Four-axis adjusting device and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a four-axis adjusting device which comprises a bottom plate, a four-axis seat body and a tailstock corresponding to the four-axis seat body are arranged on the bottom plate, a four-axis rotary table is arranged on the four-axis seat body, a flange plate and a flange seat are arranged on the four-axis rotary table, the flange plate is in clearance fit with the flange seat, a collet chuck and a screw cap are sequentially arranged on the flange seat, and a movable block is arranged on the tailstock. A tip is arranged on the movable block; a locking screw and an adjusting screw are arranged on the flange plate, the adjusting screw is arranged between the flange plate and the flange seat, and the adjusting screw drives the flange plate to move when rotating; and the flange plate and the flange seat are firmly connected through the locking screw. During use, a product to be machined can be conveniently adjusted and locked through the locking screw and the adjusting screw, so that the machining requirement is met, the quality problem caused by multi-procedure clamping and tolerance factors is avoided, and the consistency of the product is improved. And meanwhile, the using method is simple and easy to operate, the operation process is high in universality, and customized testing machining is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a four-axis adjustment device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the requirements for machined parts in the machinery manufacturing industry are becoming increasingly higher, especially for products involving multiple processing steps. Since it is impossible to complete multiple processing steps on one adjustment device, multiple clamping steps are required to process different parts. This will cause a certain degree of precision difference, and the influence of tolerance factors will be superimposed, which will eventually lead to the consistency of the product failing to meet the positioning requirements of the subsequent processes.

[0003] At the same time, existing technologies have highly sophisticated specialized processing equipment and tools for some transmission components, such as spline shafts, which are mass-produced. However, during the early prototype testing phase, when the product is not yet finalized and may require subsequent design changes, mass production processes require specialized equipment and tools, resulting in prohibitively high investment and commissioning costs. Furthermore, because the spline shaft's outer diameter and tooth profile are processed in different processes and on different equipment, and the spline shaft and tooth profile have very high coaxiality requirements, conventional processing methods cannot meet these requirements.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an adjustment device that can ensure the consistency of the processed products, and at the same time the device has a wide applicability and is convenient for customized product processing and testing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved four-axis adjustment device and its use method. Through structural improvements, the problem of poor product consistency caused by factors such as multi-process clamping and tolerance is solved. At the same time, the use method is convenient, which greatly improves the processing accuracy and efficiency, and facilitates customized product processing.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is: a four-axis adjustment device, characterized in that: the four-axis adjustment device includes a base plate, a four-axis seat body and a corresponding tail stock are provided on the base plate, a four-axis turntable is provided on the four-axis seat body, a flange and a flange seat matching with the flange are provided on the four-axis turntable, the flange and the flange seat are clearance-matched, a collet and a screw cover are provided on the flange seat in sequence, a movable block is provided on the tail stock, and a top point matching with the screw cover is provided on the movable block; a locking screw and an adjusting screw are provided on the flange, the adjusting screw is arranged between the flange and the flange seat, and a groove matching with the adjusting screw is provided on the flange seat, and one end of the adjusting screw is a spherical head. After the spherical head matches with the groove, the adjusting screw drives the flange to move when it rotates; the head of the locking screw is conical, and the flange seat is provided with a conical hole matching with it, so that the flange and the flange seat are firmly connected.

[0007] Preferably, the collet is in the shape of a truncated cone, one end of the flange seat is provided with a collet mounting hole that matches it, and the collet is provided with evenly distributed shrinkage grooves around the collet. The collet is fixed to the flange seat by a screw cap.

[0008] Furthermore, a step is provided at the end face of the collet for cooperating with the screw cap, and a retaining ring is provided on the screw cap for cooperating with the step, so that the end face of the collet and the screw cap form a plane after cooperating. A clamping hole for placing the workpiece is provided at the center of the collet, and the clamping hole is connected to the shrinkage groove.

[0009] Furthermore, one end of the tip is a working end, which is conical in shape. A circular table is provided on the top of the cone to abut against the end of the workpiece. The tip and the collet together clamp the workpiece.

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the flange seat is provided with an external thread, the screw cap is provided with an internal thread matching the external thread, and a positioning block is provided between the flange seat and the flange plate.

[0011] A method for using a four-axis adjustment device, characterized in that the method of use includes the following steps: a. When the locking screw, the adjusting screw and the flange seat are all in a free state, the product to be processed is installed in the collet through the positioning block, the screw cap is tightened to clamp the product to be processed, and then the other end of the product to be processed is pre-tightened by the tailstock; b. The micrometer is pressed on the area to be processed of the product to be processed, and the surface runout of the product to be processed can be read by rotating the four-axis adjustment device; c. The area to be processed is adjusted to the required range by the adjusting screw, and the locking thread is tightened at the same time, and the tailstock is pressed against the product to be processed; d. A single tooth profile is processed by the side edge of the forming tool. After the single tooth profile is processed, the four-axis adjustment device is rotated 30° to process the tooth profile according to the requirement of 12 teeth of the spline shaft, until all tooth profiles are processed after 12 rotations.

[0012] Preferably, in step a, the hardness of the adjusting screw is greater than 60HRC and the roughness is less than Ra0.2, and the adjusting screw can drive the flange to move during rotation.

[0013] Furthermore, in step a, the collet is in the shape of a truncated cone, a collet mounting hole cooperating therewith is provided at one end of the flange, evenly distributed shrinkage grooves are provided around the collet, and the collet is fixed to the flange through a screw cap; a step cooperating with the screw cap is provided at the end face of the collet, and a retaining ring cooperating with the step is provided on the screw cap, so that the end face of the collet forms a plane after cooperating with the screw cap, and a clamping hole for placing the workpiece is provided at the center of the collet, and the clamping hole is connected to the shrinkage groove.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention not only improves the overall technical solution, but also includes many improvements in details. Specifically, it has the following beneficial effects: The improved solution of the present invention is that a flange and a flange seat matching the flange are provided on the four-axis turntable, the flange and the flange seat are clearance-matched, and a locking screw and an adjusting screw are provided on the flange. Through the locking screw and the adjusting screw, the processed product can be conveniently adjusted and locked to meet the processing requirements, avoiding quality problems caused by multi-process clamping and tolerance factors, and improving product consistency. In the technical solution of the present invention, the adjusting screw is arranged between the flange and the flange seat, and the flange seat is provided with a groove that matches the adjusting screw. One end of the adjusting screw is a spherical head. After the spherical head matches the groove, when the adjusting screw is rotated, the flange is driven to move accurately, so that the micrometer can perform accurate adjustment when reading the maximum runout value of the surface of the product to be processed; In the structure of the present invention, the head of the locking screw is conical, and the flange seat is provided with a conical hole matching the head, so that the flange plate and the flange seat are firmly connected, effectively preventing the flange seat from being separated from the flange plate, ensuring production efficiency and improving product quality; The method of use of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, the operation process is highly versatile, and customized testing and processing are convenient, while improving production efficiency, saving time and labor, and being easy to promote and utilize. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the dispersed structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a partial schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction.

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part C in the middle.

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part E in the middle.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flange and flange seat when used in the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1. Four-axis turntable, 2. Flange, 3. Fixing screw, 4. Adjusting screw, 5. Locking screw, 6. Flange seat, 7. Collet, 8. Screw cap, 9. Product to be processed, 10. Center; 11 movable block, 12 tailstock, 13 base plate, 14 positioning block, 15 micrometer; 20 four-axis seat body; 31 conical head; 41 spherical head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0024] The present application provides a four-axis adjusting device, which specifically refers to Figure 1 The difference between the present application and the prior art is that the four-axis adjusting device comprises a base plate 13, the base plate is provided with a four-axis seat body 20 and a tailstock 12 corresponding to the four-axis seat body, the four-axis seat body 20 is provided with a four-axis rotary table 1, the four-axis rotary table is provided with a flange plate 2 and a flange seat 6 matched with the flange plate, the flange plate and the flange seat are gap matched, the flange seat is sequentially provided with a collet 7 and a screw cap 8, the tailstock is provided with a movable block 11, the movable block is provided with a center 10 matched with the screw cap; the flange plate is provided with a locking screw 5 and an adjusting screw 4, the adjusting screw is arranged between the flange plate and the flange seat, the flange seat is provided with a groove matched with the adjusting screw, one end of the adjusting screw 4 is a spherical head 41, after the spherical head is matched with the groove, the adjusting screw drives the flange plate to displace when the adjusting screw rotates; the locking screw is provided with a conical head 31, the flange seat is provided with a conical hole matched with the conical head, so that the flange plate and the flange seat are firmly connected.

[0025] In use, the four-axis seat body is arranged at one end of the base plate, the tailstock is arranged at the other end of the base plate, the product to be processed 9 is installed into the collet through the positioning block, the product is clamped by tightening the screw cap, the product to be processed is then clamped by the tailstock, and then the adjusting screw is used to adjust the area to be processed to the required range, so as to ensure that the runout of the area to be processed can meet the processing requirements, and at the same time, the quality problems caused by multi-process clamping and tolerance factors are avoided, the consistency of the product is improved, and the product quality is improved.

[0026] Embodiment 1 In this embodiment, the four-axis adjustment device includes a base plate 13, on which a four-axis seat body and a corresponding tail stock 12 are provided, a four-axis turntable 1 is provided on the four-axis seat body, a flange 2 and a flange seat 6 matching the flange are provided on the four-axis turntable, the flange and the flange seat are clearance-matched, a collet and a screw cover are provided on the flange seat in sequence, a movable block is provided on the tail seat, and a top point matching the screw cover is provided on the movable block; a locking screw and an adjusting screw are provided on the flange, the adjusting screw is arranged between the flange and the flange seat, and a groove matching the adjusting screw is provided on the flange seat, and one end of the adjusting screw is a spherical head. After the spherical head matches the groove, the adjusting screw drives the flange to be effectively displaced when it is rotated, and is convenient for precise adjustment; the head of the locking screw is conical, and the flange seat is provided with a conical hole matching it, so that the flange and the flange seat are firmly connected and completely locked to ensure safety during work.

[0027] Specifically, the collet 7 is shaped like a truncated cone, with a collet mounting hole provided at one end of the flange seat, and evenly distributed contraction grooves around the collet. The collet is secured to the flange seat via a screw cap that fits over one end of the collet. Furthermore, a step is provided at the end face of the collet to mate with the screw cap, and a circular retaining ring is provided on the screw cap to mate with the step, so that the end face of the collet and the screw cap form a flat surface when mated. A clamping hole is provided at the center of the collet for placing the workpiece, and the clamping hole is connected to the contraction groove. The combined action of the clamping hole and the contraction groove securely clamps one end of the workpiece while applying uniform force to avoid damage to the workpiece's exterior. The contraction groove extends from the collet's work surface to the barrel portion, with the width of the contraction groove on the work surface being larger than that of the barrel portion, with a width ratio of 1.25-1.38:1, with a preferred value of 1.28. This provides a better clamping effect and facilitates the insertion of the workpiece.

[0028] Furthermore, one end of the tip is the working end, which is conical in shape. The top of the cone is provided with a circular table to abut against the end of the workpiece. The tip and the collet together form a clamp for the workpiece. Unlike the traditional conical tailstock and center hole clamping, the circular table can not only improve the rigidity of the product to be processed, but also the area to be processed is not affected by the center hole and can be corrected at will. Furthermore, one end of the flange seat is provided with an external thread, and the screw cap is provided with an internal thread that matches it. A positioning block is provided between the flange seat and the flange plate to facilitate the rapid installation and positioning of the workpiece and improve work efficiency. The positioning block here is provided between the two locking screws to facilitate better positioning, while minimizing the impact when the adjusting screw is working to ensure the accuracy of the adjustment.

[0029] Example 2 In this embodiment, a method for using a four-axis adjustment device is described, and the method includes the following steps: a. When the locking screw, the adjusting screw and the flange seat are all in a free state, the product to be processed is installed in the collet through the positioning block, the screw cap is tightened to clamp the product to be processed, and the other end of the product to be processed is pre-tightened by the tailstock; b. The micrometer is pressed on the area to be processed of the product to be processed, and the surface runout of the product to be processed can be read by rotating the four-axis adjustment device; c. The area to be processed is adjusted to the required range by the adjusting screw, and the locking thread is tightened at the same time, and the tailstock is pressed against the product to be processed; d. A single tooth profile is processed by the side edge of the forming tool. After the single tooth profile is processed, the four-axis adjustment device is rotated 30° to process the tooth profile according to the requirement of 12 teeth on the spline shaft, until all tooth profiles are processed after 12 rotations.

[0030] Specifically, the clearance between the inner hole of the flange and the outer diameter of the flange seat is matched, and the clearance value is the maximum adjustment amount of this device, with a clearance value of 2-8mm. Four threaded holes are evenly distributed on the flange, two of which are installed with adjustment screws 4, and two locking screws 5 are installed opposite the two adjustment threads, that is, two adjustment screws are set adjacent to each other, and two locking screws are set adjacent to each other, which facilitates adjustment and locking. Furthermore, the depth of the groove on the flange seat that matches the adjustment screw is greater than the depth of the tapered hole, and the ratio of the depth of the groove to the depth of the tapered hole is 3-6:1. The diameter of the groove is greater than the diameter of the threaded hole, and the ratio of the diameter of the groove to the diameter of the threaded hole is 1.3-1.5:1, making the adjustment process efficient and accurate.

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, there are two adjustment screws in the four-axis adjustment device at positions A0 and A90 (home position and 90 degrees), and two locking screws at positions A180 and A270 (180 and 270 degrees). When the four axes are rotated, the highest point of product runout is detected using a dial indicator. If the value of the highest runout detected at point X is x and the angle with A0 is A, the required adjustment distance for the A0 adjustment nut is cosA*x, and the required adjustment distance for the A90 adjustment nut is sinA*x. Since the adjustment nut has a right-hand thread and the adjustment thread pitch is P, the adjustment thread at position A0 should be rotated clockwise by cosA*x / P turns, and the adjustment thread at position A0 should be rotated clockwise by sinA*x / P turns. If the calculated value is negative, the adjustment should be rotated counterclockwise.

[0032] In step a, the adjusting screw has a hardness greater than 60 HRC and a roughness less than Ra0.2. Rotation of the adjusting screw drives the flange, effectively reducing wear on the adjusting screw and extending its service life. Both the adjusting screw and the flange utilize high-precision, ultra-fine threads, enabling higher resolution. Reading the maximum runout value of the product surface on the dial indicator 15 allows for more precise adjustments.

[0033] Further, the collet is in the shape of a truncated cone, one end of the flange plate is provided with a collet mounting hole matched therewith, the periphery of the collet is provided with uniformly distributed shrinkage grooves, and the collet is fixed on the flange plate through a screw cap; the end face of the collet is provided with a step matched with the screw cap, the screw cap is provided with a stop ring matched with the step, so that the end face of the collet and the screw cap form a plane after being matched, and the center of the collet is provided with a clamping hole for placing a workpiece, the clamping hole being communicated with the shrinkage grooves.

[0034] Embodiment 3 In this embodiment, the four-axis adjusting device comprises a base plate, a four-axis seat body and a tailstock corresponding to the four-axis seat body are arranged on the base plate, a four-axis rotary table is arranged on the four-axis seat body, a flange plate and a flange seat matched with the flange plate are arranged on the four-axis rotary table, the flange plate and the flange seat are gap matched, a collet and a screw cap are arranged on the flange seat in sequence, a movable block is arranged on the tailstock, and a center is arranged on the movable block and matched with the screw cap; lock screws and adjusting screws are arranged on the flange plate, the adjusting screws are arranged between the flange plate and the flange seat, a groove matched with the adjusting screws is arranged on the flange seat, one end of the adjusting screw is a spherical head, and the spherical head is matched with the groove, so that the adjusting screw drives the flange plate to effectively displace when the adjusting screw rotates, and accurate adjustment is facilitated; the head of the lock screw is in the shape of a cone, the flange seat is provided with a conical hole matched with the head, so that the flange plate and the flange seat are firmly connected and completely locked, and the safety during work is ensured.

[0035] In the specific use method, the inner hole of the flange plate and the outer diameter of the flange seat are gap matched, the gap value is the maximum adjustment amount of the device, four threaded holes are arranged on the flange plate, two threaded holes are arranged to install the adjusting screws, and two lock screws are arranged on the opposite side of the two adjusting screws, that is, one adjusting screw corresponds to one lock screw, so that adjustment and locking are facilitated.

[0036] Specifically, the head of the adjusting screw is designed as a ball head, the surface profile degree of the ball head is precisely gap matched with the notch arranged on the flange plate, the hardness of the ball head is more than 60HRC, and the roughness of the ball head is less than Ra0.2. When the screw is twisted, the flange plate can be smoothly moved, and the wear of the adjusting screw can be effectively reduced. Further, the screw head of the ball head is provided in the shape of a sphere or a flat sphere, the contact area is increased, the pushing process is more smooth when the adjusting screw rotates.

[0037] The adjusting screw and the flange plate thread are both high-precision ultra-fine thread, which can obtain higher resolution accuracy. When the maximum runout value of the surface of the product to be processed is read by a dial gauge, the adjustment can be more accurate.

[0038] Furthermore, the locking screw head is designed to be conical, and a conical hole is also provided at the corresponding flange position. In the free state, the screw's conical surface can be closely attached to the flange's conical surface, effectively preventing the flange seat from separating from the flange. At the same time, to avoid the inability to correct due to deviation in the center hole position, the end face to be processed and the tip head of this device are both smooth. Unlike traditional conical tailstocks clamped to the center hole, this not only improves the rigidity of the product to be processed, but also ensures that the processed area is not affected by the center hole, allowing for free correction.

[0039] In order to meet the processing requirements of the spline shaft, the contour of the forming tool used to process the spline shaft and the profile of the tooth surface of the spline shaft must be within 0.02mm. At the same time, since the raw materials of the spline shaft have the characteristics of high strength and high hardness, in order to increase the service life of the tool, the tool surface is coated with high-strength and high-temperature resistant coatings such as titanium boride (TiB2) and nitrogen carbon chromium titanium (CrTiCN).

[0040] The above is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to the above description. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-axis adjustment device, characterized in that: The four-axis adjustment device includes a base plate, a four-axis seat body and a corresponding tailstock are provided on the base plate, a four-axis turntable is provided on the four-axis seat body, a flange and a flange seat matching the flange are provided on the four-axis turntable, the flange and the flange seat are clearance-matched, a collet and a screw cap are provided on the flange seat in sequence, a movable block is provided on the tailstock, and a top matching the screw cap is provided on the movable block; The flange is provided with a locking screw and an adjusting screw. The adjusting screw is arranged between the flange and the flange seat. The flange seat is provided with a groove that matches the adjusting screw. One end of the adjusting screw is a spherical head. When the spherical head matches the groove, the flange is displaced when the adjusting screw is rotated. The head of the locking screw is conical, and the flange seat is provided with a conical hole matched therewith, so that the flange plate and the flange seat are firmly connected.

2. The four-axis adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collet is in the shape of a truncated cone. One end of the flange seat is provided with a collet mounting hole that matches it. The collet is provided with evenly distributed shrinkage grooves around the collet. The collet is fixed to the flange seat by a screw cap.

3. The four-axis adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end face of the collet is provided with a step that cooperates with the rotary cover, and the rotary cover is provided with a retaining ring that cooperates with the step, so that the end face of the collet and the rotary cover form a plane after cooperation. A clamping hole for placing the workpiece is provided at the center of the collet, and the clamping hole is connected to the shrinkage groove.

4. The four-axis adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the tip is the working end, which is conical. The top of the cone is provided with a circular table for abutting against the end of the workpiece. The tip and the collet together clamp the workpiece.

5. The four-axis adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the flange seat is provided with an external thread, the screw cap is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread, and a positioning block is provided between the flange seat and the flange plate.

6. The method for using the four-axis adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of use includes the following steps: a. When the locking screw, the adjusting screw and the flange seat are in a free state, the product to be processed is installed in the collet through the positioning block, the screw cap is tightened to clamp the product to be processed, and the other end of the product to be processed is pre-tightened by the tailstock; b. The micrometer is pressed on the area to be processed of the product to be processed, and the surface runout of the product to be processed can be read by rotating the four-axis adjustment device; c. The area to be processed is adjusted to the required range by the adjusting screw, and the locking thread is tightened at the same time, and the tailstock is tightened to the product to be processed; d. A single tooth profile is processed by the side edge of the forming tool. After the single tooth profile is processed, the four-axis adjustment device is rotated 30° to process the tooth profile according to the requirement of 12 teeth on the spline shaft, until all tooth profiles are processed after 12 rotations.

7. The method for using the four-axis adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step a, the hardness of the adjusting screw is greater than 60HRC and the roughness is less than Ra0.2, and the adjusting screw can drive the flange to move during the rotation process.

8. The method for using the four-axis adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step a, the collet is in the shape of a truncated cone, one end of the flange is provided with a collet mounting hole that cooperates therewith, and evenly distributed shrinkage grooves are provided around the collet. The collet is fixed to the flange through a screw cap; a step that cooperates with the screw cap is provided at the end face of the collet, and a retaining ring that cooperates with the step is provided on the screw cap, so that the end face of the collet and the screw cap form a plane after cooperation, and a clamping hole for placing the workpiece is provided at the center of the collet, and the clamping hole is connected to the shrinkage groove.

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