Quantitative filling equipment and process for composite resin

Abstract

The invention relates to quantitative filling equipment and a quantitative filling process for composite resin. The device comprises a filling mechanism, the filling mechanism comprises a filling pipe, a transfer pipe and a guide shaft, the upper end of the filling pipe and the transfer pipe are detachably connected, a filling cavity is formed between the upper end of the filling pipe and the transfer pipe, and the guide shaft is movably connected to the filling cavity and connected with a piston sliding in the filling cavity; the heating sleeve wraps the outer surface of the filling pipe; the filling nozzle mechanism comprises a filling nozzle mounting seat detachably mounted at the lower end of the filling pipe, and a filling nozzle communicated with the filling cavity is mounted on the filling nozzle mounting seat; the driving end of the adjusting mechanism is connected with the guide shaft and controls the stroke of the piston so as to adjust the filling amount; and the defoaming mechanism comprises a defoaming upper cover, a defoaming base, a connector connected to the defoaming upper cover and a defoaming system, and the defoaming upper cover and the defoaming base can be detachably connected with the upper end and the lower end of the filling pipe correspondingly. According to the invention, bubbles of the composite resin during filling can be reduced, and accurate control is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of filling equipment, in particular to quantitative filling equipment and a filling process for composite resin. Background Art

[0002] Dental composite resin (hereafter referred to as composite resin) is an oligomer that undergoes rapid physical and chemical changes upon exposure to light, resulting in cross-linking and solidification. It is commonly used for fillings. Composite resin is formed by mixing a series of materials in a blender, but the following problems and technical limitations still exist during filling: 1. Low filling efficiency and accuracy: After stirring, the composite resin is in a hard dough-like state with almost no fluidity. Conventional methods make it difficult to directly fill the composite resin. Usually, the composite resin is heated to soften it and make it fluid so that it can be filled manually. However, manual filling is inefficient, and the heated composite resin contains bubbles, making it difficult to control the filling accuracy. 2. Single filling variety: Existing filling equipment is highly integrated and has a complex structure. If the filling tube is changed, it may not be adaptable. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To this end, the present invention provides a quantitative filling device and filling process for composite resin, which can reduce the generation of bubbles in the composite resin during filling and achieve precise control; and is easy to disassemble and assemble, meeting the requirements of various filling models.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a quantitative filling device for composite resin, comprising: The filling mechanism includes a filling tube, a transfer tube, and a guide shaft. The upper end of the filling tube and the transfer tube are detachably connected to form a filling chamber. The guide shaft is movably connected to the filling chamber and is connected to a piston that slides in the filling chamber. A heating jacket, comprising a jacket wrapped around the outer surface of the filling tube; a filling nozzle mechanism, comprising a filling nozzle mounting seat detachably mounted on the lower end of the filling tube, the filling nozzle mounting seat being mounted with a filling nozzle communicating with the filling cavity; an adjusting mechanism, a driving end of which is connected to the guide shaft and controls the piston stroke to adjust the filling volume; The degassing mechanism includes a degassing upper cover, a degassing base, a joint connected to the degassing upper cover, and a degassing system connected to the joint through an air pipe and used for vacuuming, wherein the degassing upper cover and the degassing base can be detachably connected to the upper and lower ends of the filling tube respectively.

[0005] In one embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment mechanism includes an electric cylinder or a servo linear module.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a mounting mechanism, which includes a mounting frame and a horizontal adjustment member connected to the bottom of the mounting frame, and the mounting frame is provided with a touch operating screen electrically connected to the adjustment mechanism; the upper end of the transfer tube is equipped with a connecting sleeve for accommodating the guide shaft and installed on the mounting frame.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, a filling nozzle connecting seat connected to the filling nozzle mounting seat is further provided, the filling nozzle connecting seat is provided with a stepped hole, the filling nozzle is placed in the stepped hole and the filling nozzle connecting seat extends from the lower end, and the filling nozzle mounting seat is provided with through holes respectively connected to the filling cavity and the filling nozzle.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, a guide sleeve is installed at the upper end of the transfer tube, a wear-resistant sleeve is embedded in part of the inner hole of the guide sleeve, the guide shaft is in sliding contact with the guide sleeve and the wear-resistant sleeve respectively, and a first seal is provided between the piston and the filling chamber.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper end and the lower end of the filling tube are respectively connected to an upper transfer seat and a lower transfer seat, and the upper transfer seat and the lower end of the transfer tube, the lower transfer seat and the filling nozzle mounting seat, the upper transfer seat and the degassing upper cover, and the lower transfer seat and the degassing base are detachably connected via connecting pieces.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper end and the lower end of the filling tube are respectively connected to an upper transfer seat and a lower transfer seat, and a second sealing member is respectively provided between the upper transfer seat and the lower end of the transfer tube, between the lower transfer seat and the filling nozzle mounting seat, between the upper transfer seat and the degassing upper cover, and between the lower transfer seat and the degassing base.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, a release film is provided between the degassing base and the bottom end of the filling tube.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the joint is a locknut straight-through type; and the degassing system includes a vacuum pump.

[0013] The present invention also provides a quantitative filling process for composite resin, which utilizes the quantitative filling equipment for composite resin, comprising the following steps: S1. Preheating of composite resin: Place the composite resin and filling tube in a drying oven to preheat and soften. The drying oven temperature is 45°C ± 5° and the preheating time is 10 hours to 20 hours. S2. Loading: Use alcohol to clean foreign matter, wear clean rubber gloves, place the second seal and release film in the degassing base in sequence, fasten the filling tube to the degassing base with bolts, and fill the filling tube with the composite resin to be degassed; S3. Degassing: Install a heating jacket and a degassing cover on the filling tube, connect the joint on the degassing cover to the vacuum pump through the air pipe, set the heating temperature to 55℃±5℃, the degassing pressure to 30KN±5KN, the vacuum degree to 0.01Mpa±0.001Mpa, and the pressure holding time to 20 minutes±2 minutes; after the degassing starts, if the system vacuum degree drops to and stabilizes at the target vacuum degree within the predetermined time, it is determined that the sealing is normal; otherwise, stop the machine to review the installation and reassemble; S4. Filling: Check the adhesion between the release film and the composite resin. If not, return to step S2 to degas again. While retaining the filling tube, assemble the filling nozzle mechanism, the adjustment mechanism, and the remaining filling mechanisms. Set the heating temperature of the heating jacket to 55°C ± 5°C, adjust the adjustment mechanism stroke according to the target filling volume, and execute filling. S5. Weighing adjustment: Carry out multiple trial fillings, weigh each one by tare, and adjust the stroke parameters of the adjustment mechanism according to the deviation between the weighing results and the target filling volume until the filling volume error is controlled within the preset tolerance range, thereby ensuring the quantitative accuracy of subsequent batch filling.

[0014] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: The quantitative filling equipment and filling process for composite resins described in this invention utilizes a heating jacket and a vacuum degassing mechanism. During the degassing process, precise control of the heating temperature, vacuum level, dwell time, and degassing pressure is achieved, ensuring thorough degassing of the composite resin prior to filling. This significantly reduces bubble generation during the filling process and improves finished product quality. The use of an electric cylinder for precise control of piston stroke ensures that filling volume errors are consistently controlled within a preset tolerance, making it suitable for consistent batch production.

[0015] The present invention forms a modular unit including the filling mechanism, heating sleeve, filling nozzle mechanism, adjustment mechanism, degassing mechanism and installation mechanism, which can be disassembled and assembled through an adapter and connectors, making replacement, maintenance and cleaning easy. At the same time, filling nozzles of different specifications can be quickly replaced to meet the needs of multiple models. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the quantitative filling equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2Schematic diagram of the degassing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the filling mechanism and filling nozzle mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 1 is a process flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Description of the accompanying drawings: 1. Quantitative filling equipment; 2. Degassing mechanism; 11. Adjustment mechanism; 12. Installation mechanism; 13. Filling mechanism; 111. Electric cylinder; 112. Touch operation screen; 121. Installation frame; 122. Horizontal adjustment member; 131. Guide shaft; 132. Connecting sleeve; 133. Wear-resistant sleeve; 134. Guide sleeve; 135. Piston; 136. First seal; 137. Transfer tube; 138. Filling tube; 139. Heating jacket; 140. Filling nozzle mechanism; 1311. Filling nozzle mounting seat; 1312. Filling nozzle connecting seat; 1313. Filling nozzle; 1314. Through hole; 21. Connector; 22. Degassing cover; 23. Release film; 24. Degassing base; 25. Degassing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] In the present invention, if directions (up, down, left, right, front and back) are described, it is only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and does not indicate or imply that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0024] In the present invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means more than two, "greater than," "less than," "exceeds," etc. are understood to exclude the number itself; "above," "below," "within," etc. are understood to include the number itself. In the description of the present invention, the use of "first" or "second" is solely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, implicitly specifying the number of the indicated technical features, or implicitly specifying the order of the indicated technical features.

[0025] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "disposed," "installed," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they may refer to direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; fixed connection or detachable connection or integral molding; mechanical connection or electrical connection or mutual communication; and internal connection between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0026] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a quantitative filling device 1 for composite resin includes: The filling mechanism 13 includes a filling tube 138, a transfer tube 137, and a guide shaft 131. The upper end of the filling tube 138 and the transfer tube 137 are detachably connected to form a filling chamber therebetween. The guide shaft 131 is movably connected to the filling chamber and is connected to a piston 135 that slides within the filling chamber. A heating jacket 139 , comprising a jacket wrapped around the outer surface of the filling tube 138 ; The filling nozzle mechanism 140 includes a filling nozzle mounting seat 1311 detachably mounted on the lower end of the filling tube 138 , wherein the filling nozzle mounting seat 1311 is mounted with a filling nozzle 1313 in communication with the filling cavity; The regulating mechanism 11, whose driving end is connected to the guide shaft 131 and controls the stroke of the piston 135 to adjust the filling volume; The degassing mechanism 2 includes a degassing upper cover 22, a degassing base 24, a joint 21 connected to the degassing upper cover 22, and a degassing system 25 connected to the joint 21 through an air pipe and used for vacuuming, wherein the degassing upper cover 22 and the degassing base 24 can be detachably connected to the upper and lower ends of the filling tube 138 respectively.

[0027] In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 11 includes an electric cylinder 111, although other drive mechanisms such as a servo linear module may also be used. Due to the precise control of the travel of the guide shaft 131 by the adjustment mechanism 11, such as the electric cylinder 111, the piston 135 is repeatedly pushed within the filling chamber, thereby improving the stability of filling volume errors and being suitable for batch consistency production.

[0028] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1As shown, the apparatus further includes a mounting mechanism 12, which includes a mounting frame 121 and a horizontal adjustment member 122 connected to the bottom of the mounting frame 121. The mounting frame 121 is provided with a touch screen 112 electrically connected to the adjustment mechanism 11. It should be noted that the touch screen 112, heating jacket 139, adjustment mechanism 11, etc. are all connected to a PLC or single-chip microcomputer control system. The touch screen 112 can be used to set key parameters such as stroke setting, temperature, vacuum level, and holding time, realizing visual operation.

[0029] A connecting sleeve 132 is installed at the upper end of the transfer tube 137 for accommodating the guide shaft 131 and is installed on an external structure (connected to the top of the mounting frame 121 of the mounting mechanism 12 by bolts).

[0030] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 3 As shown, a guide sleeve 134 is mounted on the upper end of the transfer tube 137. A wear-resistant sleeve 133 is embedded in a portion of the inner bore of the guide sleeve 134. The guide shaft 131 slides in contact with both the guide sleeve 134 and the wear-resistant sleeve 133. A first seal 136 (e.g., an O-ring) is provided between the piston 135 and the filling chamber. This arrangement reduces runout and wear of the guide shaft 131 during reciprocating motion, maintains the piston 135's pushing posture and coaxiality, extends the life of key kinematic elements, and ensures long-term filling accuracy.

[0031] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 3 As shown, a filling nozzle connecting seat 1312 is further provided, which is connected to the filling nozzle mounting seat 1311 by bolts. The filling nozzle connecting seat 1312 is provided with a stepped hole. The filling nozzle 1313 is placed in the stepped hole and the lower end extends out of the filling nozzle connecting seat 1312. The size of the filling nozzle 1313 placed in the filling nozzle connecting seat 1312 can be changed according to different filling requirements. In addition, the filling nozzle mounting seat 1311 is provided with a through hole 1314 connected to the filling cavity and the filling nozzle 1313, and the upper end of the through hole 1314 is tapered.

[0032] Through the above arrangement, it is convenient to quickly replace the filling nozzles 1313 with different calibers, lengths, and end shapes to meet the market demand for multiple specifications and models.

[0033] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, the upper end and the lower end of the filling tube 138 are respectively connected to the upper transfer seat and the lower transfer seat, and the upper transfer seat and the lower end of the transfer tube 137, the lower transfer seat and the filling nozzle mounting seat 1311, the upper transfer seat and the degassing upper cover 22, and the lower transfer seat and the degassing base 24 are respectively detachably connected by connecting parts (such as bolts).

[0034] In addition, the upper end and the lower end of the filling tube 138 are respectively connected to the upper transfer seat and the lower transfer seat, and a second sealing member (such as an O-ring) is respectively provided between the upper transfer seat and the lower end of the transfer tube 137, between the lower transfer seat and the filling nozzle mounting seat 1311, between the upper transfer seat and the degassing upper cover 22, and between the lower transfer seat and the degassing base 24.

[0035] The filling mechanism 13, the heating sleeve 139, the filling nozzle mechanism 140, the adjustment mechanism 11, the degassing mechanism 2, and the installation mechanism 12 are modular units, which are assembled and maintained in sections through adapters and connectors, avoiding the problems of difficult parts replacement and poor compatibility in existing highly integrated equipment, and reducing spare parts and maintenance costs.

[0036] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 As shown, a release film 23 is provided between the degassing base 24 and the bottom end of the filling tube 138. The release film 23 can effectively isolate the material from contact with the base, reduce residual adhesion, avoid air leakage during vacuuming, shorten replacement and cleaning time, and improve changeover and maintenance efficiency.

[0037] In one embodiment, the connector 21 is a locknut straight-through type; the degassing system 25 includes a vacuum pump.

[0038] Reference Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment also provides a quantitative filling process for composite resin, using the quantitative filling device 1 of the composite resin, including the following steps: S1. Preheating the composite resin: Place the composite resin and the filling tube 138 in a drying oven for preheating and softening. The drying oven temperature is 45°C ± 5°C, and the preheating time is 10 hours to 20 hours. S2. Loading: Use alcohol to clean foreign matter, wear clean rubber gloves, place the second sealing member and the release film 23 in the degassing base 24 in sequence, fasten the filling tube 138 to the degassing base 24 with bolts, and fill the composite resin to be degassed into the filling tube 138; S3. Degassing: Install a heating jacket 139 and a degassing upper cover 22 on the filling tube 138. The heating jacket 139 can be an existing digital display movable heating jacket 139. Connect the joint 21 on the degassing upper cover 22 to the vacuum pump through an air pipe. Set the heating temperature to 55℃±5℃, the degassing pressure to 30KN±5 KN, the vacuum degree to 0.01Mpa±0.001Mpa, and the pressure holding time to 20 minutes±2 minutes. After degassing starts, if the system vacuum degree drops to and stabilizes at the target vacuum degree within the predetermined time (shorter time), it is determined that the sealing is normal. Otherwise, stop the machine to review the installation and reassemble it.

[0039] The degassing mechanism 2 is composed of a degassing upper cover 22, a degassing base 24, a joint 21, and a vacuum pump. Vacuuming is achieved through an air pipe. Combined with the process settings of parameters such as vacuum degree, holding time, heating temperature, and degassing pressure in S3, the composite resin is fully degassed before filling. Online sealing self-inspection is achieved based on the "vacuum degree quickly drops to and stabilizes within a predetermined time" to reduce residual bubbles caused by sealing abnormalities.

[0040] S4, filling: Check the adhesion between the release film 23 and the composite resin. If not, return to step S2 to degas again. While retaining the filling tube 138, assemble the filling nozzle mechanism 140, the regulating mechanism 11, and the remaining filling mechanisms 13. Set the heating temperature of the heating jacket 139 to 55°C ± 5°C, adjust the stroke of the regulating mechanism 11 according to the target filling volume, and start filling. S5. Weighing adjustment: perform multiple trial fillings, weigh each one by tare, and adjust the stroke parameters of the regulating mechanism 11 according to the deviation between the weighing result and the target filling volume, until the filling volume error is controlled within the preset tolerance range, thereby ensuring the quantitative accuracy of subsequent batch filling.

[0041] For composite resins that are in a hard dough-like state after mixing and have poor fluidity at room temperature, the generation of bubbles in the composite resin during filling can be reduced and precise control can be achieved through steps such as preheating and softening, constant temperature maintenance, vacuum degassing, and piston 135-type quantitative advancement.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above specific implementation methods are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantitative filling device for composite resin, characterized in that: include: A filling mechanism (13) includes a filling tube (138), a transfer tube (137), and a guide shaft (131), wherein the upper end of the filling tube (138) and the transfer tube (137) are detachably connected to form a filling cavity therebetween, and the guide shaft (131) is movably connected to the filling cavity, and the guide shaft (131) is connected to a piston (135) that slides in the filling cavity; A heating jacket (139) is included, wrapped around the outer surface of the filling tube (138); A filling nozzle mechanism (140) comprises a filling nozzle mounting seat (1311) detachably mounted on the lower end of the filling tube (138), wherein the filling nozzle mounting seat (1311) is mounted with a filling nozzle (1313) in communication with the filling cavity; An adjusting mechanism (11), a driving end of which is connected to the guide shaft (131) and controls the stroke of the piston (135) to adjust the filling volume; The degassing mechanism (2) comprises a degassing upper cover (22), a degassing base (24), a joint (21) connected to the degassing upper cover (22), and a degassing system (25) connected to the joint (21) via an air pipe and used for vacuuming, wherein the degassing upper cover (22) and the degassing base (24) can be detachably connected to the upper and lower ends of the filling tube (138), respectively.

2. The quantitative filling equipment of composite resin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (11) includes an electric cylinder (111) or a servo linear module.

3. The quantitative filling equipment of composite resin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a mounting mechanism (12), wherein the mounting mechanism (12) includes a mounting frame (121) and a horizontal adjustment member (122) connected to the bottom of the mounting frame (121); the mounting frame (121) is provided with a touch operation screen (112) electrically connected to the adjustment mechanism (11); and the upper end of the transfer tube (137) is provided with a connecting sleeve (132) for accommodating the guide shaft (131) and mounted on the mounting frame (121).

4. The quantitative filling equipment for composite resin according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filling nozzle connecting seat (1312) connected to the filling nozzle mounting seat (1311) is also provided. The filling nozzle connecting seat (1312) is provided with a stepped hole. The filling nozzle (1313) is placed in the stepped hole and the lower end extends out of the filling nozzle connecting seat (1312). The filling nozzle mounting seat (1311) is provided with a through hole (1314) respectively connected to the filling cavity and the filling nozzle (1313).

5. The quantitative filling equipment for composite resin according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide sleeve (134) is installed at the upper end of the transfer tube (137), a wear-resistant sleeve (133) is embedded in a portion of the inner hole of the guide sleeve (134), the guide shaft (131) is in sliding contact with the guide sleeve (134) and the wear-resistant sleeve (133), respectively, and a first sealing member (136) is provided between the piston (135) and the filling chamber.

6. The quantitative filling equipment for composite resin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end and lower end of the filling tube (138) are respectively connected to an upper transfer seat and a lower transfer seat, and the upper transfer seat and the lower end of the transfer tube (137), the lower transfer seat and the filling nozzle mounting seat (1311), the upper transfer seat and the degassing upper cover (22), and the lower transfer seat and the degassing base (24) are detachably connected via connectors.

7. The quantitative filling equipment for composite resin according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper end and lower end of the filling tube (138) are respectively connected to an upper transfer seat and a lower transfer seat, and a second sealing member is respectively provided between the upper transfer seat and the lower end of the transfer tube (137), between the lower transfer seat and the filling nozzle mounting seat (1311), between the upper transfer seat and the degassing upper cover (22), and between the lower transfer seat and the degassing base (24).

8. The quantitative filling equipment for composite resin according to claim 1, characterized in that: A release film (23) is provided between the degassing base (24) and the bottom end of the filling tube (138).

9. The quantitative filling equipment for composite resin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The joint (21) is of a locknut straight-through type; the degassing system (25) includes a vacuum pump.

10. A quantitative filling process for composite resin, characterized in that: The quantitative filling device (1) of the composite resin according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1. Preheating the composite resin: placing the composite resin and the filling tube (138) in a drying oven for preheating and softening. The drying oven temperature is 45°C ± 5° and the preheating time is 10 hours to 20 hours. S2. Loading: Use alcohol to clean foreign matter, wear clean rubber gloves, put the second seal and the release film (23) into the degassing base (24) in turn, fasten the filling tube (138) and the degassing base (24) with bolts, and fill the filling tube (138) with the composite resin to be degassed; S3, degassing: install the heating jacket (139) and the degassing cover (22) on the filling tube (138), connect the joint (21) on the degassing cover (22) to the vacuum pump through the air pipe, set the heating temperature to 55℃±5℃, set the degassing pressure to 30KN±5KN, set the vacuum degree to 0.01Mpa±0.001Mpa, and set the pressure holding time to 20 minutes±2 minutes; after the degassing starts, if the system vacuum degree drops to and stabilizes at the target vacuum degree within the predetermined time, it is determined that the sealing is normal, otherwise the system is stopped to review the installation and reassemble; S4, filling and filling: Check the bonding state of the release film (23) and the composite resin. If not, return to step S2 to degas again; assemble the filling nozzle mechanism (140), the adjustment mechanism (11) and the remaining filling mechanisms (13) while retaining the filling tube (138); set the heating temperature of the heating jacket (139) to 55°C ± 5°C, set the stroke of the adjustment mechanism (11) according to the target filling volume, and perform filling; S5. Weighing adjustment: Perform multiple trial fillings, weigh each one by tare, and adjust the stroke parameters of the adjustment mechanism (11) according to the deviation between the weighing result and the target filling amount, until the filling amount error is controlled within the preset tolerance range, thereby ensuring the quantitative accuracy of subsequent batch filling.

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