Field direct-reading test system and method for FPM, CPM and TPM for fixing pollutants

Abstract

The invention discloses an on-site direct-reading test system and method for an FPM, a CPM and a TPM for fixing pollutants, and belongs to the technical field of environment detection. The system comprises an FPM test unit and a CPM test unit; the FPM test unit comprises an FPM weighing balance and a constant-speed sampling assembly which are connected in sequence; the CPM test unit comprises a PM10 cutter, a PM2.5 cutter, a condensation unit, a water-soluble substance collection unit, a sample buffer unit, a CPM weighing balance, a gas-water separation unit and a back flushing unit which are connected in sequence, and the inlet end of the PM10 cutter is communicated with the outlet end of the constant-speed sampling assembly; the FPM testing unit is used for detecting the concentration of the FPM, and the CPM testing unit is used for detecting the concentration of the CPM. The device has the functions of automatic film changing, whole-course heat tracing, constant-speed sampling, remote data transmission and the like, can meet detection of FPM, CPM and TPM, and meets the requirements of existing national standards and industrial standards for quality control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental monitoring technology, specifically relating to a field direct-reading testing system and method for fixing pollutants such as FPM, CPM and TPM. Background Technology

[0002] Particulate matter in stationary pollution source exhaust gas includes filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). CPM exists in gaseous form at high temperatures and rapidly condenses into liquid or solid particles after emission. Condensable particulate matter accounts for more than half of total particulate matter (TPM) emissions and has a significant impact on the atmospheric environment and human health. Currently, there are no CPM monitoring standards in China. Commonly used methods abroad include EPA Method 201A for particle size classification of filterable particulate matter (FPM), Method 202 for collecting condensable particulate matter (CPM), and Method CTM-039 for testing condensable particulate matter using the dilution method. However, these methods involve manual sampling followed by laboratory analysis. The sampling equipment is bulky, the operation is complex, there are many interfering factors, human error is difficult to control, on-site quality control is difficult, the workload is large, and direct on-site readings are not possible.

[0003] The existing technologies for on-site monitoring of particulate matter in exhaust gas from stationary pollution sources include: (1) Chinese patent CN201520460472.5 discloses an oscillating balance dust concentration direct reading measuring instrument with a diversion structure. Its core technology adopts diversion technology. The system has a complex structure, difficult on-site quality control, and adopts a split design. It requires manual membrane replacement and is only suitable for the detection of filterable particulate matter (FPM); (2) Chinese patent CN107238560B discloses a portable measurement system and method for direct reading of dust particulate matter concentration using an isokinetic balance. It adopts a split design and consists of a central processing unit and an isokinetic balance mass acquisition unit. The isokinetic balance mass acquisition unit is connected to the central processing unit through a pipeline. It has problems such as requiring manual membrane replacement and difficulty in quality control; (3) Chinese patent CN221405280U discloses a portable automatic membrane replacement dust and flue gas tester. It adopts an integrated design, isokinetic sampling, automatic membrane replacement, etc. While the aforementioned patents can achieve direct reading detection of FPM, none of them can simultaneously detect CPM and TPM data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a field direct-reading testing system and method for stationary pollutants such as FPM, CPM and TPM, which can meet the detection requirements of FPM, CPM and TPM, and has functions such as automatic membrane replacement, full-process heating, isokinetic sampling and remote data transmission, and meets the quality control requirements of existing national standards and industry standards.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention provides a field direct-reading testing system for FPM, CPM, and TPM used to immobilize pollutants, comprising: A sampling probe is inserted into the exhaust gas pipe to sample the gas. The FPM testing unit includes an FPM weighing balance and an isokinetic sampling component connected sequentially through a sampling pipeline; the FPM weighing balance is equipped with an FPM automatic membrane changing component, and the inlet of the FPM weighing balance is connected to the outlet of the sampling probe through a heated delivery hose. The CPM testing unit includes PM units sequentially connected via sampling conduits. 10 Cutter, PM 2.5 The components include a cutter, a condensation unit, a water-soluble substance collection unit, a sample buffer unit, a CPM weighing balance, a gas-liquid separation unit, and a backflushing unit. 10 The inlet of the cutter is connected to the outlet of the isokinetic sampling component via a heated delivery hose; the CPM weighing balance is equipped with a CPM automatic membrane changing component. The sampling probe collects exhaust gas from the exhaust gas emission pipe and heats it before sequentially delivering it to the FPM testing unit and the CPM testing unit. The FPM testing unit detects the FPM concentration in the exhaust gas from the stationary pollution source, and the CPM testing unit detects the CPM concentration in the exhaust gas from the stationary pollution source.

[0006] Preferably, the FPM testing unit and the CPM testing unit are used in combination or separately; the CPM testing unit is used in combination with a flue gas isokinetic sampler, a B-ray method FPM flue gas direct reading tester, or an optical method FPM flue gas direct reading tester.

[0007] Preferably, the on-site direct reading test system is mounted on a drone for unmanned high-altitude monitoring and plume tracking monitoring.

[0008] Preferably, the condensation unit is connected to PM 2.5 The condenser is connected to the outlet end of the cutter; The water-soluble substance collection unit is a collection bottle connected to the condensate discharge port of the condenser; The sample buffer unit is a buffer bottle connected to the gas discharge port of the condenser, and the buffer bottle is connected to the inlet of the CPM weighing balance through a sampling pipeline; The gas-water separation unit is a gas-water separator connected to the outlet end of the CPM weighing balance. The backflush unit is a nitrogen backflush assembly connected to a gas-water separator via a tee, and one port of the tee is connected in sequence to a second air pump and a second flow meter.

[0009] Preferably, the FPM weighing balance is a high-temperature balance, and the CPM weighing balance is a temperature-controlled balance with heating and cooling functions; wherein, the CPM weighing module adopts an oscillating balance method module, a beta-ray method module, or an optical method module; All include a balance box and a heating cavity set inside the balance box, and the lower ends of the balance box and the heating cavity are open; the top of the balance box is provided with an oscillating tube made of metal, quartz or carbon fiber that extends into the heating cavity, and a filter membrane support is provided at the lower end of the oscillating tube, on which a filter membrane is detached and installed.

[0010] Preferably, the sampling probe includes a probe tube body made of stainless steel or titanium alloy; one end of the probe tube body extends into the mounting flange on the side wall of the exhaust gas duct for sampling. The probe tube body is equipped with a heated sampling tube, a temperature sensor and a differential pressure detection module. The front end of the heated sampling tube extends out of the probe tube body to form a forward bend. The front end of the forward bend is equipped with a sampling head opposite to the flow direction of the flue gas. The front end of the sampling head is equipped with a sampling nozzle. The diameter of the sampling nozzle is selected according to the flow rate of the gas to be measured. The differential pressure detection module is connected and installed inside the probe tube body at the front end, and a Pitot tube extending out of the probe tube body is provided at its front end. The Pitot tube and the differential pressure detection module work together to measure the static pressure, dynamic pressure and total pressure of the exhaust gas. The temperature sensor is used to detect the gas temperature inside the exhaust pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the isokinetic sampling assembly includes a shut-off valve, a regulating valve, a first air pump, a first flow meter, and a volumetric flow meter connected sequentially to the sampling pipeline. The volumetric flow meter is equipped with a measurement module, which includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. The detection chamber also integrates a barometer to detect the atmospheric pressure at the working position of the testing system.

[0012] This invention also discloses a method for testing FPM, CPM and TPM in exhaust gas from stationary pollution sources, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Collect exhaust gas samples at a constant speed by using a sampling probe to track the exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe. Step 2: The exhaust gas sample flows through the FPM testing unit via a heated delivery hose. Particulate matter is enriched on the filter membrane, and the FPM concentration is calculated by weighing using an FPM weighing balance. Step 3: After the FPM particulate test is completed or simultaneously, the exhaust gas sample is introduced into the CPM test unit. After being cut, condensed, and dehydrated, the exhaust gas sample is enriched on the CPM filter membrane. The CPM concentration is calculated by weighing with a CPM weighing balance. Step 4: Based on the FPM and CPM concentration values, automatically calculate the sum of FPM and CPM to obtain the TPM value; Step 5: During the detection process in Step 2 or Step 3, the filter membrane is automatically replaced and samples are retained using the FPM automatic membrane replacement assembly or the CPM automatic membrane replacement assembly; Step 6: After the detection is completed in Step 2, Step 3 or Step 4, remote data transmission and instrument positioning are achieved through the communication unit.

[0013] Preferably, the FPM and CPM testing processes in steps 2 and 3 are heated throughout, with the FPM control adjusting the exhaust gas temperature between 0-180℃ and the CPM control adjusting the exhaust gas temperature between 0-30℃.

[0014] Preferably, the on-site direct reading test system supports setting the total sampling time, single sample sampling time, sampling interval, and supports automatic or manual membrane changing modes.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The on-site direct reading testing system of this invention adopts a portable, integrated structure. Based on the principle of oscillating balance, it can simultaneously detect the concentrations of filterable particulate matter (FPM), condensable particulate matter (CPM), and total particulate matter (TPM). It has a high degree of automation, can automatically change membranes, achieve full-process heating and no condensation, and perform isokinetic tracking sampling. The sampling probe, sampling pipeline, and FPM testing unit are heated at high temperature throughout the process, while the CPM testing unit is temperature controlled throughout the process. After monitoring, samples can be retained for traceability and on-site quality control, reducing human error and meeting the quality control requirements of existing national and industry standards, ensuring the timeliness of the test data. 2. In this system, the sampling probe measures the temperature through a built-in temperature sensor, and the Pitot tube and differential pressure detection module measure the pressure and flow rate of the exhaust gas sample. The measured signals are transmitted to the main control board to achieve isokinetic tracking sampling. The gas sample to be tested enters the FPM weighing balance through the sampling probe and heated delivery hose. The particulate matter is enriched on the FPM filter membrane (the filter membrane component can be retained for traceability). The mass of the FPM particulate matter is measured by the change in the oscillation frequency of the high-temperature balance. Then, based on the sampling volume, the concentration of filterable particulate matter (FPM) is calculated. 3. After the FPM concentration test is completed, the gas to be tested enters the CPM test unit and passes through the PM2.5 concentration test. 10 Cutter, PM 2.5After being cut, the particles are condensed and dehydrated, and then enriched on the CPM filter membrane (the filter membrane component allows for sample retention for traceability). The mass of CPM particles is measured by weighing on a temperature-controlled oscillating balance, and the CPM concentration is calculated based on the sample volume. This system can simultaneously monitor FPM, CPM, and TPM concentrations, eliminating the need for complex processes such as pre-sampling preparation, sample transportation, laboratory constant weight, laboratory weighing, and data calculation. This effectively improves work efficiency and significantly reduces the number of on-site testing personnel and their workload. It is suitable for determining particulate matter in exhaust gases from coal-fired, gas-fired, and biomass-fired boilers, as well as cement kilns, cement mills, and steel sintering plants. 4. Monitoring personnel can judge the validity of the test results on-site based on the real-time monitoring data of the instrument, avoiding rework testing; 5. This system uses a high-precision high-temperature balance unit to test the FPM mass, effectively eliminating the interference of condensate water on particulate matter detection; the oscillation tube is preferably made of metal, which has good stability and is not easily damaged; a temperature-controlled oscillation balance unit is used to test the CPM mass, ensuring no loss during CPM weighing; both the FPM and CPM testing units have automatic membrane changing functions, which can operate automatically or manually, and can separately grab and install calibration and sampling membranes; it can realize sampling, sample retention, and on-site quality control; reduce the workload of operators, avoid human error, ensure the timeliness of data, and meet quality control requirements; 6. The system allows setting the total sampling time, individual sample sampling time, sampling interval, automatic replacement of sampling filter membranes, and sample retention. This testing method has at least two sample introduction methods: ① During FPM detection, the exhaust gas sample passes through a heated sampling tube with a temperature adjustable from 0-180℃ (105±5℃). The sample flows through a heated inlet with an adjustable temperature of 0-180℃. The filter membrane installed in the heated sampling unit captures particulate matter. After sampling, the automatic membrane replacement unit operates, and a high-temperature balance weighs the sample and provides FPM mass and concentration data; ② During CPM detection, the sample passes through a PM10 cutter and PM... 2.5 After being cut, the particles are condensed and dehydrated, and then enriched on the CPM filter membrane. After being weighed by a oscillating balance with a controlled temperature of 0-30℃, the mass and concentration of condensable particulate matter (CPM) are measured, and the TPM concentration is calculated. The system can be remotely controlled and transmit data. 7. The FPM test unit and CPM test unit of this system can be used together or separately. The CPM test unit can also be used in conjunction with an isokinetic smoke sampler, a B-ray method FPM smoke direct reading tester or an optical method FPM smoke direct reading tester. This system can also be mounted on UAVs for unmanned high-altitude monitoring and smoke plume tracking monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the on-site direct-reading testing system of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the mid-sampling probe structure; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the FPM test unit; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the CPM test unit; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a medium-speed sampling component.

[0017] Attached label: 1. Exhaust gas emission pipe; 2. Sampling probe; 21. Probe tube body; 22. Heated sampling tube; 23. Pitot tube; 24. Sampling head; 25. Sampling nozzle; 26. Temperature sensor; 27. Differential pressure detection module; 3. Heated delivery hose; 4. FPM testing unit; 5. CPM testing unit; 6. FPM weighing balance; 7. FPM automatic membrane changing assembly; 8. Sampling pipeline; 9. Isokinetic sampling assembly; 91. Water collection module; 92. Desiccant filling module; 93. Shut-off valve; 94. Regulating valve; 95. First air pump; 96. First flow meter; 97. Volumetric flow meter; 98. Measurement module; 99. Barometer; 10 PM 10 Cutter; 11, PM 2.5 12. Cutter; 13. Condenser; 14. Collection bottle; 15. Buffer bottle; 16. CPM weighing balance; 17. CPM automatic membrane changing assembly; 18. Gas-liquid separator; 19. Nitrogen backflushing assembly; 20. Second vacuum pump; 21. Second flow meter. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-5 The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: As Figure 1As shown, this invention discloses a field direct-reading testing system for FPM, CPM, and TPM of stationary pollutants, including a sampling probe 2, an FPM testing unit 4, and a CPM testing unit 5. The sampling probe 2 is inserted into the exhaust gas pipe 1 to sample the gas. The FPM testing unit 4 includes an FPM weighing balance 6 and an isokinetic sampling component 9 connected sequentially through a sampling pipeline 8. The FPM weighing balance 6 is equipped with an FPM automatic membrane changing component 7, and the inlet of the FPM weighing balance 6 is connected to the outlet of the sampling probe 2 through a heated delivery hose 3. The CPM testing unit 5 includes a PM2.5 test module connected sequentially through the sampling pipeline 8. 10 Cutter 10, PM 2.5 Cutter 11, condenser unit, water-soluble substance collection unit, sample buffer unit, CPM weighing balance 15, gas-liquid separation unit, backflushing unit, PM 10 The inlet of the cutter 10 is connected to the outlet of the isokinetic sampling component 9 via a heated delivery hose 3; the CPM weighing balance 15 is equipped with an automatic CPM membrane changing component 16; the sampling probe 2 collects exhaust gas from the exhaust gas emission pipe 1 and heats it before sequentially delivering it to the FPM testing unit 4 and the CPM testing unit 5. The FPM testing unit 4 detects the FPM concentration in the exhaust gas from the stationary pollution source, and the CPM testing unit 5 detects the CPM concentration in the exhaust gas from the stationary pollution source. The on-site direct-reading testing system of this invention adopts a portable, integrated structure. Based on the principle of the oscillating balance method, it can simultaneously detect the concentrations of filterable particulate matter (FPM), condensable particulate matter (CPM), and total particulate matter (TPM). It has a high degree of automation, can automatically change membranes, achieves full-process heating and no condensation, and performs isokinetic tracking sampling. The sampling probe 2, sampling pipeline 8, and FPM testing unit 4 are heated at high temperatures throughout the process, and the CPM testing unit 5 is temperature-controlled throughout the process. After monitoring, samples can be retained for traceability and on-site quality control, reducing human error and meeting the quality control requirements of existing national and industry standards, ensuring the timeliness of the test data.

[0020] The FPM testing unit 4 and CPM testing unit 5 of this invention can be used in combination or separately; the CPM testing unit 5 can be used in conjunction with an isokinetic smoke sampler, a B-ray method FPM smoke direct reading tester, or an optical method FPM smoke direct reading tester. This on-site direct reading testing system can be mounted on a drone for unmanned high-altitude monitoring and plume tracking monitoring.

[0021] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the condensation unit is related to PM 2.5The system includes a condenser 12 connected to the outlet of the cutter; a water-soluble substance collection unit consisting of a collection bottle 13 connected to the condensate discharge port of the condenser; a sample buffer unit consisting of a buffer bottle 14 connected to the gas discharge port of the condenser, which is connected to the inlet of the CPM weighing balance 15 via a sampling pipeline 8; a gas-liquid separation unit consisting of a gas-liquid separator 17 connected to the outlet of the CPM weighing balance 15; and a backflushing unit consisting of a nitrogen backflushing assembly 18 connected to the gas-liquid separator 17 via a three-way valve, with one port of the three-way valve sequentially connected to a second suction pump 19 and a second flow meter 20. After the FPM concentration test is completed, the gas to be tested enters the CPM test unit 5 and passes through the PM... 10 Cutter, PM 2.5 After being cut, the particles are condensed and dehydrated, and then enriched on the CPM filter membrane (the filter membrane component allows for sample retention for traceability). After being weighed by a temperature-controlled oscillating balance, the mass of CPM particles is measured, and the CPM concentration is calculated based on the sampling volume. This system can simultaneously monitor FPM, CPM, and TPM concentrations without the need for complex processes such as pre-sampling preparation, sample transportation, laboratory constant weight, laboratory weighing, and data calculation. This effectively improves work efficiency and greatly reduces the number of on-site testing personnel and their workload. It is suitable for the determination of particulate matter in exhaust gases from coal-fired, gas-fired, and biomass-fired boilers, as well as cement kilns, cement mills, and steel sintering plants.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figures 3-4 As shown, the FPM weighing balance 6 is a high-temperature balance, and the CPM weighing balance 15 is a temperature-controlled balance with heating and cooling functions. The CPM weighing module employs an oscillating balance method, a beta-ray method, or an optical method. Both the FPM weighing balance 6 and the CPM weighing balance 15 include a balance housing and a heating chamber within the housing, with the lower ends of both the housing and the heating chamber being open. The top of the balance housing has an oscillating tube made of metal, quartz, or carbon fiber that extends into the heating chamber. A filter membrane support is located at the lower end of the oscillating tube, on which a filter membrane can be installed and removed. This system uses a high-precision high-temperature balance unit to test the FPM mass, effectively eliminating the interference of condensate water on particulate matter detection; the oscillation tube is preferably made of metal, ensuring good stability and resistance to damage; a temperature-controlled oscillation balance unit is used to test the CPM mass, ensuring no loss during CPM weighing; both FPM testing unit 4 and CPM testing unit 5 have automatic membrane changing functions, which can operate automatically or manually, and can separately grab and install calibration and sampling membranes. It enables sampling, sample retention, and on-site quality control; reduces operator workload, avoids human error, ensures data timeliness, and meets quality control requirements.

[0023] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, the sampling probe 2 includes a probe tube 21, which is made of stainless steel or titanium alloy. One end of the probe tube 21 extends into the mounting flange on the side wall of the exhaust gas duct 1 for sampling. Inside the probe tube 21, there is a heated sampling tube 22, a temperature sensor 26, and a differential pressure detection module 27. The front end of the heated sampling tube 22 extends out of the probe tube 21 to form a forward bend. The front end of the forward bend is provided with a sampling head 24 opposite to the flow direction of the flue gas. The front end of the sampling head 24 is provided with a sampling nozzle 25, the diameter of which is selected according to the flow rate of the gas to be measured. The front end of the differential pressure detection module 27 is connected and installed inside the probe tube. Its front end is provided with a Pitot tube 23 extending out of the probe tube. The Pitot tube 23 and the differential pressure detection module 27 work together to measure the static pressure, dynamic pressure, and total pressure of the exhaust gas. The temperature sensor 26 is used to detect the gas temperature inside the exhaust gas duct 1. In this system, sampling probe 2 measures the temperature through a built-in temperature sensor, while the Pitot tube and differential pressure detection module measure the pressure and flow rate of the exhaust gas sample. The measured signals are transmitted to the main control board to achieve isokinetic tracking sampling. The gas sample to be tested enters the FPM weighing balance through sampling probe 2 and heated delivery hose 3. The particulate matter is enriched on the FPM filter membrane (the filter membrane component can be retained for traceability). The mass of FPM particulate matter is measured by the change in the oscillation frequency of the high-temperature balance. Then, the concentration of filterable particulate matter (FPM) is calculated based on the sampling volume.

[0024] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the isokinetic sampling assembly 9 includes a shut-off valve 93, a regulating valve 94, a first suction pump 95, a first flow meter 96, and a volumetric flow meter 97, all sequentially connected to the sampling pipeline 8. The volumetric flow meter 97 is equipped with a measurement module 98, which includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. A barometer 99 is also integrated inside the detection chamber to detect the atmospheric pressure at the working location of the testing system. The first suction pump 95 provides suction power for the sampling probe 2 and the sampling pipeline 8. The first flow meter 96 can monitor the gas flow rate through the sampling pipeline 8 in real time. The regulating valve 94 can adjust the flow rate, and the first flow meter 96 can measure the gas flow rate. The volumetric flow meter 97 can calculate the sampling volume per unit time, providing sampling volume parameters to the FPM testing unit 4, thereby assisting the FPM testing unit 4 in calculating the FPM particulate matter content and concentration in the exhaust gas.

[0025] In one specific embodiment, such as Figures 3-4As shown, both the FPM automatic membrane changing assembly 7 and the CPM automatic membrane changing assembly 16 can adopt the technical solution disclosed in patent CN221405280U, which describes a portable automatic membrane changing dust and flue gas tester. Specifically, the automatic membrane changing unit includes a translation mechanism perpendicular to the opening of the high-temperature balance. The translation mechanism includes a horizontally positioned drive screw and a translation drive motor connected to the drive screw. A lifting mechanism is connected to the translation mechanism, including a lifting drive motor and a corresponding transmission screw. A robotic arm module and a robotic claw connected to the top of the lifting mechanism are located at its top. A heating tube is fixedly fitted around the outer periphery of the robotic claw, with an open top that can engage with the open end of the heating sampling unit or the high-temperature balance. The translation drive motor drives the drive screw to rotate, which in turn drives the lifting mechanism to move along the drive screw. The lifting drive motor, in turn, drives the transmission screw to rotate, causing the robotic arm module to perform lifting and lowering actions. This automatic membrane changing unit uses a translation drive motor to move the robotic arm module and robotic gripper horizontally, aligning the heating tube with the open end of the high-temperature balance. A lifting drive motor controls the forward and backward movement of the robotic arm module and robotic gripper, completing the docking of the heating tube with the open end of the high-temperature balance. The robotic arm module can drive the robotic gripper to open or grasp the filter membrane, facilitating the installation of the filter membrane onto the high-temperature balance. The automatic membrane changing unit also includes a filter membrane storage tray located on one side of the robotic gripper. The storage tray is equipped with a rotary drive motor that rotates the tray sequentially. The storage tray has filter membrane slots for holding new filter membranes or retaining filter membrane samples. The sequential rotation of the storage tray, in conjunction with the robotic gripper, completes the grasping or storage of the filter membrane. This automatic membrane changing unit enables unattended operation, reduces the workload of operators, avoids human error, and ensures the timeliness of data. After testing, samples can be retained for traceability, meeting quality control requirements. It can not only set the total sampling time and the sampling time of a single sample, but also set the sampling interval time, automatically changing the sampling filter membrane and retaining the sample, realizing unattended automatic monitoring.

[0026] The direct-reading test system of this invention includes a positioning module and a communication module electrically connected to the main control module within the test chamber. The positioning module includes a GPS navigation module and / or a Beidou navigation module; the communication module includes a 4G communication module and / or a 5G communication module. The positioning module facilitates real-time tracking and monitoring of the system's working location by the control center or environmental monitoring management department; the communication module facilitates the transmission of test results to the control center or environmental monitoring management department via wireless signals. The test chamber of this system also includes a control panel with an integrated display. The control panel is electrically connected to the main control module, enabling human-machine interaction between the control panel and the main control module. The control panel issues commands to the main control module and displays relevant measurement data obtained by the sampling probe 2, FPM test unit 4, and CPM test unit 5.

[0027] Example 2: This invention also discloses a method for testing FPM, CPM and TPM in exhaust gas from stationary pollution sources, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Use sampling probe 2 to collect exhaust gas samples at a moderate speed through exhaust gas emission pipe 1; Step 2: The exhaust gas sample flows through the heated delivery hose 3 through the FPM test unit 4. The particulate matter is enriched on the filter membrane and the FPM concentration is calculated by weighing it using the FPM weighing balance 6. Step 3: After the FPM particle test is completed or simultaneously, the exhaust gas sample is introduced into the CPM test unit 5. After being cut, condensed and dehydrated, the exhaust gas sample is enriched on the CPM filter membrane. The CPM concentration is calculated by weighing using the CPM weighing balance 15. Step 4: Based on the FPM and CPM concentration values, automatically calculate the sum of FPM and CPM to obtain the TPM value; Step 5: During the detection process in Step 2 or Step 3, the filter membrane is automatically replaced and samples are retained using the FPM automatic membrane replacement assembly 7 or the CPM automatic membrane replacement assembly 16. Step 6: After the detection is completed in Step 2, Step 3 or Step 4, remote data transmission and instrument positioning are achieved through the communication unit.

[0028] The system of this invention can be set with total sampling time, single sample sampling time, sampling interval time, automatic replacement of sampling filter membrane, and sample retention. This testing method has at least two sample introduction methods: ① During FPM detection, the exhaust gas sample passes through a heated sampling tube heated to 105±5℃ (temperature adjustable from 0-180℃), flows through a heated sampling port with adjustable temperature (0-180℃), and the filter membrane installed in the heated sampling unit captures particulate matter. After sampling, the automatic membrane replacement unit operates, and a high-temperature balance weighs the sample and provides FPM mass and concentration data; ② During CPM detection, the sample passes through PM... 10 Cutter and PM 2.5 After being cut, the particles are condensed and dehydrated, and then enriched on the CPM filter membrane. After being weighed by a temperature-controlled oscillating balance, the mass and concentration of condensable particulate matter (CPM) are measured, and the TPM concentration is automatically calculated. The system can be remotely controlled and transmit data. The FPM test unit 4 and CPM test unit 5 of the system can be used together or separately. The CPM test unit 5 can also be used in conjunction with an isokinetic smoke sampler, a B-ray method FPM smoke direct reading tester, or an optical method FPM smoke direct reading tester. The system can be mounted on a drone for unmanned high-altitude monitoring and plume tracking monitoring.

[0029] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field direct-reading testing system for FPM, CPM, and TPM of stationary pollutants, characterized in that, include: Sampling probe (2), which is inserted into the exhaust gas pipe (1) to sample the gas; The FPM test unit (4) includes an FPM weighing balance (6) and an isokinetic sampling component (9) connected sequentially through a sampling pipeline (8); the FPM weighing balance (6) is equipped with an FPM automatic membrane changing component (7), and the inlet of the FPM weighing balance (6) is connected to the outlet of the sampling probe (2) through a heated delivery hose (3); CPM testing unit (5), the CPM testing unit (5) comprising PM samples sequentially connected via sampling pipe (8) 10 Cutter (10), PM 2.5 The components include a cutter (11), a condensation unit, a water-soluble substance collection unit, a sample buffer unit, a CPM weighing balance (15), a gas-liquid separation unit, and a backflushing unit. 10 The inlet end of the cutter (10) is connected to the outlet end of the isokinetic sampling component (9) through the heated delivery hose (3); the CPM weighing balance (15) is equipped with a CPM automatic membrane changing component (16). The sampling probe (2) collects the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas emission pipe (1) and heats it before sending it to the FPM test unit (4) and the CPM test unit (5). The FPM test unit (4) detects the FPM concentration in the exhaust gas from the stationary pollution source, and the CPM test unit (5) detects the CPM concentration in the exhaust gas from the stationary pollution source.

2. The on-site direct-reading testing system for FPM, CPM, and TPM for immobilizing pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The FPM test unit (4) and CPM test unit (5) can be used together or separately; the CPM test unit (5) can be used in conjunction with a flue gas isokinetic sampler, a B-ray method FPM flue gas direct reading tester or an optical method FPM flue gas direct reading tester.

3. The on-site direct-reading testing system for FPM, CPM, and TPM for immobilizing pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The on-site direct reading test system is mounted on a drone for unmanned high-altitude monitoring and plume tracking monitoring.

4. The on-site direct-reading testing system for FPM, CPM, and TPM for immobilizing pollutants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condensation unit is related to PM 2.5 The condenser (12) is connected to the outlet end of the cutter. The water-soluble substance collection unit is a collection bottle (13) connected to the condensate discharge port of the condenser. The sample buffer unit is a buffer bottle (14) connected to the gas discharge port of the condenser. The buffer bottle (14) is connected to the inlet of the CPM weighing balance (15) through the sampling pipeline (8). The gas-water separation unit is a gas-water separator (17) connected to the outlet end of the CPM weighing balance (15). The backflush unit is a nitrogen backflush assembly (18) connected to the gas-water separator (17) via a three-way valve, and one port of the three-way valve is connected in sequence to the second air pump (19) and the second flow meter (20).

5. The field direct-reading testing system for FPM, CPM, and TPM for immobilizing pollutants according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The FPM weighing balance (6) is a high-temperature balance, and the CPM weighing balance (15) is a temperature-controlled balance with heating and cooling functions; wherein, the CPM weighing module adopts an oscillating balance method module, a B-ray method module, or an optical method module; All include a balance box and a heating cavity set inside the balance box, and the lower ends of the balance box and the heating cavity are open; the top of the balance box is provided with an oscillating tube made of metal, quartz or carbon fiber that extends into the heating cavity, and a filter membrane support is provided at the lower end of the oscillating tube, on which a filter membrane is detached and installed.

6. The on-site direct-reading testing system for FPM, CPM, and TPM for immobilizing pollutants according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sampling probe (2) includes a probe tube (21), which is made of stainless steel or titanium alloy. One end of the probe tube (21) extends into the mounting flange on the side wall of the exhaust gas discharge pipe (1) for sampling. The probe tube body (21) is equipped with a heating sampling tube (22), a temperature sensor (26) and a differential pressure detection module (37). The front end of the heating sampling tube (22) extends out of the probe tube body (21) to form a forward bend. The front end of the forward bend is equipped with a sampling head (24) opposite to the flow direction of the flue gas. The front end of the sampling head (24) is equipped with a sampling nozzle (25). The diameter of the sampling nozzle (25) is selected according to the flow rate of the gas to be measured. The differential pressure detection module (27) is connected to and installed inside the probe tube body at the front end, and a Pitot tube (23) is provided at the front end of the probe tube body. The Pitot tube (23) and the differential pressure detection module (27) work together to measure the static pressure, dynamic pressure and total pressure of the exhaust gas. The temperature sensor (26) is used to detect the gas temperature inside the exhaust pipe (1).

7. The on-site direct-reading testing system for FPM, CPM, and TPM for immobilizing pollutants according to claim 6, characterized in that, The isokinetic sampling component (9) includes a shut-off valve (93), a regulating valve (94), a first air pump (95), a first flow meter (96), and a volumetric flow meter (97) that are sequentially connected to the sampling pipeline (8). The volumetric flow meter (97) is equipped with a measurement module (98), which includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. A barometer (99) is also integrated inside the detection chamber to detect the atmospheric pressure at the working position of the testing system.

8. A method for testing FPM, CPM, and TPM in stationary pollution source exhaust gas using the on-site direct reading testing system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect waste gas samples at a medium speed by using a sampling probe (2) to track the waste gas emission pipe (1); Step 2: The exhaust gas sample flows through the FPM test unit (4) via the heated delivery hose (3). The particulate matter is enriched on the filter membrane and the FPM concentration is calculated by weighing it using the FPM weighing balance (6). Step 3: After the FPM particle test is completed or simultaneously, the exhaust gas sample is introduced into the CPM test unit (5). After the exhaust gas sample is cut, condensed and dehydrated, it is enriched on the CPM filter membrane. The CPM concentration is calculated by weighing with a CPM weighing balance (15). Step 4: Based on the FPM and CPM concentration values, automatically calculate the sum of FPM and CPM to obtain the TPM value; Step 5: During the detection process in Step 2 or Step 3, the filter membrane is automatically replaced and samples are retained using the FPM automatic membrane replacement assembly (7) or the CPM automatic membrane replacement assembly (16). Step 6: After the detection is completed in Step 2, Step 3 or Step 4, remote data transmission and instrument positioning are achieved through the communication unit.

9. The method for testing FPM, CPM and TPM in stationary source exhaust gas according to claim 8, characterized in that, The FPM and CPM testing processes in steps 2 and 3 are heated throughout. The FPM control ranges the exhaust gas temperature from 0 to 180℃, while the CPM control ranges the exhaust gas temperature from 0 to 30℃.

10. The method for testing FPM, CPM and TPM in stationary source exhaust gas according to claim 8, characterized in that, The on-site direct reading test system supports setting the total sampling time, single sample sampling time, sampling interval, and supports automatic or manual membrane changing modes.

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