Automated analyzer and control method therefor

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic analysis device capable of generating ultrasonic waves from different piezoelectric elements without reducing the intensity of the ultrasonic waves. To this end, this automatic analysis device is provided with: a piezoelectric element that generates ultrasonic waves; an amplifier that drives the piezoelectric element; a relay switch provided between the piezoelectric element and the amplifier; and a control unit that controls the amplifier and the relay switches, in a case where a first piezoelectric element is driven, the control unit turns on a positive voltage-side switch and a GND-side switch among first relay switches provided between the first piezoelectric element and the amplifier, and turns on a GND-side switch among the first relay switches provided between the first piezoelectric element and the amplifier, in a case where the first piezoelectric element is driven. The control unit turns off a positive-voltage-side switch and a GND-side switch in a second relay switch provided between a second piezoelectric element and the amplifier, and turns on the positive-voltage-side switch and the GND-side switch in the second relay switch when the second piezoelectric element is driven, and turns off the GND-side switch in the second relay switch when the second piezoelectric element is driven. A positive voltage side switch and a GND side switch in the first relay switch are turned off.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an automatic analyzing device and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Automatic analyzers use a technology that stirs samples and reagents in reaction vessels contactlessly by irradiating them with ultrasonic waves. To generate ultrasonic waves, an amplifier drives a piezoelectric element within the automatic analyzer. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an automatic analyzer in which an amplifier applies a voltage to one or more of the multiple split electrodes provided in the piezoelectric element, driving the piezoelectric element and generating acoustic waves. Patent Document 1 also discloses a control relay group that connects the split electrodes to the amplifier and the constant-temperature water-side electrode to the ground line during stirring.

[0003] Prior art literature

[0004] Patent Literature

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2021-196329 Summary of the Invention

[0006] Problems to be solved by the invention

[0007] The constant-temperature water-side electrode in Patent Document 1 switches between being connected to the ground wire and being connected to an impedance measurement circuit for abnormality detection. Furthermore, the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 assumes only a single piezoelectric element is driven. However, if multiple piezoelectric elements are used and only some are driven, and if the constant-temperature water-side electrodes of the remaining piezoelectric elements are also grounded, leakage current through the constant-temperature water can flow from the constant-temperature water-side electrodes of some piezoelectric elements to those of other piezoelectric elements. This results in the amplifier's output current not being fully supplied to some piezoelectric elements, leading to a reduction in ultrasonic intensity.

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic analyzing device capable of generating ultrasonic waves from different piezoelectric elements without reducing the intensity of the ultrasonic waves.

[0009] Means for solving problems

[0010] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the automatic analyzing device of the present invention includes: a piezoelectric element that generates ultrasonic waves; an amplifier that drives the piezoelectric element; a relay switch that is arranged between the piezoelectric element and the amplifier; and a control unit that controls the amplifier and the relay switch, wherein, when driving a first piezoelectric element, the control unit turns on the positive voltage side switch and the GND side switch of a first relay switch arranged between the first piezoelectric element and the amplifier, and turns off the positive voltage side switch and the GND side switch of a second relay switch arranged between the second piezoelectric element and the amplifier; and when driving the second piezoelectric element, the control unit turns on the positive voltage side switch and the GND side switch of the second relay switch, and turns off the positive voltage side switch and the GND side switch of the first relay switch.

[0011] Effects of the Invention

[0012] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an automatic analyzing device capable of generating ultrasonic waves from different piezoelectric elements without reducing the intensity of the ultrasonic waves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic analysis device of Example 1.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the structure of a stirring unit and an amplifier and a control unit connected thereto.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a plan view showing the positional relationship between the reaction container and the piezoelectric element in the thermostatic bath of the automatic analyzer of Example 1.

[0016] Figure 4A This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element of an automatic analyzer according to a comparative example (a case where only the first piezoelectric element is driven).

[0017] Figure 4B This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element of an automatic analyzer according to a comparative example (a case where only the second piezoelectric element is driven).

[0018] Figure 5A This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric elements of the automatic analyzer of Example 1 (when only the first piezoelectric element is driven).

[0019] Figure 5B This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element of the automatic analyzer of Example 1 (when only the second piezoelectric element is driven).

[0020] Figure 6This is a timing chart showing the operation when a plurality of piezoelectric elements are driven in the automatic analyzer of Example 1.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a plan view showing the positional relationship between the reaction container and the piezoelectric element in the thermostatic bath of the automatic analyzer of Example 2.

[0022] Figure 8A This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element of the automatic analyzer of Example 2 (when only the first piezoelectric element is driven).

[0023] Figure 8B This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric elements of the automatic analyzer of Example 2 (when only the third piezoelectric element is driven).

[0024] Figure 8C This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element of the automatic analyzer of Example 2 (when only the second piezoelectric element is driven).

[0025] Figure 8D This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric elements of the automatic analyzer of Example 2 (when only the fourth piezoelectric element is driven).

[0026] Figure 9 It is a timing chart showing the overall stirring operation by each piezoelectric element.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a timing chart showing the operation when the first piezoelectric element and the third piezoelectric element are driven within a certain stirring time in the automatic analyzer of Example 2.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a timing chart showing the operation when the second piezoelectric element and the fourth piezoelectric element are driven within a certain stirring time in the automatic analyzer of Example 2.

[0029] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element of the automatic analyzer of Example 3 (when only the first piezoelectric element is driven).

[0030] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element of the automatic analyzer of Example 4 (when only the first piezoelectric element is driven). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described using the drawings.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the automatic analysis device of Example 1. Figure 1 As shown, the automatic analyzer includes a sample storage unit 101, a reagent storage unit 102, a reaction unit 103, stirring units 104 and 105, an analysis unit 110, a cleaning unit 106, a sample dispensing mechanism 113, and a reagent dispensing mechanism 115. Figure 1 Although not shown in the figure, the automatic analyzer further includes a control unit 4 (host computer) composed of an electronic circuit and a storage device. The operation of each unit and each mechanism is controlled by the control unit 4.

[0034] The sample storage unit 101 stores sample containers such as test tubes, and a sample 107 is placed in the sample container. The reaction unit 103 is composed of a rotatable reaction disk, and the reaction container 30 (reaction unit) is arranged in a circumferential shape on the reaction disk. In addition, the reaction disk has a constant temperature bath for maintaining constant temperature water at a specified temperature. The constant temperature water circulating in the constant temperature bath contacts the reaction container 30, thereby maintaining the reaction container 30 at a specified temperature. The sample dispensing mechanism 113 draws the amount of sample 107 required for analysis from the sample container and discharges the drawn sample 107 into the reaction container 30 on the reaction unit 103. The reagent dispensing mechanism 115 draws the amount of reagent 116 required for analysis from the reagent storage unit 102 and discharges the drawn reagent 116 into the reaction container 30. A plurality of stirring units 104 and 105 are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the reaction disk to stir the sample 107 and reagent 116 discharged into the reaction container 30, respectively. The analysis unit 110 performs component analysis by measuring the absorbance of the reaction solution containing the sample 107 and the reagent 116, whose reaction has been accelerated. The cleaning unit 106 cleans the reaction vessel 30 after the absorbance measurement is completed. The sample dispensing mechanism 113 dispenses the next sample 107 into the reaction vessel 30 cleaned by the cleaning unit 106, and the same sequence is repeated thereafter.

[0035] Here, stirring parts 104, 105 irradiate ultrasonic waves to reaction vessel 30, utilize vibration, sound flow, sound radiation pressure etc., realize the stirring of sample 107 and reagent 116 in a non-contact manner.By arranging multiple stirring parts, the stirring of sample 107 and reagent 116 is carried out efficiently, and higher processing capacity is realized.In addition, in the present embodiment, as the liquid with sound wave as medium, constant temperature water is used, but it can also be water other than constant temperature water, it can also be liquid other than water.In addition, as long as sample 107 and reagent 116 are applied with vibration etc., it can also be sound wave other than ultrasonic wave.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the structure of the stirring unit and the amplifier and control unit connected thereto. Figure 2103, a vertical cross section along the radial direction of the reaction section 103 is mainly shown for the stirring section 104. In the following description, the stirring section 104 is taken as an example, but the stirring section 105 is also similar.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the stirring section 104 includes a piezoelectric element 20 (first piezoelectric element 21) that generates ultrasonic waves; a fixture 203 for attaching the piezoelectric element 20 to the constant temperature bath 117 (water bath); a reflector 209 that reflects ultrasonic waves transmitted through the reaction vessel 30 and the like toward the reaction vessel 30 (first reaction vessel 31); and a connector 201 that electrically connects the piezoelectric element 20 to the amplifier 2. The piezoelectric element 20 also includes a split electrode 204 (positive voltage-side electrode) disposed on one surface (the air-side surface) in contact with the air, and a constant temperature water-side electrode 205 (negative voltage-side electrode) disposed on the other surface (the constant temperature water-side surface) in contact with the constant temperature water 208. Furthermore, a portion of the constant temperature water-side electrode 205 is folded back toward the air-side surface along the lower end surface of the piezoelectric element 20.

[0038] The split electrode 204 is divided into a plurality of electrodes at different height positions. Figure 2 Although only a part is shown in the figure, the number of divided electrodes is not limited to 13. Each divided electrode is connected to each pin of the connector 201 on a one-to-one basis.

[0039] The amplifier 2 is provided with an interface unit 202 connected to the control unit 4, and the control unit 4 controls the amplifier 2 via this interface unit 202. Furthermore, the amplifier 2 is connected to the stirring unit 104 via a connector 201. Furthermore, a relay group 10 (first relay switch 11) is disposed between the amplifier 2 and the connector 201. The relay group 10 includes a plurality of switches, and the opening and closing of each switch is controlled by commands from the control unit 4. Specifically, the relay group 10 functions as a switching device that switches the connection between the amplifier 2 and each of the segmented electrodes 204 and the constant temperature water-side electrode 205.

[0040] The control unit 4 detects the liquid level (liquid height) of the liquid in the reaction vessel 30. Furthermore, the control unit 4 controls the relay group 10 to select one or more appropriately positioned split electrodes 204 according to the liquid level and apply voltage to the selected split electrodes 204. In this way, the position at which the ultrasonic wave is irradiated onto the reaction vessel 30 is adjusted.

[0041] In this manner, the control unit 4 of this embodiment applies a voltage to each of the divided electrodes 204 via the amplifier 2. When the voltage is applied to each of the divided electrodes 204, the piezoelectric element 20 is driven to generate ultrasonic waves.

[0042] Figure 3FIG1 is a top view showing the positional relationship between the reaction container and the piezoelectric element in the thermostatic bath of the automatic analyzer of Example 1. Figure 3 As shown, multiple reaction vessels, including a first reaction vessel 31 and a second reaction vessel 32, are arranged circumferentially within a thermostatic chamber 117, and a turntable 108 with a reaction disk is provided on the inner diameter side thereof. As the turntable 108 rotates, the reaction vessels to be stirred are sequentially moved in the circumferential direction.

[0043] A first vibration plate 211 is provided on the inner diameter side of the first piezoelectric element 21. The first vibration plate 211 is bonded to the GND electrode (negative voltage electrode) of the first piezoelectric element 21, contacts the constant temperature water in the constant temperature bath 117, and faces the first reaction vessel 31. The GND electrode is connected to the amplifier 2 via the GND electrode-side terminal 213 and the GND-side switch 112 (described later). Furthermore, the split electrode (positive voltage electrode) of the first piezoelectric element 21 is connected to the amplifier 2 via the split electrode-side terminal 212 and the split-side switch 111 (described later).

[0044] The second piezoelectric element 22 is located adjacent to the first piezoelectric element 21 in the circumferential direction. A second vibration plate 221 is provided on the side surface on the inner diameter side of the second piezoelectric element 22. The second vibration plate 221 is bonded to the GND electrode (negative voltage side electrode) of the second piezoelectric element 22, contacts the constant temperature water in the constant temperature bath 117, and faces the second reaction vessel 32. The GND electrode is connected to the amplifier 2 via the GND electrode side terminal 223 and the GND side switch 122 described later. In addition, the split electrode (positive voltage electrode) of the second piezoelectric element 22 is connected to the amplifier 2 via the split electrode side terminal 222 and the split side switch 121 described later.

[0045] Next, the circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element will be described. Before describing the circuit configuration of the automatic analyzer of Example 1, the circuit configuration of the automatic analyzer of the comparative example will be described.

[0046] Figure 4A and Figure 4B FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a piezoelectric element for driving an automatic analyzer of a comparative example. Figure 4A represents the case where only the first piezoelectric element is driven, Figure 4B This shows the case where only the second piezoelectric element is driven.

[0047] A first relay switch 18 is provided between the first piezoelectric element 21 and the first amplifier 2a, and a second relay switch 19 is provided between the second piezoelectric element 22 and the second amplifier 2b. The first relay switch 18 includes only a split-side switch 151 that opens and closes the connection between the split electrodes of the first piezoelectric element 21 and the first amplifier 2a. The second relay switch 19 includes only a split-side switch 161 that opens and closes the connection between the split electrodes of the second piezoelectric element 22 and the second amplifier 2b.

[0048] First, if Figure 4A As shown, when only the first piezoelectric element 21 is driven, the control unit turns on the split-side switch 151 of the first relay switch 18 and turns off the split-side switch 161 of the second relay switch 19. This causes the first amplifier 2a to apply a voltage to the split electrodes of the first piezoelectric element 21, driving the first piezoelectric element 21. However, the GND electrode of the first piezoelectric element 21 and the first diaphragm 211 bonded to the GND electrode and in contact with the constant-temperature water are not insulated from the high driving voltage, so the first diaphragm 211 has a potential. Consequently, leakage current through the constant-temperature water flows from the first diaphragm 211 of the first piezoelectric element 21 to the second diaphragm 221 of the second piezoelectric element 22. This leakage current flows through the second relay switch 19 to the frame GND terminal 41 of the second amplifier 2b. Since the frame GND terminal 41 is also connected to the first amplifier 2a, a feedback loop for the leakage current is formed. Specifically, a portion of the output current of the first amplifier 2a leaks back, preventing the entire output current from the first amplifier 2a from being supplied to the first piezoelectric element 21, reducing the intensity of the ultrasonic wave.

[0049] Next, if Figure 4B As shown, when only the second piezoelectric element 22 is driven, the control unit turns on the split-side switch 161 of the second relay switch 19 and turns off the split-side switch 151 of the first relay switch 18. This causes the second amplifier 2b to apply a voltage to the split electrodes of the second piezoelectric element 22, driving the second piezoelectric element 22. However, the GND electrode of the second piezoelectric element 22 and the second diaphragm 221 bonded to the GND electrode and in contact with the constant-temperature water are not insulated from the high driving voltage, so the second diaphragm 221 has a potential. Consequently, leakage current through the constant-temperature water flows from the second diaphragm 221 of the second piezoelectric element 22 to the first diaphragm 211 of the first piezoelectric element 21. This leakage current flows through the first relay switch 18 to the frame GND terminal 41 of the first amplifier 2a. Since the frame GND terminal 41 is also connected to the second amplifier 2b, a feedback loop for the leakage current is formed. Specifically, a portion of the output current of the second amplifier 2b leaks back, preventing the entire output current from the second amplifier 2b from being supplied to the second piezoelectric element 22, reducing the intensity of the ultrasonic wave.

[0050] Furthermore, in the comparative example, separate amplifiers 2a and 2b are provided for driving the first piezoelectric element 21 and the second piezoelectric element 22. Therefore, variations in the components of the two amplifiers can lead to differences in ultrasonic characteristics, potentially affecting analysis accuracy.

[0051] Next, the circuit configuration of the automatic analyzer of Example 1 will be described. Figure 5A and Figure 5B 1 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a piezoelectric element for driving the automatic analyzer of Example 1. Figure 5A represents the case where only the first piezoelectric element is driven, Figure 5B This shows the case where only the second piezoelectric element is driven.

[0052] In Example 1, the first piezoelectric element 21 and the second piezoelectric element 22 are driven by a common amplifier 2 . Therefore, unlike the comparative example, the influence of component variations of the amplifier can be eliminated.

[0053] A first relay switch 11 is provided between the first piezoelectric element 21 and the amplifier 2, and a second relay switch 12 is provided between the second piezoelectric element 22 and the amplifier 2. The first relay switch 11 includes a split-side switch 111 (positive voltage switch) that connects and disconnects the split electrodes (positive voltage electrodes) of the first piezoelectric element 21 and the positive output electrode of the amplifier 2, and a GND-side switch 112 (negative voltage switch) that connects and disconnects the GND electrode (negative voltage electrode) of the first piezoelectric element and the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2. The second relay switch 12 includes a split-side switch 121 (positive voltage switch) that connects and disconnects the split electrodes (positive voltage electrodes) of the second piezoelectric element 22 and the positive output electrode of the amplifier 2, and a GND-side switch 122 (negative voltage switch) that connects and disconnects the GND electrode (negative voltage electrode) of the second piezoelectric element and the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2.

[0054] First, if Figure 5AAs shown, when only the first piezoelectric element 21 is driven, the control unit 4 turns on the split-side switch 111 and the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11, and turns off the split-side switch 121 and the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12. A voltage is then applied to the split electrodes of the first piezoelectric element 21 by the amplifier 2, driving the first piezoelectric element 21. This causes ultrasonic vibrations to be transmitted into the first reaction vessel 31, stirring the sample and reagent. At this point, the GND electrode of the first piezoelectric element 21 and the first diaphragm 211, bonded to the GND electrode and in contact with the constant-temperature water, are not insulated from the high driving voltage, resulting in a potential on the first diaphragm 211. However, since the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12 is off, there is no electrical continuity between the GND electrode of the second diaphragm 221 bonded to the second piezoelectric element 22 and the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2, preventing the formation of a feedback loop that could allow leakage current to flow. As a result, the entire output current of the amplifier 2 can be supplied to the first piezoelectric element 21, minimizing the reduction in ultrasonic intensity.

[0055] Next, if Figure 5B As shown, when only the second piezoelectric element 22 is driven, the control unit 4 turns on the split-side switch 121 and the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12, and turns off the split-side switch 111 and the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11. Amplifier 2 then applies a voltage to the split electrodes of the second piezoelectric element 22, driving the second piezoelectric element 22. This causes ultrasonic vibrations to be transmitted into the second reaction vessel 32, stirring the sample and reagent. At this point, the GND electrode of the second piezoelectric element 22 and the second diaphragm 221, bonded to the GND electrode and in contact with the constant-temperature water, are not insulated from the high driving voltage, resulting in a potential on the second diaphragm 221. However, since the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11 is off, there is no electrical continuity between the GND electrode of the first diaphragm 211 bonded to the first piezoelectric element 21 and the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2, preventing the formation of a feedback loop that could allow leakage current to flow. As a result, the entire output current of the amplifier 2 can be supplied to the second piezoelectric element 22, minimizing the reduction in ultrasonic intensity.

[0056] Next, the operation of the amplifier 2 when driving the first piezoelectric element 21 and the second piezoelectric element will be described. Figure 6 This is a timing chart showing the operation when a plurality of piezoelectric elements are driven in the automatic analyzer of Example 1.

[0057] The control unit 4 turns the output of the amplifier 2 on and off by using the power control signal PWCNT (51). When PWCNT (51) = H, the voltage for driving the piezoelectric element is output, and when PWCNT (51) = L, the driving voltage is not output. In addition, the control unit 4 outputs a signal #1_split (52) for turning on and off the split-side switch 111 of the first relay switch 11, a signal #1_GND (53) for turning on and off the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11, a signal #2_split (54) for turning on and off the split-side switch 121 of the second relay switch 12, and a signal #2_GND (55) for turning on and off the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12. Furthermore, the control unit 4 outputs gain control POW_G2 (56), gain control POW_G1 (57), and gain control POW_G0 (58) as 3-bit gain control signals. POW_G2(56)=H, POW_G1(57)=H, gain control POW_G0(58)=H, i.e., in decimal, 7 is the minimum gain, POW_G2(56)=L, POW_G1(57)=L, gain control POW_G0(58)=L, i.e., in decimal, 0 is the maximum gain. When driving the first piezoelectric element 21 for stirring #1, POW_G2(56)=L, POW_G1(57)=H, gain control POW_G0(58)=H, i.e., gain setting value=3 (decimal). When driving the second piezoelectric element 22 for stirring #2, POW_G2(56)=H, POW_G1(57)=L, gain control POW_G0(58)=L, i.e., gain setting value=4 (decimal).

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, first, in order to drive only the first piezoelectric element 21, the control unit 4 sets #1_Split (52) and #1_GND (53) to H, #2_Split (54) and #2_GND (55) to L, and sets the gain control signals to POW_G2 (56) = L, POW_G1 (57) = H, and POW_G0 (58) = H. In this state, after a set time Tsu (e.g., 2 msec) has passed, the control unit 4 sets PWCNT (51) = H, outputs a drive voltage from the amplifier 2, and drives the first piezoelectric element 21.

[0059] Here, in order to stir the sample and reagent in the reaction container using ultrasonic vibration, it is necessary to output a burst signal to the piezoelectric element to generate a swirling flow in the liquid in the reaction container. Therefore, the control unit 4 repeatedly turns the drive voltage on and off at a predetermined duty cycle until a predetermined stirring time Tstr (e.g., 2 seconds) has elapsed.

[0060] When a predetermined time Ton has passed since PWCNT (51) = H (after the output of the amplifier 2 has been turned on), the control unit 4 sets PWCNT (51) = L (sets the output of the amplifier 2 to OFF). Furthermore, when a holding time Thd (e.g., 2 msec) for maintaining the contact closed state (ON) of the first relay switch 11 has passed, the control unit 4 sets #1_Split (52) and #1_GND (53) to L, thereby terminating the driving of the first piezoelectric element 21.

[0061] After that, when the switch idle time Tid (e.g., 4 msec) during which both the first relay switch 11 and the second relay switch 12 are in the contact interruption state (open) has passed, the control unit 4 sets #2_division (54) and #2_GND (55) to H in order to drive only the second piezoelectric element 22. Furthermore, when the setup time Tsu has passed, PWCNT (51) is set to H, and the drive voltage is output from the amplifier 2 to drive the second piezoelectric element 22.

[0062] When a predetermined time Ton has passed since PWCNT (51) = H (after the output of the amplifier 2 has been turned on), the control unit 4 sets PWCNT (51) = L (turns the output of the amplifier 2 off). Furthermore, when the hold time Thd has passed, the control unit 4 sets #2_division (54) and #2_GND (55) to L, thereby terminating the drive of the second piezoelectric element 22.

[0063] Thereafter, the first piezoelectric element 21 is driven again until the stirring time Tstr is reached, and the same operation is repeated.

[0064] exist Figure 6 Here, Tbst is one cycle of the burst signal, Ton is the on-time, Toff is the off-time, and the duty cycle is Ton / Tbst. By setting the duty cycle of both the first piezoelectric element 21 and the second piezoelectric element 22 to less than 50%, one piezoelectric element can be turned on while the other is off, improving processing capacity. While this depends on the size and liquid volume of the reaction vessel, considering stirring efficiency, a duty cycle of approximately 30% is preferred. For example, Tbst is set to 50 msec, Ton is set to 15 msec, and Toff is set to 35 msec. Furthermore, Tbst, Ton, and Toff are set to the same time for the first piezoelectric element 21 and the second piezoelectric element 22.

[0065] In this way, since both the first piezoelectric element 21 and the second piezoelectric element 22 are driven in a time-division manner, stirring of the first reaction vessel 31 by the first piezoelectric element 21 and stirring of the second reaction vessel 32 by the second piezoelectric element 22 can be performed in parallel within a predetermined stirring time Tstr. Furthermore, while this embodiment describes an example in which two piezoelectric elements are driven in a time-division manner with a multiplicity of 2, three or more piezoelectric elements (n) may also be driven in a time-division manner with a multiplicity of m (n ≥ m). In this case, by time-division driving of at least m of the n piezoelectric elements with a duty cycle of less than 100 / m%, stirring of m reaction vessels can be performed within a predetermined stirring time.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Next, the automated analyzer of Example 2 will be described. While Example 1 drives two piezoelectric elements, namely, the first piezoelectric element 21 and the second piezoelectric element 22, Example 2 drives four piezoelectric elements, namely, the first piezoelectric element 21, the second piezoelectric element 22, the third piezoelectric element 23, and the fourth piezoelectric element. The structure for driving the first and second piezoelectric elements 21, 22 of the four piezoelectric elements in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1, and therefore, its description will be omitted as appropriate.

[0068] Figure 7 1 is a top view showing the positional relationship between the reaction container and the piezoelectric element in the thermostatic bath of the automatic analyzer of Example 2. Figure 7 As shown, multiple reaction vessels, including a first reaction vessel 31, a second reaction vessel 32, a third reaction vessel 33, and a fourth reaction vessel 34, are arranged circumferentially within a thermostatic bath 117. A turntable 108 with a reaction disk is provided on the inner diameter side of the turntable 108. As the turntable 108 rotates, the reaction vessels to be stirred are sequentially moved in the circumferential direction.

[0069] The third piezoelectric element 23 is located adjacent to the second piezoelectric element 22 in the circumferential direction. A third vibration plate 231 is provided on the inner diameter side of the third piezoelectric element 23. The third vibration plate 231 is bonded to the GND electrode (negative voltage side electrode) of the third piezoelectric element 23, contacts the constant temperature water in the constant temperature bath 117, and faces the third reaction vessel 33. The GND electrode is connected to the amplifier 2 via the GND electrode side terminal 233 and the GND side switch 132 described later. In addition, the split electrode (positive voltage electrode) of the third piezoelectric element 23 is connected to the amplifier 2 via the split electrode side terminal 232 and the split side switch 131 described later.

[0070] The fourth piezoelectric element 24 is located adjacent to the third piezoelectric element 23 in the circumferential direction. A fourth vibration plate 241 is provided on the inner diameter side of the fourth piezoelectric element 24. The fourth vibration plate 241 is bonded to the GND electrode (negative voltage side electrode) of the fourth piezoelectric element 24, contacts the constant temperature water in the constant temperature bath 117, and faces the fourth reaction vessel 34. The GND electrode is connected to the amplifier 2 via the GND electrode side terminal 243 and the GND side switch 142 described later. In addition, the split electrode (positive voltage electrode) of the fourth piezoelectric element 24 is connected to the amplifier 2 via the split electrode side terminal 242 and the split side switch 141 described later.

[0071] Next, the circuit configuration of the automatic analyzer of Example 2 will be described. Figures 8A to 8D 1 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a piezoelectric element for driving the automatic analyzer of Example 2. Figure 8A represents the case where only the first piezoelectric element is driven, Figure 8B represents the case where only the third piezoelectric element is driven, Figure 8C Indicates the case where only the second piezoelectric element is driven, Figure 8D This shows the case where only the fourth piezoelectric element is driven.

[0072] A third relay switch 13 is provided between the third piezoelectric element 23 and the amplifier 2, and a fourth relay switch 14 is provided between the fourth piezoelectric element 24 and the amplifier 2. The third relay switch 13 includes a split-side switch 131 (positive voltage switch) that connects and disconnects the split electrodes (positive voltage electrodes) of the third piezoelectric element 23 and the positive output electrode of the amplifier 2, and a GND-side switch 132 (negative voltage switch) that connects and disconnects the GND electrode (negative voltage electrode) of the third piezoelectric element and the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2. The fourth relay switch 14 includes a split-side switch 141 (positive voltage switch) that connects and disconnects the split electrodes (positive voltage electrodes) of the fourth piezoelectric element 24 and the positive output electrode of the amplifier 2, and a GND-side switch 142 (negative voltage switch) that connects and disconnects the GND electrode (negative voltage electrode) of the fourth piezoelectric element and the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2.

[0073] First, if Figure 8AAs shown, when only the first piezoelectric element 21 is driven, the control unit 4 turns on the split-side switch 111 and the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11, and turns off the split-side switch 121 and the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12, the split-side switch 131 and the GND-side switch 132 of the third relay switch 13, and the split-side switch 141 and the GND-side switch 142 of the fourth relay switch 14. A voltage is then applied to the split electrodes of the first piezoelectric element 21 via the amplifier 2, driving the first piezoelectric element 21. This causes ultrasonic vibrations to be transmitted into the first reaction vessel 31, stirring the sample and reagent. At this time, the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12, the GND-side switch 132 of the third relay switch 13, and the GND-side switch 142 of the fourth relay switch 14 are turned off. Consequently, the GND electrodes of the second, third, and fourth piezoelectric elements 22, 23, and 24 are disconnected from the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2, preventing the formation of a feedback loop through which leakage current can flow. As a result, all the output current of the amplifier 2 can be supplied to the first piezoelectric element 21 , and a decrease in the intensity of the ultrasonic wave can be suppressed.

[0074] Then, if Figure 8B As shown, when only the third piezoelectric element 23 is driven, the control unit 4 turns on the split-side switch 131 and the GND-side switch 132 of the third relay switch 13, and turns off the split-side switch 111 and the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11, the split-side switch 121 and the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12, and the split-side switch 141 and the GND-side switch 142 of the fourth relay switch 14. A voltage is then applied to the split electrodes of the third piezoelectric element 23 via the amplifier 2, driving the third piezoelectric element 23. This causes ultrasonic vibrations to be transmitted into the third reaction vessel 33, stirring the sample and reagent. At this time, the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11, the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12, and the GND-side switch 142 of the fourth relay switch 14 are turned off. Consequently, the GND electrodes of the first, second, and fourth piezoelectric elements 21, 22, and 24 are disconnected from the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2, preventing the formation of a feedback loop through which leakage current can flow. As a result, all the output current of the amplifier 2 can be supplied to the third piezoelectric element 23 , and a decrease in the intensity of the ultrasonic wave can be suppressed.

[0075] In addition, if Figure 8CAs shown, when only the second piezoelectric element 22 is driven, the control unit 4 turns on the split-side switch 121 and the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12, and turns off the split-side switch 111 and the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11, the split-side switch 131 and the GND-side switch 132 of the third relay switch 13, and the split-side switch 141 and the GND-side switch 142 of the fourth relay switch 14. A voltage is then applied to the split electrodes of the second piezoelectric element 22 via the amplifier 2, driving the second piezoelectric element 22. This causes ultrasonic vibrations to be transmitted into the second reaction vessel 32, stirring the sample and reagent. At this time, the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11, the GND-side switch 132 of the third relay switch 13, and the GND-side switch 142 of the fourth relay switch 14 are turned off. Consequently, the GND electrodes of the first, third, and fourth piezoelectric elements 21, 23, and 24 are disconnected from the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2, preventing the formation of a feedback loop through which leakage current can flow. As a result, all the output current of the amplifier 2 can be supplied to the second piezoelectric element 22 , and a decrease in the intensity of the ultrasonic wave can be suppressed.

[0076] And, as Figure 8D As shown, when only the fourth piezoelectric element 24 is driven, the control unit 4 turns on the split-side switch 141 and the GND-side switch 142 of the fourth relay switch 14, and turns off the split-side switch 111 and the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11, the split-side switch 121 and the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12, and the split-side switch 131 and the GND-side switch 132 of the third relay switch 13. A voltage is then applied to the split electrodes of the fourth piezoelectric element 24 via the amplifier 2, driving the fourth piezoelectric element 24. This causes ultrasonic vibrations to be transmitted into the fourth reaction vessel 34, stirring the sample and reagent. At this time, the GND-side switch 112 of the first relay switch 11, the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12, and the GND-side switch 132 of the third relay switch 13 are turned off. Consequently, the GND electrodes of the first, second, and third piezoelectric elements 21, 22, and 23 are disconnected from the negative output electrode of the amplifier 2, preventing the formation of a feedback loop through which leakage current can flow. As a result, all the output current of the amplifier 2 can be supplied to the fourth piezoelectric element 24 , and a decrease in the intensity of the ultrasonic wave can be suppressed.

[0077] Next, the operation of the amplifier 2 when driving the first to fourth piezoelectric elements 21 to 24 will be described.

[0078] Figure 9This is a timing diagram showing the overall stirring operation of each piezoelectric element. In this embodiment, the third piezoelectric element 23, located one piezoelectric element away from the first piezoelectric element 21, of the four parallel piezoelectric elements is driven until the stirring time Tstr has elapsed. After a predetermined rest time Tid2, the fourth piezoelectric element 24, located one piezoelectric element away from the second piezoelectric element 22, is driven. When the first to fourth piezoelectric elements 21 to 24 complete stirring of the first to fourth reaction vessels 31 to 34, the turntable rotates during a predetermined rest time Tid3, and the next four reaction vessels to be stirred are moved to positions relative to the piezoelectric elements.

[0079] Figure 10 This is a timing chart showing the operation when the first piezoelectric element and the third piezoelectric element are driven within a certain stirring time in the automatic analyzer of Example 2.

[0080] In addition to outputting the same signals as those in Example 1, the control unit 4 of Example 2 also outputs a signal #3_split (61) for turning on / off the split side switch 131 of the third relay switch 13, a signal #3_GND (62) for turning on / off the GND side switch 132 of the third relay switch 13, a signal #4_split (63) for turning on / off the split side switch 141 of the fourth relay switch 14, and a signal #4_GND (64) for turning on / off the GND side switch 142 of the fourth relay switch 14.

[0081] like Figure 10 As shown, first, in order to drive only the first piezoelectric element 21, the control unit 4 sets #1_split (52) and #1_GND (53) to H, #2_split (54), #2_GND (55), #3_split (61), #3_GND (62), #4_split (63), and #4_GND (64) to L, and sets the gain control signals to POW_G2 (56) = L, POW_G1 (57) = H, and POW_G0 (58) = H. In this state, after the set time Tsu has passed, the control unit 4 sets PWCNT (51) = H, outputs the drive voltage from the amplifier 2, and drives the first piezoelectric element 21.

[0082] When a predetermined time Ton has passed since PWCNT(51)=H, the control unit 4 sets PWCNT(51)=L. Furthermore, when the holding time Thd has passed, the control unit 4 sets #1_division(52) and #1_GND(53) to L, and ends driving the first piezoelectric element 21.

[0083] After that, when the switch idle time Tid has passed, the control unit 4 sets #3_division (61) and #3_GND (62) to H in order to drive only the third piezoelectric element 23. Furthermore, when the setup time Tsu has passed, PWCNT (51) is set to H, and the drive voltage is output from the amplifier 2 to drive the third piezoelectric element 23.

[0084] When a predetermined time Ton has passed since PWCNT(51)=H, the control unit 4 sets PWCNT(51)=L. Furthermore, when the holding time Thd has passed, the control unit 4 sets #3_division(61) and #3_GND(62) to L, and ends driving the third piezoelectric element 23.

[0085] Afterwards, the first piezoelectric element 21 is driven again until the stirring time Tstr is reached, and the same operation is repeated. In this way, the first piezoelectric element 21 and the third piezoelectric element 23 are both driven in a time-division manner. Therefore, stirring of the first reaction vessel 31 by the first piezoelectric element 21 and stirring of the third reaction vessel 33 by the third piezoelectric element 23 can be performed in parallel within the predetermined stirring time Tstr.

[0086] Figure 11 This is a timing chart showing the operation when the second piezoelectric element and the fourth piezoelectric element are driven within a certain stirring time in the automatic analyzer of Example 2.

[0087] like Figure 11 As shown, first, in order to drive only the second piezoelectric element 22, the control unit 4 sets #2_division (54) and #2_GND (55) to H, and sets #1_division (52), #1_GND (53), #3_division (61), #3_GND (62), #4_division (63), and #4_GND (64) to L, and sets the gain control signals to POW_G2 (56) = L, POW_G1 (57) = H, and POW_G0 (58) = H. In this state, after the set time Tsu has passed, the control unit 4 sets PWCNT (51) = H, outputs the drive voltage from the amplifier 2, and drives the second piezoelectric element 22.

[0088] When a predetermined time Ton has passed since PWCNT(51)=H, the control unit 4 sets PWCNT(51)=L. Furthermore, when the holding time Thd has passed, the control unit 4 sets #2_division(54) and #2_GND(55) to L, and ends driving the second piezoelectric element 22.

[0089] After that, when the switch idle time Tid has passed, the control unit 4 sets #4_division (63) and #4_GND (64) to H in order to drive only the fourth piezoelectric element 24. Furthermore, when the setup time Tsu has passed, PWCNT (51) is set to H, and the drive voltage is output from the amplifier 2 to drive the fourth piezoelectric element 24.

[0090] When a predetermined time Ton has passed since PWCNT(51)=H, the control unit 4 sets PWCNT(51)=L. Furthermore, when the holding time Thd has passed, the control unit 4 sets #4_division(63) and #4_GND(64) to L, and ends driving the fourth piezoelectric element 24.

[0091] The second piezoelectric element 22 is then driven again until the stirring time Tstr is reached, and the same operation is repeated. In this way, the second piezoelectric element 22 and the fourth piezoelectric element 24 are both driven in a time-division manner, so that stirring within the second reaction vessel 32 by the second piezoelectric element 22 and stirring within the fourth reaction vessel 34 by the fourth piezoelectric element 24 can be performed in parallel within the predetermined stirring time Tstr.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] Next, the automatic analyzer of Example 3 will be described. Figure 12 This diagram shows the circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element of the automatic analyzer of Example 3 (when only the first piezoelectric element is driven). Example 3 uses a differential output amplifier 2d as an amplifier to drive the piezoelectric element with a differential output signal.

[0094] The differential output has twice the amplitude of the single-ended output, making the differential output amplifier 2d suitable for driving piezoelectric elements. The differential output amplifier 2d includes an analog GND terminal 42. However, as in Example 1, if the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12 is turned off when driving the first piezoelectric element 21, no current feedback to the analog GND terminal 42 occurs. Furthermore, no current feedback to the frame GND terminal 41 occurs. As a result, a decrease in the intensity of the ultrasonic wave can be suppressed.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] Next, the automatic analyzer of Example 4 will be described. Figure 13 This diagram shows a circuit configuration for driving the piezoelectric element of the automatic analyzer of Example 4 (when only the first piezoelectric element is driven). In Example 4, a single-ended output amplifier 2s is used as an amplifier, and the piezoelectric element is driven by a single-ended output signal.

[0097] The single-ended output amplifier 2s also includes an analog GND terminal 42. However, as in Example 1, if the GND-side switch 122 of the second relay switch 12 is turned off when the first piezoelectric element 21 is driven, no current feedback occurs to the analog GND terminal 42. Furthermore, no current feedback occurs to the frame GND terminal 41. As a result, a decrease in the intensity of the ultrasonic wave can be suppressed.

[0098] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and includes various variations. For example, the above-described embodiments are examples described in detail to facilitate understanding of the present invention and are not necessarily limited to having all the structures described. It is possible to replace a portion of the structure of one embodiment with a structure of another embodiment, or to add a structure of another embodiment to a structure of one embodiment. Regarding a portion of the structure of each embodiment, other structures can be added, deleted, or substituted.

[0099] Description of Reference Numerals

[0100] 2...Amplifier, 2a...First amplifier, 2b...Second amplifier, 2d...Differential output amplifier, 2s...Single-ended output amplifier, 4...Control unit, 10...Relay group, 11...First relay switch, 12...Second relay switch, 13...Third relay switch, 14...Fourth relay switch, 20...Piezoelectric element, 21...First piezoelectric element, 22...Second piezoelectric element, 23...Third piezoelectric element, 24...Fourth piezoelectric element, 30...Reaction container, 31...First reaction container, 32...Second reaction container, 33...Third reaction container, 34...Fourth reaction container, 41...Frame GND terminal, 42...Analog GND terminal, 101...Sample storage unit, 102...Reagent storage unit, 103...Reaction unit, 104, 105...Stirring unit, 106... Cleaning section, 107…sample, 108…turntable, 110…analyzing section, 111, 121, 212, 141…split-side switch, 112, 122, 132, 142…GND-side switch, 113…sample dispensing mechanism, 115…reagent dispensing mechanism, 116…reagent, 117…constant temperature bath, 202…interface section, 203…clamp, 204…split electrode (positive voltage side electrode), 205…constant temperature water side electrode (negative voltage side electrode, GND electrode), 208…constant temperature water, 209…reflecting plate, 211 first vibrating plate, 221…second vibrating plate, 231…third vibrating plate, 241…fourth vibrating plate, 212, 222, 232, 242…split electrode side terminal, 213, 223, 233, 243…GND electrode side terminal.

Claims

1. An automatic analysis device comprising: a piezoelectric element that generates ultrasonic waves for stirring the sample and reagent; an amplifier that drives the piezoelectric element; a relay switch provided between the piezoelectric element and the amplifier; and a control unit that controls the amplifier and the relay switch, It is characterized in that The piezoelectric element includes a first piezoelectric element and a second piezoelectric element. The relay switch includes a first relay switch provided between the first piezoelectric element and the amplifier and a second relay switch provided between the second piezoelectric element and the amplifier. The first relay switch includes a positive voltage side switch for connecting and disconnecting the positive voltage side electrode of the first piezoelectric element and the amplifier, and a GND side switch for connecting and disconnecting the GND electrode of the first piezoelectric element and the amplifier. The second relay switch includes a positive voltage side switch for connecting and disconnecting the positive voltage side electrode of the second piezoelectric element and the amplifier, and a GND side switch for connecting and disconnecting the GND electrode of the second piezoelectric element and the amplifier. When the first piezoelectric element is driven, the control unit turns on the positive voltage side switch and the GND side switch in the first relay switch, and turns off the positive voltage side switch and the GND side switch in the second relay switch. When the second piezoelectric element is driven, the control unit turns on the positive voltage side switch and the GND side switch in the second relay switch, and turns off the positive voltage side switch and the GND side switch in the first relay switch.

2. The automatic analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that The first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element are driven by the common amplifier.

3. The automatic analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that The first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element are driven for a predetermined time at a duty ratio of less than 50% in a time-division manner.

4. The automatic analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that The piezoelectric element has n piezoelectric elements including the first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element. After two of the n piezoelectric elements are driven for a specified time at a duty cycle of less than 50% and in a time-division manner, the other two of the n piezoelectric elements are driven for a specified time at a duty cycle of less than 50% and in a time-division manner.

5. The automatic analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that The piezoelectric element includes n piezoelectric elements including the first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element, and at least m of the n piezoelectric elements are driven for a predetermined time in a time-division manner at a duty ratio smaller than 100 / m%.

6. The automatic analyzer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The amplifier drives the piezoelectric element through a differential output signal.

7. The automatic analyzer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The amplifier drives the piezoelectric element through a single-ended output signal.

8. A method for controlling an automatic analyzer comprising: a first piezoelectric element and a second piezoelectric element for generating ultrasonic waves for stirring a sample and a reagent; an amplifier for driving the first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element; and a control unit for controlling the amplifier, wherein: When the amplifier drives the first piezoelectric element, the control unit causes the positive voltage side electrode and the GND electrode of the first piezoelectric element to be electrically connected to the amplifier, and causes the positive voltage side electrode and the GND electrode of the second piezoelectric element to be electrically disconnected from the amplifier. When the amplifier drives the second piezoelectric element, the control unit connects the positive voltage side electrode and the GND electrode of the second piezoelectric element to the amplifier and disconnects the positive voltage side electrode and the GND electrode of the first piezoelectric element from the amplifier.

9. The control method of the automatic analyzing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The amplifier drives the first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element at a duty ratio of less than 50% for a predetermined time in a time-division manner.

10. The control method of the automatic analyzing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The automatic analyzer includes n piezoelectric elements including the first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element. After driving two of the n piezoelectric elements at a duty ratio of less than 50% and in a time-division manner for a predetermined time, the amplifier drives the other two of the n piezoelectric elements at a duty ratio of less than 50% and in a time-division manner for a predetermined time.

11. The control method of the automatic analyzing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The automatic analyzer includes n piezoelectric elements including the first piezoelectric element and the second piezoelectric element. The amplifier drives at least m of the n piezoelectric elements at a duty ratio smaller than 100 / m% and in a time-division manner for a predetermined time.

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