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition particularly preferably comprises:

[0160] A) a base oil selected from the group consisting of oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing;

[0161] B) 0.5-5 wt% of an additive mixture comprising one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized or neutralized metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates and / or metal benzenesulfonates, one or more triazole compounds, in particular benzotriazole compounds, and / or derivatives thereof, and one or more polysiloxanes;

[0162] C) 0.1-5 wt% of said organic compound; and

[0163] D) 10-85 wt% of a pentaerythritol ester;

[0164] The amounts indicated therein are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, with the components totaling 100 wt %, and the organic compound C) is as described above.

[0165] The lubricant of this composition exhibits high compatibility with sealing materials, particularly elastomers, as well as good sliding or lubricating properties. Furthermore, the lubricant of this composition has good biocompatibility, i.e., good biodegradability in accordance with OECD standards 301A-F or OECD 306, and low aquatic toxicity (e.g., according to OECD standards 201, 202, 203, or 236). Therefore, it is particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil, or plain bearing oil in machinery and machine components in marine and inland waters, as well as on land, that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0166] Therefore, the present invention also relates to the use of the lubricant composition as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in machines and machine elements in marine areas and inland water areas, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, the lubricant composition comprising the following ingredients:

[0167] A) a base oil selected from the group consisting of oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing;

[0168] B) 0.5-5 wt% of an additive mixture comprising one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized or neutralized metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates and / or metal benzenesulfonates, one or more triazole compounds and / or derivatives thereof, and one or more polysiloxanes;

[0169] C) 0.1-5 wt% of an organic compound containing both a polar portion and a non-polar portion; and

[0170] D) 10-85 wt% of pentaerythritol ester,

[0171] The amounts shown are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, and the total weight of the components contained is 100 wt %.

[0172] wherein the quotient ∫S1 / ∫S2 of the organic compound is in the range of 1 to 25, preferably 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably 2 to 14, wherein “∫S1” represents 3100-2750 cm-1 in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of the IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range, and “∫S2” represents the 1800-1650 cm-1 band in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of IR absorption bands within a range of wavenumbers.

[0173] According to one embodiment, the lubricant composition of the present invention is suitable for use as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and sliding bearing oils, including gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and sliding bearing oils that may come into incidental or unintentional contact with food.

[0174] Typical areas of application, including use as general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil, include but are not limited to the lubrication of gears (especially spur gears, bevel gears, planetary gears, worm gears, hypoid gears and cycloid gears), hydraulic devices, linear guides, pneumatic components, accessories, bearings (especially plain bearings and rolling bearings), chains, cables, springs, screw parts and compressors, and in particular the lubrication of machine parts and systems that come into incidental or unintentional contact with foodstuffs.

[0175] Chains consist of connected segments of the same type. They are used for force transmission and are used, for example, as drive chains in bicycles, control chains in car engines, load chains in gates, or conveyor chains in conveying systems. Cables can be divided into running cables, such as those used in cranes, winches, and elevators, and stationary cables, such as cables, as well as suspension cables and slings. Threaded parts are connecting elements whose purpose is to make installation and removal as simple as possible and without damaging the materials used. Springs include leaf spring packs, disc spring packs, annular spring packs, helical disc springs, and leg springs. Accessories are used to regulate the flow of solids, liquids, and gases. In addition, they can also perform setting functions, i.e., mix and regulate one or more volume flows. In addition to the typical application as faucets or mixing faucets, all types of valves also belong to the category of accessories.

[0176] Pneumatic components are pneumatic valves and pneumatic cylinders, which convert pneumatic energy into mechanical energy to generate linear motion to move, lift or return workpieces and tools.

[0177] Hydraulics transmit torque using pressure and volume flow. Examples include axial piston machines, external gear machines, and radial piston machines.

[0178] Therefore, a further subject of the present invention is the use of the lubricant composition according to the invention as a general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil, in particular for the lubrication of gears such as spur gears, bevel gears, planetary gears, worm gears, hypoid gears and cycloid gears, hydraulic devices, linear guides, pneumatic components, accessories, bearings such as plain bearings, rolling bearings, etc., chains, cables, springs, screw parts and compressors in machine parts and systems that come into accidental and unintentional contact with foodstuffs, wherein the lubricant composition preferably comprises:

[0179] A) Base oil;

[0180] B) 0.01 to 10 wt% of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and

[0181] C) 0.001-10 wt% of the organic compound based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

[0182] The total amount of ingredients contained therein is 100 wt%, and components A), B) and C) are as described above.

[0183] Particularly preferably, the lubricant composition comprises the following ingredients:

[0184] A) Base oil;

[0185] B) 0.01-6.0 wt% of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the additive mixture comprises:

[0186] one or more antioxidants selected from the group consisting of phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates, and thiopropionates;

[0187] one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10 to 18 C atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes;

[0188] one or more antiwear additives and / or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and thiophosphates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfided amine compounds, sulfided fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures of the aforementioned nanoparticles, sulfonates, heat-stable carbonates and heat-stable sulfates;

[0189] optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from the group consisting of triazole compounds, salicylates, and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof;

[0190] One or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group consisting of metal salts of carboxylates, metal salts of sulfonates, metal salts of naphthalenesulfonates, metal salts of benzenesulfonates, metal salts of benzoates, metal salts of naphthoates and metal salts of naphthenates, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of acid-forming salts, which may also be substituted by one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, and in particular Na salts, Ca salts, K salts and Mg salts; and

[0191] Optionally, 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene as a color indicator; and

[0192] C) 0.001-2.5 wt% of the organic compound based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

[0193] The base oil is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, and preferably pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane complex esters as described above, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty (C8 / C10) acid triglycerides, alkyl naphthalenes, ethylene / alpha olefin oligomers and oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0194] The total weight of the components contained therein is 100 wt %, and the organic compound C) is as described above.

[0195] For use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and sliding bearing oils for general industrial use and in the food processing industry for incidental and unintentional contact with food.

[0196] Furthermore, according to another embodiment, the lubricant composition of the invention is very suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in machines and machine elements in marine areas and inland water areas, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0197] Fields of application in marine and inland waters include, but are not limited to, lubrication of gears, hydraulic devices, bearings (such as plain bearings, rolling bearings or stern tube bearings), propeller rudders, propeller shafts, pneumatic components, linear guides, chains and cables in machines, machine parts and systems that come into contact with seawater in marine areas (e.g. offshore equipment) or with water and / or aqueous media in inland waters.

[0198] In the marine sector, gears are used in thrusters and pod propulsion systems, for example. They transmit and convert power between the drive and the propeller. This requires consideration of both water ingress and the release of lubricants into the marine environment.

[0199] Another application in the marine area is the jack-up system for raising platforms, installation vessels for wind turbines or oil rigs. This movement is accomplished using open gears.

[0200] Hydraulics in the marine sector are used to drive adjustable propeller rudders, as well as in fin stabilizers and rudder bearings. In the latter, linear guides are also used, often lubricated with the same lubricants. In these applications, lubrication also takes place below the waterline. Therefore, the ingress of water into machine components and the discharge of lubricants into the marine environment must also be considered.

[0201] Plain bearings used in the marine sector are primarily propeller shaft bearings located in the stern tube, the so-called stern tube bearings. The propeller shaft's primary task is to transmit the drive motion through the hull to the propeller. In this context, the bearing must ensure low-friction motion.

[0202] In addition, machines and machine parts that come into contact with seawater, water and aqueous media are lubricated in offshore wind turbines, oil and gas drilling platforms, port facilities, shipyards, etc.

[0203] This also includes chains for locks, cables (such as marine cables or cables for nets), and accessories for regulating the flow of solids, liquids and gases. Threaded parts, springs and valves in various plants and machines also need to be lubricated.

[0204] Therefore, a further subject of the present invention is the use of the lubricant composition according to the invention as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil for marine and inland water areas, in particular for lubricating gears, hydraulic devices, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, linear guides, pneumatic components, accessories, bearings such as plain bearings, rolling bearings or stern tube bearings, chains, cables, springs and screws in machines, machine parts and equipment that come into contact with salt water in marine areas or with water and / or aqueous media in inland water areas, as well as in machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media on land, wherein the lubricant composition preferably comprises:

[0205] A) Base oil;

[0206] B) 0.5-7 wt% of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition;

[0207] C) 0.1 to 10 wt % of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and

[0208] D) 0.1-85 wt% of the ester compound based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

[0209] The total amount of ingredients contained therein is 100 wt %, and components A), B), C) and D) are as described above.

[0210] Particularly preferably, the lubricant composition comprises the following ingredients:

[0211] A) a base oil selected from the group consisting of oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing;

[0212] B) 0.5-5 wt% of an additive mixture comprising one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized or neutralized metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates and / or metal benzenesulfonates, one or more triazole compounds and / or derivatives thereof, and one or more polysiloxanes;

[0213] C) 0.1-5 wt% of said organic compound; and

[0214] D) 10-85 wt% of a pentaerythritol ester;

[0215] The amounts shown are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, and the total weight of the components contained is 100 wt %, and wherein the organic compound C) is as described above,

[0216] For use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in machines and machine elements in marine and inland water areas, as well as on land, which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0217] The present invention is described in detail by the following non-limiting examples. A person skilled in the art can prepare more compounds of the present invention without inventiveness.

[0218] Examples

[0219] General test methods used

[0220] Unless otherwise known by the manufacturer, the properties of the lubricant composition and the components contained therein are determined by means of the following methods:

[0221] Determination of viscosity: The viscosity was measured in accordance with ASTM D 7042 by means of a Stabinger viscometer SVM 3000 (Anton Paar).

[0222] -Determination of acid value (TAN, total acid number [mg KOH / g]):

[0223] To determine the acid number, the sample was dissolved in the solvent mixture and titrated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution according to ASTM D 664-18E02. The titration was carried out using a Solvotrode on a Metrohm 905 Titrando titration unit by the positional titration method.

[0224] - Determination of molecular weight (M n ):

[0225] The molecular weight is determined by means of GPC (gel permeation chromatography) according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03 “Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)—Part 1: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as eluent” using a SECcure GPC system with polystyrene standards as reference substances.

[0226] - Determine the integrals ∫S1 and ∫S2:

[0227] In accordance with DIN 51451 (DIN 51451:2020-02) "Testing of mineral oil preparations and related products: Infrared spectroscopic analysis - General operating principles", ATR infrared spectroscopy measurements of the slip improver were performed using an IR spectrometer Bruker Tensor 27 (software OPUS 7.5) or Bruker Vertex 70 (software OPUS 7.0) from Bruker Optik GmbH, adjusted for ATR measurements.

[0228] Use the following region in the ATR spectrum to integrate ∫S1 or ∫S2:

[0229] ∫S1: 3100–2750cm -1

[0230] ∫S2: 1800–1650cm -1

[0231] To calibrate the baseline, proceed as follows for both integrations.

[0232] Divide the integration region into two equal halves. Determine the corresponding absolute minimum in each of these two subregions. If there are multiple absolute minimum points in a subregion, use the point furthest away from the overall integration region. Calculate the baseline from these two absolute minimum points in the overall integration using the equation of a straight line. Adjust the spectrum to be integrated around this baseline. Then integrate the spectrum adjusted around this baseline.

[0233] - Determination of relative permittivity ε r :

[0234] To determine the relative permittivity ε r The complex fluid impedance was determined using the laboratory measuring instrument of the EPSILON+ system from the manufacturer Flucon Fluid Control GmbH in accordance with DIN EN 60247 (DIN EN 60247:2005-01) "Insulating liquids - Determination of relative permittivity, dielectric loss factor (tan δ), and DC resistivity." For each slip improver to be tested, after filling the sample, the measurement was performed with continuous data acquisition at room temperature (approximately 20°C) and then from approximately 18.5 to 21.5°C (step 1) and back again (step 2). The data obtained from both steps at a nominal temperature of 20.0°C were then compared and averaged.

[0235] Summary of the slip improvers used in the examples (see Tables 1-a and 1-b):

[0236] Table 1-a

[0237]

[0238] Table 1-b

[0239] Slip improvers <![CDATA[ATR spectrum ∫S1]]> <![CDATA[ATR spectrum ∫S2]]> <![CDATA[∫S1 / ∫S2]]> <![CDATA[Relative permittivity ε r > GV1 180.67 71.87 2.51 3.98 GV2 226.03 25.71 8.79 4.60 GV3 234.42 25.57 9.17 2.39 GV4 203.99 64.91 3.14 2.50 GV5 190.71 48.81 3.91 4.75 PAO 6 (not according to the invention) 249.84 0.40 626.36 2.12

[0240] Preparation of lubricant composition:

[0241] The lubricant composition is prepared by mixing the base oil and additives in a suitable container (e.g., a mixing vessel) using a suitable stirrer according to a process known to those skilled in the art. Solid additives or components are dissolved and stirred by increasing the temperature. The preparation can also be carried out by a continuous process.

[0242] The following lubricant compositions according to the invention were prepared as described above (see Table 2 - Examples 1-15b). As controls, lubricant compositions without a slip improver (base formulation) were prepared as described above (see Table 2 - Comparative Examples 1-5).

[0243] Table 2:

[0244]

[0245]

[0246]

[0247]

[0248] Example 16: Effect of Slip Improvers on the Sliding Properties of Lubricants

[0249] To investigate the effect of slip modifiers on the sliding properties of lubricants, the transition speed at the babbitt / steel interface was measured at low contact pressure. The transition speed is defined as the speed at which the contact surfaces completely separate, i.e., the transition from mixed friction (i.e., incidental contact of the metals / incomplete lubricant film formation) to the elastohydrodynamic (EHL) regime (i.e., complete lubricant film formation and complete separation of the metals).

[0250] Using a tribometer (AC 2 The KUGEL-SCHEIBE-TRIBOMETER at Tresearch / Austrian Competence Center for Tribology uses a cylinder-ring test setup. Under a defined load, a 10 x 10 mm (diameter x length) 100Cr6 steel cylinder with a roughness of approximately 0.02 μm (Ra) is rubbed against a babbitt ring with a roughness of approximately 1.3 μm (Ra). The babbitt ring is located in an oil reservoir.

[0251] The friction coefficient was measured by continuously changing the speed of the babbitt ring from low speed to high speed (0.05 m / s–2.5 m / s) and from high speed to low speed (2.5 m / s–0.05 m / s) to obtain the Stribeck curve (friction-speed curve).

[0252] Before the start of the test, a run-in operation was performed, which consisted of speed changes from 0.05 m / s to 2.5 m / s and then from 2.5 m / s to 0.05 m / s at 10 N and 20 N at room temperature, and at 10 N at 40°C.

[0253] Subsequently, Stribeck curves were generated at a speed varying from 0.05 m / s to 2.5 m / s under the conditions of 20 N and 40°C.

[0254] Figure 1 Stribeck curve measurements are shown for a base formulation without slip modifier (Comparative Example 1) and a lubricant according to the invention containing a slip modifier (Example 8). It can be seen that in the presence of the slip modifier the transition speed is clearly shifted towards lower speeds (A to B).

[0255] exist Figure 2 The transition speeds for all lubricants tested are shown in . Figure 2 As shown, the transition speed of all lubricants studied that contain a slip modifier (Examples 2, 5, 8, 9, 11) is significantly lower than that of the base formulation (Comparative Example 1) and the lubricant composition that contains a slip modifier not according to the invention (Comparative Example 5). This means that the lubricants according to the invention that contain a slip modifier according to the invention form a lubricating film significantly earlier than the comparative examples. The improved lubrication properties of the lubricants according to the invention that contain a slip modifier are reflected, for example, in improved load-bearing capacity in plain bearings and similar components.

[0256] Example 17 - Determination of Sliding Properties by Dynamic Measurement of Elastomers:

[0257] According to Hüttinger, Hermes, (Hüttinger, Hermes, Prem (2015): Neues Prüfverfahren für dynamische Dichtungen von Getriebemotoren (New test method for dynamic seals of geared motors) published in: Berger und Kiefer (Hrsg.) Dichtungstechnisches Jahrbuch 2016, Mannheim: Isgatec), tests were carried out on a test bench in accordance with DIN 3761-10:1984-10 (Beuth (Hrsg.): DIN 3761, Radial shaft sealing rings for motor vehicles, 1984).

[0258] The conditions / measurement parameters were chosen as follows: elastomer material: 75FKM 585; pressure: 0.25 bar; temperature: 70° C.; test duration: 240 h; 10 cycles with a rotation speed of 2000 rpm (20 h) and 0 rpm (4 h); lubrication: Bremer & Leguil Cassida GTS2.

[0259] The dynamic elastomer compatibility of the lubricant compositions according to the invention (Examples 3 and 15b) was determined using dynamic elastomer measurements performed on the Freudenberg FKM radial shaft seal ring BAU3 38-90-1275FKM585 (Art. 49385291 / 49370995) according to the aforementioned test protocol. The running track width and shaft run-in, which are indicators of the sliding properties or elastomer compatibility of the lubricant composition, were subsequently measured. A base formulation without a slip modifier (Comparative Example 2) was used as a control.

[0260] The measurement results are summarized in Table 3.

[0261] Table 3:

[0262]

[0263]

[0264] The measurement results show that when using the lubricant composition of the present invention containing a slip modifier (Example 3: GV 1; Example 15b: GV 2, both compared to Comparative Example 2), the radial shaft seal ring running track / wear width was reduced from 0.66 mm to 0.35 mm (Example 3) or 0.54 mm (Example 15b), and the shaft lead-in was reduced from 20 μm to 0 μm (Example 3) or 14 μm (Example 15b), compared to the base formulation without a slip modifier (Comparative Example 2). As shown in the measurement results for Comparative Example 4, no improvement was achieved by increasing the viscosity of the base formulation (mPAO 150 / Comparative Example 4 vs. mPAO 65 / Comparative Example 2).

[0265] Example 18 - Determination of Sliding Properties with the Help of DES (Dynamic Elastomer Screening) When Elastomers Serve as Friction Partners:

[0266] The test was carried out using a ring-on-disk tribometer, using a further development of the structure described by Sommer M. and Haas W. ([1] Sommer, M., Haas, W., "A new approach on grease tribology insealing technology: Influence of the thickener particles", Tribology International (2016), 103, 574-583). The test material was an FKM elastomer. The counterpart was a steel counterpart.

[0267] The lubricant compositions to be investigated were observed on a ring-on-disc tribometer as described in [1] at a constant speed of 1.5 m / s, a temperature of 60°C and a linear load of 0.90 N / mm in order to induce destruction of the lubricating film and solid contact in the case of poor lubricating film formation.

[0268] like Figures 3A to 3D As shown in FIG1 , the lubricant compositions of the present invention containing a sliding modifier (Example 2: GV 3; Example 5: GV 5; Example 11, GV 2; Example 14: GV 1) all exhibit a much more stable and lower friction coefficient μ characteristic curve over time, which indicates that the lubricating film structure is stable and represents hydrodynamic lubrication. This means a more stable elastomer / lubricant / steel pair tribological system with less friction (see FIG1 ). Figure 4A , Figure 4B The base formulation without a slip modifier (Comparative Example 3) exhibited an unstable lubricating film structure, which was manifested by strong fluctuations in the friction coefficient and a higher characteristic curve. This indicates (at least local) solid contact and a pronounced stick-slip effect.

[0269] like Figure 4A and Figure 4B As shown, the addition of the slip improver reduces the wear on the elastomer by 57% (Example 2: GV 3), 50% (Example 14, GV 1), 67% (Example 11, GV 2) or 63% (Example 5, GV 5), and reduces the wear on the steel partner by 80% (Example 2: GV 3), 67% (Example 14: GV 1), 67% (Example 11: GV 2) or 73% (Example 5: GV 5), all compared to the base formulation without slip improver (Comparative Example 3).

[0270] Example 19: Effect of Slip Improvers on Micropitting Resistance

[0271] Micro-pitting resistance was tested on a Micro-Pitting-Resistance (MPR) test bench (PCS Instruments, London, UK). Micro-pitting represents damage on the gear contacts.

[0272] The test rig uses a triple configuration, where the central roller is in contact with three discs, resulting in three roller contact cycles per revolution. The two lower discs are partially immersed in oil, and oil is fed into the contact points during the test to simulate splash lubrication. The rollers and discs are driven by independent motors, which allows different sliding-rolling ratios (SRR) to be simulated. The tests are performed with a Hertzian contact pressure of 1.7 GPa, an SRR of 20% to 30%, an oil temperature of 90°C and 10 million cycles. The friction coefficient and vibration are recorded during the test using a torque meter or accelerometer. At the end of the test, the test rollers are cleaned with a solvent to remove any residual oil, the roller weight is measured and the running track is photographed using an optical microscope. The weight loss of the rollers (comparison of the weight before and after the measurement) (see Figure 5A ) and by the change in the wear track width (see Figure 5B ) to evaluate the ability of lubricant compositions in terms of micropitting resistance.

[0273] Figure 5A The MPR measurement results in show that the weight loss is significantly reduced when the lubricant composition of the present invention containing a slip improver (see Examples 1, 4, 6, 12) is used compared to the base formulation without a slip improver (see Comparative Example 2).

[0274] Figure 5B The MPR measurement results in show that the running track width is significantly reduced when the lubricant composition of the present invention containing a slip modifier is used (see Examples 4, 7, 10, 15) compared to the base formulation without a slip modifier (see Comparative Example 4).

Claims

1. A lubricant composition comprising: A) Base oil; B) at least one additive; and C) 0.001 to 10 wt% of an organic compound as a slip improver, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the organic compound comprising a polar part and a non-polar part, wherein the organic compound has a relative permittivity ε in the range of 1.5 to 10 r , and the quotient ∫S1 / ∫S2 of the organic compound is in the range of 1 to 25, Wherein ∫S1 represents the 3100-2750 cm-1 band in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of the IR absorption bands in the wavenumber range, and ∫S2 represents the 1800-1650 cm-1 band in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 The sum of the areas of IR absorption bands within a range of wavenumbers. 2 . The lubricant composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the organic compound is 0.001 to 5 wt % based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

3. The lubricant composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the at least one additive is 0.01 to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

4. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one additive is selected from antioxidants, antiwear additives, friction reducers, high-pressure additives, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and defoamers.

5. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: A) Base oil; B) 0.01 to 10 wt% of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and C) 0.001-5 wt% of the organic compound based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, The total weight of the components contained therein is 100 wt%.

6. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one additive is an additive mixture comprising one or more antioxidants, one or more anti-wear additives and / or high-pressure additives, one or more defoamers, optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators, optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors, and optionally a color indicator.

7. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: A) Base oil; B) 0.01-6.0 wt% of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the additive mixture comprises: one or more antioxidants selected from the group consisting of phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates, and thiopropionates; one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10 to 18 C atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; one or more antiwear additives and / or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and thiophosphates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfided amine compounds, sulfided fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures of the aforementioned nanoparticles, sulfonates, heat-stable carbonates and heat-stable sulfates; optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from the group consisting of triazole compounds, salicylates, and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof; optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group consisting of metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates, and N-methylglycine, and derivatives thereof; and Optionally, 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene as a color indicator; and C) 0.001-2.5 wt% of the organic compound based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, The total weight of the components contained therein is 100 wt%.

8. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lubricant composition comprises an ester compound as an additional component D).

9. The lubricant composition according to claim 8, wherein the ester compound is selected from the group consisting of natural glycerides, polyol esters, polyol complex esters, dimer acid esters and dimer acid complex esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters, trimellitic acid esters, pyromellitic acid esters and phosphate esters, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. 10 . The lubricant composition according to claim 8 , wherein the amount of the ester compound is 0.1-85 wt % based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

11. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the lubricant composition comprises: A) Base oil; B) 0.5-7 wt% of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; C) 0.1 to 10 wt % of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and D) 0.1-85 wt% of the ester compound based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, The total weight of the components contained therein is 100 wt%.

12. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the ester compound is selected from: neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol esters esterified with saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids having a chain length of C4-C36; and neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters and pentaerythritol complex esters fully or partially esterified with saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids having a chain length of C4-C36 and saturated and / or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear and / or branched dicarboxylic acids having a chain length of C4-C36 in the form of any mixture; and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing.

13. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the base oil is selected from the group consisting of oil-soluble polyethylene glycols, polyalphaolefins, metallocene polyalphaolefins, white oils, mineral oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing.

14. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the at least one additive is an additive mixture comprising: one or more antioxidants selected from the group consisting of aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphorothioates, and thiocarbamates; one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from the group consisting of triazole compounds, salicylates, and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof; one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group consisting of neutral carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, naphthalenesulfonic acids, benzenesulfonic acids, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, cyclohexaneic acid, metal phosphates, and N-methylglycine, and derivatives thereof; optionally one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with a chain length of 10 to 18 C atoms, polyols, acrylates and silicones; and Optional one or more antiwear additives and / or high-pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and thiophosphates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfided amine compounds, sulfided fatty acid methyl esters, cyclohexane acids, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures of the aforementioned nanoparticles, sulfonates, heat-stable carbonates and heat-stable sulfates.

15. The lubricant composition according to any one of claims 8 to 14, comprising: A) a base oil selected from the group consisting of oil-soluble polyethylene glycols, polyalphaolefins, and metallocene polyalphaolefins, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing; B) 0.5-5 wt% of an additive mixture comprising one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and / or benzenesulfonic acid metal salts, one or more triazole compounds and / or derivatives thereof, and one or more polysiloxanes; C) 0.1-5 wt% of said organic compound; and D) 10-85 wt% of a pentaerythritol ester; The amounts shown therein are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, with the total of the ingredients included being 100 wt%.

16. Use of the lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in particular according to any one of claims 1 to 7, as general industrial gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil, in particular for the lubrication of gears such as spur gears, bevel gears, planetary gears, worm gears, hypoid gears and cycloid gears, hydraulic devices, linear guides, pneumatic components, accessories, bearings such as plain bearings, rolling bearings, chains, cables, springs, screw parts and compressors in machine parts and systems that come into accidental and unintentional contact with foodstuffs.

17. Use of the lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in particular according to any one of claims 8 to 15, as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils for marine and inland water areas, in particular for lubricating gears, hydraulic systems, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, linear guides, pneumatic components, accessories, bearings such as plain bearings, rolling bearings or stern tube bearings, chains, cables, springs and screws in machines, machine parts and equipment that come into contact with salt water in marine areas or with water and / or aqueous media in inland water areas, as well as in machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media on land.

Images