Method for measuring energy loss in compressed air energy storage process based on force heat flow simulation test

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and particularly discloses a compressed air energy storage process energy loss measurement method based on a force heat flow simulation test. The gas pressure and the temperature of the cavern are dynamically collected under the guidance of a force heat flow coupling similarity criterion, and the energy loss in the gas storage stage is calculated by adopting a gas internal energy and heat change calculation formula, so that the sum analysis of the energy loss in the gas storage stage in the simulation test process is realized. According to the method, high capital investment and a long time period of a large simulation test in a traditional method are greatly reduced, the test efficiency and the research feasibility are remarkably improved, and a more scientific, accurate and reliable technical support is provided for energy efficiency optimization of the compressed air energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and in particular to a method for measuring energy loss in a compressed air energy storage process based on a force and heat flow simulation test. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not necessarily be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] As the global energy structure accelerates its transition toward a green, low-carbon future, the grid's peak-shaving capacity faces unprecedented challenges. Against this backdrop, new power systems based on renewable energy have become a research focus, with compressed air energy storage power stations attracting significant attention as a large-scale energy storage technology. The underground spaces left behind by coal and other mineral resources in my country provide natural "gas storage vessels" for compressed air energy storage, offering significant resource reuse value. For example, patent applications such as Application Nos. 202210065675.9, 202411954318.3, and 202411989165.6 explore the use of these abandoned mines for compressed air energy storage.

[0004] However, compressed gas energy storage in abandoned mines is a systemic project involving the coupling of multiple fields, including mechanics, thermals, and fluid dynamics, and it still faces numerous technical challenges. For example, the complexity and heterogeneity of mine structures increase the risk of gas leakage, and the deformation of the surrounding rock under the coupled conditions of mechanics, thermals, and fluids reduces energy storage efficiency. Traditional compressed gas energy storage simulation tests mainly fall into two approaches. One uses numerical calculations and simulations to analyze the behavior of the gas storage chamber under cyclical temperature and pressure loads. This approach, due to model simplification and boundary condition assumptions, can significantly deviate from the actual gas storage chamber conditions. The other approach involves constructing a large-scale physical simulation test device for simulation. This method requires the development of similar materials for the simulated gas storage chamber's confining pressure, lining, and sealing plugs. However, achieving complete similarity between these materials and the prototype medium can be difficult, which affects the accuracy of the simulation results. Furthermore, large-scale simulation tests are not only costly and time-consuming, but also fail to quantitatively characterize the heat dissipation during the simulated gas storage process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This paper proposes a method for measuring energy loss during compressed air energy storage based on a force-heat-flow simulation test. This method significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of the simulation test, providing more scientific, accurate, and reliable technical support for optimizing the energy efficiency of compressed air energy storage systems. Specifically, the technical solution of this invention is as follows.

[0006] A method for measuring energy loss in a compressed gas energy storage process based on a force and heat flow simulation test comprises the following steps: (1) Determine the geometric similarity scale based on the actual size of the compressed air storage chamber to be built C l , and then the similarity scales of the remaining parameters are determined based on the similarity criterion of mechanical, thermal and fluid coupling in the compressed air energy storage process.

[0007] (2) Based on the similarity criterion, the time point at which the compressed air in the proposed gas storage chamber is filled is determined. , High-pressure gas storage end time , deflation end time , low-pressure gas storage end time To determine: the end time of the simulation test inflation t 1 ', the end time of the simulation test high-pressure gas storage t 2 ', the end time of the simulation test deflation t 3 ', End time of low-pressure gas storage simulation test t 4 ′.

[0008] (3) Based on the similarity criterion, according to the isotropic ground stress of the stratum where the proposed compressed air storage chamber is located, Determine the isotropic axial pressure and confining pressure applied to the simulated test gas storage chamber during the simulation test.

[0009] (4) According to step (1) C l Prepare the simulated test gas storage chamber, place it in the simulated test device, and maintain the gas pressure in the gas storage chamber at the initial moment. P 0, 0~ t 1 ' stage according to the pressure increase to P 1 Fill the corresponding amount of gas according to the setting. t 1 '~ t 2 'Stage maintains the inflated state, t 2 '~ t 3 ' stage according to reduce the pressure to P 3 The setting releases the corresponding amount of gas, t 3 '~ t 4 The whole process simulation test of compressed gas energy storage was carried out by keeping the state after deflation in the 'stage, and thet 1 '、 t 2 '、 t 3 '、 t 4 The actual air pressure in the simulated test gas storage chamber at time ' P i ′ and temperature T i , i =1, 2, 3, 4. The above P 0. P 1 、 P 3 It is the preset air pressure at the corresponding stage during the operation of the compressed air storage chamber actually to be built.

[0010] (5) Calculate the t 1 '、 t 2 '、 t 3 '、 t 4 At the time point ', the internal energy of the gas in the simulated gas storage chamber is U i , i =1, 2, 3, 4, and then calculate the t 1 '~ t 2 The internal energy change in the ' stage, t 3 '~ t 4 The internal energy change in the ' stage, t 1 '~ t 2 Energy loss in the 'stage. On this basis, calculate the t 1 '~ t 2 ' stage: total energy loss ratio η , heat loss ratio η Q and gas leakage loss ratio η g , that is, the energy loss of the compressed air energy storage process is obtained.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (1), the geometric similarity scale C l It can be determined according to the size of the simulation test device so that the geometric similarity scale can be used.C l The prepared simulation test gas storage chamber is installed in the simulation test device. For example, according to the size of the existing simulation test device, C l =50, that is, the size of the compressed air storage chamber actually planned to be built is reduced by 50 times as the size of the simulated test air storage chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the similarity scales of the remaining parameters based on the similarity criterion of the force-heat-flow coupling are: temperature similarity scale =1, similarity scale of air pressure =1, stress similarity scale =1. Time similarity scale = C l 2 , Gas Thermal Conductivity Similarity Scale =1, Gas viscosity coefficient similarity scale =1. Similar scale of gas specific heat capacity =1, Gas density similarity scale =1, similar scale of gas mole number = C l 3 , similarity scale of surface heat transfer coefficient =1. Solid deformation similarity scale =1, Solid Elastic Modulus Similarity Scale =1, Solid permeability similarity scale =1. Solid Porosity Similarity Scale =1, Thermal conductivity similarity scale =1, similarity scale of specific heat capacity coefficient =1. Solid density similarity scale =1, Solid Thermal Expansion Coefficient Similarity Scale =1. Among them: except and The similarity ratios of the other parameters are all 1, which means that only the time similarity ratio The duration of each stage of the reduced pressure gas energy storage process is similar to the scale based on the molar number of the gas The simulation test can be carried out by reducing the amount of gas filled in the simulation test gas storage chamber, and the dynamic similarity between the simulation test and the actual project can be achieved.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), at each time point t i ' is calculated using the following formula: t i ′= ti / C t , i =1, 2, 3, 4, time similarity scale C t = C l 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, in step (3), the isotropic axial pressure and confining pressure The calculation formulas are: , wherein: is the stress similarity scale.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (4), the simulation test device has the functions of applying triaxial stress loading to the simulation test gas storage chamber, filling compressed gas into the simulation test gas storage chamber at a constant speed, and monitoring and collecting the stress, temperature, and air pressure.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (4), the amount of gas used for inflation is N' Calculated according to the following formula: .in: is the similarity scale for the gas mole number, N The proposed compressed air storage chamber is located at 0~ t 1 The amount of gas to be filled into it at this stage.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (5), the t 1 '~ t 2 The calculation formula for the internal energy change in the ' stage is: U 2~1 = U 2- U 1. Among them: U 1 、 U 2 According to the formula calculate, i =1, 2, P i ′As shown in step (4), V Refers to the volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber, C V Refers to the constant volume specific heat capacity of the gas in the simulated test gas storage chamber, R Refers to the ideal gas constant.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (5), the t 3 '~t 4 The calculation formula for the internal energy change in the ' stage is: U 4~3 = U 4- U 3, of which: U 3 、 U 4 According to the formula calculate, i =3, 4, P i ′As shown in step (4), V Refers to the volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber, C V Refers to the constant volume specific heat capacity of the gas in the gas storage chamber, R Refers to the ideal gas constant.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (5), the t 1 '~ t 2 The heat loss calculation formula in the ' stage is: .in: P 1 '、 T 1 Refers to the data collected in step (4) above. t 1 Air pressure and temperature at the time point; T 2 Refers to the data collected in step (4) above t 2 Temperature at the time point; V Refers to the volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber; C V Refers to the constant volume specific heat capacity of the gas in the gas storage chamber, R Refers to the ideal gas constant.

[0020] Furthermore, the volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber is V = V 1 / C l 3 .in: V 1 Refers to the volume of the proposed compressed air storage chamber in step (1). Alternatively, the volume can be directly calculated based on the size of the simulated test air storage chamber. V .

[0021] Furthermore, in step (5), the total energy loss ratio is calculated as follows: .

[0022] Furthermore, in step (5), the heat loss ratio is calculated as follows: .

[0023] Furthermore, in step (5), the gas leakage loss ratio is calculated as follows: .

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects: (1) The present invention proposes a novel method for measuring energy loss in the compressed air energy storage process. To this end, the present invention first innovatively adopts the force-heat-flow coupling similarity criterion applicable to the compressed air energy storage process, and then uses this to determine the similarity scale of the remaining parameters, thereby achieving a simulation test by scientifically reducing the duration of each stage in the gas compression energy storage process and the amount of gas filled in the simulated test gas storage chamber, and can achieve dynamic similarity between the simulation test and the actual project. The method of the present invention not only greatly reduces the high capital investment and long time period of large-scale simulation tests in traditional methods, but also significantly improves the test efficiency and research feasibility.

[0025] (2) The method of the present invention has significant versatility and adaptability, and can be used to conduct tests on different gas storage structures, new sealing materials, and new operating pressure conditions. Through the innovative mechanical-thermal-fluid coupling similarity criterion and scientific parameter scaling, the energy dissipation of the gas storage chamber can be accurately and efficiently obtained, thereby providing key data support for optimizing the design and operation of the gas storage system. In contrast, traditional large-scale simulation test methods are limited by high capital costs, long test cycles, etc., and it is difficult to quickly and accurately obtain relevant data under various new conditions. Although numerical simulation methods can perform calculations quickly, the accuracy of their results is highly dependent on the rationality of the model and assumed boundary conditions, and the simulation process is usually quite different from the actual complex physical process. Especially under complex working conditions involving multi-physical field coupling, its accuracy and reliability are often difficult to guarantee. The method proposed in the present invention effectively makes up for the shortcomings of large-scale simulation tests and numerical simulations through the dynamic similarity between simulation tests and actual projects. It can not only accurately measure the energy dissipation in the gas storage chamber, but also efficiently adapt to the test requirements of various new working conditions, providing more scientific, accurate, and reliable technical support for the energy efficiency optimization of compressed gas energy storage systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure of the gas storage chamber used for simulation test in the following embodiments.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the gas storage chamber used for simulation test in the following embodiments.

[0029] Figure 3 The actual pressure in the gas storage chamber in the following examples is simulated. P i 's test results.

[0030] Figure 4 The actual temperature in the gas storage chamber in the following examples is simulated T i 's test results. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms used herein are intended only to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0033] For the convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in the present invention, they only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to needs to have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0034] The energy loss measurement method for compressed gas energy storage based on a force and heat flow simulation test proposed by the present invention is now further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Specifically, the measurement method includes the following steps: (1) Setting the geometric similarity scale C l =50, that is, the size of the compressed air storage chamber to be built is reduced by 50 times. Then, according to the size parameters obtained after reduction (such as Figure 1 The specific method is as follows: using laser cutting technology to cut the same rock as the proposed compressed air storage chamber into a simulated test gas storage chamber (as shown in FIG. Figure 2Then, a temperature sensor is attached to the inner wall, and the two gas storage chambers are bonded together with polyurethane sealant, which is then cured to form a whole. Figure 1 , first use the rubber plug to fill the chamber on the right side of the sealing plug. Then pour the sulphoaluminate cement-based sealing material (the same material as the sealing plug of the proposed compressed air storage chamber) from the left side of the air storage chamber to the position of the sealing plug and naturally cure for seven days. After the curing is completed, remove the rubber plug to obtain the air storage chamber for the simulation test. In this embodiment, the chamber on the left is used as the place for the ram gas energy storage test (hereinafter referred to as the air storage chamber, refer to Figure 1 ).

[0035] (2) Based on the similarity criterion of force, heat and flow coupling in the compressed air energy storage process, the similarity scales of the remaining parameters are determined, and the surrounding rock material, sealing material, compressed gas type, and air pressure of the simulated test gas storage chamber are limited to those of the actual compressed air energy storage. In this case, the similarity scales of the remaining parameters based on the similarity criterion of force, heat and flow coupling are: temperature similarity scale =1, similarity scale of air pressure =1, stress similarity scale =1. Time similarity scale = C l 2 , Gas Thermal Conductivity Similarity Scale =1, Gas viscosity coefficient similarity scale =1. Similar scale of gas specific heat capacity =1, Gas density similarity scale =1, similar scale of gas mole number = C l 3 , similarity scale of surface heat transfer coefficient =1. Solid deformation similarity scale =1, Solid Elastic Modulus Similarity Scale =1, Solid permeability similarity scale =1. Solid Porosity Similarity Scale =1, Thermal conductivity similarity scale =1, similarity scale of specific heat capacity coefficient =1. Solid density similarity scale =1, Solid Thermal Expansion Coefficient Similarity Scale =1.

[0036] It can be seen that: in addition to the and The similarity ratios of the other parameters are all 1, which means that only the time similarity ratio The duration of each stage of the reduced pressure gas energy storage process is similar to the scale based on the molar number of the gas The simulation test can be carried out by reducing the amount of gas filled in the simulation test gas storage chamber, and the dynamic similarity between the simulation test and the actual project can be achieved, which effectively overcomes the problems of distortion compared with the actual situation in the traditional method of conducting simulation tests by making large-scale physical simulation test equipment, as well as high capital consumption and long time period.

[0037] (3) Based on similarity criteria t i ′= t i / C t = t i / 2500, i =1, 2, 3, 4, time similarity scale C t = C l 2 According to the proposed compressed air storage chamber filling end time point t 1 , High-pressure gas storage end time , deflation end time , low-pressure gas storage end time To determine: the end time of the simulation test inflation t 1 ', the end time of the simulation test high-pressure gas storage t 2 ', the end time of the simulation test deflation t 3 ', End time of low-pressure gas storage simulation test t 4 ′, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0038] Table 1

[0039] (4) Based on the similarity criterion, according to the isotropic stress of the stratum where the proposed gas storage chamber is located, =8MPa Determine the isotropic axial pressure and confining pressure applied to the simulated test gas storage chamber during the simulation test Both are: Based on the gas mole similarity scale in step (2) above = C l 3 Calculate 0~ t 1 The amount of gas filled into the simulated test gas storage chamber in the ' stageN' , calculated as: = N / C l 3 = N / 12500, N The proposed compressed air storage chamber is located at 0~ t 1 The amount of gas (air) to be charged into the stage = 330725 mol, and we get N' =26.458mol.

[0040] (5) The simulated test gas storage chamber prepared in step (1) is vertically placed in the triaxial loading chamber / triaxial chamber 1-10 of the triaxial test module 1 of the "self-balancing coal rock triaxial loading seepage and displacement instrument" (see patent document CN201910729553.3) (i.e., the device Figure 3 After finishing the experiment, start the experiment: (i) First, the universal testing machine 2-1 in the pressure loading module 2 of the "self-balancing coal rock triaxial loading seepage and displacement instrument" is used to apply a constant isotropic axial pressure to the simulated test gas storage chamber through the piston 1-8. Then, a constant isotropic confining pressure is applied to the outer wall of the simulated test gas storage chamber through the confining pressure chamber 1-11 by using the electric booster pump 2-5, the oil filling port 2-6, and the oil outlet 2-7. .

[0041] (ii) Using the gas source 3-3 and the pressure reducing valve 3-5 in the fluid injection module 3 of the "self-balancing coal rock triaxial loading seepage and displacement instrument", the gas pressure in the simulated test gas storage chamber is maintained at P 0 (i.e. the air pressure at the initial moment / 0 moment), then refer to Table 1 above, and t 1 ' stage (i.e. 0~10.2s) according to the pressure in the gas storage chamber from P 0 Increase to P 1 Fill the corresponding amount of air (the amount of gas is N' ). Then turn off the gas source 3-3, t 1 '~ t 2 ' stage (i.e. 10.2~17.3s) to maintain the high pressure gas storage state after filling. Then, using the external cut channels 1-7 in the "self-balancing coal rock triaxial loading seepage and displacement instrument", according to t2 '~ t 3 ' stage (i.e. 17.3~21.4s) the gas pressure in the gas storage chamber is reduced to P 3 Then close the 1-7 external cut channels and release the corresponding amount of gas. t 3 '~ t 4 The low-pressure gas storage state after deflation is maintained during the 'stage (i.e., 21.4~34.6s). This completes one cycle of the compressed gas energy storage process simulation test. P 0. P 1 、 P 3 It is the preset air pressure of the compressed air storage chamber actually planned to be built at the corresponding stage during operation.

[0042] In the above process, the first pressure sensor 4-3 in the data acquisition module 4 of the "self-balancing coal rock triaxial loading seepage and displacement instrument" and the temperature sensor set in the simulation test gas storage chamber are used to collect the t 1 '、 t 2 '、 t 3 '、 t 4 At the time point ', the actual air pressure in the gas storage chamber is P i ′ and temperature T i : The actual air pressure P i The test results of ′ are as follows Figure 3 As shown, it shows: the air pressure in the simulated test air storage chamber at the initial time / time 0 P 0 =0.460MPa=0.460×10 6 Pa. t 1 The actual pressure in the gas storage chamber at time ' P 1 ′=2.999MPa=2.999×10 6 Pa. t 2 The actual pressure in the gas storage chamber at time ' P 2 ′=2.752MPa=2.752×10 6 Pa. t 3The actual pressure in the gas storage chamber at time ' P 3 ′=0.412MPa=0.412×10 6 Pa. t 4 The actual pressure in the gas storage chamber at time ' P 4 ′=0.413MPa=0.413×10 6 Pa.

[0043] The actual temperature T i The test results are as follows Figure 4 As shown, it shows each time point t i '(include t 1 '、 t 2 '、 t 3 '、 t 4 The corresponding temperatures are: T 1 =54.05℃=327.20K, T 2 =42.59℃=315.74K, T 3 =0.54℃=273.69K, T 4 =13.32℃=286.47K.

[0044] (6) Calculate the t 1 '、 t 2 '、 t 3 '、 t 4 At the time point ', the internal energy of the gas in the simulated test gas storage chamber is U i Specifically, the internal energy is calculated using the following formula: , i =1, 2, 3, 4. Among them: P i ′ is the data collected in the previous step t i The air pressure at the time point ', R refers to the ideal gas constant (value is 8.314 J / (mol·K)), C V Refers to the constant volume specific heat capacity of the gas in the simulated test gas storage chamber (the CV =2.5 R, R refers to the ideal gas constant), the P i The unit is Pa, V The unit is m 3 . V Refers to the volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber, V You can also Figure 2 The dimensions of the gas storage chamber in the simulation test (diameter d = 30 mm, length h = 34 mm) are calculated using the volume calculation formula for a cylinder: V =π×r 2 ×h=3.14×(15×10 -3 m) 2 ×(34×10 -3 m)=2.4×10 -5 m 3 The calculation results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0045] Table 2

[0046] Then, through the formula △ U 2~1 = U 2- U 1 Calculate the t 1 '~ t 2 Internal energy change in stage '△ U 2~1 =-14.82J (negative value indicates a decrease in internal energy). U 4~3 = U 4- U 3 Calculation t 3 '~ t 4 Internal energy change in stage '△ U 4~3 =0.06J (positive value indicates increase in internal energy).

[0047] (7) Calculate the t 1 '~ t 2 The heat loss in the ' stage is calculated as follows: . P 1 '、 T 1 Refers to the data collected in step (5) above. t 1 Air pressure and temperature at the time point;T 2 Refers to the data collected in step (5) above t 2 Temperature at the time point; V Refers to the volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber, R refers to the ideal gas constant, C V Refers to the constant volume specific heat capacity of the gas in the simulated test gas storage chamber (the C V =2.5 R, R refers to the ideal gas constant). Calculated: .

[0048] In the formula, P 1 The unit is Pa, V The unit is m 3 , R =8.314J / (mol·K), T is the thermodynamic temperature (K).

[0049] (8) Calculate separately t 1 '~ t 2 The proportion of total heat loss in the ′ stage η , heat loss ratio η Q and gas leakage loss ratio η g , specifically: (i) Proportion of total energy loss η The calculation formula is: , thus obtaining .

[0050] (ii) The proportion of heat loss η Q The calculation formula is: . Thus we get .

[0051] (iii) Proportion of gas leakage losses η g The calculation formula is: , thus obtaining .

[0052] From the above calculation results, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) In the high-pressure gas storage stage ( t 1 '~ t 2 ′), due to △ U2~1 It is a negative value: -14.82J, indicating that the energy of the compressed air in the gas storage chamber has been lost, and the energy loss is caused by heat loss and gas leakage loss, and because of the η Q < η g , indicating that the energy loss caused by gas leakage is greater. Therefore, in actual gas storage, it is necessary to improve the sealing of the gas storage chamber to reduce gas leakage, and also take measures to reduce heat loss and energy loss. (2) In the low-pressure gas storage stage ( t 3 '~ t 4 ′), due to the internal energy change △ U 4~3 It is a positive value of 0.06 J, indicating that the internal energy of the compressed air increases in this stage. The main reason is the convective heat exchange between the side wall of the gas storage chamber with a higher temperature and the air in the gas storage chamber with a lower temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to add a heat exchange system in the low-pressure gas storage stage to control the fluctuation of the air temperature after degassing.

[0053] The above-mentioned energy loss measurement method innovatively uses the gas internal energy and heat change calculation formula to quantitatively calculate the energy and heat dissipation in the gas storage chamber during the simulated test during the gas storage stage, greatly improving the calculation efficiency and accuracy, and providing more scientific and effective technical support for the energy efficiency optimization of the compressed gas energy storage system.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is combined with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without expending creative effort are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage based on force and heat flow simulation test, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Determine the geometric similarity scale based on the actual size of the compressed air storage chamber to be built C l , then determine the similarity scales of the remaining parameters based on the similarity criterion of mechanical, thermal and fluid coupling in the compressed air energy storage process; (2) Based on the similarity criterion, the time point at which the compressed air in the proposed gas storage chamber is filled is determined. , High-pressure gas storage end time , deflation end time , low-pressure gas storage end time To determine: the end time of the simulation test inflation t 1 ', the end time of the simulation test high-pressure gas storage t 2 ', the end time of the simulation test deflation t 3 ', End time of low-pressure gas storage simulation test t 4 '; (3) Based on the similarity criterion, according to the isotropic ground stress of the stratum where the proposed compressed air storage chamber is located, Determine the isotropic axial pressure and confining pressure applied to the simulated test gas storage chamber during the simulation test ; (4) According to step (1) C l Prepare the simulated test gas storage chamber, place it in the simulated test device, and maintain the gas pressure in the gas storage chamber at the initial moment. P 0, 0~ t 1 ' stage according to the pressure increase to P 1 Fill the corresponding amount of gas according to the setting. t 1 '~ t 2 'Stage maintains the inflated state, t 2 '~ t 3 ' stage according to reduce the pressure to P 3 The setting releases the corresponding amount of gas, t 3 '~ t 4 The whole process simulation test of compressed gas energy storage was carried out by keeping the state after deflation in the 'stage, and the t 1 '、 t 2 '、 t 3 '、 t 4 The actual air pressure in the simulated test gas storage chamber at time ' P i ′ and temperature T i , i =1, 2, 3, 4; the above P 0. P 1 、 P 3 The preset air pressure at the corresponding stage of operation of the compressed air storage chamber to be actually constructed; (5) Calculate the t 1 '、 t 2 '、 t 3 '、 t 4 At the time point ', the internal energy of the gas in the simulated gas storage chamber is U i , i =1, 2, 3, 4, and then calculate the t 1 '~ t 2 The internal energy change in the ' stage, t 3 '~ t 4 The internal energy change in the ' stage, t 1 '~ t 2 ' stage energy loss; on this basis, calculate the t 1 '~ t 2 ' stage: total energy loss ratio η , heat loss ratio η Q and gas leakage loss ratio η g , that is, the energy loss of the compressed air energy storage process is obtained.

2. The method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage process based on force and heat flow simulation test according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (1), the similarity scales of the remaining parameters based on the similarity criterion of force-heat-flow coupling are: temperature similarity scale =1, similarity scale of air pressure =1, stress similarity scale =1. Time similarity scale = C l 2 , Gas Thermal Conductivity Similarity Scale =1, Gas viscosity coefficient similarity scale =1. Similar scale of gas specific heat capacity =1, Gas density similarity scale =1, similar scale of gas mole number = C l 3 , similarity scale of surface heat transfer coefficient =1. Solid deformation similarity scale =1, Solid Elastic Modulus Similarity Scale =1, Solid permeability similarity scale =1. Solid Porosity Similarity Scale =1, Thermal conductivity similarity scale =1, similarity scale of specific heat capacity coefficient =1. Solid density similarity scale =1, Solid Thermal Expansion Coefficient Similarity Scale =1.

3. The method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage process based on force and heat flow simulation test according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (2), at each time point t i ' is calculated using the following formula: t i ′= t i / C t , i =1, 2, 3, 4, time similarity scale C t = C l 2 .

4. The method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage process based on force and heat flow simulation test according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (3), the isotropic axial pressure and confining pressure The calculation formulas are: , wherein: is the stress similarity scale.

5. The method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage process based on force and heat flow simulation test according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step (4), the amount of gas used for inflation is N' Calculated according to the following formula: ;in: is the similarity scale for the gas mole number, N The proposed compressed air storage chamber is located at 0~ t 1 The amount of gas to be filled into the stage; Alternatively, in step (4), the simulation test device has the functions of applying triaxial stress loading to the simulation test gas storage chamber, filling compressed gas into the simulation test gas storage chamber at a constant speed, and monitoring and collecting the stress, temperature, and air pressure.

6. The method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage process based on force and heat flow simulation test according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (5), the t 1 '~ t 2 The calculation formula for the internal energy change in the ' stage is: U 2~1 = U 2- U 1; in: U 1 、 U 2 According to the formula calculate, i =1, 2, P i ′As shown in step (4), V Refers to the volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber, C V Refers to the constant volume specific heat capacity of the gas in the simulated test gas storage chamber, R refers to the ideal gas constant; Alternatively, in step (5), the t 3 '~ t 4 The calculation formula for the internal energy change in the ' stage is: U 4~3 = U 4- U 3, of which: U 3 、 U 4 According to the formula calculate, i =3, 4, P i ′As shown in step (4), V Refers to the volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber, C V Refers to the constant volume specific heat capacity of the gas in the gas storage chamber, R Refers to the ideal gas constant.

7. The method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage process based on force and heat flow simulation test according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step (5), the t 1 '~ t 2 The heat loss calculation formula in the ' stage is: ; in: P 1 '、 T 1 Refers to the data collected in step (4) above. t 1 Air pressure and temperature at the time point; T 2 Refers to the data collected in step (4) above t 2 Temperature at the time point; V Refers to the volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber; C V Refers to the constant volume specific heat capacity of the gas in the gas storage chamber, R Refers to the ideal gas constant.

8. The method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage process based on force and heat flow simulation test according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The volume of the simulated test gas storage chamber V = V 1 / C l 3 ;in: V 1 Refers to the volume of the proposed compressed air storage chamber in step (1); or, directly calculate the volume according to the size of the simulated test air storage chamber V .

9. The method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage process based on force and heat flow simulation test according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step (5), the total energy loss ratio is calculated as follows: .

10. The method for measuring energy loss in compressed gas energy storage process based on force and heat flow simulation test according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step (5), the heat loss ratio is calculated as follows: ; Alternatively, in step (5), the gas leakage loss ratio is calculated as follows: .

Images