Fixing method for upper and lower concrete canopy with clamping brick-concrete structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for fixing an upper and lower concrete canopy with a clamping brick-concrete structure. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of a, designing a mounting system of the cantilever light steel canopy with the brick-concrete structure, b, manufacturing two pairs of reinforcing steel plates, c, fixing fastening bolts and the reinforcing steel plates, d, fixing supporting angle steel and the reinforcing steel plates, and completing fixation of the cantilever light steel canopy with the brick-concrete structure. The fixing method for the cantilever light steel canopy of the brick-concrete structure has the advantages that the fixing device of the light steel canopy is simple in structure and convenient to manufacture, the supporting angle steel, the reinforcing steel plate and the brick-concrete wall body form a whole through the fastening bolts, construction is easy and convenient, adjustability is high, and the construction efficiency of the light steel canopy is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a rain shelter, specifically a method for fixing a rain shelter with upper and lower concrete clamps and a brick-concrete structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of industrialized construction, light steel structure canopies, with their advantages of light weight, high strength, and short construction period, are gradually replacing traditional concrete or masonry canopies. Anchoring components should be selected according to the type of main structure (concrete, steel, or brick-concrete): expansion bolts or chemical anchors can be used for concrete structures; steel structures can be directly welded or bolted; and brick-concrete structures require a concrete ring beam for steel plate anchoring.

[0003] Currently, in residential structural design, to highlight the layering and variability of concrete lines and the connectivity of frame structures, multi-story buildings often use brick-concrete structures for their exterior walls. This results in light steel canopies mostly being cantilevered. Furthermore, to ensure that light steel canopies in the same area have the same elevation, they are often fixed to brick-concrete structures. The core issue with cantilevered light steel canopies in brick-concrete structures is the reliability of connection nodes and the balance of wall stress. Traditional expansion bolt anchoring is prone to insufficient grip due to the looseness of the brick-concrete wall material, leading to loosening under repeated wind loads. For example, in existing technologies, several publicly available solutions exist for the safe fixing of brick-concrete canopies. For instance, Chinese patent CN206489405U discloses a method for reinforcing walls by connecting inner and outer steel plates with through-wall bolts, but this method mainly uses inner and outer wall clamping reinforcement and does not consider the canopy's stress direction, wind load, and the structural characteristics of the upper and lower concrete layers. For example, Chinese patent CN209658408U discloses a support structure for cantilevered canopies in buildings, which uses angle steel and channel steel welded together to form nodes for use in newly constructed walls. However, it does not address the design of the force path between upper and lower layers in a brick-concrete structure, nor does it solve the problem of insufficient bonding strength in old brick walls. Another example is Chinese patent CN203675878U, which discloses a method for directly anchoring canopies using chemical anchors or expansion bolts. This method is suitable for brick or concrete walls, but it is difficult to guarantee long-term secure fixation when the brick-concrete wall is loose or lacks strength.

[0004] In existing building standards and construction manuals, the common practices mainly include the following two: Firstly, the node construction examples in the "Residential Building Standard Design Atlas" 08J927-1 "Structural Construction of Residential Balconies and Awnings" typically require the installation of reinforced concrete ring beams or lintels in the brick-concrete exterior walls as the foundation for awning anchorage. These are then integrally formed with the ring beams using pre-embedded reinforcing bars or chemical anchors. While this method ensures reliable structural load-bearing capacity, the construction process requires adding or reinforcing concrete ring beams, involving wet work, a long construction period, high costs, and potential damage to the original exterior wall insulation and decorative layers.

[0005] Secondly, Chapter 18-18.4.2 of the fifth edition of the *Construction Handbook* (China Building Industry Press, 2012) clearly states in its section on anchor bolt construction that expansion anchors are suitable for concrete or high-strength brick wall substrates, and the bond strength of the brick must be fully considered during the design process; on loose brick walls, it is not recommended to use a single expansion anchor to fix heavy-duty components. Although chemical anchors or expansion bolts are relatively easy to install, in actual brick-concrete structures, due to insufficient substrate strength and integrity, they are prone to loosening, slippage, or even failure, making it difficult to ensure the safety and stability of the canopy under high wind loads or long-term use conditions.

[0006] Therefore, the aforementioned common fixing methods in the existing technology generally suffer from problems such as complex construction, high cost, long construction period, insufficient load-bearing capacity in brick and concrete walls, and easy loosening and failure, making it difficult to meet the requirements for safe, economical, simple, and durable fixing of light steel canopies. Thus, the known canopy fixing methods have all the aforementioned inconveniences and problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to propose a safer, more reliable, adaptable, and simpler method for fixing cantilevered light steel canopies, which is designed for the layered clamping characteristics of upper and lower concrete strips in brick-concrete structures. This method overcomes the problems of traditional anchoring methods in the prior art, which are prone to loosening and have limited load-bearing capacity when the brick-concrete wall material is loose and the gripping force is insufficient.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution proposed by this invention is: A method for fixing a cantilevered light steel canopy with upper and lower concrete clamping type brick-concrete structure includes the following steps: a. Design of a cantilevered light steel canopy installation system for brick-concrete structures. This installation system utilizes the structural characteristics of the upper and lower concrete layers on the brick-concrete exterior wall. Two pairs of parallel reinforcing steel plates are set between the upper and lower concrete walls, and clamped and fixed by multiple sets of through-bolts, thereby forming a circumferential clamping force path between the wall layers, overcoming the problem of easy loosening of unilateral anchoring.

[0009] b. Fabricate two pairs of reinforcing steel plates. Based on the height of the brick wall and the position of the upper and lower concrete layers in the brick-concrete wall, two pairs of long rectangular reinforcing steel plates are customized. Each of the upper and lower ends of the reinforcing steel plates is provided with bolt holes. Four or more sets of through bolts are inserted and clamped between the upper and lower concrete walls to achieve a firm and reliable circumferential constraint. The two pairs of steel plates arranged side by side can be adjusted according to the width of the canopy to adapt to different construction sites.

[0010] c. The supporting angle steel is centrally positioned and welded to the middle of the two pairs of reinforcing steel plates. The supporting angle steel is 50*50mm in size and is connected to the reinforcing steel plates by circumferential welding. This ensures that the overall node has high rigidity and shear resistance, avoids eccentric stress or local deformation of the node, and improves the stability and durability of the structure.

[0011] d. Anti-loosening and protective treatment of fastening bolts: The two ends of the fastening bolts are tightened with nuts and then welded to the reinforcing steel plate to prevent loosening under wind load and during long-term use. The bolt holes are sealed to prevent rainwater from seeping into the wall, causing corrosion or damage to the insulation layer, and to ensure the long-term durability of the joint.

[0012] The fixing method of the present invention can also be further implemented using the following technical measures: The thickness of the reinforcing steel plate is preferably ≥10mm to meet the high strength load-bearing requirements; The overlap length between the reinforcing steel plate and the upper and lower concrete walls is ≥200mm to ensure sufficient anchorage length and force transfer. The bolt hole diameter is ≥14mm to facilitate bolt insertion and installation adjustment; After the reinforcement steel plates are installed, they are treated with rust prevention and then concealed within the exterior wall decoration layer, ensuring both aesthetics and extended service life.

[0013] After adopting the above solution, the present invention has the following significant technical effects: By fully utilizing the high strength characteristics of the upper and lower concrete strips, and forming a circumferential force path by clamping two pairs of parallel steel plates with bolts, the overall force performance of the fixed node is greatly improved. The centrally welded supporting angle steel and the surrounding welding process ensure the shear and torsional stiffness of the node, avoiding the defects of traditional unidirectional stress nodes that are prone to deformation and loosening. Modular design and standardized parameters simplify the construction process, making it suitable for the installation and renovation of canopies in old brick-concrete buildings. It avoids the need to build new ring beams or carry out large-scale demolition and renovation, and has good economic efficiency and feasibility. The detailed design, including features such as anti-loosening, anti-water seepage, and anti-rust, ensures the long-term durability and safe use of the joints.

[0014] Specifically, the fixing method of the present invention makes full use of the original upper and lower concrete strips in the brick-concrete structure exterior wall. By setting up reinforcing connecting components between the upper and lower strips and forming a circumferential clamping force path through multiple sets of fastening connectors, the load of the light steel canopy is safely and reliably transferred within the wall, avoiding the problems of loosening and failure caused by the traditional single-sided anchoring method when the brick-concrete wall is loose and the gripping force is insufficient.

[0015] Compared with the complex reinforcement methods commonly used in existing technologies, such as adding new concrete ring beams, hanging external steel structure frames, or large-scale demolition and modification, this invention uses common metal materials such as steel plates, bolts, and angle steel, and combines them with construction technology that allows for pre-embedding or pre-reserving holes. It can complete the installation without damaging the original external wall insulation layer and decorative layer. The construction process is simple and quick, with fewer procedures and strong adaptability, making it particularly suitable for the addition or renovation of canopies in old buildings.

[0016] Furthermore, through detailed measures such as anti-loosening fixing design, waterproof sealing of bolt holes, and anti-rust and waterproof coating of welded joints, this invention significantly improves the long-term durability and safety of the joints. It achieves the same fixing load-bearing capacity and protective effect as traditional complex solutions under the conditions of low construction cost and simple structural design, and has good economic efficiency, promotion value and engineering practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation system structure of a brick-concrete cantilevered light steel canopy according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of a light steel canopy in a brick-concrete structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Supporting angle steel, 2. Reinforcing steel plate, 3. Fastening bolts, 4. Concrete wall, 5. Light steel canopy, 6. Brick wall. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0020] Example 1 The installation sequence of the brick-concrete structure cantilevered light steel canopy fixing method of the present invention is as follows: 1) Determine the fixing position of the light steel canopy, 2) Make a reinforcing steel plate according to the width of the brick wall, 3) Tighten the bolts to fix the reinforcing steel plate, 4) Support the angle steel to fix the reinforcing steel plate, 5) Fix the light steel canopy, 6) Rust prevention and decoration of the reinforcing steel plate.

[0021] Please see now Figure 1 and Figure 2 The method for fixing a cantilevered light steel canopy in a brick-concrete structure according to the present invention includes the following steps: 1) Design of a brick-concrete structure cantilevered light steel canopy installation system The brick-concrete structure cantilevered light steel canopy installation system consists of concrete walls, brick walls, reinforcing steel plates, fastening bolts, supporting angle steel, and the light steel canopy. The top and bottom surfaces of the brick walls are concrete. The light steel canopy is fixed to the reinforcing steel plates, which are secured to the concrete structure using top and bottom fastening bolts. Supporting angle steel is welded to the middle of the reinforcing steel plates to enhance their overall rigidity.

[0022] 2) Light steel canopy structure at the brick-concrete structure Based on the height of the brick wall at the brick-concrete wall location, after positioning the light steel canopy 5, ensure that the distance between the light steel canopy and the edge of the concrete wall is 240mm. Install 10mm thick rectangular reinforcing steel plates on both sides of the brick wall, extending 200mm vertically into the concrete wall. Secure each end of the reinforcing steel plate to the concrete wall using four Φ12 bolts.

[0023] Two 50*50mm support angle steels 1 are used to support the two reinforcing steel plates 2. The support angle steels are set 50mm above and below the light steel canopy and are welded to the reinforcing steel plates.

[0024] The reinforcing steel plate must extend into the concrete wall area and must not be fixed to the brick wall. It must meet the shear force and stress balance requirements of the wall. The fixing of the reinforcing steel plate should be completed before the exterior wall plastering and exterior wall insulation construction, and rust prevention treatment should be applied to ensure that the reinforcing steel plate is concealed within the exterior wall decoration.

[0025] 3) Fastening bolts to fix the reinforcing steel plate The reinforcing steel plate is fixed to the concrete wall by four Φ12 fastening bolts 3. Before the bolts pass through, bolt holes with a diameter of Φ14 need to be drilled in the concrete wall 4. Nuts are used to tighten the bolts on both sides. After tightening, the bolts are welded to the reinforcing steel plate to prevent loosening later. The length of the bolt thread exposed to the nut should not exceed 3mm.

[0026] The fastening bolts are positioned at the four corners of the reinforcing steel plate, 50mm from the edge of the steel plate, with a bolt spacing of 100mm.

[0027] The fastening bolts are installed by passing through bolt holes in the concrete wall and tightening them onto the reinforcing steel plate with nuts. The nut circumference is then welded to the steel plate for permanent fixation. The bolt holes are slightly larger than the fastening bolts by 1-2 mm, and the opening of the bolt hole must be sealed after passing through.

[0028] 4) Fixing the supporting angle steel to the reinforcing steel plate The supporting angle steel has a specification of 50*50mm, penetrates the brick wall and is perpendicularly butted to the reinforcing steel plates on both sides, and is fully welded around the perimeter. The supporting angle steel is positioned centrally on the reinforcing steel plate.

[0029] The supporting angle steel is positioned above and below the light steel canopy, and both ends are firmly welded to the reinforcing steel plate. It must be ensured that it is perpendicular to the reinforcing steel plate. After penetrating the brick wall, the gap must be filled tightly. If the distance between the reinforcing angle steel and the concrete wall is greater than 300mm, additional reinforcing angle steel should be added for reinforcement.

[0030] This invention has substantial features and significant technological advancements. The method for fixing cantilevered light steel canopies in brick-concrete structures is applicable to the fixing of light steel canopies in all brick-concrete structures in residential building projects. By setting reinforcing steel plates on both sides of the brick-concrete wall, and using fastening bolts and supporting angle steel, the reinforcing steel plates are integrated with the brick-concrete wall. The light steel canopy is then directly fixed to the reinforcing steel plates. The construction is simple, highly adjustable, and greatly improves the construction efficiency of light steel canopies.

[0031] Example 2 (Transformation Example) The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to the present invention can also be modified according to different engineering needs.

[0032] In this embodiment, the layered clamping characteristics of the upper and lower concrete walls 4 are also used. Two pairs of reinforcing steel plates 2 are used to achieve bidirectional clamping and fixing of the brick wall 6. However, the design of the reinforcing steel plates 2 can add longitudinal stiffening ribs at the middle or end positions to improve shear and bending stiffness and prevent the steel plates from bending and deforming under high loads or large span canopies 5.

[0033] The thickness of the reinforcing steel plate 2 can be selected from 10mm to 16mm according to the design load. The length is overlapped according to the actual position of the upper and lower concrete strips. The overlap length can be ≥200mm to ensure that the entire stress area is anchored in the concrete layer.

[0034] In this embodiment, the fastening bolts 3 can be arranged not only vertically through each other, but also obliquely through some bolts to enhance the decomposition and transmission of shear force and avoid local stress concentration in the wall caused by a single force direction. The number of bolt holes can be set to 4 to 6 per end according to design requirements, and the hole diameter can be 14mm to 20mm.

[0035] Two or more supporting angle steels 1 can be installed, and their arrangement can be offset vertically according to the wall thickness, the position of the insulation layer, and the width of the canopy 5. The connection method between the supporting angle steel 1 and the reinforcing steel plate 2 can be continuous welding around the perimeter or intermittent welding at multiple points. A rust-proof primer layer and a high-elasticity waterproof coating can also be applied to the welding joints of the angle steel 1 to enhance durability and corrosion resistance.

[0036] The anti-loosening connection between the nut and the reinforcing steel plate 2 can be fixed by welding, or by using anti-loosening washers, a double nut structure, or by adding a polymer anti-loosening coating, depending on the construction conditions. The bolt holes can be sealed with high-elasticity waterproof sealant or rubber sealing plugs to prevent rainwater penetration and corrosion of the steel plate or wall.

[0037] In terms of construction procedures, this embodiment can first embed reinforcing steel plates 2 or reserve bolt holes during the main structure construction stage. After the outer wall masonry is completed, the canopy 5 is installed and welded to the angle steel 1 to ensure the coordination between the canopy installation and the construction of the outer wall insulation and decorative layer, reduce the risk of rework and improve construction efficiency.

[0038] This embodiment further enhances the overall load-bearing capacity, durability, and construction adaptability of the canopy nodes by introducing stiffening rib design, diagonal bolt arrangement, optional waterproof and rust-proof coating, and pre-embedded or reserved construction procedures. It is particularly suitable for diverse building engineering needs with different floor heights, exterior wall thicknesses, and wind load levels.

[0039] This invention has been applied in the Xiejiaji shantytown renovation project in Huainan City. Through the structural design of upper and lower concrete layers sandwiching and reinforcing steel plates and centrally supporting angle steel, it effectively solves the problem of insufficient anchoring force of brick-concrete walls and improves the overall stability of the fixed nodes of the canopy.

[0040] The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of this invention and are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for fixing a concrete-framed brick-concrete canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: At least one pair of reinforcing connecting members (2) are provided between the upper and lower concrete strips (4) of the brick-concrete structure wall (6). The reinforcing connecting members (2) are clamped and fixed in the concrete strip (4) by fastening connecting members (3), thereby forming a circumferential force path in the wall to efficiently transfer the load of the canopy (5) and improve the anti-loosening performance. A connecting support member (1) is provided at the load-bearing position of the reinforcing connecting member (2). The connecting support member (1) and the reinforcing connecting member (2) are connected by welding or other means to form a high-rigidity connection to share the shear force and bending moment and improve the overall stability of the node. The two ends of the fastening connecting member (3) are fixed to prevent loosening, and the bolt holes are protected and sealed to prevent rainwater penetration and corrosion.

2. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fastening connector (3) is installed through the vertical direction or through the oblique direction in some positions to achieve shear force decomposition and transmission and force distribution optimization.

3. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reinforcing connection member (2) is provided with longitudinal stiffening ribs according to the design load requirements, which are used to improve the overall bending and shear stiffness and adapt to different canopy (5) spans and wind load levels.

4. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing connection member (2) consists of two or more pairs of steel plates arranged side by side, and the thickness of the steel plates is selected in the range of 10 mm to 16 mm according to the design load.

5. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 4, characterized in that, The overlap length of the reinforcing connection member (2) within the upper and lower concrete strip layers (4) is ≥200mm to ensure sufficient anchorage length and force transmission capacity.

6. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting support member (1) is an angle steel or other steel structure, and its size and arrangement are adjusted according to the thickness of the wall (6), the position of the insulation layer and the width of the canopy (5).

7. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 6, characterized in that, The anti-loosening fixing method of the fastening connector (3) is selected from welding fixing, anti-loosening washer, double nut structure or anti-loosening coating.

8. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective sealing treatment for the bolt hole is selected from waterproof sealant, rubber plug or highly elastic waterproof coating.

9. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bolt hole diameter of the fastening connector (3) is 14mm to 20mm, and 4 to 6 bolt holes are provided at each end according to the design requirements.

10. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 9, characterized in that, After the reinforcement connection component (2) is completed, it is subjected to rust prevention treatment and is hidden in the external wall insulation layer or decorative layer to improve durability.

11. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes pre-embedding reinforcing connecting components (2) or reserving fastening connecting parts (3) during the main structure construction stage, so as to achieve rapid fixation during the subsequent installation of the canopy (5).

12. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, The welding interface between the connecting support member (1) and the reinforcing connecting member (2) is provided with an anti-rust primer layer and a high-elasticity waterproof coating to improve the durability and corrosion resistance of the interface.

13. The method for fixing a square concrete-framed brick-concrete structure canopy according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that, The fastening fastener (3) is secured by a double nut structure combined with a locking washer to improve the reliability of the anti-loosening mechanism.

14. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 2, 4, or 7, characterized in that, The connecting support member (1) is a segmented angle steel structure with vertical offset to adapt to different wall thicknesses (6), insulation layer positions and canopy (5) widths.

15. The method for fixing a brick-concrete structure canopy with upper and lower concrete clamps according to claim 3, 8, or 12, characterized in that, The reinforcing connection member (2) is provided with longitudinal stiffening ribs and is fixed by a partially obliquely inserted fastening connector (3) to improve the bending stiffness and shear force decomposition and transmission capacity of the node.

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