Box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure, and relates to the technical field of motor cooling. Comprising fans which are fixed at two ends of a rotor shaft in a motor shell and synchronously rotate along with a rotor to drive airflow; the flow guide cover is arranged on the outer side of the fan and located below the air inlet of the machine base and guides airflow to flow to the cooling area; the stator axial ventilation duct is located between the outer side of the stator and the motor shell and provides an axial heat dissipation path for the stator part; the rotor axial ventilating duct is positioned between the rotor iron core and the rotor shaft, and a plurality of rib plates are fixed on the circumference of the rotor shaft; the rotor radial ventilation duct is arranged on the rotor and distributes axial airflow to the radial direction of the rotor; and the stator radial ventilating duct is arranged on the stator, corresponds to the rotor radial ventilating duct, and receives the air flow radially flowing out of the rotor, so that stator and rotor heat dissipation collaboration is realized. The cooling effect is good and uniform, the temperature of the motor winding and the iron core can be effectively reduced, the motor loss can be reduced, the operation efficiency can be improved, and the cost can be indirectly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of motor cooling technology, specifically to a direct cooling structure for a box-type permanent magnet motor. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous upgrading and iteration of motor control technology, the application scenarios of motors are becoming increasingly widespread, covering multiple fields such as industrial drives, new energy equipment, and rail transportation. In various applications, stringent requirements are placed on the high efficiency of motors, necessitating the maximization of power density per unit volume while ensuring safe and reliable operation. However, increased power density inevitably leads to a significant increase in heat generation per unit volume of the motor. If this heat cannot be dissipated in a timely manner, it will directly affect the motor's operating efficiency, service life, and reliability.

[0003] To solve the problem of motor heat dissipation and ensure its long-term stable operation, the cooling methods for box-type motors are mainly divided into the following categories:

[0004] Air-to-air cooler: This structure includes independent primary and secondary air paths. The primary air path circulates inside the motor to absorb heat, and then transfers the heat to the secondary air path through heat exchange media such as aluminum tubes and aluminum fins. Finally, the airflow in the secondary air path carries the heat out of the cooler. Its principle is simple, but it has the drawback of limited heat exchange capacity per unit volume, relatively high noise during operation, and high equipment cost.

[0005] Air-to-water cooler: Similar to the air-to-air cooler in heat exchange principle, but the difference lies in using circulating water instead of the secondary airflow as the heat dissipation carrier. While this reduces operating noise, it further increases costs and requires an additional water pump system to maintain water circulation, thus increasing system complexity.

[0006] Water jacket cooling: This method involves installing a cooling water jacket inside the motor base, allowing the cooling water to directly contact the stator core for heat dissipation. This method places extremely high demands on the design and machining precision of the motor base, increasing manufacturing difficulty and requiring a supporting water pump system, resulting in high overall costs.

[0007] Direct forced air cooling: This method directly cools the internal components of the motor by forcing airflow, resulting in high cooling efficiency. However, to achieve airflow, the motor's protection level needs to be reduced, which can easily lead to the intrusion of dust and moisture. At the same time, it generates a lot of noise during operation, and due to uneven airflow distribution, the cooling effect of different parts of the motor can vary significantly. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to improve heat exchange capacity without using a water pump system or reducing the protection level, and to solve the problems of severe heat generation, difficult cooling, and uneven cooling that exist when high power density box motors are air-cooled.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is: a box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure, having a motor body cooling air path, comprising:

[0010] The air inlets for the base are located on both sides of the top of the motor housing;

[0011] The air outlet of the base is located in the middle of the motor housing and between the air inlets of the base;

[0012] The fan is fixed at both ends of the rotor shaft inside the motor housing and rotates synchronously with the rotor to drive airflow;

[0013] The air deflector, located outside the fan and below the air inlet of the base, guides the airflow to the cooling area.

[0014] The stator axial ventilation channel, located between the outer side of the stator and the motor housing, provides an axial heat dissipation path for the stator components;

[0015] The rotor axial ventilation channel is located between the rotor core and the rotor shaft. Multiple stiffeners are fixed on the circumference of the rotor shaft to guide the airflow axially through the rotor heating area.

[0016] The rotor radial ventilation channel is installed on the rotor to divert axial airflow to the rotor radial direction, thereby enhancing the uniformity of rotor heat dissipation.

[0017] The stator radial ventilation channel is set on the stator and corresponds to the rotor radial ventilation channel. It receives the airflow flowing out of the rotor radially, realizes the synergistic heat dissipation of the stator and rotor, and improves the overall cooling uniformity and heat exchange efficiency.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a baffle plate is provided between adjacent stiffeners, and the wind enters the rotor axial ventilation channel from both ends of the rotor shaft, and then enters the rotor radial ventilation channel under the influence of the baffle plate.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a direct cooling cooler is provided on the motor housing, comprising:

[0020] Multiple cooler air inlets are located on the surface of the enclosure to introduce low-temperature external air;

[0021] The cooler's air outlet is located on one side of the housing and is used to exhaust the hot air after it has absorbed heat.

[0022] The cooling fan, located inside the enclosure, enhances airflow to improve heat dissipation efficiency.

[0023] The motor air inlet is located on both sides of the bottom of the housing, corresponding to the air inlet of the base, to introduce low-temperature air into the motor.

[0024] The motor air outlet is located at the bottom of the housing and between the motor air inlets, corresponding to the base air outlet, so as to promptly exhaust the hot air inside the motor to the housing.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the motor air outlet is connected to the air outlet channel, and the outlet of the air outlet channel is the cooler air outlet; the cooling fan is located between the motor air outlet and the air outlet channel, and improves the heat dissipation efficiency by enhancing the airflow suction force.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a filter device is provided at the air inlet of the cooler.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner edge of the air guide extends into the inner diameter edge of the fan without contacting it, and the outer edge is fixed to the mounting plate inside the motor housing.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fan includes an outer ring and an inner ring arranged in parallel, the outer ring having a larger diameter than the inner ring, the outer ring and the inner ring being connected by a plurality of connecting plates on the circumference, and the inner ring being fixed on the rotor shaft.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the motor is in a light load operating state, the rotation of the rotor will drive the fans fixed at both ends of the rotor shaft and multiple stiffeners in the radial ventilation channel of the rotor to rotate synchronously; the rotation of the fans and stiffeners will increase the surrounding air pressure, and the high-pressure air will flow along the path to the low-pressure area and be discharged from the motor; at the same time, the motor chamber will form a negative pressure due to the air discharge, and the external high-pressure air will be continuously filled in through the air inlet of the cooler and the air inlet of the machine base under the action of the pressure difference to maintain pressure balance, thereby forming a continuous air circulation cooling path.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the motor is in a heavy load operation state, the cooling fan is started to forcefully draw away the air at the motor outlet, forming a strong negative pressure zone in that area.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fan, in conjunction with the air guide shroud, divides the airflow: a portion of the airflow is blown toward the winding end under the action of centrifugal force, directly cooling the winding; the other portion of the airflow, guided by the air guide shroud, enters the stator and rotor ventilation duct, specifically dissipating heat from the iron core.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0033] 1. This invention uses relatively low-temperature external air as the cooling medium, and the air pressure can be completely released. Moreover, the cooling medium has a high specific heat performance. Therefore, under the same air volume conditions, the cooling effect is better than that of air-to-air coolers and air-to-water coolers that use equal volume air cooling.

[0034] 2. The cooling air path of this invention adopts an axial and radial multi-channel cooling scheme with two air paths on each side. The air path distribution is scientific and reasonable, which can achieve uniform cooling and effectively reduce the temperature difference of internal components of the motor.

[0035] 3. The fan of this invention can simultaneously perform the dual functions of a centrifugal fan and an axial fan. With the help of the air guide, it can reasonably divide the airflow: part of the airflow blows to the end of the winding to cool the winding, while the other part enters the stator and rotor ventilation channel under the guidance of the air guide to cool the iron core; and the fan is not limited by the direction of the motor rotation, making it more versatile.

[0036] 4. The external cooling fan of this invention is built into the housing. Combined with the isolation effect of the filter device (air filter element), the noise of the fan during operation is greatly reduced. At the same time, the filter device can ensure that the air entering the motor is kept clean, thus protecting the motor's operating environment.

[0037] 5. The cooling structure of the present invention has a good cooling effect and uniform cooling, which can effectively reduce the temperature of the motor windings and iron core. This not only reduces motor losses and improves operating efficiency, but also indirectly reduces costs. In addition, after the motor temperature is reduced, the requirements for insulation materials are reduced, which further saves costs and helps to extend the service life of the motor.

[0038] 6. This invention features two cooling modes: self-ventilated cooling and combined self-ventilated and external ventilation cooling. Under light load conditions, the self-ventilated cooling system alone is sufficient to meet the motor's cooling requirements. However, when the motor is under heavy load and at higher temperatures, the external ventilation system is fully activated to work in conjunction with the self-ventilated system to enhance cooling. This on-demand switching cooling mode ensures effective cooling while reducing unnecessary energy consumption and noise, achieving the dual benefits of energy saving and noise reduction in specific scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a side sectional view of the direct-cooling structure of a box-type permanent magnet motor.

[0041] Figure 2 Side view of the direct cooling structure of a box-type permanent magnet motor;

[0042] Figure 3 for Figure 2 BB section view;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the motor housing;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the direct-cooling cooler.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a side view of a direct-cooling condenser;

[0046] Figure 7 for Figure 6 CC section view;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main and side of the fan;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fan structure;

[0049] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the main and side surfaces of the fairing;

[0050] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the fairing structure;

[0051] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor radial ventilation duct cross-section;

[0052] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the stator radial ventilation duct.

[0053] The numbers in the diagram are explained as follows: 1. Direct-cooling cooler; 2. Radiator; 3. Fan; 4. Rotor radial ventilation channel; 5. Rotor axial ventilation channel; 6. Stator axial ventilation channel; 7. Frame air inlet; 8. Frame air outlet; 9. Housing; 10. Filter device; 11. Cooling fan; 12. Air outlet channel; 13. Cooler air inlet; 14. Motor air inlet; 15. Motor air outlet; 16. Cooler air outlet; 17. Rib plate; 18. Rotor shaft; 19. Fan inner ring; 20. Fan outer ring; 21. Stator; 22. Stator radial ventilation channel; 23. Connecting plate; 24. Motor housing. Detailed Implementation

[0054] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0057] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0058] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0059] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0060] It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0061] This embodiment provides a box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure, which includes a motor body cooling air path and a direct cooling cooler disposed on the motor housing 24.

[0062] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the cooling airflow path for the motor body includes:

[0063] The air inlet 7 is located on both sides of the top of the motor housing 24, which can quickly introduce external cooling air;

[0064] The air outlet 8 of the base is located in the middle of the top of the motor housing 24, between the air inlets 7 on both sides of the base, so as to facilitate the centralized discharge of internal hot air.

[0065] Fans 3 are fixed at both ends of the rotor shaft 18 inside the motor housing. Each fan 3 includes an outer ring 20 and an inner ring 19 arranged in parallel, such as... Figure 8-9 As shown, the outer ring 20 has a larger diameter than the inner ring 19. The outer ring 20 and the inner ring 19 are connected by multiple connecting plates 23 evenly distributed on the circumference. The inner ring 19 is fixedly sleeved on the rotor shaft 18. When it rotates synchronously with the rotor, it can generate strong airflow power, taking into account both centrifugal and axial flow effects.

[0066] fairing 2, such as Figure 10-11As shown, the air guide 2 is set outside each fan 3 and below the air inlet 7 of the base. The inner edge of the air guide 2 extends into the inner diameter edge of the fan 3 but does not contact each other. The outer edge of the air guide 2 is fixed to the mounting plate inside the motor housing 24. It can accurately guide the airflow to the core heat-generating area and reduce wind resistance loss.

[0067] The stator axial ventilation channel 6 is located between the outside of the stator 21 and the motor housing 24, providing a smooth axial heat dissipation path for the stator and quickly removing heat from the stator surface;

[0068] The rotor axial ventilation channel 5 is formed by the gap between multiple stiffeners 17 fixed on the circumference of the rotor shaft 18 and the rotor core. It can guide the airflow along the axial direction through the rotor core and enhance the rotor heat dissipation efficiency.

[0069] Rotor radial ventilation channel 4, is installed on the rotor, such as Figure 12 As shown;

[0070] The stator radial ventilation channel 22 is disposed on the stator 21 and is radially corresponding to the rotor radial ventilation channel 4, such as... Figure 13 As shown, this allows airflow to reach the stator radially from the rotor, achieving coordinated cooling of the stator and rotor and reducing the temperature difference between components.

[0071] like Figure 5-7 As shown, the direct-cooling cooler includes:

[0072] The housing 9 is sealed above the motor housing 24. The surface of the housing 9 is provided with multiple cooler air inlets 13. Each cooler air inlet 13 is provided with a filter device 10, preferably an air filter element, which can ensure that the cooling air can enter sufficiently and filter impurities to protect the internal components of the motor.

[0073] The motor air inlet 14 is located at the bottom of the housing 9 and is connected to the base air inlet 7 to ensure that external air enters the motor.

[0074] The motor air outlet 15 is located at the bottom of the housing 9 and is connected to the air outlet 8 of the base, so that the hot air inside the motor can be efficiently discharged to the housing.

[0075] The air outlet 12 is connected to the motor air outlet 15. The outlet of the air outlet 12 is the cooler air outlet 16, which extends out of the box 9 and can quickly exhaust hot air to the external environment to avoid heat backflow.

[0076] The fan 11 is installed inside the housing 9, between the motor air outlet 15 and the air outlet 12; it can enhance the suction power under heavy load and significantly improve the overall air volume and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0077] The working principle of the above-mentioned box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure is as follows:

[0078] Light load operating condition

[0079] When the motor is operating under light load, cooling can be achieved solely through the rotation of the motor itself. Specifically, the rotation of the rotor drives the fans 3 fixed at both ends of the rotor shaft 18 and multiple stiffeners 17 within the rotor radial ventilation duct 4 to rotate synchronously, pressurizing the surrounding air and discharging it towards the low-pressure area along a pre-set airflow path. Due to the negative pressure formed inside the motor chamber, the high-pressure air from the outside, under the action of the pressure difference, passes through the filter device 10 and enters the housing 9, and then enters the motor chamber through the motor air inlet 14 and the base air inlet 7.

[0080] The air entering the motor chamber, under the action of fan 3 and stiffener 17, flows towards the center through the central hole of the guide shroud 2, and is divided into two paths after being guided here: one path of air is blown towards the winding end under the centrifugal action of fan 3, directly cooling the winding, and then through the gap between the stator and the motor housing, through the stator axial ventilation channel 6 to the frame air outlet 8, and then enters the air outlet channel 12 from the corresponding motor air outlet 15 connected above, and finally flows out of the housing from the cooler air outlet 16; the other path of air, under the guidance of the guide shroud 2 and the action of stiffener 17 in the rotor radial ventilation channel 4, flows from both sides along the rotor axial ventilation channel 5, and is dispersed on the circumference through the stator and rotor radial ventilation channels 4, and enters the corresponding stator radial ventilation channel 22 on the outer stator 21 to cool the stator core, and then converges with the first path of air at the frame air outlet 8, and is discharged from the cooler air outlet 16 through the air outlet channel 12.

[0081] Heavy load operating status

[0082] When the motor is under heavy load, the heat generated by the motor increases significantly. At this time, the cooling fan 11 starts working. The fan 11 forcefully draws away the air from the motor outlet 15, forming a strong negative pressure zone in this area. This greatly enhances the effect of the rotation of the fan 3 and the inner stiffener 17 of the rotor radial ventilation channel 4, resulting in a significant increase in the overall air volume. This significantly improves the cooling capacity of the motor and ensures that the motor can still operate safely and reliably under high-temperature conditions.

[0083] exist Figure 3 In the diagram, the single arrow inside the motor housing 24 indicates the flow direction of the stator axial airflow, while the double arrow indicates the flow direction of the rotor axial airflow and the separate radial airflow, clearly demonstrating the airflow path and cooling principle of the cooling structure of this invention.

[0084] Through the above structural design and working method, the box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure of the present invention achieves a high-efficiency and uniform cooling effect, and can intelligently adjust the cooling mode according to the motor load. While ensuring the cooling effect, it effectively reduces energy consumption and noise, and has significant technical advantages and application value.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure, having a cooling airflow path for the motor body, characterized in that, include: The air inlets for the base are located on both sides of the top of the motor housing; The air outlet of the base is located in the middle of the motor housing and between the air inlets of the base; The fan is fixed at both ends of the rotor shaft inside the motor housing and rotates synchronously with the rotor to drive airflow; The air deflector, located outside the fan and below the air inlet of the base, guides the airflow to the cooling area. The stator axial ventilation channel, located between the outer side of the stator and the motor housing, provides an axial heat dissipation path for the stator components; The rotor axial ventilation channel is located between the rotor core and the rotor shaft. Multiple stiffeners are fixed on the circumference of the rotor shaft to guide the airflow axially through the rotor heating area. The rotor radial ventilation channel is installed on the rotor to divert axial airflow to the rotor radial direction, thereby enhancing the uniformity of rotor heat dissipation. The stator radial ventilation channel is set on the stator and corresponds to the rotor radial ventilation channel. It receives the airflow flowing out of the rotor radially, realizes the synergistic heat dissipation of the stator and rotor, and improves the overall cooling uniformity and heat exchange efficiency.

2. The box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wind baffles are provided between adjacent stiffeners. Air enters the rotor axial ventilation channel from both ends of the rotor shaft, and then enters the rotor radial ventilation channel due to the influence of the wind baffles.

3. The box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A direct-cooling cooler is provided on the motor housing, which includes: Multiple cooler air inlets are located on the surface of the enclosure to introduce low-temperature external air; The cooler's air outlet is located on one side of the housing and is used to exhaust the hot air after it has absorbed heat. The cooling fan, located inside the enclosure, enhances airflow to improve heat dissipation efficiency. The motor air inlet is located on both sides of the bottom of the housing, corresponding to the air inlet of the base, to introduce low-temperature air into the motor. The motor air outlet is located at the bottom of the housing and between the motor air inlets, corresponding to the base air outlet, so as to promptly exhaust the hot air inside the motor to the housing.

4. The box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The motor air outlet is connected to the air outlet channel, and the outlet of the air outlet channel is the cooler air outlet; the cooling fan is located between the motor air outlet and the air outlet channel, and improves heat dissipation efficiency by enhancing the airflow suction force.

5. The box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, A filter is installed at the air inlet of the cooler.

6. The box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner edge of the air guide extends into the inner diameter edge of the fan without contacting it, while the outer edge is fixed to the mounting plate inside the motor housing.

7. The box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fan includes an outer ring and an inner ring arranged in parallel. The outer ring has a larger diameter than the inner ring. The outer ring and the inner ring are connected by multiple connecting plates on the circumference. The inner ring is fixed on the rotor shaft.

8. The box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the motor is operating under light load, the rotation of the rotor will drive the fans fixed at both ends of the rotor shaft and multiple stiffeners in the radial ventilation channel of the rotor to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the fans and stiffeners will increase the surrounding air pressure, and the high-pressure air will flow along the path to the low-pressure area and be discharged from the motor. At the same time, the motor chamber will form a negative pressure due to the air discharge. Under the action of the pressure difference, the external high-pressure air will continuously fill in through the air inlet of the cooler and the air inlet of the frame to maintain pressure balance, thereby forming a continuous air circulation cooling path.

9. The box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the motor is under heavy load, the cooling fan starts and forcefully draws the air away from the motor's air outlet, creating a strong negative pressure zone in that area.

10. The box-type permanent magnet motor direct cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fan, in conjunction with the air guide shroud, divides the airflow: one part of the airflow, under the action of centrifugal force, blows towards the winding end, directly cooling the winding; the other part of the airflow, guided by the air guide shroud, enters the stator and rotor ventilation duct, specifically dissipating heat from the iron core.

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