Waterproof structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a waterproof structure and a construction method.The waterproof structure is applied between a basement outer wall and a rock stratum, the rock stratum is arranged under a waist beam, the waterproof structure comprises a brick blank film, a double-face self-adhesion type waterproof layer and an anti-adhesion waterproof layer, and the brick blank film is arranged on the side, facing the basement outer wall, of the rock stratum; one side, deviating from the rock stratum, of the brick blank film is a vertical facade; a plaster layer is arranged on the vertical face. One side of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer is adhered to the plaster layer; the anti-adhesion waterproof layer is adhered to the side, away from the plaster layer, of the double-face self-adhesion waterproof layer, and the side, away from the double-face self-adhesion waterproof layer, of the anti-adhesion waterproof layer is arranged to be a reaction face which is used for reacting and adhering with post-pouring concrete. The anti-adhesion waterproof layer is obtained through construction in the narrow space between the basement outer wall and the rock stratum, the double-face self-adhesion waterproof layer and the brick blank film are tightly combined to form a whole, and the ideal waterproof effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, specifically to a waterproof structure and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Almost all existing construction projects include basements, inevitably involving foundation pit support and earthwork excavation. The foundation pit support structure typically employs rotary-dug cast-in-place piles and prestressed anchor cables. Crown beams and tie beams are installed at the top and middle of the support piles, respectively, working together to ensure the safety of the foundation pit from excavation to backfilling. Some construction projects have complex geological conditions, with shallow rock strata (moderate to slightly weathered rock) underground, and the rock surface of these strata is highly undulating. Some rock strata are higher than the basement floor slab, with the highest point of the rock strata directly below the tie beams. During subsequent earthwork excavation, these excessively high rock strata need to be removed to ensure the normal construction of the basement structure.

[0003] Because the support structure was completed before the rock strata were cut, and due to limitations in the rock cutting process, the rock directly below the lintel could not be cut. This resulted in the space originally intended for the basement exterior wall structure and waterproofing being encroached upon by the rock, leaving only a 30cm to 40cm gap between the basement exterior wall and the cut rock strata facade, resulting in insufficient construction space. Traditional waterproofing structures for basement exterior walls require waterproofing to be applied after the basement exterior wall construction is complete. Specifically, this involves applying a high-adhesion, anti-slip, water-resistant asphalt waterproof coating and a self-adhesive polymer-modified asphalt waterproof membrane to the side of the basement exterior wall facing the rock strata to form a waterproof structure. However, due to the insufficient construction space between the basement exterior wall and the rock strata facade, this method cannot be used to achieve the traditional waterproof structure and effectively waterproof the basement exterior wall. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a waterproof structure that can effectively waterproof the basement exterior wall even when the rock strata are located directly below the lintel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a waterproof structure and construction method to solve the problem that the prior art lacks a waterproof structure that can effectively waterproof the exterior walls of basements when the rock strata are located directly below the waist beam.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a waterproof structure applied between the exterior wall of a basement and a rock stratum, wherein the rock stratum is located directly below a joist beam, and the waterproof structure includes:

[0006] A brick formwork is installed on the side of the rock stratum facing the outer wall of the basement, and the side of the brick formwork facing away from the rock stratum is set as a vertical facade;

[0007] A plaster layer is applied to the vertical surface;

[0008] A double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer, one side of which is bonded to the plaster layer;

[0009] A reverse-adhesive waterproof layer is bonded to the side of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer that is away from the plaster layer. The side of the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer that is away from the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer is set as a reactive surface, which is used to react and bond with the subsequently poured concrete.

[0010] According to a waterproof structure of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0011] Before constructing the basement exterior walls with poured concrete, a brick formwork is first built on the side of the rock stratum facing the basement exterior walls, ensuring the brick formwork is firmly against the rock stratum. Then, a plaster layer is applied to the vertical surface of the brick formwork. This plaster layer, parallel to the vertical direction, provides a working surface for the application of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer, facilitating the pre-pressing and compacting of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer onto the plaster layer. Subsequently, utilizing the adhesive properties of both sides of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer, the side of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer facing away from the plaster layer provides a good working surface for the application of the reverse-adhesive waterproofing layer, facilitating the pre-pressing and compacting of the reverse-adhesive waterproofing layer onto the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer. The waterproof layer tightly bonds the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer, and the brick formwork into a unified whole. This unified whole is pressed against the rock strata (i.e., the rock strata provide support for the unified whole). During the pouring of concrete to construct the basement exterior wall, this unified whole acts as a "formwork" to improve the quality of the poured basement exterior wall. On the other hand, the liquid concrete slurry reacts chemically with the reaction surface to form a permanent bond. This ensures that while the basement exterior wall is being poured, the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer, and the brick formwork are permanently bonded to the basement exterior wall as a unified whole, achieving the ideal waterproofing effect.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer includes a polymer self-adhesive film layer and a base layer stacked integrally, the base layer being bonded to the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer, and the polymer self-adhesive film layer including the reactive surface.

[0013] In one alternative embodiment, the thickness of the plaster layer is set to 10 mm to 20 mm;

[0014] And / or, the thickness of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer is set to 2 mm to 4 mm;

[0015] And / or, the thickness of the reverse adhesive waterproof layer is set to 1 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the system further includes a template, which is spaced along the thickness direction on the side of the anti-adhesive waterproof layer away from the rock stratum. The clamping area between the template and the anti-adhesive waterproof layer forms an installation cavity, which is used to pour concrete to form the basement exterior wall.

[0017] In one optional embodiment, a support component is provided on the side of the template away from the anti-adhesive waterproof layer, and the bottom end of the support component is used to abut against the basement floor slab.

[0018] In one optional embodiment, the outer edge of the basement floor slab protrudes upward to form a connecting portion, the top end of the connecting portion being located within the mounting cavity, and the support assembly comprising:

[0019] The first embedded steel bar is embedded in the basement floor slab;

[0020] The first support member is inclined and its bottom end is connected to the first embedded steel bar.

[0021] The first bolt is used to connect the top end of the connecting part and the template. The end of the first bolt away from the connecting part passes through the template and is connected to the top end of the first support member.

[0022] Several second embedded steel bars are embedded in the basement floor slab, with the second embedded steel bars spaced apart on the side of the first embedded steel bars away from the formwork;

[0023] Several second support members are inclined and the bottom end of the second support members is connected to the second pre-embedded steel bar;

[0024] Several T-bolts are installed on the upper side wall of the template, and the T-bolts are connected to the top of the second support member.

[0025] In one optional embodiment, a foam strip is provided on the side of the template facing the connection portion, and the foam strip is positioned above the first bolt;

[0026] And / or, the first support member and the second support member are connected by a reinforcing member;

[0027] And / or, the template includes multiple modules stacked sequentially from bottom to top, and the support assembly also includes multiple double-sided steel main keels. The multiple double-sided steel main keels are arranged vertically at intervals on the side of the template away from the reverse adhesive waterproof layer. The double-sided steel main keels are arranged at the connection points of two adjacent modules, and the T-bolts are arranged at the connection points of two adjacent modules. The T-bolts are connected to the double-sided steel main keels.

[0028] In one optional embodiment, the support assembly further includes a plurality of single-sided steel secondary keels, which are spaced apart in the horizontal direction. The single-sided steel secondary keels are disposed between the templates of the two-sided main steel keels and are connected by the T-bolts.

[0029] In one optional embodiment, the side of the rock stratum facing the brick formwork is set as an inclined surface, the inclined surface extends vertically from bottom to top, and gradually tilts away from the plaster layer; the brick formwork includes a first formwork part and a second formwork part, the second formwork part is disposed at the upper end of the first formwork part, the first formwork part fills the space between the plaster layer and the rock stratum, the sandwiched area between the side of the second formwork part away from the plaster layer and the rock stratum forms a filling cavity, a plurality of brick columns are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction in the filling cavity, the brick columns connect the second formwork part and the rock stratum, the plurality of brick columns divide the filling cavity into a plurality of chambers in the horizontal direction, and the chambers are filled with original soil.

[0030] Secondly, the present invention also provides a construction method for constructing the waterproof structure provided in the first aspect before pouring the basement exterior wall, the construction method comprising the following steps:

[0031] A brick formwork is constructed such that one side of the brick formwork is at least partially attached to the rock strata, and the other side of the brick formwork is set parallel to the vertical direction to form a vertical facade.

[0032] A plaster layer is formed on the vertical surface.

[0033] A double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer is laid on the plaster layer, and the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer is pre-pressed and firmly adhered to the plaster layer;

[0034] A reverse-adhesive waterproof layer is laid on the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer, and the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer is pre-pressed and firmly bonded to the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer.

[0035] The basement exterior wall is constructed by pouring concrete, and the liquid concrete reacts chemically with the reaction surface of the anti-adhesive waterproof layer to form a permanent bond.

[0036] According to a construction method of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0037] Before constructing the basement exterior walls with poured concrete, a brick formwork is first built on the side of the rock stratum facing the basement exterior walls, ensuring the brick formwork is firmly against the rock stratum. Then, a plaster layer is applied to the vertical surface of the brick formwork. This plaster layer, parallel to the vertical direction, provides a working surface for the application of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer, facilitating the pre-pressing and compacting of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer onto the plaster layer. Subsequently, utilizing the adhesive properties of both sides of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer, the side of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer facing away from the plaster layer provides a good working surface for the application of the reverse-adhesive waterproofing layer, facilitating the pre-pressing and compacting of the reverse-adhesive waterproofing layer onto the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer. This results in a tight bond between the reverse-adhesive waterproofing layer, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproofing layer, and the brick formwork, forming a unified structure. This integral structure, pressed tightly against the rock strata (i.e., the rock strata provide support for the integral structure), serves two purposes during the concrete pouring process for the basement exterior wall. Firstly, this integral structure acts as a "formwork," improving the quality of the poured basement exterior wall. Secondly, the liquid concrete slurry reacts chemically with the reaction surface, forming a strong bond that lasts. This allows the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer, double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer, and brick formwork to be permanently bonded to the basement exterior wall while simultaneously pouring the concrete. This enables the construction of the basement exterior wall after the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer and reverse-adhesive waterproof layer are applied, overcoming the difficulty of constructing waterproof structures due to insufficient space in basement exterior wall construction, and ensuring the waterproofing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproof structure connected to the rock strata according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0041] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the first part;

[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the second part;

[0043] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0044] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0045] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the third part.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0047] 110-Rock stratum, 120-Waist beam, 130-Basement floor slab, 131-Connecting part;

[0048] 200 - brick membrane, 210 - first membrane section, 220 - second membrane section, 230 - brick pillar;

[0049] 300 - Plaster layer;

[0050] 400 - Double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer;

[0051] 500-Reverse Adhesive Waterproof Layer;

[0052] 610-Formwork, 611-Foam strip, 612-Formwork part, 620-First embedded steel bar, 630-First support, 631-Reinforcing member, 640-First bolt, 650-Second embedded steel bar, 660-Second support, 670-T-bolt, 671-T-head, 680-Double steel main keel, 690-Single steel secondary keel. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this embodiment and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this embodiment. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0055] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] The following is combined Figures 1 to 7 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0057] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a waterproof structure is provided, which is applied between the basement exterior wall and a rock stratum 110, the rock stratum 110 being located directly below a lintel 120. The waterproof structure includes a brick formwork 200, a double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, and a reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500. The brick formwork 200 is located on the side of the rock stratum 110 facing the basement exterior wall, and the side of the brick formwork 200 away from the rock stratum 110 is set as a vertical surface. A plaster layer 300 is provided on the vertical surface. One side of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 is bonded to the plaster layer 300. The reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 is bonded to the side of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 away from the plaster layer 300, and the side of the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 away from the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 is set as a reactive surface, which is used for reactive bonding with the subsequently poured concrete.

[0058] In this embodiment, the waterproof structure involves first constructing a brick formwork 200 on the side of the rock stratum 110 facing the basement exterior wall before pouring concrete. The brick formwork 200 is then firmly adhered to the rock stratum 110. A plaster layer 300 is then applied to the vertical surface of the brick formwork 200. This plaster layer 300, parallel to the vertical direction, provides a good working surface for the construction of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, facilitating the pre-pressing and compacting of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 onto the plaster layer 300. Subsequently, utilizing the adhesive properties of both sides of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, the side of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 facing away from the plaster layer 300 provides a good working surface for the construction of the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500, facilitating the application of the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500. The pre-pressed and compacted adhesive layer 500 is bonded to the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, ensuring that the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, and the brick formwork 200 are tightly bonded together to form a whole. This whole is pressed against and tightly adhered to the rock layer 110 (i.e., the rock layer 110 provides support for this whole). During the process of pouring concrete to prepare the basement exterior wall, on the one hand, this whole can play the role of "formwork support", which is conducive to improving the quality of the poured basement exterior wall. On the other hand, the liquid concrete slurry reacts chemically with the reaction surface to form a tight bond, thus forming a long-lasting bond. This ensures that while the basement exterior wall is being poured, the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, and the brick formwork 200 are permanently bonded to the basement exterior wall as a whole, achieving the ideal waterproofing effect.

[0059] In practical applications, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 is set as a double-sided self-adhesive polymer-modified bitumen waterproof membrane, and the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 is set as a pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membrane. The double-sided self-adhesive polymer-modified bitumen waterproof membrane not only serves as a waterproof layer but also, because both sides are adhesive, provides a bonding surface for the second layer of waterproofing—the pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membrane—ensuring a tight and dense bond between the two membranes and guaranteeing that the waterproofing construction meets design requirements. It can be understood that the pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membrane is a new type of waterproof material using polymer sheets (such as HDPE and TPO) as the base material and a special adhesive layer on the surface. Its core feature is "reverse bonding"—during construction, the adhesive side (i.e., the reactive side) of the membrane is pre-laid away from the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400. After the concrete structure is poured, the adhesive side reacts chemically with the liquid concrete, forming a permanent bond, achieving a seamless connection between the waterproof layer and the structural layer.

[0060] It should be noted that the integrated structure formed by the tightly bonded reverse waterproof layer 500, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, and the brick formwork 200 can serve as a "formwork support". This allows for formwork support in the narrow space between the basement exterior wall and the rock stratum 110 facade, and also eliminates the need for the formwork support process in the same narrow space. After completing the construction of the reverse waterproof layer 500 and the formwork support construction on the other side, continuous construction of the basement exterior wall can be achieved, which helps to shorten the construction cycle.

[0061] It should be noted that, because after the basement exterior wall construction is completed, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 and the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 in this embodiment are sandwiched between the brick formwork 200 and the basement exterior wall, there is no phenomenon of falling off. This improves the shortcomings of the traditional waterproof construction method, which is that "after the waterproof membrane is installed and before backfilling, the waterproof membrane is easily exposed to the air for a long time and the waterproof effect is difficult to guarantee".

[0062] It is understandable that in this embodiment, because the rock layer 110 provides support for the overall structure formed by the tightly bonded reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, and the brick formwork 200, during the construction of the basement exterior wall, the overall structure formed by the tightly bonded reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, and the brick formwork 200 is not prone to deformation under the impact of concrete. This ensures that the reaction surface and the liquid concrete slurry fully undergo a chemical reaction and tightly bond to form a long-lasting bond, achieving the ideal waterproof effect.

[0063] Understandably, for ease of description, the following is used: Figure 1 The vertical and thickness directions are described as the vertical and thickness directions in the text.

[0064] In some embodiments, the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 includes a polymer self-adhesive film layer and a base layer stacked integrally, the base layer being bonded to the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, and the polymer self-adhesive film layer including the reactive surface; the base layer is typically high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a tear strength ≥500N / 10mm (GB / T 23457-2017 standard); the polymer self-adhesive film layer uses a non-asphalt-based reactive adhesive, and its peel strength after curing with concrete can reach ≥2.0N / mm.

[0065] Specifically, the thickness of the plaster layer 300 is set to 10 mm to 20 mm, preferably 15 mm, which can both meet the requirements for the firm adhesion of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 and reduce the space occupied, thus ensuring the wall thickness of the basement exterior wall.

[0066] Specifically, the thickness of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 is set to 2 mm to 4 mm, preferably 3 mm, which ensures that it can be firmly adhered to the plaster layer 300 and ensures waterproof performance, while also reducing the space occupied and ensuring the wall thickness of the basement exterior wall.

[0067] Specifically, the thickness of the reverse adhesive waterproof layer 500 is set to 1 mm to 1.5 mm, preferably 1.2 mm, which ensures that it can be firmly adhered to the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 and ensures waterproof performance, while reducing the space occupied and ensuring the wall thickness of the basement exterior wall.

[0068] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, a template 610 is also included. The template 610 is spaced along the thickness direction on the side of the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 facing away from the rock stratum 110. The clamping area between the template 610 and the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 forms an installation cavity, which is used for pouring concrete to form the basement exterior wall. By using the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 and the brick formwork 200 to form a whole as the "formwork" for the basement exterior wall facing the rock stratum 110, and using the template 610 as the "formwork" for the basement exterior wall facing away from the rock stratum 110, the whole formed by the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 and the brick formwork 200 and the template 610 form a double-sided formwork structure. This achieves the goal of effectively ensuring the safety of the concrete pouring process by setting up the formwork only on the side of the basement exterior wall facing away from the rock stratum 110, thus making it suitable for concrete pouring construction of long basement exterior walls.

[0069] Specifically, a support component is provided on the side of the template 610 opposite to the anti-adhesive waterproof layer 500, and the bottom end of the support component is used to abut against the basement floor slab 130. Using the support component abutting against the basement floor slab 130 to provide support for the template 610 helps to improve the stability of the template 610 during the concrete pouring construction of the basement exterior wall.

[0070] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, specifically, the outer edge of the basement floor slab 130 protrudes upward to form a connecting portion 131. The top end of the connecting portion 131 is located in the mounting cavity. The support assembly includes a first embedded steel bar 620, a first bolt 640, and an inclined first support member 630. The first embedded steel bar 620 is embedded in the basement floor slab 130, and the bottom end of the first support member 630 is connected to the first embedded steel bar 620. The first bolt 640 is used to connect the top end of the connecting portion 131 and the template 610. The end of the first bolt 640 away from the connecting portion 131 passes through the template 610 and is connected to the top end of the first support member 630. By pre-embedding a first bolt 640 at the top of the connecting part 131, the bottom end of the template 610 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting part 131 using the first bolt 640 as a connection fulcrum. This allows the template 610 to be supported and fixed in the connecting part 131. The first pre-embedded steel bar 620 provides a connection fulcrum for the bottom diagonal brace of the first support member 630, and the first support member 630 supports the connection between the template 610 and the connecting part 131. This helps to improve the stability of the template 610 during the concrete pouring construction of the basement exterior wall.

[0071] Specifically, the support assembly further includes a plurality of second embedded steel bars 650, and the same number of T-bolts 670 and second support members 660 as the second embedded steel bars 650. Preferably, there are three second embedded steel bars 650, which are embedded in the basement floor slab 130. The three second embedded steel bars 650 are spaced apart sequentially on the side of the first embedded steel bar 620 away from the template 610 along the thickness direction. The three T-bolts 670 are arranged vertically at intervals on the side wall of the template 610. The second support member 660 is inclined, with the bottom end of the second support member 660 connected to the corresponding second embedded steel bar 650 and the top end of the second support member 660 connected to the corresponding T-bolt 670. By pre-embedding a second pre-embedded steel bar 650 on the basement floor slab 130, the second pre-embedded steel bar 650 provides a connection fulcrum for the bottom diagonal brace of the second support member 660, and the top of the second support member 660 is connected to the T-bolt 670 to form a node, so that the second support member 660, the basement floor slab 130 and the formwork 610 form a "triangle" shape. Utilizing the stable characteristics of the triangle, the part of the formwork 610 located above the first bolt 640 is supported, which helps to improve the stability of the formwork 610 during the concrete pouring construction of the basement exterior wall.

[0072] In specific applications, the number of second support members 660 can be reasonably increased or decreased according to the vertical dimensions of the template 610. For example, in other embodiments, the support assembly includes one, two or four second support members 660; correspondingly, a corresponding number of second pre-embedded steel bars 650 are also pre-embedded in the basement floor slab 130, and a corresponding number of T-bolts 670 are set on the template 610.

[0073] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the template 610 includes multiple template parts 612 stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The support assembly also includes multiple double-sided steel main keels 680. The multiple double-sided steel main keels 680 are arranged vertically at intervals on the side of the template 610 away from the anti-adhesive waterproof layer 500. The double-sided steel main keels 680 are set at the connection points of two adjacent template parts 612. T-bolts 670 are set at the connection points of two adjacent template parts 612. The T-bolts 670 are connected to the double-sided steel main keels 680. The T-heads 671 of the T-bolts 670 press and abut against the joints of two adjacent template parts 612 against the double-sided steel main keels 680 for fixation. This achieves the stacking of multiple template parts 612 from bottom to top to form the template 610 and firmly connects it to the double-sided steel main keels 680, effectively ensuring the safety of the concrete pouring process for the basement exterior wall.

[0074] Specifically, the support assembly further includes multiple single-section steel secondary joists 690, which are spaced apart horizontally. These secondary joists 690 are positioned between the two main steel joists 680 and the formwork 610, and are connected by T-bolts 670. The denser arrangement of the secondary joists reduces individual stress, evenly distributing local loads (such as concrete weight and construction live load) from the formwork 610 to the two main steel joists 680, preventing deformation of the formwork 610 and effectively ensuring the safety of the concrete pouring process for the basement exterior wall.

[0075] It is understandable that the horizontal, thickness, and vertical directions are all perpendicular to each other.

[0076] It should be noted that, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, on the side of the template 610 that is connected to the first bolt 640 away from the connecting part 131, a single-sided secondary steel keel 690 and a double-sided main steel keel 680 are also provided in sequence. The single-sided secondary steel keel 690 and the double-sided main steel keel 680 are fixedly connected to the template 610 by the first bolt 640.

[0077] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, specifically, the first support member 630 and the second support member 660 are connected by a reinforcing member 631, so that a plurality of second support members 660 and the second support member 660 are connected into a whole, which helps to improve the support strength of the support assembly and effectively ensures the safety of the basement exterior wall during the concrete pouring construction process.

[0078] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, specifically, a foam strip 611 is provided on the side of the template 610 facing the connecting part 131, and the foam strip 611 is positioned above the first bolt 640. During the concrete pouring construction of the basement exterior wall, the foam strip 611 can prevent concrete slurry from leaking downwards through the connection between the template 610 and the connecting part 131.

[0079] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the side of the rock layer 110 facing the brick formwork 200 is set as an inclined surface, which extends vertically from bottom to top and gradually tilts away from the plaster layer 300; the brick formwork 200 includes a first formwork portion 210 and a second formwork portion 220, the second formwork portion 220 is disposed at the upper end of the first formwork portion 210, the first formwork portion 210 fills between the plaster layer 300 and the rock layer 110, and the sandwiched area between the side of the second formwork portion 220 away from the plaster layer 300 and the rock layer 110 forms a filling cavity, a plurality of brick pillars 230 are arranged horizontally at intervals in the filling cavity, the brick pillars 230 connect the second formwork portion 220 and the rock layer 110, and the plurality of brick pillars 230 divide the filling cavity into a plurality of cavities in the horizontal direction, the cavities being filled with original soil. Considering that the lateral pressure on the upper second formwork section 220 is relatively small during the concrete pouring construction of the basement exterior wall, the support requirements can be met by connecting the second formwork section 220 and the rock layer 110 with multiple spaced brick columns 230. Therefore, it is not necessary to use full masonry to build the brick columns 230 between the second formwork section 220 and the rock layer 110, and use the original soil to fill the remaining space of the filling cavity, thereby saving materials.

[0080] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, according to a second aspect of the present invention, a construction method is also provided, applied to constructing the waterproof structure provided in the first aspect of the present invention before pouring the basement exterior wall, the construction method comprising the following steps:

[0081] A brick formwork 200 is constructed such that at least one side of the brick formwork 200 is in close contact with the rock layer 110, and the other side of the brick formwork 200 is arranged parallel to the vertical direction to form a vertical surface.

[0082] Plastering is performed on the vertical surface to form a plaster layer 300;

[0083] A double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 is laid on the plaster layer 300, and the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 is pre-pressed and adhered to the plaster layer 300.

[0084] A reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 is laid on the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, and the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 is pre-pressed and adhered to the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400.

[0085] The basement exterior wall is constructed by pouring concrete, and the liquid concrete reacts chemically with the reaction surface of the anti-adhesive waterproof layer 500 to form a permanent bond.

[0086] In this embodiment, the construction method involves first constructing a brick formwork 200 on the side of the rock stratum 110 facing the basement exterior wall before pouring concrete. The brick formwork 200 is then firmly adhered to the rock stratum 110. Next, a plaster layer 300 is applied to the vertical surface of the brick formwork 200. This plaster layer 300, parallel to the vertical direction, provides a good working surface for the construction of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, facilitating the pre-pressing and compacting of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 onto the plaster layer 300. Then, utilizing the adhesive properties of both sides of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, the side of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 facing away from the plaster layer 300 provides a good working surface for the construction of the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500, facilitating the pre-pressing and compacting of the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 onto the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400. This ensures that the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 and the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 are properly bonded together. The self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 and the brick formwork 200 are tightly bonded together to form a whole. This whole is pressed against the rock layer 110 (i.e., the rock layer 110 provides support for the whole). During the process of pouring concrete to prepare the basement exterior wall, on the one hand, this whole can play the role of "formwork support", which is conducive to improving the quality of the poured basement exterior wall. On the other hand, the liquid concrete slurry reacts chemically with the reaction surface to form a long-lasting bond. This allows the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 and the brick formwork 200 to be permanently bonded to the basement exterior wall as a whole while the basement exterior wall is being poured. This allows the construction process of constructing the basement exterior wall after the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400 and the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 are constructed, solving the difficulty of constructing waterproof structures due to insufficient construction space for basement exterior walls, and ensuring the waterproof effect.

[0087] It should be noted that before laying the brick formwork 200, the thickness of the plaster layer 300, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer 400, and the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer 500 should be reserved in advance to ensure the thickness of the basement exterior wall.

[0088] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproof structure, applied between the basement exterior wall and a rock stratum (110), wherein the rock stratum (110) is located directly below a lintel (120), characterized in that, The waterproof structure includes: A brick formwork (200) is provided on the side of the rock stratum (110) facing the basement exterior wall, and the side of the brick formwork (200) facing away from the rock stratum (110) is set as a vertical facade; A plaster layer (300) is provided on the vertical surface; A double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer (400) is bonded to the plaster layer (300) on one side; A reverse-adhesive waterproof layer (500) is bonded to the side of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer (400) away from the plaster layer (300). The side of the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer (500) away from the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer (400) is set as a reactive surface, which is used to react and bond with the post-poured concrete.

2. The waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reverse adhesive waterproof layer (500) includes a polymer self-adhesive film layer and a base layer stacked together, the base layer being bonded to the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer (400), and the polymer self-adhesive film layer including the reactive surface.

3. The waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the plaster layer (300) is set to 10 mm to 20 mm; And / or, the thickness of the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer (400) is set to 2 mm to 4 mm; And / or, the thickness of the reverse adhesive waterproof layer (500) is set to 1 mm to 1.5 mm.

4. A waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a template (610), which is spaced along the thickness direction on the side of the reverse adhesive waterproof layer (500) away from the rock layer (110). The clamping area between the template (610) and the reverse adhesive waterproof layer (500) forms an installation cavity, which is used to pour concrete to form the basement exterior wall.

5. A waterproof structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The template (610) is provided with a support component on the side away from the anti-adhesive waterproof layer (500), and the bottom end of the support component is used to abut against the basement floor slab (130).

6. A waterproof structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer edge of the basement floor slab (130) protrudes upward to form a connecting portion (131), the top end of the connecting portion (131) is located in the mounting cavity, and the support assembly includes: The first embedded steel bar (620) is embedded in the basement floor slab (130); The first support member (630) is inclined and the bottom end of the first support member (630) is connected to the first embedded steel bar (620); A first bolt (640) is used to connect the top end of the connecting part (131) and the template (610). The end of the first bolt (640) away from the connecting part (131) passes through the template (610) and is connected to the top end of the first support member (630). Several second embedded steel bars (650) are embedded in the basement floor slab (130), and the second embedded steel bars (650) are spaced apart on the side of the first embedded steel bar (620) away from the template (610); Several second support members (660) are inclined and the bottom end of the second support member (660) is connected to the second pre-embedded steel bar (650); Several T-bolts (670) are provided on the upper side wall of the template (610), and the T-bolts (670) are connected to the top of the second support member (660).

7. A waterproof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, A foam strip (611) is provided on the side of the template (610) facing the connecting part (131), and the foam strip (611) is positioned above the first bolt (640); And / or, the first support member (630) and the second support member (660) are connected by a reinforcing member (631); And / or, the template (610) includes a plurality of modules (612) stacked sequentially from bottom to top, and the support assembly also includes a plurality of double-sided steel main keels (680). The plurality of double-sided steel main keels (680) are arranged vertically at intervals on the side of the template (610) away from the reverse adhesive waterproof layer (500). The double-sided steel main keels (680) are arranged at the connection points of two adjacent modules (612), and the T-bolts (670) are arranged at the connection points of two adjacent modules (612). The T-bolts (670) are connected to the double-sided steel main keels (680).

8. A waterproof structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The support assembly also includes a plurality of single-sided steel secondary keels (690), which are spaced apart in the horizontal direction. The single-sided steel secondary keels (690) are arranged between the two-sided steel main keels (680) and the template (610) and are connected by the T-bolts (670).

9. A waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock stratum (110) is inclined on the side facing the brick formwork (200), and the inclined surface extends vertically from bottom to top, gradually tilting away from the plaster layer (300); the brick formwork (200) includes a first formwork portion (210) and a second formwork portion (220), the second formwork portion (220) is disposed at the upper end of the first formwork portion (210), and the first formwork portion (210) fills the plaster layer (300) and the rock stratum. Between (110), the second membrane part (220) away from the plaster layer (300) and the rock layer (110) form a filling cavity in the interposed area. Multiple brick pillars (230) are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction in the filling cavity. The brick pillars (230) are connected between the second membrane part (220) and the rock layer (110). The multiple brick pillars (230) divide the filling cavity into multiple cavities in the horizontal direction. The cavities are filled with original soil.

10. A construction method, characterized in that, The method for constructing a waterproof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 before pouring the concrete for the basement exterior walls comprises the following steps: A brick formwork (200) is constructed such that one side of the brick formwork (200) is at least partially attached to the rock stratum (110), and the other side of the brick formwork (200) is set parallel to the vertical direction to form a vertical facade; Plastering is performed on the vertical surface to form a plaster layer (300); A double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer (400) is laid on the plaster layer (300), and the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer (400) is pre-pressed and adhered to the plaster layer (300). A reverse-adhesive waterproof layer (500) is laid on the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer (400), and the reverse-adhesive waterproof layer (500) is pre-pressed and bonded to the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof layer (400). The basement exterior wall is constructed by pouring concrete, and the liquid concrete reacts chemically with the reaction surface of the reverse adhesive waterproof layer (500) to form a permanent bond.

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