Speed reducer and driving system
By incorporating bidirectional nozzles and a lubrication circuit design at the meshing points in the reducer, the problem of uneven lubrication at high speeds is solved, achieving stable operation of the reducer and extending gear life.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410484542.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-24
AI Technical Summary
As motor performance improves, the speed of the driving and driven gears in the reducer increases, making it difficult to meet the requirements for lubrication and cooling. Existing technologies suffer from uneven and insufficient lubrication, which can easily lead to gear damage and temperature rise.
Nozzles are installed on both sides of the meshing part of the driving gear and the driven gear to form a two-way active lubrication system. Uniform lubrication is achieved through the design of the lubrication oil circuit. Combined with the bypass component and oil cooler to regulate the lubricating oil temperature, the lubricating oil can be effectively supplied under different rotation directions.
It achieves uniform lubrication of gears in the reducer, extends gear life, suppresses temperature rise, and improves the stability and reliability of the reducer.
Smart Images
Figure CN120830723A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of reducer transmission, in particular to a reducer and a driving system comprising the same. BACKGROUND
[0002] The reducer is an important component in new energy engineering machinery such as new energy mine truck, and the speed change in the reducer is mainly achieved by the cooperation of the driving gear and the driven gear. In order to make the reducer work stably, the driving gear and the driven gear need to be fully lubricated and cooled to avoid failure due to insufficient lubrication or high temperature.
[0003] However, with the improvement of the performance of the motor, the speed of the motor is getting higher and higher, and the speed of the driving gear and the driven gear in the reducer is also getting higher and higher. High speed brings great challenges to the full lubrication and cooling of the gears in the reducer. SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure provides a reducer and a driving system comprising the same.
[0005] In the first aspect, the present disclosure provides a reducer, comprising a housing, a front cover, a driving gear and a driven gear arranged inside the housing; the driving gear and the driven gear are mutually engaged, and the driving gear can drive the driven gear to rotate; each engagement position of the driving gear and the driven gear is correspondingly provided with two nozzles, the two nozzles are located on both sides of the engagement position, and the two nozzles are both directed to the engagement position.
[0006] In some embodiments, the reducer further comprises a lubricating oil circuit, the lubricating oil circuit comprises a main oil circuit and a first branch oil circuit, each nozzle corresponds to a first branch oil circuit; one end of the first branch oil circuit is in communication with the main oil circuit, and the other end is provided with a nozzle interface; the nozzle is in communication with the first branch oil circuit through the nozzle interface.
[0007] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil circuit is arranged on the front cover.
[0008] In some embodiments, the reducer comprises four driving gears and one driven gear, and the four driving gears are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the driven gear.
[0009] In some embodiments, the main oil circuit comprises two main oil circuits extending in a first direction and two main oil circuits extending in a second direction, and each main oil circuit is in communication with each other at an intersection position; a first branch oil circuit extending in the first direction and a first branch oil circuit extending in the second direction are arranged at the vertex of each main oil circuit.
[0010] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil circuit further comprises an oil pump, an oil filter, and an oil cooler, and the lubricating oil sequentially passes through the oil pump, the oil filter, and the oil cooler to enter the main oil circuit.
[0011] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil circuit further comprises a bypass assembly, the bypass assembly comprising a bypass oil circuit, a temperature sensor, and a bypass valve; one end of the bypass oil circuit is in communication with the oil pump, and the other end is in communication with the main oil circuit;
[0012] The bypass valve is arranged on the bypass oil circuit, and when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the lubricating oil is lower than a preset temperature, the bypass valve is opened to conduct the bypass oil circuit; when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the lubricating oil is higher than the preset temperature, the bypass valve is closed to shut off the bypass oil circuit.
[0013] In some embodiments, the driving gear comprises a hollow input shaft arranged at the center of the driving gear; the hollow input shaft is fixed by a fixed bearing; the fixed bearing comprises a first bearing arranged on the side of the driving gear away from the front cover; the lubricating oil circuit further comprises a second branch oil circuit, one end of the second branch oil circuit is in communication with the first branch oil circuit, and the other end extends to the position of the hollow input shaft and is in communication with a long nozzle; the long nozzle extends through the hollow input shaft to the end of the driving gear away from the front cover, and the long nozzle is used to provide lubricating oil to the first bearing.
[0014] In some embodiments, a first oil hole is arranged on the hollow input shaft, and a first oil storage chamber is arranged on the side of the first bearing close to the driving gear, and the first oil hole is in communication with the first oil storage chamber.
[0015] In some embodiments, a bearing cover plate is arranged on the side of the first bearing close to the driving gear, and the bearing cover plate, the first bearing, and the hollow input shaft enclose the first oil storage chamber.
[0016] In some embodiments, the hollow input shaft is connected with a driving shaft of the motor; a counterbore structure is arranged on the end face of the driving shaft close to the driving gear, at least one second oil hole is arranged on the peripheral wall of the counterbore structure; a second oil storage chamber is arranged on the side of the first bearing away from the driving gear, and the second oil hole is in communication with the second oil storage chamber.
[0017] In some embodiments, the fixed bearing further comprises a second bearing arranged on the side of the driving gear close to the front cover, and a third oil hole is arranged on the second branch oil circuit corresponding to the position of the second bearing, for providing lubricating oil to the second bearing.
[0018] In some embodiments, the first bearing comprises a pair of angular contact ball bearings, and the second bearing comprises a deep groove ball bearing.
[0019] In some embodiments, the driven gear is fixed by a third bearing arranged on a side of the driven gear away from the front cover; the lubricating oil path further comprises a third branch oil path arranged on the front cover and the housing; one end of the third branch oil path is in communication with the main oil path, and the other end extends to a position of the third bearing on the side of the driven gear away from the front cover, for supplying lubricating oil to the third bearing.
[0020] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a connecting hole through which a driving shaft of the motor is coupled with the driving gear; a sealing ring is arranged at the connecting hole.
[0021] In the second aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a drive system, which comprises a motor and a reducer, and the reducer is the reducer of the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0022] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by arranging nozzles on both sides of the meshing part, the driving gear and the driven gear can be fully lubricated no matter which direction the driving gear rotates; two nozzles are arranged at the meshing part of each driving gear and driven gear, which can realize uniform lubrication of the gears and other components in the reducer, is conducive to avoiding damage to the gears, prolonging the service life of the gears, effectively inhibiting temperature rise, and improving the stability of the reducer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a reducer in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the outside of a front cover of a lubricating oil path in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the inside of a front cover of a lubricating oil path in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a bypass oil path in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of lubricating a bearing in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] Figure 6 is Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of lubricating a bearing in the embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] In order to enable persons skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the technical solutions of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
[0030] In the following, example embodiments will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which example embodiments can be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided as a full and enabling disclosure of the present disclosure, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the skilled in the art.
[0031] In the case of no conflict, each embodiment of the present disclosure and each feature in the embodiments can be combined with each other.
[0032] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0033] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0034] The embodiments described herein can be described with reference to plan views and / or cross-sectional views by virtue of the present disclosure being idealized schematic illustrations. Thus, the example illustrations can be modified according to manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Therefore, the embodiments are not limited to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, but include modifications based on manufacturing processes. Thus, the regions illustrated in the drawings have schematic properties, and the shapes of the regions shown in the drawings do not intend to be restrictive, but illustrate the specific shapes of the regions of the elements.
[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an overly literal or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
[0036] In some related technologies, the driving gear and driven gear in the reducer are lubricated using passive lubrication. For example, the driving gear, driven gear, bearings and other components located at the bottom of the reducer are immersed in lubricating oil to a certain depth. The driving gear, driven gear, bearings and other components immersed in the lubricating oil rotate at high speed to stir the lubricating oil, thereby achieving splash lubrication of the gears, bearings and other components located at the top of the reducer. However, splash lubrication has limitations on the immersion depth of the components, the oil supply is difficult to adjust, and there are problems with uneven and insufficient lubrication. Under conditions of high input speed, large stirring losses will be generated, and there will also be problems such as excessive temperature rise.
[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a reducer in an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of a reducer in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0038] like Figure 1 、 Figure 5 As shown, the reducer includes a front cover 1, a housing 2, a driving gear 3 and a driven gear 4 arranged inside the housing 2; the driving gear 3 and the driven gear 4 are meshed with each other, and the driving gear 3 can drive the driven gear 4 to rotate; two nozzles 5 are correspondingly provided at the meshing position of each driving gear 3 and the driven gear 4, and the two nozzles 5 are respectively located on both sides of the meshing position, and both nozzles 5 point to the meshing position.
[0039] In the disclosed embodiment, nozzles 5 are provided on either side of the meshing portion of the driving gear 3 and the driven gear 4 to achieve bidirectional active lubrication of the driving gear 3 and the driven gear 4. As the driving gear 3 rotates in different directions and drives the driven gear 4 to rotate, the force-bearing surfaces of the meshing portion of the driving gear 3 and the driven gear 4 also change. By providing bidirectional active lubrication through the two nozzles 5 provided on either side of the meshing portion, sufficient lubricating oil is always available for lubrication regardless of which side the force-bearing surfaces of the gears are located on.
[0040] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, nozzles 5 are respectively provided on both sides of the meshing portion, so that the driving gear 3 and the driven gear 4 can be fully lubricated regardless of the direction in which the driving gear 3 rotates; two nozzles 5 are provided at the meshing portion of each driving gear 3 and the driven gear 4, which can achieve uniform lubrication of gears and other components in the reducer, which is beneficial to avoid gear damage, extend gear life, effectively suppress temperature rise, and improve the stability of the reducer.
[0041] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the reducer further includes a lubricating oil circuit. Figure 2 and Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a lubricating oil circuit in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of the oil path, where: Figure 2The lubricating oil path shown on the outer side of the front cover 1, Figure 3 The lubricating oil path shown on the inner side of the front cover 1.
[0042] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the lubricating oil path includes a main oil path, a first branch oil path, and each nozzle 5 corresponds to a first branch oil path; one end of the first branch oil path is communicated with the main oil path, and the other end is provided with a nozzle interface 51; the nozzle 5 is communicated with the first branch oil path through the nozzle interface 51.
[0043] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the lubricating oil path is arranged on the front cover 1.
[0044] The structure of the housing 2 of the speed reducer is relatively complex, usually has a large depth-diameter ratio, and the machining difficulty is large. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil path is integrated on the front cover 1 of the speed reducer, which is beneficial to reduce the machining difficulty of the lubricating oil path, ensure the machining precision and quality of the lubricating oil path, and further ensure the lubricating oil injection precision and stability of the nozzle 5.
[0045] The specific structure of the speed reducer is not specially limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0046] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 to 3 , the speed reducer includes four driving gears 3 and one driven gear 4, and the four driving gears 3 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the driven gear 4. The driving gear 3 serves as an input gear and is used to be coupled with the driving shaft of the motor; the driven gear 4 serves as an output gear and is connected with the output shaft. The meshing part of each driving gear 3 and driven gear 4 is provided with two nozzles 5, and bidirectional oil injection can be realized for the meshing part of each driving gear 3 and driven gear 4, so as to realize bidirectional active lubrication.
[0047] The specific structure of the speed reducer is not specially limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0048] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 , the main oil path includes two main oil paths extending in the first direction, two main oil paths extending in the second direction, and each main oil path is communicated with each other at the intersection position; the vertex of each main oil path is provided with a first branch oil path extending in the first direction and a first branch oil path extending in the second direction.
[0049] As shown in Figure 2 , the lubricating oil path further includes an oil pump 61, an oil filter 62, and an oil cooler 63, and the lubricating oil sequentially passes through the oil pump 61, the oil filter 62, and the oil cooler 63 to enter the main oil path.
[0050] In some embodiments, the oil pump 61 is an electronic oil pump.
[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the lubricating oil circuit also includes a bypass component, which includes a bypass oil circuit ( Figure 4 The bypass oil circuit is connected to the oil pump 61 at one end and to the main oil circuit at the other. The bypass valve is located on the bypass oil circuit. When the temperature sensor detects that the lubricating oil temperature is below a preset temperature, the bypass valve opens to connect the bypass oil circuit. Due to the high pressure in the oil filter 62 and oil cooler 63, when the bypass oil circuit is connected to the main oil circuit, the lubricating oil will primarily enter the main oil circuit through the bypass oil circuit, with no or only a small amount of lubricating oil entering the oil filter 62 and oil cooler 63. When the temperature sensor detects that the lubricating oil temperature is above a preset temperature, the bypass valve closes to shut off the bypass oil circuit.
[0052] When the temperature is low, the lubricating oil may not be able to pass through the oil filter 62 and the oil cooler 63 smoothly and enter the main oil circuit due to its high viscosity, and it will not be able to reach the nozzle 5 smoothly to fully lubricate the gears, which can easily cause gear wear or temperature damage. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by setting a bypass assembly, when the temperature is low, the bypass valve is opened, and the oil pump 61 is connected to the main oil circuit through the bypass oil circuit. The lubricating oil can directly enter the main oil circuit through the bypass oil circuit without passing through the oil filter 62 and the oil cooler 63, so that the gears can be fully lubricated even under low temperature conditions. When the temperature of the lubricating oil rises above the preset temperature, the bypass valve will shut off the bypass oil circuit, and the lubricating oil will enter the main oil circuit through the oil pump 61, the oil filter 62, and the oil cooler 63.
[0053] Figure 5 and Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of lubricating a bearing in an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein: Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the oil circuit for lubricating the bearings.
[0054] like Figure 5 、 Figure 6 As shown, the driving gear 3 includes a hollow input shaft 31 arranged in the center of the driving gear 3; the hollow input shaft 31 is fixed by a fixed bearing; the fixed bearing includes a first bearing 7 arranged on the side of the driving gear 3 away from the front cover 1; the lubricating oil circuit also includes a second branch oil circuit, one end of the second branch oil circuit is connected to the first branch oil circuit, and the other end extends to the position of the hollow input shaft 31 and is connected to the long nozzle 8; the long nozzle 8 passes through the hollow input shaft 31 and extends to the end of the driving gear 3 away from the front cover 1, and the long nozzle 8 is used to provide lubricating oil to the first bearing 7.
[0055] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the input shaft of the input gear is provided as a hollow structure, and the long nozzle 8 penetrates through the hollow structure of the input shaft to lubricate the first bearing 7 located on the side of the driving gear 3 away from the bonnet 1, without the need to open an oil passage on the housing 2, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process of the housing 2 and facilitating the improvement of the oil supply accuracy and stability of the lubrication of the first bearing 7.
[0056] As shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6 , the hollow input shaft 31 is provided with a first oil hole 311, and the first bearing 7 is provided with a first oil storage chamber 91 on the side close to the driving gear 3, and the first oil hole 311 is in communication with the first oil storage chamber 91.
[0057] Figure 6 The arrow indicates the flow direction of the lubricating oil. When the hollow input shaft 31 rotates, the lubricating oil will enter the first oil hole 311 under the action of centrifugal force, and then enter the first oil storage chamber 91. During the rotation of the hollow input shaft 31, lubricating oil continuously enters the first oil storage chamber 91, thereby realizing the continuous lubrication and cooling of the first bearing 7.
[0058] As shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6 , the first bearing 7 is provided with a bearing cover plate 71 on the side close to the driving gear 3, and the bearing cover plate 71, the first bearing 7 and the hollow input shaft 31 enclose the first oil storage chamber 91. The bearing cover plate 71 plays a role of collecting oil.
[0059] As shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6 , the hollow input shaft 31 is connected with the driving shaft 10 of the motor; the end face of the driving shaft 10 close to the driving gear 3 is provided with a counterbore structure 101, at least one second oil hole 102 is arranged on the peripheral wall of the counterbore structure 101; the first bearing 7 is provided with a second oil storage chamber 92 on the side away from the driving gear 3, and the second oil hole 102 is in communication with the second oil storage chamber 92.
[0060] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the long nozzle 8 penetrates through the hollow input shaft 31 and extends into the counterbore structure 101 of the driving shaft 10. The low-temperature lubricating oil is sprayed into the counterbore structure 101 of the driving shaft 10 through the long nozzle 8. When the driving shaft 10 rotates, the lubricating oil in the counterbore structure 101 enters the second oil hole 102 under the action of centrifugal force, and then enters the second oil storage chamber 92. During the rotation of the driving shaft 10, lubricating oil continuously enters the second oil storage chamber 92, thereby realizing the continuous lubrication and cooling of the first bearing 7.
[0061] As shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, a first oil storage chamber 91 is arranged on the left side of the first bearing 7, and a second oil storage chamber 92 is arranged on the right side of the first bearing 7, so that the left and right sides of the first bearing 7 are continuously lubricated by lubricating oil, and the left and right sides of the first bearing 7 can be fully lubricated.
[0062] In some embodiments, the bearing outer ring shoulder, the oil retaining plate, and the outer skeleton oil seal on one side of the driving shaft 10 form the second oil storage chamber 92.
[0063] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the fixed bearing further includes a second bearing arranged on one side of the driving gear 3 close to the front cover 1, and the second branch oil path is provided with a third oil hole at a position corresponding to the second bearing, for providing lubricating oil to the second bearing.
[0064] In some embodiments, the reducer input shaft rotary support adopts a form of one end floating and one end fixed, the first bearing 7 close to the driving shaft 10 adopts a pair of matched angular contact ball bearings, and the second bearing close to one end of the driving gear 3 adopts a deep groove ball bearing.
[0065] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by adding a long nozzle 8 and cooperating with the oil path design, the cooled lubricating oil is accurately and continuously sent to the fixed bearing, so that the fixed bearing is continuously lubricated and cooled by sufficient cooling circulating oil.
[0066] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the driven gear 4 is fixed by a third bearing arranged on the side of the driven gear 4 away from the front cover 1; the lubricating oil path further includes a third branch oil path arranged on the front cover 1 and the shell 2; one end of the third branch oil path is in communication with the main oil path, and the other end extends to a position of the third bearing on the side of the driven gear 4 away from the front cover 1, for providing lubricating oil to the third bearing.
[0067] As shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6 In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the shell 2 is provided with a connecting hole, the driving shaft 10 of the motor passes through the connecting hole and is coupled with the driving gear 3; and a sealing ring 11 (oil seal) is arranged at the connecting hole.
[0068] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the oil seal is arranged at the connecting hole, which can prevent the reducer from leaking oil and avoid the influence of the leaked lubricating oil of the reducer on the motor.
[0069] In some embodiments, the shell 2 includes a skeleton, and the skeleton is provided with reinforcing ribs on the side close to the front cover 1; a plurality of reinforcing ribs enclose a plurality of square grooves, and the skeleton is provided with through holes corresponding to the square grooves.
[0070] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a driving system, which includes a motor and a reducer, and the reducer is the reducer of the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0071] It is to be understood that the terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing the particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. It is also possible in some instances, depending on the intended applications, to implement the described concepts in different speeds, sequences, or omits, and / or with different components, or parts, than those described in the detailed description and illustrated in the drawings. It is to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications that would still fall within the scope of the disclosure. In the description of the disclosure, the term "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or attribute described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment or example of the disclosure. The illustrative appearances of the terms "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in an illustrative embodiment," "in some illustrative embodiments," or "in some examples" in various places in the description are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment or example of the disclosure.
[0072] Example embodiments have been disclosed herein and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. In some instances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment can be used independently, or in some instances in combination with other embodiments, unless expressly otherwise indicated. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the disclosure is broad ly applicable and can be practiced in a variety of forms and details, without departing from the scope of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A speed reducer comprising a housing, a front cover, a driving gear and a driven gear arranged inside the housing; the driving gear and the driven gear are in mutual engagement, the driving gear can drive the driven gear to rotate; characterized in that, Each meshing position of the driving gear and the driven gear is correspondingly provided with two nozzles, the two nozzles are located on both sides of the meshing position, and the two nozzles are both directed to the meshing position.
2. The speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized by The speed reducer further comprises a lubricating oil circuit, the lubricating oil circuit comprises a main oil circuit and a first branch oil circuit, each nozzle corresponds to a first branch oil circuit; one end of the first branch oil circuit is in communication with the main oil circuit, and the other end is provided with a nozzle interface; the nozzle is in communication with the first branch oil circuit through the nozzle interface.
3. The speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized by The lubricating oil circuit is arranged on the front cover.
4. The speed reducer according to claim 3, characterized by The speed reducer comprises four driving gears and one driven gear, and the four driving gears are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the driven gear.
5. The speed reducer according to claim 4, characterized by The main oil circuit comprises two main oil circuits extending in a first direction and two main oil circuits extending in a second direction, and each main oil circuit is in communication with each other at an intersection position; a first branch oil circuit extending in the first direction and a first branch oil circuit extending in the second direction are arranged at the vertex of each main oil circuit.
6. The speed reducer according to claim 5, characterized by The lubricating oil circuit further comprises an oil pump, an oil filter and an oil cooler, and the lubricating oil enters the main oil circuit in sequence through the oil pump, the oil filter and the oil cooler.
7. The speed reducer according to claim 6, characterized by The lubricating oil circuit further comprises a bypass assembly, the bypass assembly comprises a bypass oil circuit, a temperature sensor and a bypass valve; one end of the bypass oil circuit is in communication with the oil pump, and one end is in communication with the main oil circuit; The bypass valve is arranged on the bypass oil circuit, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the lubricating oil is lower than a preset temperature, the bypass valve is opened to conduct the bypass oil circuit; when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the lubricating oil is higher than the preset temperature, the bypass valve is closed to shut off the bypass oil circuit.
8. The speed reducer according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized by The driving gear comprises a hollow input shaft arranged at the center of the driving gear; the hollow input shaft is fixed by a fixed bearing; the fixed bearing comprises a first bearing arranged on the side of the driving gear away from the front cover; the lubricating oil circuit further comprises a second branch oil circuit, one end of the second branch oil circuit is in communication with the first branch oil circuit, and the other end extends to the position of the hollow input shaft and is in communication with a long nozzle; the long nozzle extends through the hollow input shaft to the end of the driving gear away from the front cover, and the long nozzle is used for providing lubricating oil to the first bearing.
9. The speed reducer of claim 8, wherein A first oil hole is arranged on the hollow input shaft, and a first oil storage chamber is arranged on the side of the first bearing close to the driving gear; the first oil hole is in communication with the first oil storage chamber.
10. The speed reducer of claim 9, wherein The first bearing is provided with a bearing cover plate on the side close to the driving gear, and the bearing cover plate, the first bearing and the hollow input shaft enclose the first oil storage chamber.
11. The speed reducer of claim 9, wherein The hollow input shaft is connected with a driving shaft of a motor; a counterbore structure is arranged on the end face of the driving shaft close to the driving gear, at least one second oil hole is arranged on the peripheral wall of the counterbore structure; a second oil storage chamber is arranged on the side of the first bearing away from the driving gear, and the second oil hole is in communication with the second oil storage chamber.
12. The speed reducer of claim 8, wherein The fixed bearing further comprises a second bearing arranged on the side of the driving gear close to the front cover, and the second branch oil path is provided with a third oil hole corresponding to the position of the second bearing, for supplying lubricating oil to the second bearing.
13. The speed reducer of claim 12, wherein The first bearing comprises a pair of angular contact ball bearings, and the second bearing comprises a deep groove ball bearing.
14. The speed reducer according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized by The driven gear is fixed by a third bearing arranged on the side of the driven gear away from the front cover; the lubricating oil path further comprises a third branch oil path arranged on the front cover and the housing; one end of the third branch oil path is in communication with the main oil path, and the other end extends to the position of the third bearing on the side of the driven gear away from the front cover, for supplying lubricating oil to the third bearing.
15. The speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by The housing is provided with a connecting hole through which the driving shaft of the motor is coupled with the driving gear; and a sealing ring is arranged at the connecting hole.
16. A drive system comprising an electric machine and a speed reducer, characterized by The speed reducer is the speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 15.