Composition for reducing friction or static friction of a surface and method and

Abstract

A composition for reducing surface friction or static friction is disclosed. The composition comprises at least one organosilane, at least one organophosphorus, or a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus. The composition further comprises at least one polymer. A method of applying the composition to a surface is also disclosed. Non-limiting examples of surfaces to which the composition may be applied include metal, metal alloy, metal oxide, glass, ceramic, or plastic substrates and combinations thereof. Also disclosed is an article comprising at least one surface that has been treated with the composition. Non-limiting examples of such articles include windows, watches and straps, screens, monitors, high frequency contact surfaces, electronics, housings for electronic devices, and combinations thereof. Such articles may also exhibit enhanced hydrophobicity and / or preservative properties compared to untreated articles.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 445,538, filed February 14, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to the field of compositions for reducing at least one of frictional force or static friction on a surface, and methods of using such compositions. This disclosure also relates to articles having at least one treated surface comprising the disclosed composition. Background Technology

[0003] Perfluoropolymers, along with fluorosilanes, are widely used for surface treatments of metals, metal alloys, and metal oxides to impart hydrophobicity and / or complete hydrophobicity. A second synergistic effect of reduced surface energy is that it also significantly reduces static friction (adhesion) and frictional forces. While these coatings perform well in reducing friction and wear at sliding interfaces, fluorinated friction coatings and surface treatments are becoming increasingly regulated. Recent evidence suggests that fluorinated solutions may have harmful effects on humans and our environment. Given the harmful effects associated with these chemicals, the European Commission (EC) has proposed a ban on all perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances, expected to come into effect in 2026. With an excessive amount of fluorinated friction coatings currently on the consumer market, and their unavoidable exposure to humans and the environment, the industry is now strongly advocating for a shift to more human- and environmentally friendly alternatives. While a few alternative friction coatings exist, they cannot provide the same performance as fluorinated coatings. Solutions based on organosilanes and organophosphorus compounds typically exhibit poor storage stability, are prone to degradation or abrasion during use, and provide poor lubrication to the coated substrate. Furthermore, conventional lubricants such as those based on liquid oils or dry powder layers can be easily removed from the substrate or, in the case of high-frequency contact applications, transferred to the user. Therefore, the existence of fluorine-free surface bonding materials that can reduce friction or static friction is an unmet need.

[0004] The compositions disclosed herein, the method of using the compositions to form a surface with reduced friction or static friction, and the articles comprising the surface overcome one or more of the problems set forth above and / or other problems of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Consistent with some disclosed embodiments, this document discloses compositions for reducing at least one of frictional force or static friction of a surface. In some embodiments, the composition comprises: a first portion comprising: (a) at least one organosilane; (b) at least one organophosphorus compound; or (c) a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus compound. The compositions disclosed herein further comprise a second portion comprising at least one polymer. In some embodiments, (a), (b), or (c) of the first portion is configured as an adhesion layer on the surface, and the at least one polymer of the second portion is adjacent to the adhesion layer, wherein the first and second portions of the composition are present in an amount sufficient to reduce the frictional force, static friction, or both of the surface relative to the untreated surface.

[0006] Consistent with some embodiments, this document discloses a method for reducing at least one of surface friction or static friction, the method comprising applying a composition as described herein to a surface of a material. For example, the method uses a composition comprising: a first portion comprising: (a) at least one organosilane; (b) at least one organophosphorus compound; or (c) a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus compound. The compositions disclosed herein further comprise a second portion comprising at least one polymer. In some embodiments, (a), (b), or (c) of the first portion is configured as an adhesion layer on the surface, and the at least one polymer of the second portion is adjacent to the adhesion layer, wherein the first and second portions of the composition are present in an amount sufficient to reduce the surface friction, static friction, or both relative to the untreated surface.

[0007] Consistent with some embodiments, this document discloses an article having at least one surface having a surface treatment thereon that causes the at least one surface to exhibit reduced friction or static friction. The surface treatment includes compositions as described herein. For example, the composition comprises: a first portion comprising: (a) at least one organosilane; (b) at least one organophosphorus compound; or (c) a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus compound. The compositions disclosed herein also comprise a second portion comprising at least one polymer. In some embodiments, (a), (b), or (c) of the first portion is configured as an attachment layer on the surface, and the at least one polymer of the second portion is adjacent to the attachment layer, wherein the first and second portions of the composition are present in an amount sufficient to reduce the friction, static friction, or both of the surface relative to the untreated form of the surface. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate some of the disclosed embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the disclosed embodiments. The details shown are by way of example and are for the purpose of an illustrative discussion of embodiments of this disclosure. The description made with reference to the drawings makes it apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of this disclosure can be practiced.

[0009] Figure 1 A to Figure 1 D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing various non-limiting configurations of the attachment layer and adjacent polymer on the substrate, consistent with various disclosed embodiments. Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lubricant layer structure on the treated surface, consistent with some disclosed embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0010] This disclosure presents several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that features of the exemplary embodiments may be combined with features of other disclosures, or incorporated into compositions, methods of using such compositions, or embodiments not described herein, while remaining within the scope of this disclosure. For convenience, any term “implementation” as used herein refers to at least one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0011] definition: The term “friction” as used in this article refers to kinetic friction or dynamic friction, and therefore to the resistance that must be overcome to allow a surface or object that is already in motion to continue moving, or to slide against another surface, object, or medium in a linear, rotational, or reciprocating manner.

[0012] As used in this article, "static friction" refers to static friction force, and therefore to the force that prevents stationary surfaces or objects from coming into contact with each other. Static friction can be affected by the contact point lifetime and the load acting on the contact point. As used in this article, "lubricant" refers to a composition that, when applied to a substrate or surface, results in a reduction of friction or static friction relative to the bare substrate or surface with other contacting surfaces, objects, or media.

[0013] As used in this article, “polymer” refers to a molecule that comprises at least two monomer molecules that react together to form a larger molecule. The “weight percentage” or “wt%” used in this article refers to the percentage of the weight of a component in the composition relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0014] As used herein, "physical adsorption" refers to the adsorption of molecules onto a surface by van der Waals forces. In some embodiments, physical adsorption refers to the attachment of a lubricant composition, such as a polymer, or a portion thereof, to a substrate surface and / or an attachment layer. As used herein, “additive” refers to a compound that enhances various performance properties of the composition. In some embodiments, this may be necessary to enhance the corrosion resistance and / or lubrication properties of the composition when added in appropriate amounts. In further embodiments, the composition, such as a two-dimensional material or particulate material, may contain additives to improve kinetic or sliding friction. In additional embodiments, corrosion inhibitors in the form of metal halides, triazoles, or metal passivators may be added to prevent substrate degradation in corrosive environments. As used herein, “corrosion resistance” refers to the ability of a material or material surface to resist damage and degradation when exposed to environmental conditions. In some embodiments, environmental conditions may be high humidity or water vapor, heat, exposure to liquids such as water, solutions with high or low pH values, or liquids with high salt concentrations. As used herein, "attachment layer" refers to a portion of the composition that interacts with the surface of a substrate. The interaction can be non-covalent, covalent, or a combination of both. The attachment layer can exist on the treated surface as a continuous or discontinuous layer (i.e., providing varying coverage).

[0015] As used in this article, “proximity” refers to two elements in a composition that share an interface. This interface can be abrupt, discontinuous changes in composition, or a diffusion interface between two elements with some mutual diffusion or miscibility. As used herein, "two-dimensional morphology (or two-dimensional material)" refers to a material with a layered structure that can easily slide against each other when shear force is applied, thereby providing a lubricating effect. In some embodiments, a representative two-dimensional material is a laminate, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), which consists of covalently bonded boron and nitrogen atoms in atomically thin layers with van der Waals interactions between the multiple layers.

[0016] As used in this article, "lubricating emulsion" refers to an additive containing at least one immiscible liquid dispersed in another liquid, which imparts increased lubricity to a surface.

[0017] As used in this article, "silane" refers to any molecule containing silicon atoms attached to four functional groups, at least one of which is a leaving group.

[0018] As used in this article, a "leaving group" refers to a functional atom or group of atoms on a molecule that is designed to react and leave the molecule to allow covalent bonding with another atom, molecule, or surface. In some cases, the leaving group on a molecule reacts with water and is replaced by a silanol group (Si-OH) on a silane. The silanol group may remain on the molecule or serve as an intermediate in subsequent reactions.

[0019] The term "multi-legged" silanes as used in this article refers to molecules having two or more silane functionalities. For example, bilegged or trilegged silanes have two or three silicon groups, respectively, in which the leaving group is bonded to a silicon atom.

[0020] As used in this article, "organosilanes" refers to molecules having at least one silane attached to them.

[0021] This disclosure describes coatings for various surfaces, such as metals and metal alloys, including stainless steel, glass, ceramics, and plastics, comprising organosilanes, organophosphorus compounds, and combinations thereof. Additional two-dimensional materials or lubricating emulsions or oils may also be included in the final composition to further reduce sliding friction. Consistent with some embodiments, this document discloses a composition for reducing at least one of frictional force or static friction of a surface. In some embodiments, the composition comprises: a first portion comprising: (a) at least one organosilane; (b) at least one organophosphorus compound; or (c) a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus compound. The composition disclosed herein further comprises a second portion comprising at least one polymer. In some embodiments, (a), (b), or (c) of the first portion is configured as an adhesion layer on the surface, and the at least one polymer of the second portion is adjacent to the adhesion layer, wherein the first and second portions of the composition are present in an amount sufficient to reduce the frictional force, static friction, or both of the surface relative to the untreated surface.

[0022] In some embodiments, the at least one organosilane is a molecule having at least one leaving group, such as an alkoxy group or a chloride group. In some embodiments, at least one organosilane has at least one non-leaving group, such as an alkyl group (which may have between 1 and 100 carbons), an aromatic group, a silane group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, or a cyclic group. In some embodiments, the first portion of the composition comprises at least one organosilane containing only leaving groups and at least one organosilane containing at least one non-leaving group, wherein the weight ratio of the silane having all leaving groups to the silane having at least one non-leaving group is in the range between 1:100 and 10:1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of a silane having only leaving groups to a silane having at least one non-leaving group can be about 1:10, such as 1:8, or 1:6 or 1:3, or even 1:2.

[0023] In some embodiments, the organosilane comprises an alkyl group and includes dodecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrichlorosilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0024] In some embodiments, the organosilane contains an aromatic group and includes 1-naphthyltrimethoxysilane, p-tolyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0025] In some embodiments, the organosilane contains an unsaturated (vinyl) group and includes vinyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0026] In some embodiments, the organosilane comprises a thiol group and includes 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propanethiol, 11-mercaptoundecyltrimethoxysilane, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0027] In some embodiments, the organosilane contains an epoxy group and includes 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0028] In some embodiments, the organosilane contains cyclic groups and includes cyclohexyltrichlorosilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrichlorosilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0029] In some embodiments, the organosilanes comprise additional silane groups and include 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, 1,8-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane, bis(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)decane, 1,6-bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane, tris(triethoxysilylpropyl)amine, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0030] In some embodiments, the organophosphorus compound comprises a molecule having at least one group, which includes an alkyl group, an aromatic group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, a phosphonic acid group, or a cyclic group. In some embodiments, the alkyl group has between 1 and 100 carbon atoms. Additionally, in some embodiments, the organophosphorus compound comprises methylphosphonic acid, (2,4-xylyl)phosphonic acid, octadecylphosphonic acid, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, 6-phosphonohexanoic acid, hexadecylphosphonic acid, n-dodecylphosphonic acid, (12-phosphonododecyl)phosphonic acid, 1,4-phenylenebis(phosphonic acid), N,N′-2-methylpiperazinebis(methylenephosphonic acid), or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the second portion comprises a polymer with a molecular weight of 1 kDa to 10,000 kDa. The kinematic viscosity of the polymer when used alone may also be 1 cSt to 10,000 cSt.

[0031] In some embodiments, the at least one polymer comprises silicone, polyolefin, polystyrene, rubber, wax, polyether, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0032] In some embodiments, the silicone comprises polydimethylsiloxane, polyphenylsiloxane, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the polyolefin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the wax comprises waxes based on ethylene bis(stearamide), carnauba wax, lanolin, or is part of a wax emulsion or a combination thereof.

[0033] In some embodiments, the polymer further comprises hydroxyl, silanol, amine, aldehyde, or thiol functional groups or combinations thereof.

[0034] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an appropriate amount of at least one solvent for dissolving the first portion, the second portion, or both. In further embodiments, the solvent is a polar solvent, a non-polar solvent, or a mixture thereof. The non-polar solvent may be selected from methylcyclohexane, isoparaffin solvents, mineral oil, or mixtures thereof. The polar solvent may be selected from water, ethanol, methanol, ammonia, hydrofluoric acid, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof. In a non-limiting example, the at least one solvent comprises both ethanol and methylcyclohexane. In some embodiments, the at least one solvent comprises a mixture of at least one polar solvent and at least one non-polar solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the non-polar solvent to the polar solvent is between 10:1 and 1:10. In some implementations, the ratio of the nonpolar solvent to the polar solvent can be about 80:20, such as 75:25 or 70:30, or even 65:35. The at least one solvent may comprise 2 to 99.9% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the at least one solvent may comprise 5 to 99% by weight of the composition, such as 50 to 98% by weight, 60 to 97% by weight, 75 to 96% by weight, 80 to 95% by weight, 85 to 94% by weight, 90 to 93% by weight, or even 91 to 92% by weight.

[0035] In some embodiments, the composition may be defined by a specific amount or ratio of the first and second portions. For example, the total amount of the first and second portions typically accounts for 0.1 to 98 weight percent of the composition. In some embodiments, the total amount of the first and second portions may account for 1 to 95 weight percent of the composition, such as 2 to 50 weight percent, 3 to 40 weight percent, 4 to 25 weight percent, 5 to 20 weight percent, 6 to 15 weight percent, 7 to 10 weight percent, or even 8 to 9 weight percent. Additionally, the weight ratio of the first to the second portion may be in the range between 10:1 and 1:10. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first to the second portion may be about 10:1, such as 8:1, 6:1, or 3.8:1, or even 3:1. In some embodiments, the organophosphorus compound may comprise 0.01 to 90 weight percent of the first portion of the composition, such as 0.1 to 80 weight percent, such as 0.5 to 40 weight percent, such as 1.0 to 20 weight percent, such as 1.5 to 10 weight percent, such as 1.6 to 4 weight percent.

[0036] In some embodiments, the organosilane may comprise 10 to 99.99% by weight of the first portion of the composition, such as 50 to 99.5% by weight, 70 to 99.2% by weight, 85 to 99.0% by weight, or 90 to 98.5% by weight.

[0037] In addition to reducing at least one of surface friction or static friction, the disclosed compositions can impart other benefits to the surface to which they are applied, such as enhanced hydrophobicity and / or enhanced corrosion resistance compared to an untreated surface. For example, when applied to a surface, the composition can demonstrate enhanced hydrophobicity by exhibiting an increased water contact angle on that surface compared to an untreated surface. When the surface is exposed to salt water, sebum, sweat, humid heat, or a combination thereof, the composition can also impart enhanced anti-corrosion properties to the treated surface compared to an untreated surface.

[0038] In some embodiments, the composition may further comprise one or more additives, such as, but not limited to, triazole derivatives, hindered phenols, metal halides, and thioethers, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the composition may further comprise a material having a two-dimensional morphology. A material having a two-dimensional morphology is a material that exhibits a flat, sheet-like structure in one or more dimensions. Non-limiting examples of materials having a two-dimensional morphology that may be used herein include hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS), graphene, or combinations thereof.

[0039] In some embodiments, one or more silanes may include one, two, three, or four leaving groups, which comprise an alkoxy group or a chloride group. Most silanes can exist as derivatives of each other, where the molecules are similar but include different leaving groups. Some examples of silanes having four non-leaving groups include tetraethyl orthosilicate and tetramethyl orthosilicate, as shown below:

[0040] In some embodiments, the leaving group may be ethoxy, methoxy, or chloride, as shown below:

[0041]

[0042] In some embodiments, the non-leaving group functionality has reactive or non-reactive terminal groups, such as alkyl groups, aromatic groups, silyl groups, silicone groups, unsaturated (vinyl) groups, epoxy groups, thiol groups, cyclic groups, or norbornene groups. In some embodiments, the non-leaving group may be attached to one or more silanes, and the group may be an alkyl group with a carbon chain length ranging from 1 to 100 carbons. Non-limiting examples of silanes that may be used include methyltrimethoxysilane having one carbon in the non-leaving functional group, octyltrimethoxysilane having eight carbons in the non-leaving functional group, or hexadecyltrimethoxysilane having 16 carbons in the non-leaving functional group.

[0043] In some embodiments, the non-leaving group may have aromatic functionality, which refers to a functional group having a benzene ring or related cyclic structure. Some non-limiting examples include 1-naphthyltrimethoxysilane, p-tolyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0044] In some embodiments, the non-leaving group is a vinyl group having a double bond or unsaturated functionality. Some non-limiting examples include vinyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0045] In some embodiments, the non-leaving group comprises thiol functionality, which refers to a functional group having a sulfur atom therein. Some non-limiting examples include 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propanethiol, 11-mercaptoundecyltrimethoxysilane, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0046] In some embodiments, the non-leaving group comprises epoxy functionality, which refers to the functionality of a three-membered ring including an oxygen atom therein. Some non-limiting examples are 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0047] In some embodiments, the non-leaving group comprises a cyclic group, which refers to a series of carbon atoms arranged in a cyclic structure. Some non-limiting examples include cyclohexyltrichlorosilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrichlorosilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

[0048] In some embodiments, one or more silanes in the silane can be monopodial, bipodial, or tripodial. As previously defined, bipodial or tripodial silanes each have two or three silicon groups, wherein the leaving group is bonded to a silicon atom. Some non-limiting examples include 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, 1,8-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane, bis(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)decane, 1,6-bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane, tris(triethoxysilylpropyl)amine, or derivatives of these compounds. Some examples of multipodial silanes are described below.

[0049] Non-limiting examples of organophosphorus compounds that may be used herein include organophosphorus compounds having alkyl functional groups with carbon chain lengths ranging from 1 to 100 carbons, dipod organophosphorus compounds, or organophosphorus compounds having functional groups. Examples of such organophosphorus compounds are methylphosphonic acid, (2,4-dimethyl)phosphonic acid, octadecylphosphonic acid, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, 6-phosphonohexanoic acid, hexadecylphosphonic acid, n-dodecylphosphonic acid, (12-phosphonododecyl)phosphonic acid, 1,4-phenylenebis(phosphonic acid), N,N′-2-methylpiperazinebis(methylenephosphonic acid), or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, nonpolar solvents, such as methylcyclohexane, isoparaffin solvents, and mineral oil, may be used. Polar protic solvents, such as ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, other alcohols, ammonia, hydrofluoric acid, acetic acid, other acids, or other similar solvents, may also be used as co-solvents. The total weight percentage of these solvents in the composition may range from 2% to 99.9%.

[0050] In some embodiments, the solvent may constitute 5 to 99% by weight of the composition, such as 50 to 98% by weight, 60 to 97% by weight, 75 to 96% by weight, 80 to 95% by weight, 85 to 94% by weight, 90 to 93% by weight, or even 91 to 92% by weight.

[0051] In some implementations, the ratio of the nonpolar solvent to the polar solvent can be about 80:20, such as 75:25 or 70:30, or even 65:35. Consistent with some embodiments, a pretreatment step may be used to prepare the surface for the disclosed coating. For example, in some embodiments, the surface may be made hydrophilic by appropriate treatment prior to coating. Such treatment may include plasma treatment, corona treatment, or rinsing in sodium hydroxide. In further embodiments, sufficient application or contact time is used to ensure the adsorption and self-assembly of the lubricant composition on the surface during application. In some embodiments, this time may range from 1 minute to 1 hour, such as 1 minute to 5 minutes, or 5 minutes to 50 minutes, or 10 minutes to 40 minutes, or even 20 minutes to 30 minutes.

[0052] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a polymer, which may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. A homopolymer or copolymer refers to a polymer formed from one type of monomer or multiple types of monomers, respectively. In some embodiments, the polymer may be a linear polymer, or the polymer may have a branched, star-shaped, or bottle-brush structure. In further embodiments, the polymer may have a molecular weight between 1 kDa and 10,000 kDa, and a kinematic viscosity in its pure form (i.e., when used alone and not in combination with other components) between 1 cSt and 10,000 cSt.

[0053] In some embodiments, the polymer comprises silicone, polyolefin, polystyrene, rubber, wax, or polyether. In some embodiments, the polymer comprises hydroxyl groups, silanols, amines, aldehydes, thiols, or combinations thereof. In a further embodiment, the silicone may comprise polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polyphenylsiloxane or other similar silicone substrate material. Alternatively, the polymer may be a copolymer containing some subunits comprising these groups. In some embodiments, the polyolefin may comprise polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, or copolymers thereof. Alternatively, the polymer may be a copolymer containing subunits comprising these groups.

[0054] In some embodiments, the wax may comprise waxes based on ethylene bis(stearamide), carnauba wax, lanolin, or a combination thereof, which are part of a wax emulsion. Alternatively, the polymer may be a copolymer containing subunits comprising these groups.

[0055] In some embodiments, the polyether may comprise polyoxypropylene or polyoxyethylene. Alternatively, the polymer may be a copolymer containing some subunits comprising these groups.

[0056] Coatings containing the compositions described herein can be applied as a mixture of the above components, but can also be applied in a stepwise manner, wherein a mixture of silane and organophosphorus compound (“self-assembling compound”) is first applied before the modified polymer. In some cases, a final step, such as moisture or heat curing, may also be included. For example, in some embodiments, heat curing is used to improve the corrosion resistance of the treated substrate. Consistent with some embodiments, this document discloses a method for reducing at least one of surface friction or static friction, the method comprising applying a composition as described herein to a surface of a material. For example, the method uses a composition comprising: a first portion comprising: (a) at least one organosilane; (b) at least one organophosphorus compound; or (c) a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus compound. The compositions disclosed herein further comprise a second portion comprising at least one polymer. In some embodiments, (a), (b), or (c) of the first portion is configured as an adhesion layer on the surface, and the at least one polymer of the second portion is adjacent to the adhesion layer, wherein the first and second portions of the composition are present in an amount sufficient to reduce the surface friction, static friction, or both relative to an untreated surface.

[0057] In some embodiments, the method may further include at least one pre-cleaning step on the surface prior to the coating step. For example, in some embodiments, the pre-cleaning step includes corona treatment, plasma treatment, acid bath or alkaline bath, or a combination thereof.

[0058] In some embodiments, the material (whose surface will be treated with the disclosed methods) is selected from metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, glass, ceramics, plastics, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the metal may include stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, or combinations thereof.

[0059] In some embodiments, the method may further include at least one curing step selected from environmental curing, thermal curing, or high humidity curing. For example, environmental curing may be performed from 1 minute to 7 days, such as 1 hour to 5 days, or 12 hours to 4 days, or 18 hours to 3 days, or 1 day to 2 days. In some embodiments, the curing step may include environmental curing, in which the treated surface or article is exposed to the environment for several hours to several days, depending on the composition. The lubricant composition then reacts with ambient moisture to achieve complete curing on the treated surface. In some embodiments, the curing step may include a heating step to shorten the curing time and, in some cases, improve corrosion resistance. In some embodiments, the composition can be applied to the substrate by dip coating, spraying, needle dispensing, brushing, or a combination thereof. For example, dip coating can be performed for a period of 1 minute to 1 hour, such as 5 minutes to 50 minutes, or 10 minutes to 40 minutes, or 20 minutes to 30 minutes.

[0060] In some embodiments, the method further includes rinsing the article after applying the composition. For example, in some embodiments, rinsing may be performed using one or more solvents described herein, such as polar solvents, non-polar solvents, or mixtures thereof. As described above, the disclosed method is performed using the compositions specifically disclosed above and is generally described herein. In one embodiment, the present invention describes the synergistic chemistry of a coating comprising a solvent, as well as non-fluorinated self-assembling molecules, such as alkylsilanes and organophosphorus compounds, and short-chain polymers that can be grafted onto the surface, wherein a significant reduction in surface energy is achieved. In some embodiments, if the polymer is not included in the first attachment layer, it may be applied as a second adjacent layer or an adsorbent layer, wherein the first attachment layer may act as an adhesive between the substrate and the polymer. This second step may also include thermosetting or moisture curing of the polymer. In some embodiments, long-chain silanes and organophosphorus compounds may be attached to the substrate. In further embodiments, a reduction in surface energy can occur through this adsorption, while the surface also becomes hydrophobic due to the alkyl chains. This can be demonstrated by a change in the water contact angle. For example, in some embodiments, the contact angle increases, such as by at least 10°, at least 15°, at least 20°, at least 25°, or at least 30°. In some embodiments, there is a 31° variation in the water contact angle between the uncoated and coated substrates. This self-assembled hydrophobic layer prevents static friction and adhesion during static loading (or prolonged contact with another (mating) surface). Furthermore, in the presence of the polymer, the coating provides an interface with low shear strength, thus mitigating friction during sliding. The addition of the polymer also increases the loading capacity of the boundary lubricant, thereby reducing wear and tear at the surface. In some embodiments, this disclosure combines the synergistic effect of low surface energy, high hydrophobicity, and dissipation pathways to reduce static friction and sliding on the substrate.

[0061] Consistent with some embodiments, this document discloses an article having at least one surface having a surface treatment thereon that causes the at least one surface to exhibit reduced friction or static friction. The surface treatment includes compositions as described herein. For example, the composition comprises: a first portion comprising: (a) at least one organosilane; (b) at least one organophosphorus compound; or (c) a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus compound. The compositions disclosed herein also comprise a second portion comprising at least one polymer. In some embodiments, (a), (b), or (c) of the first portion is configured as an attachment layer on the surface, and the at least one polymer of the second portion is adjacent to the attachment layer, wherein the first and second portions of the composition are present in an amount sufficient to reduce the friction, static friction, or both of the surface relative to the untreated form of the surface.

[0062] In some embodiments, the disclosed article is made of or includes a surface made of a material selected from the group consisting of metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, glass, ceramics, plastics, or combinations thereof.

[0063] In some embodiments, the article includes at least one surface that abuts against another surface for linear or rotational movement, wherein the at least one surface has a surface treatment as described herein. For example, in a non-limiting embodiment, the at least one surface is part of a link assembly, a bearing, an extrusion assembly, a hinge or hinge assembly, or a combination thereof.

[0064] In some embodiments, at least one surface is in prolonged contact with another surface. As used herein, prolonged contact can range from up to one year. Such prolonged contact is particularly desirable when the treated surface comes into contact with a living organ or tissue, such as skin. Therefore, as used herein, in some embodiments, linear or rotational movement against another surface can include linear or rotational movement against a living organ or tissue, such as human skin.

[0065] In some embodiments, the at least one surface having a surface treatment is located in an air or water medium.

[0066] As described above, the disclosed article includes at least one surface having a surface treatment thereon, the surface treatment including the compositions specifically disclosed above and generally described herein. Non-limiting examples of the implementation schemes disclosed herein are provided in Figure 1 A to Figure 1 As shown in Figure D, these figures are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating various non-limiting configurations of the attachment layer and adjacent polymer on the substrate, consistent with various disclosed embodiments. For example, Figure 1 A illustrates an embodiment 100, which includes a continuous attachment layer 112 and an adjacent polymer 110 on a substrate 105. Figure 1 B illustrates embodiment 101, which includes a discontinuous attachment layer 122 and a continuous adjacent polymer 120 on a substrate 105. Figure 1 C illustrates embodiment 102, which includes a continuous attachment layer 132 and discontinuous adjacent polymers 130 on a substrate 105. Figure 1 D illustrates embodiment 103, which includes an attachment layer 142 on a substrate 105 and an adjacent polymer 140 having non-directional adjacency. Figure 1 D further illustrates an embodiment in which adjacent polymer 140 may also be adjacent to substrate 105.

[0067] Figure 2 The lubricant layer structure on the treated surface 200 is illustrated in general. In this embodiment, a polymer is shown as a physically adsorbed and / or bonded film 210 adjacent to an organosilane and / or organophosphorus compound 215, which is attached to the surface of an article 220, referred to as the treated article. In some embodiments, the polymer 210 may be sheared in a linear or rotational direction to create dissipation paths. In other embodiments, the polymer 210 may be sheared off from the organosilane and / or organophosphorus compound 215 to create dissipation paths, thereby reducing static and tactile friction on a hard substrate 220 such as stainless steel or glass.

[0068] In some embodiments, organosilane 215 is a molecule having at least one leaving group comprising an alkoxy group or a chloride group, and may further comprise at least one non-leaving group, such as an alkyl group, an aromatic group, a multi-leg silyl group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, or a cyclic group.

[0069] In some embodiments, organophosphorus 215 is a molecule having at least one substituent, which includes an alkyl group, an aromatic group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, a phosphonic acid group, or a cyclic group.

[0070] Consistent with some implementation plans, and will continue to be referenced. Figure 2This document discloses a lubricant layer structure on a treated surface 200. In this embodiment, a copolymer of silane and polymer, such as a membrane 210 depicted as physically adsorbed and / or bonded, is shown adjacent to an organosilane and / or organophosphorus compound 215 attached to the surface of an article 220, for example, referred to as a treated article. In some embodiments, the organosilane includes at least one alkyl group, such as a methyl group. In some embodiments, the polymer 210 may be sheared from the organosilane and / or organophosphorus compound 215 to create dissipative paths, thereby reducing static friction and abrasive forces on a hard substrate 220 such as stainless steel or glass.

[0071] Although not shown in the figures, in some embodiments, additives that enhance anti-friction and anti-static properties may also be included in the disclosed compositions. For example, to improve lubrication, additives such as two-dimensional boron nitride, graphite materials, ester oils, or wax-based emulsions may be added to the composition. To improve hydrophobicity, hydrophobic nanoparticles, such as silica, may be added to the composition. To improve corrosion resistance, benzotriazole or phenolic passivators and corrosion inhibitors, such as metal halides, may be added to the composition. Test methods As described herein, the corrosion performance of a substrate can be tested by immersing it in seawater, salt water, artificial sweat, or exposing it to salt spray or mist, according to ASTM B117 (Standardized Salt Spray Test). Visible signs of corrosion can then be examined on the substrate after a specific exposure time, or before corrosion is observed (where the time of the first observable corrosion will be the quality factor). Improvement or enhancement in corrosion performance is measured by comparing the onset of visible corrosion on a treated substrate with that on an untreated substrate, where the treated substrate shows delayed signs of corrosion or no signs of corrosion compared to the untreated substrate.

[0072] The hydrophobicity of a coating can be measured by observing the contact angle of water droplets on the coating surface. Enhanced hydrophobicity is measured by the increase in the water contact angle compared to an untreated surface after treatment with a lubricant composition.

[0073] As used herein, static friction, or the reduction in static friction, can be measured by measuring the static friction coefficients of the treated and untreated substrates. Measurements are performed by placing the substrates on an inclined surface with a variable tilt angle. The minimum angle at which the treated substrate begins to slide freely (…) The static friction coefficient is calculated using the following equation: μ ):

[0074] Static friction, or the reduction in static friction, is measured by comparing the static friction coefficients and critical angles of a treated substrate and an untreated substrate, wherein the treated substrate should show... and The reduction.

[0075] As used herein, friction, sliding friction, or kinetic friction can be measured using a nanoindenter (e.g., a Bruker Hysitron TS 77). The indenter slides against the substrate surface at a set speed and load, and the lateral force experienced by the indenter during sliding is recorded as friction. In the working embodiments described herein, at speeds up to 100... Maximum load, up to 10 The sliding distance in m and at 0.5 m / s to 100 Frictional forces were measured on both treated and untreated substrates at sliding speeds in the range of m / s. The reduction in frictional force was measured by comparing the frictional forces on the treated and untreated surfaces, wherein the frictional force measured by the indenter on the treated substrate was less than the frictional force measured on the untreated substrate.

[0076] The features and advantages of the compositions disclosed herein, as well as the methods for preparing the compositions, are illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way.

[0077] Example Working Example 1 In this working embodiment, the composition is applied to the substrate by immersing a stainless steel substrate in the composition for 1 minute, followed by air curing for 24 hours, and then rinsing with a solvent. The composition comprises a solution of dodecyltriethoxysilane (2.3 wt%), octadecylphosphonic acid (0.13 wt%), tetraethoxysilane (2.3 wt%), 1,8-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane (2.3 wt%), and silicone polyol copolymer (1.8 wt%) in methylcyclohexane (63 wt%) and ethanol (27 wt%). The treated stainless steel substrate had an average water contact angle of 83° with a standard deviation of 5°. The untreated stainless steel substrate had an average water contact angle of 62° with a standard deviation of 6°. In the tilted surface method, the treated substrate showed a 20% to 37% reduction in static friction compared to the untreated surface.

[0078] Working Example 2: Enhanced Corrosion Resistance The composition of Example 1 is as described above. However, the surface of this example was cured by heating at 100°C for 30 minutes, instead of air curing for 24 hours. The heat-cured surface was then rinsed with solvent. The resulting coated surface exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance compared to the untreated surface and the treated substrate cured under ambient conditions. In salt spray testing, the heat-cured substrate showed no visible signs of corrosion for up to 72 hours, while the untreated substrate and the substrate cured at ambient temperature showed visible corrosion after 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively.

[0079] Working Example 3: Enhanced Hydrophobicity This working example describes a lubricant composition prepared in a single nonpolar solvent: the composition was applied to a stainless steel substrate by immersing it in the composition for 1 minute followed by air curing for 24 hours, and then rinsing with the solvent. The composition comprised a solution of tetraethoxysilane (4 wt%), dodecyl(triethoxy)silane (2%), (1,8-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane) (2%), and a silicone copolymer polyol (3 wt%) in mineral oil (89%). The resulting coated surface exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, with the water contact angle on the stainless steel surface increasing to an average contact angle of 97° and a standard deviation of 3°. Working Example 4 This working example describes a composition prepared with an hBN additive (up to 0.5 wt%), in addition to the composition described in Example 3. The substrate to be treated was immersed in the lubricant for 1 minute, followed by air curing for 24 hours. In this example, the surface was not rinsed after the curing step. The lubricant was qualitatively shown to have increased lubricity compared to the untreated surface, such as by touch and feel on the skin.

[0080] Working Example 5 This working example describes a composition comprising a first and second part in different proportions compared to Working Example 1: the composition was applied to the substrate by immersing it in the composition for 30 minutes, followed by air curing for 24 hours, and then rinsing with a solvent. The composition comprised a solution of dodecyltriethoxysilane (1 wt%), tetraethoxysilane (2 wt%), and a silicone copolymer polyol (2 wt%) in methylcyclohexane (95 wt%). In immersion tests and ASTM B117 tests, the treated substrate exhibited improved corrosion resistance compared to the untreated surface, with no signs of corrosion observed in tests lasting up to 36 hours and 72 hours, respectively. For reference, the untreated surface corroded in all three tests within the first 24 hours.

[0081] Working Example 6 This working example describes the first part of a composition that does not contain organophosphorus compounds: applying a composition to a stainless steel substrate by immersing it in a lubricant for 1 minute, then air-curing it for 24 hours, followed by rinsing it with a solvent. The composition comprises a solution of dodecyl(triethoxy)silane (5.5 wt%), a silicone polyol having polyoxypropylene side chains (1.7 wt%), tetraethoxysilane (6 wt%), and 18-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane (3.5 wt%) in methylcyclohexane (83.3 wt%). By means of touch and sensation on the skin, the resulting surface-treated articles are qualitatively shown to have increased lubricity compared to untreated surfaces.

[0082] Working Example 7 In this working embodiment, the composition is applied to the substrate by immersing the glass substrate in the composition for 1 minute, followed by air curing for 24 hours, and then rinsing with a solvent. The composition comprises a solution of dodecyltriethoxysilane (2.3 wt%), octadecylphosphonic acid (0.13 wt%), tetraethoxysilane (2.3 wt%), 1,8-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane (2.3 wt%), and silicone polyol copolymer (1.8 wt%) in methylcyclohexane (63 wt%) and ethanol (27 wt%). Compared to the untreated surface measured using a nanoindenter, the treated substrate showed a reduction in friction of at least 10%. Comparative Example 1 The following comparative compositions were prepared without adjacent polymers: a stainless steel substrate was coated with the composition by immersing it in the composition for 1 minute, followed by air curing for 24 hours, and then rinsing with a solvent. The composition comprised a solution of tetraethoxysilane (4.5 wt%), octadecylphosphonic acid (1.5 wt%), dodecyl(triethoxy)silane (2.5 wt%), and 1,8-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane (2.5 wt%) in methylcyclohexane and ethanol (70:30 vol%), respectively. Compared to the treated substrate described in Working Example 1, the resulting treated surface showed reduced corrosion resistance after immersion in seawater for 36 hours.

[0083] Comparative Example 2 The following comparative compositions were prepared without the first part of the composition: the composition, comprising a solution of silicone copolymer polyol (4 wt%) in methylcyclohexane (96 wt%), was applied to the substrate by immersing the substrate in the composition for 1 minute, followed by air curing for 24 hours, and then rinsing with a solvent.

[0084] The resulting composition is unstable and ineffective, as evidenced by the absence of material residue after rinsing / wiping.

[0085] Industrial applicability This disclosure describes compositions that may have wide applications due to one or more of the properties described. For example, in some embodiments, the compositions can be used in applications requiring low-friction or static friction coatings. Non-limiting advantages of the compositions and articles of this disclosure include: alternatives to those compositions currently using fluorine-based dry lubricants; lubricants for consumer products having metal or metal oxide components; and lubricants for articles including metal chains, such as jewelry, braided straps, and watch straps.

[0086] More generally, the disclosed compositions can be used as stand-alone hydrophobic surface treatments for a variety of material surfaces, such as metals, metal oxides, glass, and acrylic resins. Non-limiting examples of this use include coatings on windows, screens, monitors, high-frequency contact surfaces, electronic products, housings of electronic devices, and combinations thereof. The hydrophobic coating can be used in virtually any application where improved visibility is required, and therefore water needs to be drawn in and rolled off. For example, it can be applied to automotive windshields, windows, and bodies, or anywhere exposed to rain conditions where water needs to be drawn in and rolled off.

[0087] The hydrophobic coatings described in this article can be applied to electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and cameras to protect them from water damage. These coatings create a waterproof barrier and prevent water from penetrating sensitive components, thereby improving the durability and reliability of the devices.

[0088] Furthermore, the reduced friction and improved corrosion resistance imparted by the described composition can enhance the efficiency and performance of machinery and manufacturing processes. For example, bearings, gears, and other moving parts can operate more smoothly, thereby reducing energy consumption, decreasing wear and tear, and extending equipment life.

[0089] In some implementations, reducing friction in sports equipment, especially when used in challenging or corrosive environments such as fishing, skiing, snowboarding, ice hockey, snorkeling / diving, and cycling, can enhance performance and user experience by improving a variety of properties such as (on masks or goggles) reducing fogging, reducing drag, increasing speed, and increasing mobility.

[0090] The foregoing description is presented for illustrative purposes. It is not exhaustive and is not limited to the precise forms or embodiments disclosed. Modifications and adaptations to the embodiments will be apparent upon consideration of the specification and the practice of the disclosed embodiments. While some components have been described as coupled to each other, such components may be integrated with each other or distributed in any suitable manner.

[0091] Furthermore, while illustrative embodiments have been described herein, the scope includes any and all embodiments having equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., combinations of aspects of various embodiments), adaptations, and / or variations based on this disclosure. Elements in the claims will be interpreted broadly based on the language used in the claims and are not limited to the embodiments described in this specification or during implementation of the application, which will be understood as non-exclusive. Further, the steps of the disclosed method may be modified in any way, including reordering steps and / or inserting or deleting steps.

[0092] The features and advantages of this disclosure are apparent from this detailed description, and therefore the appended claims are intended to cover all systems and methods falling within the true spirit and scope of this disclosure. As used herein, the indefinite article “a / an” means “one or more / a combination of one or more”. Similarly, unless the use of a plural term is explicit in the given context, it does not necessarily mean plural. Unless otherwise expressly stated, words such as “and” or “or” mean “and / or”. Furthermore, since various modifications and alterations will be readily made by studying this disclosure, it is not intended to limit this disclosure to the exact constructions and operations illustrated and described, and therefore all suitable modifications and equivalents are subject to and fall within the scope of this disclosure. Throughout this application, various embodiments of this disclosure may be presented in scope form. It should be understood that the use of scope form is for convenience and brevity only and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, a description of scope should be considered to include all possible sub-scopes of the specific disclosure, as well as individual numerical values ​​within that scope. For example, a scope description such as 1 to 6 should be considered to include sub-scopes such as 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 6, 3 to 6, etc., and individual numbers within said scope, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The foregoing applies regardless of the breadth of the scope.

[0093] Other embodiments will become apparent upon consideration of the description and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. The description and examples are intended to be considered merely illustrative, and the true scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composition for reducing at least one of surface friction or static friction, said composition comprising: The first part, which includes: (a) at least one organosilane; (b) at least one organophosphate; or (c) a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus; and The second part comprises at least one polymer. Wherein, one or more of the first portion (a), (b), or (c) is configured as an attachment layer on the surface, and the at least one polymer of the second portion is adjacent to the attachment layer. The first and second portions of the composition are present in an amount sufficient to reduce the friction, static friction, or both of the surface relative to the untreated form.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one organosilane comprises a molecule having at least one leaving group.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the at least one leaving group comprises an alkoxy group or a chloride group.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one organosilane has at least one non-leaving group.

5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the at least one non-leaving group comprises an alkyl group, an aromatic group, a silyl group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, or a cyclic group.

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the alkyl group has between 1 and 100 carbon atoms.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the organosilane comprises an alkyl group and comprises dodecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrichlorosilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

8. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the organosilane comprises an aromatic group and comprises 1-naphthyltrimethoxysilane, p-tolyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

9. The composition of claim 5, wherein the organosilane comprises an unsaturated (vinyl) group and comprises vinyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

10. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the organosilane comprises a thiol group and comprises 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propanethiol, 11-mercaptoundecyltrimethoxysilane, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, or derivatives of these compounds.

11. The composition of claim 5, wherein the organosilane comprises an epoxy group and comprises 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

12. The composition of claim 5, wherein the organosilane comprises a cyclic group and comprises cyclohexyltrichlorosilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrichlorosilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

13. The composition of claim 5, wherein the organosilane comprises an additional silane group and comprises 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, 1,8-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane, bis(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)decane, 1,6-bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane, tris(triethoxysilylpropyl)amine, or derivatives of these compounds.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organophosphorus comprises a molecule having at least one group, said at least one group comprising an alkyl group, an aromatic group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, a phosphonic acid group, or a cyclic group.

15. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the alkyl group has between 1 and 100 carbon atoms.

16. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the organophosphorus comprises methylphosphonic acid, (2,4-dimethyl)phosphonic acid, octadecylphosphonic acid, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, 6-phosphonohexanoic acid, hexadecylphosphonic acid, n-dodecylphosphonic acid, (12-phosphonododecyl)phosphonic acid, 1,4-phenylenebis(phosphonic acid), N,N′-2-methylpiperazinebis(methylenephosphonic acid), or combinations thereof.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a polymer having a molecular weight of 1 kDa to 10,000 kDa.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one polymer comprises silicone, polyolefin, polystyrene, rubber, wax, polyether, copolymer thereof, or combination thereof.

19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the silicone comprises polydimethylsiloxane, polyphenylsiloxane, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof.

20. The composition of claim 18, wherein the polyolefin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof.

21. The composition of claim 18, wherein the wax comprises a wax based on ethylene bis(stearamide), carnauba wax, lanolin, or is part of a wax emulsion or a combination thereof.

22. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises hydroxyl, silanol, amine, aldehyde, or thiol functional groups or combinations thereof.

23. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the at least one polymer when used alone is from 1 cSt to 10,000 cSt.

24. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an appropriate amount of at least one solvent for dissolving the first portion, the second portion, or both.

25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the at least one solvent is selected from polar solvents, nonpolar solvents, or mixtures thereof.

26. The composition according to claim 25, wherein the nonpolar solvent is selected from methylcyclohexane, isoparaffin solvents, mineral oil, or mixtures thereof.

27. The composition of claim 25, wherein the polar solvent is selected from water, ethanol, methanol, ammonia, hydrofluoric acid, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof.

28. The composition of claim 25, wherein the at least one solvent comprises both ethanol and methylcyclohexane.

29. The composition of claim 25, wherein the at least one solvent comprises a mixture of at least one polar solvent and at least one nonpolar solvent, the mixture comprising a volume ratio of the nonpolar solvent to the polar solvent between 10:1 and 1:

10.

30. The composition of claim 25, wherein the at least one solvent comprises 2 to 99.1% by weight of the composition.

31. The composition of claim 1, wherein the total amount of the first portion and the second portion constitutes 0.1 to 98% by weight of the composition.

32. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the first portion to the second portion is in the range between 10:1 and 1:

10.

33. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organophosphorus comprises 0.01 to 90% by weight of the first portion.

34. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least one organosilane containing only a leaving group and at least one organosilane containing at least one non-leaving group are present, wherein the weight ratio of the silane having only a leaving group to the silane having at least one non-leaving group is in the range between 1:100 and 10:

1.

35. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further imparts enhanced hydrophobicity to the surface, as demonstrated by the increase in the water contact angle on the surface compared to an untreated surface.

36. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition imparts enhanced anti-corrosion properties to the surface compared to an untreated surface when the surface is exposed to salt water, sebum, sweat, humid heat, or a combination thereof.

37. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more additives.

38. The composition of claim 37, wherein the one or more additives are selected from triazole derivatives, hindered phenols, metal halides, and thioethers or combinations thereof.

39. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a material having a two-dimensional morphology.

40. The composition of claim 39, wherein the material having a two-dimensional morphology comprises hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS), graphene, or a combination thereof.

41. A method for reducing at least one of surface friction or static friction, the method comprising: The composition is applied to the surface of the material, the composition comprising: The first part, which includes: (a) at least one organosilane; (b) at least one organic phosphorus; (c) a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus; and The second part comprises at least one polymer. Wherein, one or more of the first portion (a), (b), or (c) is configured as an attachment layer on the surface, and the at least one polymer of the second portion is adjacent to the attachment layer. The first and second portions of the composition are present in an amount sufficient to reduce the friction, static friction, or both of the surface relative to the untreated form.

42. The method of claim 41, further comprising at least one pre-cleaning step for the surface prior to the coating step.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein the pre-cleaning step comprises corona treatment, plasma treatment, acid bath or alkaline bath or a combination thereof.

44. The method of claim 41, wherein the material is selected from metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, glass, ceramics, plastics, or combinations thereof.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the metal or metal alloy comprises stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof.

46. ​​The method of claim 41, further comprising at least one curing step selected from environmental curing, thermal curing, or high humidity curing.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein environmental curing is performed for 1 minute to 7 days.

48. The method of claim 41, wherein the composition is applied to the substrate by dip coating, spraying, needle dispensing, brushing, or a combination thereof.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the dip coating is performed for a period ranging from 1 minute to 1 hour.

50. The method of claim 41, further comprising rinsing the article after applying the composition.

51. The method of claim 41, wherein the at least one organosilane comprises a molecule having at least one leaving group.

52. The method of claim 51, wherein the at least one leaving group comprises an alkoxy group or a chloride group.

53. The method according to claim 41, wherein the at least one organosilane has at least one non-leaving group.

54. The method of claim 53, wherein the at least one group of the non-leaving group comprises an alkyl group, an aromatic group, a silyl group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, or a cyclic group.

55. The method of claim 54, wherein the alkyl group has between 1 and 100 carbon atoms.

56. The method of claim 55, wherein the organosilane comprises an alkyl group and comprises dodecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrichlorosilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

57. The method of claim 54, wherein the organosilane comprises an aromatic group and comprises 1-naphthyltrimethoxysilane, p-tolyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

58. The method of claim 54, wherein the organosilane comprises an unsaturated (vinyl) group and comprises vinyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

59. The method of claim 54, wherein the organosilane comprises a thiol group and comprises 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propanethiol, 11-mercaptoundecyltrimethoxysilane, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, or derivatives of these compounds.

60. The method of claim 54, wherein the organosilane comprises an epoxy group and comprises 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

61. The method of claim 54, wherein the organosilane comprises a cyclic group containing an organosilane, and comprises cyclohexyltrichlorosilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrichlorosilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

62. The method of claim 54, wherein the organosilane comprises an additional silane group and comprises 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, 1,8-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane, bis(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)decane, 1,6-bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane, tris(triethoxysilylpropyl)amine, or derivatives of these compounds.

63. The method of claim 41, wherein the organophosphorus comprises a molecule having at least one group, said at least one group comprising an alkyl group, an aromatic group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, a phosphonic acid group, or a cyclic group.

64. The method of claim 63, wherein the alkyl group has between 1 and 100 carbon atoms.

65. The method of claim 41, wherein the organophosphorus comprises methylphosphonic acid, (2,4-dimethyl)phosphonic acid, octadecylphosphonic acid, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, 6-phosphonohexanoic acid, hexadecylphosphonic acid, n-dodecylphosphonic acid, (12-phosphonododecyl)phosphonic acid, 1,4-phenylenebis(phosphonic acid), N,N′-2-methylpiperazinebis(methylenephosphonic acid), or combinations thereof.

66. The method of claim 41, wherein the second portion comprises a polymer having a molecular weight of 1 kDa to 10,000 kDa.

67. The method of claim 41, wherein the at least one polymer comprises silicone, polyolefin, polystyrene, rubber, wax, polyether, copolymer thereof, or combination thereof.

68. The method of claim 67, wherein the silicone comprises polydimethylsiloxane, polyphenylsiloxane, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof.

69. The method of claim 67, wherein the polyolefin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof.

70. The method of claim 67, wherein the wax comprises a wax based on ethylene bis(stearamide), carnauba wax, lanolin, or is part of a wax emulsion or a combination thereof.

71. The method of claim 41, wherein the polymer comprises hydroxyl, silanol, amine, aldehyde, or thiol functional groups or combinations thereof.

72. The method of claim 41, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the at least one polymer when used alone is from 1 cSt to 10,000 cSt.

73. The method of claim 41, further comprising an appropriate amount of at least one solvent for dissolving the first portion, the second portion, or both.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein the at least one solvent is selected from polar solvents, nonpolar solvents, or mixtures thereof.

75. The method of claim 74, wherein the nonpolar solvent is selected from methylcyclohexane, isoparaffin solvents, mineral oil, or mixtures thereof.

76. The method of claim 74, wherein the polar solvent is selected from water, ethanol, ammonia, hydrofluoric acid, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof.

77. The method of claim 74, wherein the at least one solvent comprises both ethanol and methylcyclohexane.

78. The method of claim 74, wherein the at least one solvent comprises a mixture of at least one polar solvent and at least one nonpolar solvent, the mixture comprising a volume ratio of the nonpolar solvent to the polar solvent between 10:1 and 1:

10.

79. The method of claim 73, wherein the at least one solvent comprises 2 to 99.1% by weight of the composition.

80. The method of claim 41, wherein the total amount of the first portion and the second portion constitutes 0.1 to 98% by weight of the composition.

81. The method of claim 41, wherein the weight ratio of the first portion to the second portion is in the range between 10:1 and 1:

10.

82. The method of claim 41, wherein the at least one organophosphorus compound comprises 0.01 to 90% by weight of the first portion.

83. The method of claim 41, wherein at least one organosilane containing only a leaving group and at least one organosilane containing at least one non-leaving group are present, wherein the weight ratio of the silane containing only a leaving group to the silane containing at least one non-leaving group is in the range between 1:100 and 10:

1.

84. The method of claim 41, wherein the method further imparts enhanced hydrophobicity to the surface, as demonstrated by the increase in water contact angle compared to an untreated surface.

85. The method of claim 41, wherein the method further imparts enhanced anti-corrosion properties to the surface compared to an untreated surface when the surface is exposed to salt water, sebum, sweat, humid heat, or a combination thereof.

86. The method of claim 41, wherein the method further comprises one or more additives.

87. The method of claim 86, wherein the one or more additives are selected from triazole derivatives, hindered phenols, metal halides, and thioethers or combinations thereof.

88. The method of claim 41, wherein the method further comprises a material having a two-dimensional morphology.

89. The method of claim 88, wherein the material having a two-dimensional morphology comprises hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS), graphene, or a combination thereof.

90. An article of manufacture comprising: At least one surface, wherein the at least one surface has a surface treatment thereon, the surface treatment having a composition comprising the following: The first part, which includes: (a) at least one organosilane; (b) at least one organophosphate; or (c) a combination of at least one organosilane and at least one organophosphorus; and The second part comprises at least one polymer. Wherein, one or more of the first portion (a), (b), or (c) is configured as an attachment layer on the surface, and the at least one polymer of the second portion is adjacent to the attachment layer. The composition is present in an amount sufficient to reduce the friction or static friction of the surface relative to the untreated form.

91. The article of claim 90, wherein the surface has a material selected from the group consisting of metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, glass, ceramics, plastics, or combinations thereof.

92. The article of claim 90, wherein there are two surfaces in contact with each other, the two surfaces being linearly or rotationally movable relative to each other, wherein at least one surface has a surface treatment thereon.

93. The article of claim 90, wherein the at least one surface is part of a link assembly, a bearing, an extrusion assembly, a hinge or a hinge assembly or a combination thereof.

94. The article of claim 90, wherein at least one surface has a long-term contact with another surface.

95. The article of claim 94, wherein the other surface is a living organ or tissue.

96. The article of claim 94, wherein the long-term contact range can be up to one year.

97. The article of claim 90, wherein the at least one surface having a surface treatment thereon comprises a window, a watch and watch strap, a screen, a monitor, a high-frequency contact surface, an electronic product, a housing of an electronic device, and combinations thereof.

98. The article of claim 90, wherein the at least one surface having the surface treatment thereon is located in an air or water medium.

99. The article of claim 90, wherein the organosilane comprises a molecule having at least one leaving group.

100. The article of claim 99, wherein the at least one leaving group comprises an alkoxy group or a chloride group.

101. The article of claim 90, wherein the organosilane has at least one non-leaving group.

102. The article of claim 101, wherein the at least one group of the non-leaving group comprises an alkyl group, an aromatic group, a silyl group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, or a cyclic group.

103. The article of claim 102, wherein the alkyl group has between 1 and 100 carbon atoms.

104. The article of claim 103, wherein the organosilane comprises an alkyl group and comprises dodecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrichlorosilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

105. The article of claim 102, wherein the organosilane comprises an aromatic group and comprises 1-naphthyltrimethoxysilane, p-tolyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

106. The article of claim 102, wherein the organosilane comprises an unsaturated (vinyl) group and comprises vinyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

107. The article of claim 102, wherein the organosilane comprises a thiol group and comprises 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propanethiol, 11-mercaptoundecyltrimethoxysilane, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide or derivatives of these compounds.

108. The article of claim 102, wherein the organosilane comprises an epoxy group and comprises 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or derivatives of these compounds.

109. The article of claim 102, wherein the organosilane comprises a cyclic group and comprises cyclohexyltrichlorosilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrichlorosilane or derivatives of these compounds.

110. The article of claim 102, wherein the organosilane comprises an additional silane group and comprises 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, 1,8-bis(triethoxysilyl)octane, bis(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)decane, 1,6-bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane, tris(triethoxysilylpropyl)amine or derivatives of these compounds.

111. The article of claim 90, wherein the organophosphorus comprises a molecule having at least one group, said at least one group comprising an alkyl group, an aromatic group, a silicone group, an unsaturated (vinyl) group, an epoxy group, a thiol group, a phosphonic acid group, or a cyclic group.

112. The article of claim 111, wherein the alkyl group has between 1 and 100 carbon atoms.

113. The article of claim 90, wherein the organophosphorus comprises methylphosphonic acid, (2,4-dimethyl)phosphonic acid, octadecylphosphonic acid, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, 6-phosphonohexanoic acid, hexadecylphosphonic acid, n-dodecylphosphonic acid, (12-phosphonododecyl)phosphonic acid, 1,4-phenylenebis(phosphonic acid), N,N′-2-methylpiperazinebis(methylenephosphonic acid), or combinations thereof.

114. The article of claim 90, wherein the molecular weight of the polymer is from 1 kDa to 10,000 kDa.

115. The article of claim 90, wherein the at least one polymer comprises silicone, polyolefin, polystyrene, rubber, wax, polyether, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof.

116. The article of claim 115, wherein the silicone comprises polydimethylsiloxane, polyphenylsiloxane, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof.

117. The article of claim 115, wherein the polyolefin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers thereof, or combinations thereof.

118. The article of claim 115, wherein the wax comprises a wax based on ethylene bis(stearamide), carnauba wax, or lanolin, and is part of a wax emulsion or a combination thereof.

119. The article of claim 115, wherein the polymer comprises hydroxyl, silanol, amine, aldehyde, or thiol functional groups or combinations thereof.

120. The article of claim 90, wherein the polymer has a kinematic viscosity of 1 cSt to 10,000 cSt when used alone.

121. The article of claim 90, wherein the total amount of the first portion and the second portion constitutes 0.1 to 98 percent by weight of the composition.

122. The article of manufacture according to claim 90, wherein the weight ratio of the first portion to the second portion is in the range between 10:1 and 1:

10.

123. The article of claim 90, wherein the at least one organophosphorus compound comprises 0.01 to 90% by weight of the first portion.

124. The article of claim 99, wherein at least one organosilane containing only leaving groups and at least one organosilane containing at least one non-leaving group are present, wherein the weight ratio of the silane having all leaving groups to the silane having at least one non-leaving group is in the range between 1:100 and 10:

1.

125. The article of claim 90, wherein the article further imparts enhanced hydrophobicity to the surface, as demonstrated by an increase in the water contact angle compared to an untreated surface.

126. The article of claim 90, wherein when the surface is exposed to salt water, sebum, sweat, humid heat or a combination thereof, the article further imparts enhanced anti-corrosion properties to the surface compared to an untreated surface.

127. The article of claim 90, wherein the article further comprises one or more additives.

128. The article of claim 127, wherein the one or more additives are selected from triazole derivatives, hindered phenols, metal halides and thioethers or combinations thereof.

129. The article of claim 90, wherein the article further comprises a material having a two-dimensional morphology.

130. The article of claim 129, wherein the material having a two-dimensional morphology comprises hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS), graphene, or a combination thereof.

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