Semi-active lubricating structure of speed reducer and speed reducer
By introducing an oil collecting and guiding device and an oil guide channel structure into the reducer and using the main reduction gear power source to guide the oil flow, the problems of uneven and insufficient lubrication of the reducer bearings are solved, achieving continuous and sufficient lubrication and cost reduction.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511209038.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-10
AI Technical Summary
The existing lubrication method of the reducer has problems with uneven bearing lubrication and insufficient lubrication, especially in the helical gear design, which results in sufficient oil on one side and scarce oil on the other side. In addition, the existing active lubrication method is costly.
The oil collecting and guiding device and oil guide channel structure are adopted, and the main reduction gear is used as the power source to bring the oil from the lower part of the housing to the higher part. The oil is reasonably distributed through the oil guide channel and the oil collecting and guiding device to ensure uniform lubrication of each bearing and avoid the need to install an oil pump and filter.
Continuous and sufficient lubrication of each bearing is achieved, the layout of reducer accessories is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the uniformity and reliability of lubrication are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN120759914A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electric drives, and in particular relates to a semi-active lubrication structure of a reducer and a reducer. Background Art
[0002] The continuous development of electric drive systems for new energy vehicles is driving higher speeds and greater torques, all while requiring increasingly compact space. This places higher demands on the lubrication and cooling design of reducers. Continuous and stable lubrication not only reduces wear on reducer gears and bearings, improving reliability and service life, but also enhances efficiency and NVH performance.
[0003] Currently, the lubrication methods of reducers are divided into active lubrication and passive lubrication according to whether there is an oil pump supplying oil.
[0004] Active lubrication uses an oil pump as the power source for the oil supply system, coupled with a complex and precise oil circuit design to ensure excellent lubrication throughout the reducer. This ensures a stable and continuous flow of lubricating oil to each bearing and gear. However, the use of accessories such as the oil pump and oil filter makes the oil circuit design complex and costly.
[0005] Passive lubrication splashes oil through the rotation of gears to lubricate the reducer bearings. It has a simple structure and low cost. However, since the gears of current reducers are generally helical gears, the oil will be thrown to the left or right side of the cavity. There may be a situation where one side has sufficient oil and the bearings are well lubricated, while the other side has less oil and the bearings are poorly lubricated. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a semi-active lubrication structure and a reducer for a reducer which effectively ensures that each bearing is continuously and fully lubricated, does not require accessories such as oil pumps and filters, and reduces costs.
[0007] The content of the present invention provides a semi-active lubrication structure of a reducer, including an oil collecting and guiding device and two oil guiding holes 1, two oil guiding holes 2 and two oil guiding holes 3 opened on the reducer housing, one end of the two oil guiding holes 1 is connected to the installation area of the bearings at both ends of the output shaft, and the other end is connected to the interior of the reducer housing and faces the tooth surface of the main reduction gear; one end of the two oil guiding holes 2 is connected to the installation area of the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft, and the oil collecting and guiding device is hollow and through-connected at both ends, the oil collecting and guiding device is arranged inside the reducer housing, the two ends of the oil collecting and guiding device are connected to the other ends of the two oil guiding holes 2, and the oil collecting and guiding device is provided with an oil collecting port on the side surface of the oil-throwing direction of the main reduction gear, and an oil collecting plate is provided at the bottom of one end of the oil collecting port, and the oil collecting plate is extended toward the tooth surface of the main reduction gear for receiving the oil thrown out by the main reduction gear, one end of the two oil guiding holes 3 is connected to the installation area of the bearings at both ends of the input shaft, and the other end is connected to the other end of the oil collecting port.
[0008] Furthermore, the oil collecting port is provided with an oil collecting plate, the diameter of one end of the oil collecting port being larger than the diameter of the other end of the oil collecting port.
[0009] Furthermore, the oil collecting plate is arc-shaped or V-shaped.
[0010] Furthermore, the other ends of the two oil guide channels 3 are connected to the other end of the oil collecting port through the oil guide portion.
[0011] Furthermore, the other ends of the two oil guide channels three are both connected to the interior of the reducer housing, and the oil guide part is an oil guide plate, which is arranged on the inner wall of the reducer housing and below the other end of the oil guide channel three.
[0012] Furthermore, the reducer housing includes two half shells, wherein one oil guide channel 1, oil guide channel 2 and oil guide channel 3 are arranged on one half shell, and the other oil guide channel 1, oil guide channel 2 and oil guide channel 3 are arranged on the other half shell, and two oil guide plates are provided, which are correspondingly arranged on the inner walls of the two half shells and correspondingly located below the other ends of the two oil guide channels 3, and the end faces of the two oil guide plates are in contact with each other.
[0013] Furthermore, an oil separation plate is provided at the bottom of the other end of the oil collecting port on the side of the oil collecting and guiding device, the end of the oil separation plate is overlapped and provided on the oil guide plate, and the end of the oil guide plate away from the oil separation plate is bent upward.
[0014] Furthermore, the oil separator plate is arc-shaped or V-shaped, and the oil guide plate overlapped with the oil separator plate is provided with a groove that matches the shape of the end of the oil separator plate.
[0015] Furthermore, an oil inlet hole is also provided on the reducer housing, and the other ends of the two oil guide channels are connected to the oil inlet hole. The two oil guide channels are connected to the inside of the reducer housing through the oil inlet hole and face the tooth surface of the main reduction gear.
[0016] The present invention also provides a speed reducer provided with the above-mentioned speed reducer semi-active lubrication structure.
[0017] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that part of the oil stirred up by the main reduction gear is squeezed into the two oil guide holes 1, and then flows into the installation area of the bearings at both ends of the output shaft, thereby lubricating the bearings at both ends of the output shaft, and the other part of the oil stirred up is tilted and splashed toward the direction of the intermediate shaft and the output shaft and falls on the oil collecting plate, and the oil falling on the oil collecting plate naturally flows along one end of the oil collecting port into the interior of the oil collecting and oil guide device, and part of the oil entering the interior of the oil collecting and oil guide device flows into the two oil guide holes 2 along the two ends respectively, and then flows into the installation area of the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft, thereby lubricating the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft, and the remaining part of the oil entering the interior of the oil collecting and oil guide device flows along the other end of the oil collecting port to the two oil guide holes 3, and then flows into the installation area of the bearings at both ends of the input shaft, thereby lubricating the bearings at both ends of the input shaft.
[0018] The present invention uses the main reduction gear as a power source to carry oil from a low point inside the reducer housing to a high point, increasing its gravitational potential energy. Combined with the oil collecting and guiding device, oil guide channel 1, oil guide channel 2, and oil guide channel 3, the oil flow is effectively guided and the oil is rationally distributed in each bearing area, ensuring that each bearing has a continuous oil supply. This avoids the uneven oil distribution on the bearings on both sides of the reducer housing caused by the tilting of the helical gears, as well as the problem of insufficient lubrication of bearings with a large distance span and inability to supply oil, effectively ensuring that each bearing is continuously and fully lubricated. At the same time, there is no need to install accessories such as oil pumps and filters, which simplifies the accessory layout design of the housing and greatly saves costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the decomposed structure of the reducer of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 2 This is a first partial cross-sectional view of the reducer of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 3 This is a second partial cross-sectional view of the reducer of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the oil collecting and guiding device of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of one of the shells of the present invention.
[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of another shell of the present invention.
[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the flow path of the semi-active lubricating oil of the present invention.
[0026] In the figure: 1. Reducer housing; 11. Half shell; 111. Oil guide channel one; 112. Oil guide channel two; 113. Oil guide channel three; 114. Oil guide plate; 115. Oil inlet; 2. Output shaft; 21. Main reduction gear; 3. Intermediate shaft; 4. Input shaft; 5. Oil collecting and guide device; 51. Oil collecting port; 52. Oil collecting plate; 53. Oil distribution plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, the present invention provides a semi-active lubrication structure for a reducer, comprising an oil collecting and guiding device 5 and two oil guiding channels 111, two oil guiding channels 2112, and two oil guiding channels 3113. The oil collecting and guiding device 5 is disposed within the reducer housing 1, and the two oil guiding channels 111, 112, and 113 are all disposed within the reducer housing 1. One end of the two oil guiding channels 111 corresponds to the mounting area for the bearings at both ends of the output shaft 2, while the other end communicates with the interior of the reducer housing 1 and faces the tooth surface of the main reduction gear 21. Specifically, the connection point between the other ends of the two oil guiding channels and the interior of the reducer housing 1 is located between the tooth surface of the main reduction gear 21 and the inner wall of the reducer housing 1. One end of the two oil guiding channels 2 corresponds to the mounting area for the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft 3, while the other end communicates with the interior of the reducer housing 1. The oil collecting and guiding device 5 is hollow and has two through-holes. Its two ends are connected and communicate with the other ends of the two second oil guide channels 112, which can be interference fit connections. An oil collecting port 51 is provided through the side of the end of the oil collecting and guiding device 5 that corresponds to the direction of oil rejection from the main reducer gear 21. An oil collecting plate 52 is provided at the bottom of one end of the oil collecting port 51. The oil collecting plate 52 extends toward the tooth surface of the main reducer gear 21 and is used to receive oil rejected by the main reducer gear 21. The received oil then flows along the oil collecting port 51 on the oil collecting plate 52 and into the interior of the oil collecting and guiding device 5. One end of the two third oil guide channels 113 communicates with the mounting areas of the bearings at both ends of the input shaft 4, and the other end communicates with the other end of the oil collecting port 51.
[0028] The mounting areas for the bearings at both ends of the output shaft 2 are the chambers on the reducer housing 1 for mounting the bearings at both ends of the output shaft 2. The mounting areas for the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft 3 are the chambers on the reducer housing 1 for mounting the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft 3. The mounting areas for the bearings at both ends of the input shaft 4 are the chambers on the reducer housing 1 for mounting the bearings at both ends of the input shaft 4. The main reduction gear 21 is the large gear installed on the output shaft 2. The direction of rotation of the output shaft 2 and the main reduction gear 21 is from bottom to top toward the intermediate shaft 3 and the output shaft 2, that is, Figure 7 In the counterclockwise direction from the perspective, the intermediate shaft 3 rotates clockwise, and the input shaft 4 rotates counterclockwise.
[0029] When the reducer is working, the oil inside the reducer housing 1 is stirred up as the main reduction gear 21 rotates. Part of the stirred oil is squeezed into the two oil guide holes 111 and then flows into the mounting area of the bearings at both ends of the output shaft 2, thereby lubricating the bearings at both ends of the output shaft 2. The other part of the stirred oil splashes obliquely toward the direction of the intermediate shaft 3 and the output shaft 2 and falls on the oil collecting plate 52. The oil falling on the oil collecting plate 52 naturally flows along one end of the oil collecting port 51 into the interior of the oil collecting guide 5. Part of the oil entering the oil collecting guide 5 flows into the two oil guide holes 2 112 along both ends, and then flows into the mounting area of the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft 3, thereby lubricating the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft 3. The remaining part of the oil entering the oil collecting guide 5 flows along the other end of the oil collecting port 51 to the two oil guide holes 3 113, and then flows into the mounting area of the bearings at both ends of the input shaft 4, thereby lubricating the bearings at both ends of the input shaft 4.
[0030] Based on the above, the present invention uses the main reduction gear 21 as a power source to carry oil from a low point inside the reducer housing 1 to a high point, thereby increasing its gravitational potential energy. Combined with the oil collecting and guiding device 5, oil guide channel 1 111, oil guide channel 2 112, and oil guide channel 3 113, the oil flow is effectively guided and the oil is rationally distributed in each bearing area, ensuring that each bearing has a continuous supply of oil. This avoids the uneven distribution of oil in the bearings on both sides of the reducer housing 1 due to the tilting of the helical gears, as well as the problem of insufficient lubrication of bearings with a large distance span and inability to supply oil, thereby effectively ensuring that each bearing is continuously and fully lubricated. At the same time, there is no need to set up accessories such as oil pumps and filters, which simplifies the accessory layout design of the housing and greatly saves costs.
[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, the oil collecting port 51 is provided with an oil collecting plate 52 whose diameter at one end is larger than the diameter at the other end of the oil collecting port 51. Based on this arrangement, the oil entering the oil collecting and oil guiding device 5 along the oil collecting port 51 can be prevented from directly flowing out along the other end of the oil collecting port 51, thereby ensuring that both ends of the oil collecting and oil guiding device 5 and the other end of the oil collecting port 51 have a reasonable oil flow rate.
[0032] The oil collecting plate 52 is arc-shaped or V-shaped, which is more conducive to receiving splashed oil and reducing the oil from flowing out to both sides, thereby promoting the oil to flow to one end of the oil collecting port 51.
[0033] The other ends of the two third oil guide channels 113 are connected to the other end of the oil collection port 51 through an oil guide portion. The other ends of the two third oil guide channels 113 are connected to the interior of the reducer housing 1. The oil guide portion is an oil guide plate 114. The oil guide plate 114 is provided on the inner wall of the reducer housing 1 and is located below the other end of the third oil guide channel 113 to guide oil into the third oil guide channel 113.
[0034] In the present invention, the reducer housing 1 specifically includes two half shells 11, the bearings at one end of the output shaft 2, the intermediate shaft 3 and the input shaft 4 are arranged on one of the half shells 11, and the bearings at the other end are arranged on the other half shell 11, one of the oil guide channel 1 111, the oil guide channel 2 112 and the oil guide channel 3 113 are arranged on one of the half shells 11, and the other oil guide channel 1 111, the oil guide channel 2 112 and the oil guide channel 3 113 are arranged on the other half shell 11. Preferably, two oil guide plates 114 are provided, which are correspondingly arranged on the inner walls of the two half-shells 11 and correspondingly located below the other ends of the two oil guide channels 113, and the end faces of the two oil guide plates 114 are in contact with each other. Based on this arrangement, the oil guide plates 114 can be integrally formed with the half-shells 11 in which they are located, reducing the difficulty of setting up the oil guide plates 114. After the two half-shells 11 are installed, a bridge for oil flow can be formed on the surfaces of the two oil guide plates 114 to ensure that the oil can flow along one of the oil guide plates 114 to the other oil guide plate 114, thereby ensuring the oil flow distribution of the two oil guide channels 113.
[0035] An oil separator plate 53 is installed on the side of the oil collecting and guiding device 5, at the bottom of the other end of the oil collecting port 51. The end of the oil separator plate 53 is overlapped with the oil guide plate 114. Oil flowing out of the other end of the oil collecting port 51 can flow directly through the oil separator plate 53 to the oil guide plate 114. This structure effectively guides the flow of oil, is simple, and has low installation difficulty. The end of the oil guide plate 114, which is away from the oil separator plate 53, is bent upward to intercept the oil, preventing it from flowing directly outward, thereby ensuring that the oil can effectively enter the oil guide channel 3 113.
[0036] The oil separator 53 is arc-shaped or V-shaped, which reduces the oil flowing out to the two sides of the oil separator 53 before the oil guide plate 114, and facilitates the oil to flow to the surface of the oil guide plate 114. The oil guide plate 114 overlapped with the oil separator 53 is provided with a groove that matches the shape of the end of the oil separator 53, such as Figure 7 As shown, the groove can accommodate the oil separator 53 so that the end of the oil separator 53 does not protrude from the surface of the oil guide plate 114, thereby preventing the two sides of the end of the oil separator 53 from blocking the lateral flow of oil along the surface of the oil guide plate 114.
[0037] In the present invention, when the reducer is in working posture, the oil collecting plate 52 and the oil dividing plate 53 are both arranged at an angle, the end of the oil collecting plate 52 facing the tooth surface of the main reduction gear 21 is higher than the end connected to the oil collecting port 51, and the end of the oil dividing plate 53 connected to the oil collecting port 51 is higher than the end facing the oil guide plate 114, so as to ensure that the oil can effectively flow along the set path.
[0038] The reducer housing 1 is also provided with an oil inlet hole 115. The other ends of the two oil guide channels 111 are connected to the oil inlet hole 115. The oil inlet hole 115 is provided on one of the half shells 11 and is located between the main reduction gear 21 and the inner wall of the half shell 11. The two oil guide channels 111 are connected to the interior of the reducer housing 1 through the oil inlet hole 115 and face the tooth surface of the main reduction gear 21.
[0039] The present invention also provides a reducer equipped with the aforementioned semi-active lubrication structure. Due to the aforementioned semi-active lubrication structure, the main reduction gear 21 can be used as a power source to carry oil from a low point within the reducer housing 1 to a high point, thereby increasing its gravitational potential energy. Furthermore, the oil collecting and guiding device 5, oil guide channel 1 111, oil guide channel 2 112, and oil guide channel 3 113 are combined to guide the flow of oil and rationally distribute the oil to each bearing area, ensuring that each bearing has a continuous supply of oil and is continuously and adequately lubricated. Furthermore, there is no need for accessories such as an oil pump and filter, simplifying the accessory layout design of the housing and significantly saving costs.
[0040] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of protection of the present application is limited to these examples. In line with the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.
[0041] The one or more embodiments of this application are intended to encompass all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A semi-active lubrication structure for a reducer, characterized in that: The invention comprises an oil collecting and guiding device (5) and two oil guiding holes (111), two oil guiding holes (112) and two oil guiding holes (113) provided on the reducer housing (1). One end of the two oil guiding holes (111) is connected to the mounting area of the bearings at both ends of the output shaft (2), and the other end is connected to the interior of the reducer housing (1) and faces the tooth surface of the main reduction gear (21); one end of the two oil guiding holes (112) is connected to the mounting area of the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft (3). The oil collecting and guiding device (5) is hollow and has two through holes. The oil collecting and guiding device (5) is provided in the reducer housing. Inside (1), the two ends of the oil collecting and guiding device (5) are connected to the other ends of the two oil guide holes (112) respectively, and an oil collecting port (51) is provided on the side surface of one end of the oil collecting and guiding device (5) corresponding to the oil throwing direction of the main reduction gear (21). An oil collecting plate (52) is provided at the bottom of one end of the oil collecting port (51). The oil collecting plate (52) is extended toward the tooth surface of the main reduction gear (21) and is used to receive the oil thrown out by the main reduction gear (21). One end of the two oil guide holes (113) is connected to the mounting area of the bearings at both ends of the input shaft (4), and the other end is connected to the other end of the oil collecting port (51).
2. The semi-active lubrication structure of the reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil collecting port (51) is provided with an oil collecting plate (52), the diameter of one end of which is larger than the diameter of the other end of the oil collecting port (51).
3. The semi-active lubrication structure of the reducer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The oil collecting plate (52) is arc-shaped or V-shaped.
4. The semi-active lubrication structure of the reducer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The other ends of the two oil guide channels (113) are connected to the other end of the oil collecting port (51) through the oil guide portion.
5. The semi-active lubrication structure of the reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The other ends of the two oil guide holes (113) are both connected to the interior of the reducer housing (1), and the oil guide portion is an oil guide plate (114). The oil guide plate (114) is arranged on the inner wall of the reducer housing (1) and is located below the other end of the oil guide hole (113).
6. The semi-active lubrication structure of the reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reducer housing (1) includes two half shells (11), wherein one oil guide channel (111), one oil guide channel (112) and one oil guide channel (113) are arranged on one of the half shells (11), and the other oil guide channel (111), one oil guide channel (112) and one oil guide channel (113) are arranged on the other half shell (11). Two oil guide plates (114) are provided, which are correspondingly arranged on the inner walls of the two half shells (11) and correspondingly located below the other ends of the two oil guide channels (113), and the end faces of the two oil guide plates (114) are in contact with each other.
7. The semi-active lubrication structure of the reducer according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: An oil separation plate (53) is provided on the side of the oil collecting and guiding device (5) at the bottom of the other end of the oil collecting port (51), the end of the oil separation plate (53) is overlapped and arranged on the oil guide plate (114), and the end of the oil guide plate (114) away from the oil separation plate (53) is bent upward.
8. The semi-active lubrication structure of the reducer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The oil separation plate (53) is arc-shaped or V-shaped, and the oil guide plate (114) overlapped with the oil separation plate (53) is provided with a groove that matches the shape of the end of the oil separation plate (53).
9. The semi-active lubrication structure of the reducer according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 6, and 8, characterized in that: The reducer housing (1) is also provided with an oil inlet hole (115), and the other ends of the two oil guide holes (111) are both connected to the oil inlet hole (115). The two oil guide holes (111) are connected to the interior of the reducer housing (1) through the oil inlet hole (115) and face the tooth surface of the main reduction gear (21).
10. A reducer, characterized in that: A semi-active lubrication structure for the reducer as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is provided.