Coal pyrolysis gasification device and system and application and treatment method
By designing the connection method between the pyrolysis chamber and the gasification chamber of the pyrolysis gasification device, the problem of the generation of solid products and syngas in coal pyrolysis was solved, achieving efficient graded utilization of coal and avoiding equipment damage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410577842.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-11
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, coal pyrolysis is difficult to produce high-quality solid products and syngas simultaneously, and the pipelines are prone to ablation, abrasion, and blockage.
Design a coal pyrolysis gasification device, including a pyrolysis chamber and a gasification chamber, which are connected by an oxygen nozzle at a specific angle and a pyrolysis gas channel to achieve coupling of pyrolysis and gasification, generate high-quality syngas and avoid internal component ablation and blockage.
It achieves maximum production of solid products and high-quality syngas, avoids the problems of ablation, wear and blockage of internal components, and improves energy utilization efficiency.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a coal pyrolysis gasification device, system, application, and processing method. Background Technology
[0002] Among these developments, graded and differentiated utilization of coal has become a crucial direction for the future development of coal utilization. This technology involves adding oxygen in stages to carbonaceous materials such as coal, simultaneously producing pyrolysis coke and syngas. This process transforms coal into high-quality coke and high-grade syngas, achieving graded and differentiated utilization of coal. The produced coke can be widely used in metallurgy, clean fuels, carbon materials, and other fields, while the syngas can be used for hydrogen production, synthetic chemicals, and industrial fuel gas.
[0003] Coal is a complex organic material rich in CH bonds. Pyrolysis and gasification are two main ways to utilize coal. Traditional pyrolysis decomposes coal (caking coking coal, common bituminous coal) at medium to low temperatures, producing solid products (coke, semi-coke) and gaseous products (coke oven gas, raw coal gas). Due to the low pyrolysis temperature, the gaseous products contain a large number of large-molecule CH compounds (such as tar), methane, and other substances. These gaseous products suffer from complex post-processing, environmental unfriendliness, and the inability of gaseous components to be used in chemical production. Their treatment and separation require separate compression, transportation, and conversion, which are complex processes with high investment costs. Traditional gasification, on the other hand, uses oxygen and high-temperature gasification to convert all CH compounds in coal into components such as CO and H2. It has advantages such as being clean and efficient, but it does not produce solid products and suffers from poor coal quality utilization and low overall coal utilization rate.
[0004] Therefore, in the graded utilization of coal, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of coal graded gasification technology and gasifier to decompose coal into solid products (semi-coke, coke) and gaseous products (CO, H2) to achieve high-quality utilization of coal.
[0005] The conversion furnace is the core and key equipment for coal classification and utilization, and its characteristics directly affect the product composition, process performance, and environmental performance of coal classification and utilization. Existing coal classification and utilization technologies mainly include coke ovens (fixed bed) and pyrolysis furnaces (fixed bed, fluidized bed). The generated pyrolysis gas is transported through pipelines for coke oven gas conversion and raw coal gas conversion. This involves two reaction devices: the coal pyrolysis furnace and the gaseous product conversion furnace. This presents problems such as complex equipment and processes, and pipelines prone to ablation, abrasion, and blockage. Therefore, cooling of the gaseous products is necessary, leading to low energy utilization efficiency, tar dust blockage in cooling equipment, and complex tar precipitation treatment. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as difficulty in simultaneously producing solid products and high-quality syngas during coal pyrolysis at low temperatures, and the susceptibility of pipelines to ablation, erosion, and blockage, this invention provides a coal pyrolysis gasification device, system, application, and processing method. The device, system, and method of this application can perform graded pyrolysis and gasification of coal, and can couple coal pyrolysis with pyrolysis gas conversion. While grading coal (e.g., coking coal, bituminous coal) into solid products (e.g., coke, semi-coke), it simultaneously produces high-quality syngas mainly composed of CO and H2, which has a low dust content and achieves maximum output of both products. Furthermore, this device does not cause problems such as ablation, erosion, or blockage of internal components.
[0007] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solutions:
[0008] This invention provides a coal pyrolysis gasification device, which includes a shell, and a pyrolysis chamber, a gasification chamber and a pyrolysis gas passage disposed within the shell;
[0009] The pyrolysis chamber includes a coal inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet, and a solid product outlet; the pyrolysis gas outlet and the solid product outlet are respectively located at the top and bottom of the pyrolysis chamber.
[0010] The gasification chamber includes a pyrolysis gas inlet, at least two oxygen nozzles, and a syngas outlet. The pyrolysis gas inlet and the syngas outlet are respectively located at the bottom and top of the gasification chamber. The pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis chamber is connected to the pyrolysis gas inlet of the gasification chamber through the pyrolysis gas channel, forming the pyrolysis chamber and the gasification chamber interconnected from top to bottom. The outlets of each oxygen nozzle are symmetrically arranged obliquely upward around the pyrolysis gas inlet, and the angle between the axis of each oxygen nozzle and the radial direction of the gasification chamber is 0°-60°. The ratio of the distance from the outlet of the oxygen nozzle to the pyrolysis gas outlet to the diameter of the pyrolysis chamber D1 is (0.5-1):1.
[0011] The diameter of the pyrolysis gas channel is 0.1D1-D1, where D1 is the diameter of the pyrolysis chamber.
[0012] In this invention, the above design ensures that the generated solid product (particles) will not break due to further pyrolysis or gasification reactions; it also generates high-quality syngas, avoiding the situation where the pyrolysis gas is rich in tar due to limited process conditions, and syngas with high methane content is generated during further gasification.
[0013] In this invention, the above design enables the pyrolysis chamber and the gasification chamber to be isolated from each other; high-quality syngas is generated in the pyrolysis chamber, and solid products are produced to the greatest extent possible; and the generated pyrolysis gas undergoes high-temperature conversion in the higher-temperature gasification chamber.
[0014] In this invention, the above design allows multiple streams of oxygen in the gasification chamber to collide and generate a refracted flame, thereby achieving a higher temperature in the pyrolysis gas channel (the throat of the coal pyrolysis gasification device) and the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber near the pyrolysis gas channel, thus avoiding blockage caused by the pyrolysis gas entering the gasification chamber from above.
[0015] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis chamber may be a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, or a vertical furnace.
[0016] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis chamber is a vertical furnace structure.
[0017] In one embodiment, the pyrolysis chamber is preferably a fixed bed. When a fixed bed is used as the pyrolysis chamber at the bottom of the pyrolysis gasification device, it has a lower oxygen-to-coal ratio compared to a traditional fixed bed, in order to prepare semi-coke and pyrolysis gas. The semi-coke is a solid product, and the pyrolysis gas is used for subsequent gasification reactions.
[0018] In this invention, coal can be added into the pyrolysis chamber through a silo or feed head and through the coal inlet.
[0019] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis chamber further includes several oxygen inlets for supplying oxygen to the pyrolysis chamber; under the action of a certain amount of oxygen, the coal and the semi-coke produced by the coal undergo partial combustion, and the heat generated is used to provide the energy required for the pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis chamber.
[0020] In a specific implementation, the coal inlet is located in the upper middle part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the oxygen inlet is located in the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber.
[0021] In a specific embodiment, the number of oxygen inlets is 6-16; preferably, the oxygen inlets are symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the pyrolysis gasification device; preferably, each of the oxygen inlets is arranged from top to bottom in the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber so that the oxygen required for the pyrolysis reaction is added in layers.
[0022] The above design enables the formation of a stable moving bed within the furnace and ensures a better pyrolysis temperature field during the pyrolysis process. Furthermore, the bed temperature in the pyrolysis reaction is uniform, resulting in a high yield of solid products.
[0023] In some embodiments, the ratio of the height H1 of the pyrolysis chamber to the diameter D1 of the pyrolysis chamber is (1-5):1, for example, 3:1.
[0024] In some embodiments, the diameter of the pyrolysis gas channel is 0.1D1-0.8D1, preferably 0.1D1, 0.2D1, 0.4D1 or 0.5D1, where D1 is the diameter of the pyrolysis chamber.
[0025] In some embodiments, the solid product outlet is provided with a solid product lock hopper or a continuous carbon removal device.
[0026] When the pyrolysis chamber involves pressurization, the solid product outlet may optionally be equipped with a solid product lock hopper.
[0027] The solid product lock hopper can be selected conventionally in the field based on the solid product, preferably a coke lock hopper or a semi-coke lock hopper.
[0028] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis chamber further includes an exhaust gas treatment nozzle; the exhaust gas treatment nozzle is located at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber or at a position on the side wall 0.5D1 away from the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber.
[0029] The exhaust gas treatment nozzle is used to treat gases containing calorific value generated by the system or industrial park to recover resources and energy. Typical examples include tail gas separated by PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) or purge gas generated by a shift separation unit.
[0030] When the amount of waste gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber is small, the CO2 and water vapor generated by combustion in the pyrolysis chamber will enter the gasification chamber together with the pyrolysis gas.
[0031] In this invention, the oxygen nozzle is designed to be angled upward in the vaporization chamber so that the introduced oxygen forms an upward impact flow field after impact.
[0032] In some embodiments, the number of oxygen nozzles is 2-8, preferably 4.
[0033] In some embodiments, the axis of each oxygen nozzle is at a 45° angle to the radial direction of the vaporization chamber.
[0034] In this invention, the main function of the gasification chamber is to convert the pyrolysis gas and carbon-containing particles generated in the pyrolysis chamber at the bottom of the pyrolysis gasification device into high-temperature synthesis gas mainly composed of CO and H2.
[0035] In some embodiments, the ratio of the height H2 of the vaporization chamber to the diameter D2 of the vaporization chamber is (3-10):1, for example, 6:1.
[0036] In some embodiments, the diameter D2 of the vaporization chamber is 0.2-1.2 times the diameter D1 of the pyrolysis chamber, preferably 0.8 times.
[0037] In some embodiments, both the pyrolysis chamber and the gasification chamber are provided with heat-insulating linings; preferably, the heat-insulating linings include water-cooled linings and / or refractory brick linings; more preferably, the heat-insulating linings are refractory brick linings; by providing the refractory brick linings, both the pyrolysis chamber and the gasification chamber can operate at low temperatures, achieving product grading, low consumption, and high efficiency.
[0038] In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the pyrolysis gas channel to the diameter D1 of the pyrolysis chamber is (0.1-0.25):1; the length of the pyrolysis gas channel refers to the axial dimension of the pyrolysis gas channel.
[0039] The present invention also provides a coal pyrolysis gasification system, which includes a pyrolysis gasification unit and a waste heat recovery unit. The pyrolysis gasification unit includes the coal pyrolysis gasification device as described above, and the waste heat recovery unit includes a heat exchange device. The inlet of the heat exchange device is connected to the syngas outlet for recovering sensible heat in the syngas and producing steam as a byproduct.
[0040] In some embodiments, the heat exchange equipment includes a quencher or a waste heat exchanger.
[0041] In a specific implementation, the waste boiler includes a fire-tube boiler and / or a water-tube boiler, more preferably a fire-tube boiler.
[0042] In some embodiments, the coal pyrolysis gasification system further includes an interconnected washing unit and a PSA separation unit, wherein the inlet of the washing unit is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange equipment to carry out fly ash particles in the syngas.
[0043] In a specific embodiment, the washing unit includes a mixer, a water washing tower, and a compressor connected in sequence; the inlet of the mixer is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange equipment; and the outlet of the compressor is connected to the PSA separation unit.
[0044] In a specific implementation, the PSA separation unit includes a syngas component separation device, which includes an H2 outlet, an N2 outlet, a CO outlet, and a CO2 outlet; more preferably, the CO outlet and the CO2 outlet are both connected to the oxygen inlet in the pyrolysis chamber for combustion and to provide energy for the pyrolysis of the semi-coke.
[0045] In this invention, the PSA separation unit can be a conventional separation unit in the art.
[0046] The present invention also provides the application of the coal pyrolysis gasification device or the coal pyrolysis gasification system described above in the preparation of solid products and syngas.
[0047] The present invention also provides a coal pyrolysis gasification treatment method, which employs the coal pyrolysis gasification device or the coal pyrolysis gasification system described above, and includes the following steps:
[0048] S1. Coal is added to the pyrolysis chamber through the coal inlet to carry out a pyrolysis reaction, resulting in pyrolysis gas and solid products; the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 500-1300℃.
[0049] S2. The pyrolysis gas enters the gasification chamber through the pyrolysis gas channel and undergoes a gasification reaction to obtain syngas; the temperature of the gasification reaction is higher than the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction, and the temperature of the gasification reaction is 800-1200℃.
[0050] In some embodiments, the type of coal includes coking coal and / or bituminous coal.
[0051] In some embodiments, the coal may be in the form of lumps and / or granules.
[0052] In some embodiments, the material composition of the coal includes moisture, fixed carbon, volatile matter, and ash.
[0053] In a specific embodiment, the contents of moisture, fixed carbon, volatile matter, and ash are 1.4 wt%, 63.08 wt%, 24.31 wt%, and 12.61 wt%, respectively, where wt% refers to the percentage of the mass of each substance relative to the total mass of the coal.
[0054] In some embodiments, the elemental composition of the coal includes one or more of dry-based carbon, dry-based hydrogen, dry-based oxygen, dry-based nitrogen, and dry-based sulfur.
[0055] In a specific embodiment, when the elemental composition of the coal includes dry-based carbon, dry-based hydrogen, dry-based oxygen, dry-based nitrogen, and dry-based sulfur, the contents of the dry-based carbon, the dry-based hydrogen, the dry-based oxygen, the dry-based nitrogen, and the dry-based sulfur are 67.13 wt%, 2.92 wt%, 2.19 wt%, 0.99 wt%, and 0.369 wt%, respectively. wt% refers to the percentage of the mass of each element component relative to the total mass of the coal.
[0056] In some embodiments, in step S1, oxygen is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber through the oxygen inlet for combustion and to provide energy for the pyrolysis of the semi-coke; the amount of oxygen added is controlled according to the pyrolysis temperature to maintain the optimal yield of solid products.
[0057] The amount of oxygen introduced can be adjusted according to the amount of coal processed, preferably 50-100 cubic meters per ton of coal.
[0058] In a preferred embodiment, when the coal is coking coal, the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 900℃-1300℃; the solid product is coke; preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 1000℃, at which temperature the pyrolysis gas constant of coking coal is the largest.
[0059] The coke is in the form of large-scale solid particles and can be collected at the solid product outlet.
[0060] In a preferred embodiment, when the coal is bituminous coal, the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 500℃-800℃; the solid product is semi-coke; preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 650℃, at which temperature the pyrolysis gas constant of bituminous coal is the largest.
[0061] The semi-coke is in the form of large-scale solid particles, which can be collected at the solid product outlet.
[0062] In some embodiments, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas channel is greater than 800°C.
[0063] In some embodiments, the temperature of the gasification reaction is 1200°C.
[0064] In this invention, the temperature of the gasification reaction can be less than 1200°C. At this temperature, the methane content in the synthesis gas is high, and the methane can be separated in the subsequent separation unit and then returned to the lower pyrolysis bed as fuel gas.
[0065] In this invention, the device, system or method can be used to achieve the integration of existing coke ovens (coking plant coke ovens) and coke oven gas conversion furnaces (which convert coke oven gas into syngas).
[0066] Based on common knowledge in the field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred embodiments of the present invention.
[0067] The reagents and raw materials used in this invention are all commercially available.
[0068] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows:
[0069] 1. The apparatus, system and method of this application can perform graded treatment of coal pyrolysis and gasification, and can realize the coupling of coal pyrolysis and pyrolysis gas conversion. While classifying coal (coking coal, bituminous coal) into solid products (coke, semi-coke), it produces high-quality syngas mainly composed of CO and H2, which has a low dust content and can achieve the maximum output of these two products.
[0070] 2. The device described in this application will not cause problems such as burning, abrasion, or blockage of internal components. Attached Figure Description
[0071] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the coal pyrolysis gasification device according to Embodiment 1 of this application;
[0072] Figure 2 This is a dimension diagram of the coal pyrolysis gasification device according to Embodiment 1 of this application;
[0073] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coal pyrolysis gasification system of Embodiment 1 of this application.
[0074] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0075] Casing 1
[0076] Pyrolysis Chamber 2
[0077] Coal imports 201
[0078] pyrolysis gas outlet 202
[0079] Solid product exports 203
[0080] Oxygen inlet 204
[0081] Gasification Chamber 3
[0082] pyrolysis gas inlet 301
[0083] Oxygen Nozzle 302
[0084] Syngas outlet 303
[0085] pyrolysis gas channel 4
[0086] Pyrolysis Gasification Unit 1001
[0087] Waste heat recovery unit 1002
[0088] Washing unit 1003
[0089] PSA Separation Unit 1004
[0090] Raw material storage tank 5. Detailed Implementation
[0091] The present invention is further illustrated below by way of embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein. Experimental methods in the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions were performed according to conventional methods and conditions, or as selected according to the product instructions.
[0092] Example 1
[0093] This embodiment discloses a coal pyrolysis gasification device. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the coal pyrolysis gasification device according to this embodiment. The coal pyrolysis gasification device includes a shell 1, and a pyrolysis chamber 2, a gasification chamber 3, and a pyrolysis gas passage 4 disposed within the shell 1;
[0094] The pyrolysis chamber 2 includes a coal inlet 201, a pyrolysis gas outlet 202, and a solid product outlet 203; the pyrolysis gas outlet 202 and the solid product outlet 203 are respectively located at the top and bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 2.
[0095] The gasification chamber 3 includes a pyrolysis gas inlet 301, four oxygen nozzles 302, and a syngas outlet 303. The pyrolysis gas inlet 301 and the syngas outlet 303 are respectively located at the bottom and top of the gasification chamber 3. The pyrolysis gas outlet 202 of the pyrolysis chamber 2 is connected to the pyrolysis gas inlet 301 of the gasification chamber 3 through the pyrolysis gas channel 4, forming the pyrolysis chamber 2 and the gasification chamber 3 connected from top to bottom. The outlets of each oxygen nozzle 302 are symmetrically arranged obliquely upward around the pyrolysis gas inlet 301, and the angle between the axis of each oxygen nozzle 302 and the radial direction of the gasification chamber 3 is 45°.
[0096] The diameter of the pyrolysis gas channel 4 is 0.1D1, where D1 is the diameter of the pyrolysis chamber 2.
[0097] Figure 2 This is a dimension diagram of the coal pyrolysis gasification device in this embodiment.
[0098] The pyrolysis chamber 2 is a fixed bed type; the pyrolysis chamber 2 also includes four oxygen inlets 204, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs on both sides of the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber 2 to supply oxygen to the pyrolysis chamber 2; the coal inlet 201 is located in the middle and upper part of the pyrolysis chamber 2 and is connected to the raw material storage tank; the solid product outlet 203 is provided with a solid product lock hopper; the pyrolysis chamber 2 also includes a waste gas treatment nozzle; the waste gas treatment nozzle is located on the side wall at a distance of 0.5D1 from the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 2.
[0099] Oxygen nozzles 302 are arranged in a ring at the same height in the gasification chamber 3, and are opposite each other in pairs; both the pyrolysis chamber 2 and the gasification chamber 3 are provided with heat insulation lining; the heat insulation lining is a refractory brick lining. The distance L1 between the outlet of the oxygen nozzle 302 and the pyrolysis gas outlet 202 is 0.5D1; the length L2 of the pyrolysis gas channel 4 is 0.25D1.
[0100] This embodiment also discloses a coal pyrolysis gasification system. Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the coal pyrolysis gasification system of this embodiment. The coal pyrolysis gasification system includes a pyrolysis gasification unit 1001, a waste heat recovery unit 1002, a washing unit 1003, and a PSA separation unit 1004 connected in sequence. The pyrolysis gasification unit 1001 includes the coal pyrolysis gasification device as described above. The waste heat recovery unit 1002 includes a heat exchanger, the inlet of which is connected to the syngas outlet 303, for recovering sensible heat from the syngas and producing steam as a byproduct. The inlet of the washing unit 1003 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger. The washing unit 1003 includes a mixer, a water washing tower, and a compressor connected in sequence. The inlet of the mixer is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger. The outlet of the compressor is connected to the PSA separation unit 1004. The PSA separation unit 1004 includes a syngas component separation device, which includes an H2 outlet, an N2 outlet, a CO outlet, and a CO2 outlet. Both the CO outlet and the CO2 outlet are connected to the oxygen inlet 204 in the pyrolysis chamber 2 to provide oxidant to the pyrolysis chamber 2.
[0101] The daily processing capacity of this coal pyrolysis gasification unit or system can reach 500 tons (dry basis). In this embodiment, Shenfu lump coal is used as raw material, and its material composition, elemental composition, and physical property parameters correspond to Tables 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
[0102] Table 1
[0103] Material components content Air-dried basis moisture Mar 1.4% (wt) Dry-based fixed carbon Md 63.08% (wt) Volatile matter Vd on dry basis 24.31 (wt) Dry basis ash Ad 12.61% (wt)
[0104] Table 2
[0105] Elemental composition content Dry-based carbon Cd 67.13% (wt) Dry base hydrogen Hd 2.92% (wt) Dry base oxygen Od 2.19% (wt) Dry nitrogen Nd 0.99% (wt) Dry basis full sulfur St,d 0.369% (wt)
[0106] Table 3
[0107]
[0108] Based on the above-mentioned structural design of the pyrolysis gasification device, this embodiment further discloses the dimensional design of the pyrolysis gasification device. Table 4 shows the dimensions of each component in the pyrolysis gasification device.
[0109] Table 4
[0110] element Size Diameter D1 of the pyrolysis chamber D Height H1 of the pyrolysis chamber 3D The diameter D2 of the vaporization chamber 2D Height H2 of the vaporization chamber 5D Diameter of pyrolysis gas channel 0.1D
[0111] In the coal pyrolysis gasification process, the gasification conversion pressure is atmospheric pressure; the total oxygen content entering the system is 9000 Nm³. 3 / h, of which the amount of oxygen entering pyrolysis chamber 2 is 3000 Nm³. 3 The pyrolysis reaction temperature in pyrolysis chamber 2 is 650℃ / h, and the amount of oxygen entering gasification chamber 3 is 6000 Nm³. 3The gasification reaction temperature in gasification chamber 3 is 1200℃; the diameter D1 of pyrolysis chamber 2 is 5000mm, from which the other dimensions in Table 4 can be calculated. The high-temperature syngas from the syngas outlet 303 of the pyrolysis gasification unit can generate 5.0MPa steam through a fire-tube waste boiler, and then pass through an economizer, mixer, water scrubber, and PSA separation unit 1004. After the above treatment, the coke yield from pyrolysis chamber 2 is 350t / day, and the syngas flow rate from gasification chamber 3 is 16000Nm³. 3 The syngas produced per hour comprises CO and H2, with CO and H2 content exceeding 90% on a dry basis. The dust content of the syngas exiting gasification chamber 3 reaches 0.1 g / Nm³. 3 No problems such as burning, abrasion, or blockage of internal components were observed during the processing of this device.
[0112] Example 2
[0113] This embodiment uses a coal pyrolysis gasification device or system with the same structure as in Embodiment 1, and the daily processing capacity of the device or system can reach 1500 tons (dry basis). In this embodiment, Shenfu lump coal is used as raw material, and the material composition, elemental composition, and physical property parameters of the Shenfu lump coal raw material are the same as those of the Shenfu lump coal raw material in Embodiment 1.
[0114] Based on the above-mentioned pyrolysis gasification device structural design, this embodiment further discloses the dimensional design of the pyrolysis gasification device. Table 5 shows the dimensions of each component in the pyrolysis gasification device, and the dimensions of other structures are the same as those in Embodiment 1.
[0115] Table 5
[0116] element Size Diameter D1 of the pyrolysis chamber D Height H1 of the pyrolysis chamber 3D The diameter D2 of the vaporization chamber 2D Height H2 of the vaporization chamber 6D Diameter of pyrolysis gas channel 0.5D
[0117] In the coal pyrolysis gasification process, the gasification conversion pressure is 4.0 MPa; the total oxygen content entering the system is 25000 Nm³. 3 / h, of which the amount of oxygen entering pyrolysis chamber 2 is 8000 Nm³. 3 The pyrolysis reaction temperature in pyrolysis chamber 2 is 650℃, and the oxygen flow rate entering gasification chamber 3 is 17000 Nm³ / h. 3 The gasification reaction temperature in gasification chamber 3 is 1200℃; the diameter D1 of pyrolysis chamber 2 is 3000mm, from which the other dimensions in Table 5 can be calculated. The high-temperature syngas obtained from the syngas outlet 303 of the pyrolysis gasification unit can generate 5.0MPa steam through a fire-tube waste boiler, and then pass through an economizer, mixer, water washing tower, and PSA separation unit 1004. After the above treatment, the coke yield from pyrolysis chamber 2 is 1050t / day, and the syngas flow rate from gasification chamber 3 is 48000Nm³. 3The syngas produced per hour comprises CO and H2, with CO and H2 content exceeding 90% on a dry basis. The dust content of the syngas exiting gasification chamber 3 reaches 0.3 g / Nm³. 3 No problems such as burning, abrasion, or blockage of internal components were observed during the processing of this device.
[0118] Comparative Example 1
[0119] This comparative example uses a coal pyrolysis gasification device in which the axis of each oxygen nozzle 302 is at a radial angle of 75° with the gasification chamber 3. The other structures and dimensions of the device are the same as those in Example 1, and the processing method is exactly the same as that in Example 1.
[0120] After the above treatment, the coke yield from pyrolysis chamber 2 is 366 t / day, and the syngas flow rate from gasification chamber 3 is 14150 Nm³. 3 The syngas produced per hour comprises CO and H2, with CO and H2 comprising 85% on a dry basis. The dust content of the syngas exiting gasification chamber 3 reaches 1 g / Nm³. 3 During the processing of this device, the pyrolysis gas channel 4 became blocked, and the volatile matter content of the prepared coke was too high, resulting in poor quality.
[0121] Comparative Example 2
[0122] This comparative example uses a coal pyrolysis gasification device in which the diameter of the pyrolysis gas channel 4 is D1. The other structures and dimensions of the device are the same as those in Example 1, and the processing method is exactly the same as that in Example 1.
[0123] After the above treatment, the coke yield from pyrolysis chamber 2 is 325 t / day, and the syngas flow rate from gasification chamber 3 is 16250 Nm³. 3 The syngas produced per hour comprises CO and H2, with CO and H2 comprising 88% on a dry basis. During the treatment process of this unit, the dust content of the syngas exiting the gasification chamber reaches 13 g / Nm³. 3 .
[0124] Comparative Example 3
[0125] This comparative example uses a pyrolysis gasification system, which includes an independently set pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace. The pyrolysis furnace and the gasification furnace are connected in series through a pyrolysis gas channel 4, and their dimensions are the same as those of the pyrolysis chamber 2 and the gasification chamber 3 in Example 1.
[0126] During the pyrolysis and gasification process, the oxygen supply to both the pyrolysis furnace and the gasification furnace must be operated simultaneously, and the oxygen supply to both reactions cannot be adjusted, so the pyrolysis and gasification system cannot operate.
Claims
1. A coal pyrolysis gasification device, characterized in that, It includes a shell, and a pyrolysis chamber, a vaporization chamber and a pyrolysis gas passage disposed within the shell; The pyrolysis chamber includes a coal inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet, and a solid product outlet; the pyrolysis gas outlet and the solid product outlet are respectively located at the top and bottom of the pyrolysis chamber. The gasification chamber includes a pyrolysis gas inlet, at least two oxygen nozzles, and a syngas outlet. The pyrolysis gas inlet and the syngas outlet are respectively located at the bottom and top of the gasification chamber. The pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis chamber is connected to the pyrolysis gas inlet of the gasification chamber through the pyrolysis gas channel, forming the pyrolysis chamber and the gasification chamber interconnected from top to bottom. The outlets of each oxygen nozzle are symmetrically arranged obliquely upward around the pyrolysis gas inlet, and the angle between the axis of each oxygen nozzle and the radial direction of the gasification chamber is 0°-60°. The ratio of the distance from the outlet of the oxygen nozzle to the pyrolysis gas outlet to the diameter D1 of the pyrolysis chamber is (0.5-1):
1. The diameter of the pyrolysis gas channel is 0.1D1-D1, where D1 is the diameter of the pyrolysis chamber.
2. The coal pyrolysis gasification apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis chamber may be a fixed bed or a fluidized bed; And / or, the pyrolysis chamber is a vertical furnace structure; And / or, the pyrolysis chamber further includes a plurality of oxygen inlets for supplying oxygen to the pyrolysis chamber; And / or, the ratio of the height H1 of the pyrolysis chamber to the diameter D1 of the pyrolysis chamber is (1-5):1, for example, 3:1; And / or, the diameter of the pyrolysis gas channel is 0.1D1-0.8D1, preferably 0.1D1, 0.2D1, 0.4D1 or 0.5D1, where D1 is the diameter of the pyrolysis chamber; And / or, the solid product outlet is equipped with a solid product lock hopper or a continuous carbon discharge device; And / or, the pyrolysis chamber further includes an exhaust gas treatment nozzle; the exhaust gas treatment nozzle is located at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber, or at a position on the side wall 0.5D1 away from the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber.
3. The coal pyrolysis gasification apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The coal inlet is located in the upper middle part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the oxygen inlet is located in the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber. And / or, the number of oxygen inlets is 6-16.
4. The coal pyrolysis gasification apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of oxygen nozzles is 2-8, preferably 4; And / or, the angle between the axis of each oxygen nozzle and the radial direction of the vaporization chamber is 45°; And / or, the ratio of the height H2 of the vaporization chamber to the diameter D2 of the vaporization chamber is (3-10):1, for example, 6:1; And / or, the diameter D2 of the gasification chamber is 0.2-1.2 times the diameter D1 of the pyrolysis chamber, preferably 0.8 times; And / or, both the pyrolysis chamber and the gasification chamber are provided with heat-insulating linings; preferably, the heat-insulating linings include water-cooled linings and / or refractory brick linings; more preferably, the heat-insulating linings are refractory brick linings. And / or, the ratio of the length of the pyrolysis gas channel to the diameter D1 of the pyrolysis chamber is (0.1-0.25):
1.
5. A coal pyrolysis gasification system, characterized in that, It includes a pyrolysis gasification unit and a waste heat recovery unit. The pyrolysis gasification unit includes a coal pyrolysis gasification device as described in any one of claims 1-4. The waste heat recovery unit includes a heat exchange device. The inlet of the heat exchange device is connected to the syngas outlet for recovering sensible heat from the syngas and producing steam as a byproduct. Preferably, the heat exchange equipment includes a quencher or a waste heat boiler; More preferably, the waste boiler includes a fire-tube boiler and / or a water-tube boiler, and even more preferably a fire-tube boiler.
6. The coal pyrolysis gasification system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The coal pyrolysis gasification system also includes a washing unit and a PSA separation unit connected to each other, with the inlet of the washing unit connected to the outlet of the heat exchange equipment. Preferably, the washing unit includes a mixer, a water washing tower, and a compressor connected in sequence; the inlet of the mixer is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange equipment; and the outlet of the compressor is connected to the PSA separation unit. Preferably, the PSA separation unit includes a syngas component separation device, which includes an H2 outlet, an N2 outlet, a CO outlet, and a CO2 outlet; more preferably, the CO outlet and the CO2 outlet are both connected to the oxygen inlet in the pyrolysis chamber for combustion and to provide energy for the pyrolysis of the semi-coke.
7. The application of a coal pyrolysis gasification apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-4 or a coal pyrolysis gasification system as described in claim 5 or 6 in the preparation of solid products and syngas.
8. A method for processing coal through pyrolysis and gasification, characterized in that, It employs a coal pyrolysis gasification apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-4 or a coal pyrolysis gasification system as described in claim 5 or 6, and includes the following steps: S1. Coal is added to the pyrolysis chamber through the coal inlet to carry out a pyrolysis reaction, resulting in pyrolysis gas and solid products; the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 500-1300℃. S2. The pyrolysis gas enters the gasification chamber through the pyrolysis gas channel and undergoes a gasification reaction to obtain syngas; the temperature of the gasification reaction is higher than the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction, and the temperature of the gasification reaction is 800-1200℃.
9. The coal pyrolysis gasification treatment method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The types of coal include coking coal and / or bituminous coal; And / or, the coal may be in the form of lumps and / or granules; And / or, the material composition of the coal includes moisture, fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash; preferably, the contents of the moisture, fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash are 1.4 wt%, 63.08 wt%, 24.31 wt%, and 12.61 wt%, respectively, where wt% refers to the percentage of the mass of each material component to the total mass of the coal; And / or, the elemental composition of the coal includes one or more of dry-based carbon, dry-based hydrogen, dry-based oxygen, dry-based nitrogen, and dry-based sulfur; preferably, when the elemental composition of the coal includes dry-based carbon, dry-based hydrogen, dry-based oxygen, dry-based nitrogen, and dry-based sulfur, the contents of the dry-based carbon, the dry-based hydrogen, the dry-based oxygen, the dry-based nitrogen, and the dry-based sulfur are 67.13 wt%, 2.92 wt%, 2.19 wt%, 0.99 wt%, and 0.369 wt%, respectively, where wt% refers to the percentage of the mass of each element component relative to the total mass of the coal; And / or, in step S1, oxygen is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber for combustion and to provide energy for the pyrolysis of the semi-coke.
10. The coal pyrolysis gasification treatment method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, When the coal is coking coal, the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 900℃-1300℃, preferably 1000℃; The solid product is coke; Alternatively, when the coal is bituminous coal, the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 500℃-800℃, preferably 650℃; the solid product is semi-coke.