Optical axis coaxiality debugging system of periscopic periscope and working method of optical axis coaxiality debugging system
The real-time display of the periscope optical axis offset through the photoelectric autocollimator and imaging software solves the time-consuming and labor-intensive problem of optical axis coaxiality debugging of the periscope, and realizes efficient and accurate optical axis coaxiality debugging.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510832211.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-26
AI Technical Summary
The existing method for debugging the optical axis coaxiality of a panoramic periscope is time-consuming and labor-intensive, easily fatigues the human eye, has low debugging accuracy, and is difficult to operate.
A photoelectric autocollimator and imaging software are used to display the optical axis offset during the periscope rotation in real time, and the aberration is calculated by the software to achieve digital debugging.
It reduces the difficulty of operation, improves debugging efficiency and accuracy, reduces eye fatigue, and realizes an intuitive and efficient debugging process.
Smart Images
Figure CN120703960A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement and detection, in particular to an optical axis coaxiality debugging system for a periscope and a working method thereof. Background Art
[0002] A periscope, or "a periscope capable of 360° rotation," is a common optical inspection instrument with widespread applications in various fields. It is commonly used in submarines, tunnels, and tanks to observe enemy activity, observe and search for targets on the surface and in the air, determine their position, distance, and speed, conduct reconnaissance photography, and record combat results. It can be used not only on the surface but also on land and in the air. Beyond the military, periscopes are also used in industrial production for toxic gas detection, pipeline internal inspection, and ship inspection. Periscope inspections accurately visualize the internal structure and problems of pipelines, allowing for timely identification and resolution.
[0003] The core of a periscope is its optical system, and its performance is crucial for high-precision observation and aiming. Optical axis coaxiality is a crucial parameter for optical system commissioning. Ensuring this level of coaxiality allows the periscope to accurately measure the target's position, distance, speed, and other parameters during rotation. This allows for real-time monitoring of the surrounding 360° scene while observing or detecting a target.
[0004] Currently, the most common method for debugging the optical axis coaxiality of a panoramic periscope is to use a theodolite. This is done by fixing the theodolite to the rotating part of the periscope, rotating the periscope 360°, and observing the optical axis deviation within the theodolite with the naked eye. During this rotation, the operator is required to keep their eyes fixed on the theodolite. However, the theodolite's eyepiece is small, making observation difficult and the image presented to the naked eye unclear. Prolonged observation of bright targets can easily fatigue the human eye and cause damage. Furthermore, the operator must rotate the theodolite 360°, which is physically demanding and difficult to operate. The entire debugging process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and debugging accuracy needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present invention aims to address the issues of human eye fatigue, high manual effort, operational difficulty, and clumsiness raised in the prior art, while also improving debugging accuracy. The present invention provides a system and method for debugging the optical axis coaxiality of a periscope. This system visualizes and digitizes the optical axis coaxiality offset during 360° rotation on a display in real time. This eliminates the need for the debugger to rotate the instrument 360°, thus reducing operational difficulty and improving debugging efficiency, resulting in an intuitive and efficient debugging process.
[0006] The technical solution adopted in this application is: A system for debugging the optical axis coaxiality of a periscope comprises a base, a lens barrel being provided on the base, a connecting plate being provided on the lens barrel, a support frame being provided on the connecting plate, an upper reflector being provided on the support frame, the upper reflector being mounted on a bracket, and connecting rods being provided at both ends of the bracket, the connecting rods being provided on the through holes of the support frame, and connected to a rotating shaft on one side of the connecting rod, the rotating shaft being mounted and connected to a motor after being adapted to a bearing, the connecting rod at the other end of the upper reflector passing through the through hole of the support frame and being mounted with a counterweight; a lower reflector is fixedly provided at the lower end inside the lens barrel and close to the center of the base.
[0007] The lower reflecting mirror is fixed to the base through a mounting bracket, and the connection part between the base and the lens barrel is through mounting gaskets of different thicknesses.
[0008] A downwardly protruding sleeve is provided at the center of the connecting plate, and a special bearing is provided on the outer periphery of the sleeve. The upper end of the lens barrel is used to support the retaining ring of the connecting plate, and a resolver motor is provided on the retaining ring. The special bearing rotates 360° on the horizontal plane under the drive of the resolver motor.
[0009] The system also includes a photoelectric autocollimator arranged on a connecting plate, the photoelectric autocollimator is electrically connected to the all-in-one machine via a data cable, the all-in-one machine is provided with imaging software for real-time dynamic display of target aberration during the rotation of the periscope and providing aberration amount calculation, and also includes a 45° goniometer.
[0010] The light emitted by the photoelectric autocollimator forms a 45° angle with the upper reflector. The light beam is reflected to the lower reflector through the through hole in the center of the connecting plate. After being reflected by the lower reflector, it is reflected by the plane reflector, and then returns to the photoelectric autocollimator through the above-mentioned optical path to be received and then reaches the all-in-one machine to obtain an image. Before the test light beam is reflected, the angle of the lower reflector is fine-tuned by installing a gasket, and the motor is adjusted to a 45° angle. The all-in-one machine is installed with imaging software that dynamically displays the target aberration during the rotation of the periscope in real time and provides aberration calculation.
[0011] Furthermore, the method includes the steps of generating a cross target light source by a photoelectric autocollimator, imaging the cross target after passing through three reflectors, and displaying the imaging status of the target on the all-in-one software. During the 360° rotation of the periscope, the imaging software dynamically displays and provides real-time feedback on the imaging status of the cross target, calculates the offset between the cross target and the center of the optical axis, and thus determines the coaxiality of the optical axis during the rotation process of the periscope.
[0012] The working method of the optical axis coaxiality debugging system of the periscope specifically comprises the following steps: S1: Fix the photoelectric autocollimator to the rotatable part at the front end of the periscope optical path. The photoelectric autocollimator can rotate with the periscope. The reflector is installed at the end of the periscope optical path. S2: Use a 45° goniometer to adjust the upper reflector of the periscope to ensure that the angle between the upper reflector and the rotating plane is 45°; S3: Turn on the photoelectric autocollimator and the integrated machine, adjust the lower reflector of the periscope, so that the cross target light source emitted by the autocollimator passes through the three reflectors and the cross image reflected back is displayed on the imaging software in the integrated machine; S4: Rotate the rotatable part of the periscope 360°, observe the offset between the crosshair target image and the center of the imaging software during the rotation, and find the maximum offset; S5: By adjusting the lower reflector of the periscope, the maximum offset between the cross target image and the imaging meets the index requirement line, thereby realizing the coaxiality debugging of the periscope optical axis.
[0013] The working method of the optical axis coaxiality debugging system of the panoramic periscope is as follows: in step S4, whether the maximum position of the aberration offset meets the requirements during the 360° rotation of the panoramic periscope is checked; if the maximum offset meets the index requirements, it is judged to be qualified; otherwise, it is unqualified; ideally, the offset is 0 during the 360° rotation.
[0014] A method for debugging the optical axis coaxiality of a periscope is disclosed. A cross light source S emitted by a photoelectric autocollimator passes through an upper plane reflector, a lower plane reflector, and a plane reflector installed at the end of the optical path of the periscope optical system to form an optical circuit, and an image S' is formed on the reticle of the autocollimator. When the two reflectors of the periscope are at a certain angle, the image of the returned light source on the reticle of the photoelectric autocollimator will produce a displacement of ΔS, i.e., an aberration ΔS. The aberration ΔS state of the target is displayed in the imaging software, and its offset is calculated, i.e., the optical axis offset. During the 360-degree rotation of the periscope, the software dynamically displays the optical axis offset in real time. When the maximum offset is found, the angle of one of the periscope reflectors is adjusted to minimize the aberration ΔS, thereby debugging the optical axis coaxiality.
[0015] Advantages of the present invention: 1) Using a photoelectric autocollimator with photoelectric conversion function to replace the theodolite. Compared with the traditional theodolite debugging instrument, it converts human eye observation into digital dynamic display debugging, eliminating the debugging error caused by human eye observation and improving the debugging accuracy; 2) The debugging method is more intuitive and efficient, which reduces the technical requirements for operators, reduces the physical consumption of operators, and reduces the difficulty of debugging; 3) No need to manually calculate the optical axis offset. The optical axis offset is calculated in real time by software, which greatly improves debugging efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 A structural diagram of the debugging system provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a telescope provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the adjustable portion between the base and the lens barrel provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the upper reflector being fixed at 45° provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 The optical system provided in the embodiments of the present application is intended; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of aberrations provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the software display provided in the embodiment of the present application; Among them, 1. Upper reflector, 2. Counterweight, 3. Connecting plate, 4. Lens barrel, 5. Lower reflector, 6. Base, 7. Plane reflector, 8. All-in-one machine, 9. Photoelectric autocollimator, 10. Motor, 11. Bearing, 12. Rotating shaft, 13. Special bearing, 14. Resolver motor, 15. 45° goniometer; 16. Cross target, 17. Cross target image, 18. Connecting screws. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] Example 1 The optical axis coaxiality adjustment system for a periscope consists of a photoelectric autocollimator, a 45° goniometer, a plane reflector, and dynamic display software. The photoelectric autocollimator is installed in the rotatable portion of the periscope, at the front end of the optical system, while the plane reflector is installed at the end of the periscope's optical path. A cross-shaped light source (S) emitted by the photoelectric autocollimator passes through the upper and lower plane reflectors of the periscope's optical system, as well as the plane reflector installed at the end of the optical path, forming an optical circuit and an image (S') on the autocollimator's reticle. When the two mirrors of the periscope are at a certain angle, the image of the returning cross-shaped light source on the photoelectric autocollimator's reticle will produce a displacement (ΔS), known as an aberration (ΔS). The target's aberration (ΔS) is displayed in the all-in-one software, and the offset is calculated, representing the optical axis offset. During the 360-degree rotation of the periscope, the software dynamically displays the optical axis offset in real time. By finding the maximum offset, the angle of one of the periscope's reflectors is adjusted to minimize the aberration (ΔS), thereby achieving adjustment of the optical axis coaxiality.
[0018] The method for debugging the optical axis coaxiality of a periscope is characterized in that the debugging process includes the following steps: 1. Fix the photoelectric autocollimator to the rotatable front end of the periscope optical path. The photoelectric autocollimator can rotate with the periscope. The reflector is installed at the end of the periscope optical path. 2. Use a 45° goniometer to adjust the upper reflector of the periscope to ensure that the angle between the upper reflector and the rotating plane is 45°; 3. Turn on the photoelectric autocollimator and display, and adjust the reflector under the periscope so that the cross target light source emitted by the autocollimator passes through the periscope optical system and the installed plane reflector, and the cross image reflected back is displayed on the all-in-one software; 4. The rotatable part of the 360° rotating periscope, including the installed photoelectric autocollimator. Observe the offset between the crosshair target image and the imaging center of the optical system during rotation and find the maximum offset; 5. By adjusting the lower reflector of the periscope, the maximum offset between the cross target image and the imaging center of the optical system meets the index requirements, and the coaxiality of the periscope optical axis is debugged; The front end of the optical path of the periscope is the upper reflector, and the end of the optical path is the lower reflector. The upper reflector is fixed to the rotatable part; The lower reflector of the periscope is fixed to a base, and the angle between the base and the periscope barrel can be adjusted by using gaskets of different thicknesses to achieve adjustment of the lower reflector; The plane reflector installed at the end of the optical path of the periscope is a high-precision plane reflector; The software can dynamically display the target aberration during the rotation of the periscope in real time and provide imaging software for calculating the aberration amount; The optical axis coaxiality of the periscope is determined by determining whether the maximum position of the aberration offset during the 360° rotation of the periscope meets the requirements. If the maximum offset meets the requirements, the periscope is considered qualified; otherwise, it is considered unqualified. Ideally, the offset is zero throughout the 360° rotation.
[0019] like Figure 1 The periscope optical system includes an upper reflector 1 and a lower reflector 5, wherein a motor 10 and a counterweight 2 are installed at both ends of the upper reflector 1. Figure 2 One end of the motor is connected to a rotating shaft 12 using a bearing 11, and the counterweight 2 at the other end also has a bearing and a rotating shaft. The rotation of the motor drives the upper reflector 1 to achieve pitch rotation and is installed on the connecting plate 3 (the purpose of the counterweight 2 is to ensure that the upper reflector 1 can be balanced and fixed in different positions during the rotation process). A dedicated shaft 13 is installed between the connecting plate 3 and the periscope barrel 4. A resolver motor 14 is installed in the barrel 4. The resolver motor 14 and the dedicated bearing 13 drive the connecting plate 3 and the upper reflector to rotate 360° horizontally.
[0020] The lower reflector 5 is fixed to the base 6 through a mounting bracket, and the base 6 and the lens barrel 4 are connected using a plurality of screws 18. Figure 3 Since the lens barrel 4 and the upper reflector 1 are connected as a whole, parallel adjustment of the upper reflector and the lower reflector can be achieved by using mounting gaskets of different thicknesses at the connection portion between the base 6 and the lens barrel 4 .
[0021] The rear reflector of the periscope is fixed to a base (6), and the angle between the base and the periscope barrel can be adjusted by using gaskets of different thicknesses to achieve adjustment of the lower reflector; The plane reflector installed at the end of the optical path of the periscope is a high-precision plane reflector; The specific steps are as follows: A method for debugging the optical axis coaxiality of a periscope is characterized in that the debugging instrument includes: a photoelectric autocollimator 9, a 45° goniometer 15, an all-in-one machine 8, and a plane reflector 7. The photoelectric autocollimator 9 is mounted on the periscope connecting plate 3 and rotates 360° with the periscope. The display and software 8 display the optical axis offset in real time. The plane reflector 7 is mounted at the end of the periscope's optical path.
[0022] 1. If Figure 4 , use the 45° goniometer 15 to adjust the upper reflector 1 of the periscope to ensure that the angle between the upper reflector and the rotating plane (connecting plate 3) is 45°. After the adjustment is completed, fix the upper reflector 1; 2. If Figure 1 , fix the photoelectric autocollimator 9 on the periscope connecting plate 3, that is, before the upper reflector 1. The photoelectric autocollimator 9 can rotate with the periscope connecting plate 3 and is connected to the display 8. The reflector 7 is installed at the end of the periscope optical path, that is, after the lower reflector 5; 3. Turn on the photoelectric autocollimator 9, the display and the software 8, adjust the autocollimator 9 so that the cross target light source 16 of the autocollimator passes through the periscope optical system and the installed plane reflector 7, and the cross target image 17 is reflected back, and the cross target image 17 is displayed on the software, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 ; 4. The rotatable part of the 360° rotating periscope (connecting plate 3, upper reflector 1 and installed photoelectric autocollimator 9). Observe the offset between the cross target image 17 and the center of the optical axis during the rotation process, such as Figure 6 、 Figure 7 ; 6) After one rotation, the maximum offset of the optical axis can be found through the software and compared with the required index line, such as Figure 7If the maximum offset does not meet the index requirements, loosen the screw 18 between the base 6 and the lens barrel 4, and adjust the angle between the lower reflector 5 and the upper reflector 1 by adding or removing gaskets at the appropriate position of the connection between the base 6 and the lens barrel 4; 7) Rotate the rotatable part (connecting plate 3, upper reflector 1 and installed photoelectric autocollimator 9) one circle again, observe the maximum offset of the optical axis, and repeat step 4 until the optical axis offset meets the index requirements, achieving parallel debugging of the upper and lower reflectors.
[0023] While Example 1 described above illustrates this debugging method using a two-mirror telescope system, most periscope optical systems typically incorporate multiple mirrors and can also be debugged using the principles of this debugging method. The core of this implementation lies in finding aberrations in the periscope optical system and dynamically displaying and calculating the aberrations in real time, making the debugging process intuitive and efficient. This is a debugging method with universal significance.
Claims
1. An optical axis coaxiality debugging system for a periscope, comprising a base (6), characterized in that The base (6) is provided with a lens barrel (4), a connecting plate (3) is provided on the lens barrel (4), a support frame is provided on the connecting plate (3), an upper reflector (1) is provided on the support frame, the upper reflector (1) is mounted on the bracket, and connecting rods are provided at both ends of the bracket, the connecting rods are provided on the through hole of the support frame, and one side of the connecting rod is connected to the rotating shaft (12), after the rotating shaft (12) is matched with the bearing (11), a motor (10) is installed and connected, and the connecting rod at the other end of the upper reflector (5) passes through the through hole of the support frame and is installed with a counterweight (2); a lower reflector (5) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the lens barrel (4) and close to the center of the base (6).
2. The optical axis coaxiality debugging system of a periscope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower reflecting mirror (5) is fixed to the base (6) via a mounting bracket, and the connection portion between the base (6) and the lens barrel (4) is connected via mounting gaskets of different thicknesses.
3. The optical axis coaxiality debugging system of a periscope according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve protruding downward is provided at the center of the connecting plate (3), and a special bearing (13) is provided on the outer periphery of the sleeve. The upper end of the lens barrel (4) is used to support a retaining ring of the connecting plate (3), and a rotary motor (14) is provided on the retaining ring. The special bearing (13) rotates 360 degrees on a horizontal plane under the drive of the rotary motor (14).
4. The optical axis coaxiality debugging system of a periscope according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a photoelectric autocollimator (9) arranged on the connecting plate (3), the photoelectric autocollimator (9) being electrically connected to the all-in-one machine (8) via a data line, the all-in-one machine (8) being provided with imaging software for real-time dynamic display of target aberration during the rotation of the periscope and providing aberration amount calculation, and also includes a 45° goniometer.
5. The optical axis coaxiality debugging system of a periscope according to claim 4, characterized in that: The light emitted by the photoelectric autocollimator (9) forms a 45° angle with the upper reflector (1), and the light beam is reflected to the lower reflector (5) through the through hole in the center of the connecting plate, and then reaches the plane reflector (7) after being reflected by the lower reflector (5), and then returns to the photoelectric autocollimator (9) through the above-mentioned light path, and then reaches the integrated machine (8) to obtain an image. Before the test light beam is reflected, the angle of the lower reflector (5) is fine-tuned by installing a gasket, and at the same time, the motor (10) is adjusted to a 45° angle. The all-in-one machine (8) is equipped with imaging software that dynamically displays the target aberration during the rotation of the periscope in real time and provides aberration calculation.
6. The optical axis coaxiality debugging system of a periscope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: generating a cross target light source by a photoelectric autocollimator, imaging the cross target after passing through three reflectors, and displaying the imaging status of the target on the all-in-one software. During the 360-degree rotation of the periscope, the imaging software dynamically displays and provides real-time feedback on the imaging status of the cross target, calculates the offset between the cross target and the center of the optical axis, and thus determines the coaxiality of the optical axis during the rotation process of the periscope.
7. The operating method of the optical axis coaxiality debugging system of a periscope according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1: Fix the photoelectric autocollimator to the rotatable part at the front end of the periscope optical path. The photoelectric autocollimator can rotate with the periscope. The reflector is installed at the end of the periscope optical path. S2: Use a 45° goniometer to adjust the upper reflector of the periscope to ensure that the angle between the upper reflector and the rotating plane is 45°; S3: Turn on the photoelectric autocollimator and the integrated machine, adjust the lower reflector of the periscope, so that the cross target light source emitted by the autocollimator passes through the three reflectors and the cross image reflected back is displayed on the imaging software in the integrated machine; S4: Rotate the rotatable part of the periscope 360°, observe the offset between the crosshair target image and the center of the imaging software during the rotation, and find the maximum offset; S5: By adjusting the lower reflector of the periscope, the maximum offset between the cross target image and the imaging meets the index requirement line, thereby realizing the coaxiality debugging of the periscope optical axis.
8. The operating method of the optical axis coaxiality debugging system of a periscope according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, during the 360° rotation of the periscope, the maximum position of the aberration offset meets the requirements. If the maximum offset meets the index requirements, it is judged to be qualified, otherwise it is unqualified. Ideally, the offset is 0 during the 360° rotation.
9. The operating method of the optical axis coaxiality debugging system of a periscope according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cross light source S emitted by the photoelectric autocollimator passes through the upper plane reflector, lower plane reflector and plane reflector installed at the end of the optical path of the periscope optical system to form an optical circuit and form an image S' on the reticle of the autocollimator. When there is a certain angle between the two reflectors of the periscope, the image of the returned light source on the reticle of the photoelectric autocollimator will produce a displacement of ΔS, that is, the aberration ΔS. The aberration ΔS state of the target is displayed in the imaging software, and its offset is calculated, which is the optical axis offset. During the 360° rotation of the periscope, the software dynamically displays the optical axis offset in real time. After finding the maximum offset, the angle of one of the periscope reflectors is adjusted to minimize the aberration ΔS, thereby achieving the adjustment of the optical axis coaxiality.