Tension testing machine for testing basalt fiber super-viscous wearing layer

Abstract

The invention provides a tensile testing machine for testing a basalt fiber super-viscous wearing layer, and belongs to the technical field of pavement material tensile testing devices.The tensile testing machine comprises a base component, clamping head assemblies, a constant-temperature cover assembly, a bottom driving assembly and a cooling and heating all-in-one machine, and the clamping head assemblies are arranged in the base component in pairs; constant-temperature covers are screwed to the two sides of one end of a base component in pairs, a clamping base in a clamping head assembly at the bottom is fixedly connected with the inner bottom of the base component, clamping heads are slidably connected to the inner side face of a trapezoidal groove formed in the head end of the clamping base in pairs, an inner sliding block is transversely slidably connected to the tail ends of the two sets of clamping heads jointly, and an adjusting bolt is vertically connected to a main body of the clamping base in a threaded mode. The head end of the adjusting bolt is screwed with the inner sliding block, so that when the bottom driving assembly drives the clamping head assembly at the bottom to carry out clamping, the constant-temperature cover can be driven to form a rotary closing action, and the constant-temperature cover can be communicated with the cold and hot all-in-one machine only after the constant-temperature cover is closed in place and a closed space is formed for a test piece between the outer surfaces of the two groups of clamping seats, so that safety and reliability are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of tensile testing devices for road materials, and in particular to a tensile testing machine for testing basalt fiber ultra-adhesive wear layer. Background Technology

[0002] Basalt fiber super-adhesive wear-resistant layer is a high-performance, thin-layer, and fast-maintaining road surface treatment material, mainly composed of basalt fiber, super-adhesive modified emulsified asphalt, and fine aggregate or stone chips with a specific gradation. During construction, a fiber-reinforced crushed stone seal process is typically used. Pre-cut short basalt fibers, super-adhesive modified emulsified asphalt, and pre-mixed crushed stone are simultaneously or precisely sprayed / spread onto the road surface using specialized equipment. After compaction, a dense network structure layer is formed where "super-adhesive emulsified asphalt + basalt fiber + crushed stone" are interlocked, wrapped, and bonded. The fibers mainly serve a reinforcing and bridging function, significantly improving the overall mechanical properties.

[0003] Tensile testing, a key method for evaluating the mechanical properties of the aforementioned materials, can assess their tensile strength and characterize interfacial adhesion. However, existing general-purpose waste testing equipment completely lacks the capability to conduct tests in a controlled temperature environment, failing to simulate the extreme temperature conditions faced by basalt fiber ultra-adhesive wear-resistant layers during actual service. If variable-temperature testing is required, the samples must be pretreated in an external environmental chamber, and then manually and quickly transferred to and clamped onto the testing machine fixture. This process is time-consuming, and the samples (especially those at extreme temperatures) are inevitably exposed to room temperature, leading to significant changes in their surface and internal temperatures. This temperature disturbance severely affects the material's true mechanical response at the target test temperature (such as low-temperature brittleness or high-temperature softening), reducing the accuracy and repeatability of the test results. Furthermore, the manual operation is cumbersome, and operators risk frostbite or burns from direct contact with the samples during transfer and clamping at extreme temperatures (especially ultra-low temperatures). Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tensile testing machine for testing the super-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber. Based on the pair of clamping head assemblies arranged in the middle of the base component, the machine is connected to the thermostatic hood and the bottom clamping head assembly by the bottom drive assembly. This allows the clamping action of the two sets of clamps at the bottom to be linked with the closing action of the thermostatic hood. The machine can only be connected to the integrated heating and cooling machine after the thermostatic hood is closed. This not only facilitates the clamping of the specimen, but also provides a test environment with different temperatures.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a tensile testing machine for testing the super-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber, comprising a base component, a clamping head assembly, a constant temperature hood assembly, a bottom drive assembly, and a heating and cooling integrated machine. The clamping head assembly includes a clamp seat and a trapezoidal groove, the constant temperature hood assembly includes a central fixed gear, and the bottom drive assembly includes a bottom helical gear. The clamping head assemblies are arranged in pairs in the middle of the base component. The clamping seat in one of the clamping head assemblies at the bottom is fixedly connected to the bottom of the base component. The clamping heads are slidably connected to the inner side of the trapezoidal groove opened at the head end of the clamping seat in pairs. The ends of the two sets of clamping heads are slidably connected to the inner slider in the same horizontal direction. The main body of the clamping seat is vertically threaded with an adjusting bolt. The head end of the adjusting bolt is screwed to the inner slider. The base component has constant temperature covers screwed onto both sides at one end. The central fixed gear is fixed to the middle of the rotating shaft of the constant temperature cover, and the bottom rotating gear is screwed onto the middle of the bottom of a set of clamps at the bottom and slides into the end of a set of adjusting bolts at the bottom. The inner bottom of the base component has a rotatable bottom drive gear that meshes with the bottom rotating gear. A pair of side rotating gears are screwed onto one end of the inner bottom of the base component. One set of side rotating gears meshes with the bottom drive gear, and the side rotating gears on the same side are connected to the central fixed gear. When the bottom drive gear rotates and the bottom rotating gears cooperate to drive the adjusting bolts to rotate, forming a clamping action on the specimen, the cooperation between the bottom drive gear and the side rotating gears can also drive the constant temperature cover to close. Only after the two sets of constant temperature covers are closed in place can the inner cavity of the constant temperature cover be connected to the integrated heating and cooling machine.

[0006] The process of using the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: Two clamping assemblies are used to clamp the upper and lower ends of the specimen, and the top clamping assembly is equipped with a tension device and a tension testing device. Before the specimen was clamped, both sets of constant temperature hoods were in the maximum open position; The top set of clamping assemblies is used for the initial clamping of the specimen, forming a connection between the upper end of the specimen and the top set of clamping assemblies. Then, the drive mechanism connected to the bottom drive gear is activated, which drives the rotation of the bottom drive gear, so that the bottom drive gear and the bottom helical gear form a transmission. Since the bottom helical gear slides with the end of a set of adjusting bolts at the bottom, it can drive the adjusting bolts to form a threaded connection with the clamping seat, thus pushing the clamps. The movement of the two sets of clamps towards the head end of the clamping seat can form the clamping action of the specimen. When the bottom drive gear rotates, it can also cooperate with the paired side helical gears to form a transmission, so that the side helical gear on the same side cooperates with the central fixed gear to drive the two sets of constant temperature hoods to form a closing action. After the bottom clamps are in place, the two sets of constant temperature covers are closed and placed between the outer sides of the two sets of clamps. After the two sets of constant temperature hoods are closed in place, the enclosed cavity formed by the clamping head assembly is connected to the integrated cooling and heating machine. The pneumatic integrated cooling and heating machine can circulate cold or hot air into the cavity formed by the constant temperature hood to simulate the tensile test of the specimen under different temperature conditions. After the integrated heating and cooling machine creates a certain temperature environment in the inner cavity of the constant temperature hood, the tensile device and tensile testing device installed in the top assembly of clamps can be used to perform tensile testing on the specimen.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: (1) Compared with the traditional tensile testing machine, which does not have temperature control function and cannot simulate the high and low temperature conditions in the actual road environment, the present invention integrates an automatically opening and closing constant temperature cover in the clamping area formed by two sets of clamping components. The clamping action of the bottom set of clamping components is linked with the opening and closing action of the constant temperature cover. This not only introduces a precise and controllable temperature environment for tensile testing, but also does not interfere with the clamping action of the specimen when the constant temperature cover is open. It does not rely on an external environmental chamber, which significantly improves the function and applicability of the tensile testing machine. (2) At the same time, the present invention utilizes the mechanical linkage formed by the clamping action of a set of clamping components at the bottom and the opening and closing action of the constant temperature cover to achieve seamless connection between the specimen clamping operation and the establishment of the temperature environment. During the clamping process, the constant temperature cover automatically opens to avoid the gap. After the clamping is completed, the constant temperature cover automatically closes synchronously and establishes a connection with the integrated heating and cooling machine to start the temperature control cycle. This greatly shortens the exposure time of the specimen in the non-target environment, effectively reduces the temperature disturbance caused by manual transfer and operation delay, ensures the stability of the specimen at the target temperature, and thus improves the reliability of the test data. (3) Furthermore, during the tensile test, the mechanical linkage formed by the clamping action of the bottom assembly of clamping components and the opening and closing action of the thermostatic cover also ensures that the specimen is immediately sealed in the thermostatic cover after clamping. The operator does not need to directly contact the specimen body under different extreme temperatures during the entire clamping process, thus avoiding potential frostbite or burn risks and improving the safety of the operable process. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2This is a structural schematic diagram of the base component and the vertical sliding component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical moving component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the specimen clamping for the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping head assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping part of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the portal frame portion of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the thermostatic cover assembly in its closed state according to the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the thermostatic cover assembly of the present invention in the open state; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner magnetic pad portion of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the bottom drive component of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure of the bottom drive component of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated cooling and heating unit of the present invention; Figure 14 This is an exploded structural diagram of the integrated cooling and heating unit of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic locking pin of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pneumatic locking pin of the present invention.

[0010] Figure label: 1. Base component; 2. Vertical movement component; 3. Tensile testing component; 4. Clamping head component; 5. Thermostatic cover component; 6. Bottom drive component; 7. Integrated heating and cooling unit; 8. Pneumatic locking column; 101. Base frame; 102. Side frame; 103. Protective cover; 201. Vertical guide rail; 202. Guide rail seat; 203. Lead screw; 204. Lead screw rotating seat; 205. Lead screw motor; 206. Vertical movement frame; 207. Guide slider; 208. Lead screw slider; 301. Tensile hydraulic cylinder; 302. Tensile sensor Device; 303, gantry frame; 304, upper hexagonal gear; 305, upper hexagonal seat; 306, upper locking motor; 307, upper locking gear; 401, clamp; 402, trapezoidal groove; 403, wedge-shaped slide groove; 404, chuck; 405, wedge-shaped slider; 406, adjusting slide groove; 407, inner slider; 408, adjusting bolt; 409, clearance groove; 410, inlaid nut; 411, outer fixed shaft; 412, hexagonal column; 413, limit seat; 501, opening and closing rotating seat; 502, rotating frame 503. Opening / closing shaft; 504. Central fixed gear; 505. Thermostatic cover; 506. Inner magnetic pad; 601. Bottom helical gear; 602. Bottom hexagonal seat; 603. Bottom drive motor; 604. Bottom drive gear; 605. Conductive rotating seat; 606. Conductive shaft; 607. Conductive gear; 608. Conductive toothed pulley; 609. Side rotating seat; 610. Side rotating shaft; 611. Side rotating gear; 612. Side rotating toothed pulley; 613. Toothed belt; 701. Heating module; 702. Central connecting cover; 703. Refrigeration module; 704, centrifugal fan; 705, top adapter cover; 706, bottom adapter cover; 707, corrugated hose; 708, top insert pipe; 709, bottom insert pipe; 710, top flared sleeve; 711, bottom flared sleeve; 712, inner tube; 801, outer lock seat; 802, pneumatic flap; 803, annular column; 804, pneumatic rotating seat; 805, pneumatic rotating shaft; 806, torsion spring; 807, fixed locking seat; 808, movable locking seat; 809, annular rotating seat; 810, fixed locking seat. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0013] Example 1: like Figures 1-16 As shown, in one embodiment, the present invention is based on a pair of clamping head assemblies 4 arranged in the base component 1. Through the linkage between the bottom drive component 6 and the constant temperature cover assembly 5 formed by the clamping head assembly 4 at the bottom, and the setting that it can only be connected to the integrated heating and cooling machine 7 when the constant temperature cover 505 is closed, a precise and controllable temperature environment is introduced for tensile testing. When the constant temperature cover 505 is open, it will not interfere with the clamping action of the specimen. It does not require an external environmental chamber, which can significantly improve the function and applicability of the tensile testing machine.

[0014] Specifically, a pair of clamping head assemblies 4 are provided in the inner middle of the base component 1 for clamping the upper and lower ends of the specimen. The clamping seat 401 in one of the clamping head assemblies 4 at the bottom is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the base component 1. A pair of clamping heads 404 are slidably connected to the inner side of the trapezoidal groove 402 opened at the head end of the clamping seat 401. An inner slider 407 is slidably connected to the common end of the two sets of clamping heads 404. An adjusting bolt 408 is vertically threaded in the main body of the clamping seat 401. The head end of the adjusting bolt 408 is screwed to the inner slider 407 and will not separate from the inner slider 407. A constant temperature cover 505 is screwed onto both sides of one end of the base component 1. A central fixed gear 504 is fixed to the middle of the rotating shaft of the constant temperature cover 505. A bottom helical gear 601 is screwed onto the middle of the bottom end of a set of clamps 401 at the bottom and slides against the end of a set of adjusting bolts 408 at the bottom. A rotatable bottom drive gear 604 is provided on the inner bottom of the base component 1, which meshes with the bottom helical gear 601. A pair of side helical gears 611 are screwed onto one end of the inner bottom of the base component 1, one of which is a set of side helical gears. 611 meshes with the bottom drive gear 604, and the side helical gear 611 on the same side is connected to the middle fixed gear 504. When the bottom drive gear 604 rotates and cooperates with the bottom helical gear 601 to drive the adjusting bolt 408 to rotate, forming the clamping action of the chuck 404 on the specimen, the cooperation between the bottom drive gear 604 and the side helical gear 611 can also drive the constant temperature cover 505 to form a closing action. Only after the two sets of constant temperature covers 505 are closed in place can the inner cavity of the constant temperature cover 505 be connected to the integrated heating and cooling machine 7. Before conducting tensile tests on the basalt fiber super-adhesive wear layer, specimens need to be prepared first. At the sample construction site, select an area without cracks or bulges and use a water-cooled diamond core drill at a speed of less than 300 rpm to drill to 5 mm below the bottom of the wear layer (ensuring that the complete bonding layer is included). Then, remove the core sample, cut off the excess base layer at the bottom, and retain the wear layer with uniform thickness. The test plate with the wear layer and the base layer was cut into 250×50mm squares using a rock cutter. The interface bonding layer was softened with a hot air gun, and the wear layer thin plate was carefully peeled off to form the test sample. Two clamping assemblies 4 are used to clamp the upper and lower ends of the specimen, and a tension device and a tension testing device are installed in the top clamping assembly 4. The two chuck assemblies 4 are aligned and have no relative twist, and can clamp the upper and lower ends of the specimen respectively. Before the specimen is clamped, both sets of constant temperature hoods 505 are in the maximum open position, which will not affect the operator's clamping of the specimen. The top set of clamping assemblies 4 is used for the initial clamping of the specimen, forming a connection between the upper end of the specimen and the top set of clamping assemblies 4. Then, the drive mechanism connected to the bottom drive gear 604 is activated, which drives the rotation of the bottom drive gear 604, so that the bottom drive gear 604 and the bottom helical gear 601 form a transmission. Since the bottom helical gear 601 slides with the end of a set of adjusting bolts 408 at the bottom, it can drive the adjusting bolts 408 and the clamping seat 401 to form a threaded connection, which pushes the clamping 404. The movement of the two sets of clamping 404 toward the head end of the clamping seat 401 can form the clamping action of the specimen. When the bottom drive gear 604 rotates, it can also cooperate with the paired side helical gears 611 to form a transmission, so that the side helical gears 611 on the same side cooperate with the middle fixed gear 504 to drive the two sets of constant temperature covers 505 to form a closing action. After the bottom clamp 404 clamps the lower end of the specimen into place, the two sets of constant temperature covers 505 close into place and cover the outside of the two sets of clamps 401, forming a wrapping around the specimen clamped between the two sets of clamp assemblies 4. After the two sets of constant temperature hoods 505 are closed in place, the enclosing cavity formed by the clamping head assembly 4 is connected to the integrated cooling and heating machine 7. The pneumatic integrated cooling and heating machine 7 can then circulate cold or hot air into the cavity formed by the constant temperature hood 505 to simulate the tensile test of the specimen under different temperature conditions, which is more in line with the actual application environment and the influence of road surface temperature changes on the basalt fiber ultra-adhesive wear layer. After the inner cavity of the constant temperature cover 505 of the integrated heating and cooling machine 7 is formed with a certain temperature environment, the tensile device and tensile testing device installed in the top assembly of clamps 4 can be used to perform tensile testing on the specimen, realizing the accurate tensile test of Wuyan fiber super-adhesive wear layer under all climate temperature. Meanwhile, during the tensile test, the constant temperature cover 505 surrounding the specimen can protect the test process and prevent the splashes generated when the specimen breaks from causing injury to the equipment and operators.

[0015] The specific structures of the base component 1 and the vertical moving component 2 are as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, side frames 102 are fixed to both sides of the top of the base frame 101. Both the base frame 101 and the side frames 102 are frame structures. Protective covers 103 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the base frame 101 and the side frames 102 to form protection. Each set of side frame 102 has a pair of vertical guide rails 201 on its inner side. The vertical guide rails 201 are fixed to the side frame 102 through the guide rail seats 202 at both ends. Each set of side frame 102 has a screw screw seat 204 fixedly installed at both ends of the middle of its inner side. Screws 203 are screwed between the screw screw seats 204 on the same side. Screw motors 205 are fixedly installed at both ends of the inner side of the base frame 101. The bottom end of the screw 203 on the same side is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the screw motor 205, which can drive the screw 203 to form an automatic rotation action. Both ends of the vertical moving frame 206 are fixed with pairs of guide sliders 207. The guide sliders 207 on the same side slide with the vertical guide rail 201. The middle of both ends of the vertical moving frame 206 is also fixed with a screw slider 208. The screw slider 208 on the same side is connected with the screw 203. When the screw 203 rotates, the engagement formed with the screw slider 208 can drive the vertical moving frame 206 to move guided by the sliding engagement formed between the guide slider 207 and the vertical guide rail 201.

[0016] The specific structure of the clamping head assembly 4 is as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the trapezoidal groove 402 has a structure that tapers towards the head end of the clamp 401. The inner sides of both ends of the trapezoidal groove 402 are provided with wedge-shaped sliding grooves 403. Each set of clamps 404 has a wedge-shaped slider 405 fixed on its rear back. The wedge-shaped slider 405 on the same side slides into the wedge-shaped sliding groove 403 and will not separate. Within the stroke range of the clamp 404, the inner clamping surfaces of the two sets of paired clamps 404 are always parallel. Each set of chucks 404 has an adjustment groove 406 at its end. The inner slider 407 slides in contact with the paired adjustment grooves 406. Within the stroke range of the chuck 404, the inner slider 407 and the adjustment groove 406 will not separate. An inlaid nut 410 is fixedly installed at the top of the inner hole in the middle of the main body of the clamp 401. The adjusting bolt 408 is threadedly connected to the inlaid nut 410. An outer fixed shaft 411 is fixed at the middle of the end of the clamp 401. A hexagonal column 412 is fixedly connected to the end of the adjusting bolt 408, and the hexagonal column 412 extends out of the clamp 401 after passing through the outer fixed shaft 411. The end of the hexagonal column 412 is fixedly connected to a limit seat 413 to prevent the hexagonal column 412 and the adjusting bolt 408 from moving beyond their travel range; The clearance groove 409 is located at the end of the chuck 404 and communicates with the adjusting slide 406. It is used to eliminate the interference formed between the adjusting bolt 408 and the inner slider 407 and the chuck 404 during the engagement process.

[0017] The specific structure of the thermostatic cover assembly 5 is as follows: Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, on both sides of the side frame 102 at one end, there are pairs of fixed opening and closing rotating seats 501. One end of the rotating seat 502 is fixed to the outer wall of the thermostatic cover 505, and the other end is fixed to the opening and closing shaft 503. The two shaft ends of the opening and closing shaft 503 are respectively screwed into different opening and closing rotating seats 501. The central fixed gear 504 is fixed to the middle of the opening and closing shaft 503, which can form the rotating action of the components consisting of the opening and closing shaft 503, the rotating seat 502 and the thermostatic cover 505 with the opening and closing rotating seat 501 as the reference. The side wall of the protective cover 103 is provided with a notch to eliminate interference. Each set of constant temperature cover 505 has an inner magnetic pad 506 fixedly connected to its inner end. The inner magnetic pad 506 has not only a certain elasticity but also a certain magnetic force. After the two sets of constant temperature cover 505 form a closed action, the two sets of inner magnetic pads 506 are attracted by the elastic magnetic force to form a closed cavity. Furthermore, the middle contours of the upper and lower ends of the inner magnetic pad 506 match the outer contours of the clamp 401. As the two sets of constant temperature covers 505 close, the upper and lower ends of the inner magnetic pad 506 can fit and engage with the outer surface of the clamp 401. Moreover, since the inner magnetic pad 506 itself has a certain elasticity, it forms an elastic compression on the outside of the clamp 401, which will not interfere with the opening and closing of the inner magnetic pad 506 with the constant temperature cover 505. Furthermore, during the tensile test, the outer side of the clamp 401 in the top set of clamp assembly 4 is always closely fitted and locked between the two sets of inner magnetic pads 506 after the upper end is closed, so that the movement of the top set of clamps 401 during the tensile test will not affect the sealing of the two sets of constant temperature covers 505 that are closed in place.

[0018] The specific structure of the bottom drive component 6 is as follows: Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the bottom drive assembly 6 can drive the clamping action of the bottom set of chuck assemblies 4, and also drive the opening and closing action of the thermostatic cover 505. The bottom helical gear 601 is screwed to a set of outer fixed shafts 411 at the bottom and will not disengage. The bottom hexagonal seat 602 is coaxially fixed to the bottom end of the bottom helical gear 601. A set of hexagonal columns 412 at the bottom passes through the outer fixed shafts 411 and slides into the bottom hexagonal seat 602. As the bottom helical gear 601 rotates, the sliding engagement between the bottom helical gear 601 and the hexagonal column 412 can drive the rotation of the hexagonal column 412 and also form a threaded connection between the adjusting bolt 408 and the inner nut 410, thereby forming the clamping action of the bottom chuck 404. A bottom drive motor 603 is fixedly installed inside the base frame 101, and a bottom drive gear 604 is inserted into the rotating shaft of the bottom drive motor 603, which can drive the bottom drive gear 604 to rotate automatically. On one side of the frame 102, both sides of the lower end of the frame are equipped with transmission seats 605. Each set of transmission seats 605 is screwed with a transmission shaft 606. A transmission gear 607 is inserted into the top of the transmission shaft 606, and the transmission gear 607 on the same side meshes with the middle fixed gear 504. A transmission toothed pulley 608 is inserted into the bottom end of the transmission shaft 606. Inside the frame 101, a pair of side seats 609 are fixedly installed. Each set of side seats 609 is screwed with a side rotating shaft 610. A side rotating gear 611 is inserted into different side rotating shafts 610. Each set of side rotating shafts 610 is also equipped with a side rotating toothed pulley 612. A toothed belt 613 is sleeved between the side rotating toothed pulley 612 on the same side and the transmission toothed pulley 608. This allows the bottom drive gear 604 to rotate, driving the adjusting bolt 408 to engage with the inlaid nut 410 to form a clamping action of the bottom assembly of the chuck 4. At the same time, it can also drive the two sets of side helical toothed pulleys 612 to rotate in opposite directions. The side helical toothed pulleys 612 on the same side engage with the transmission toothed pulley 608 through the toothed belt 613, which can drive the two sets of transmission gears 607 to rotate in opposite directions. In turn, it can drive the two sets of middle fixed gears 504 to rotate in opposite directions, so that when the bottom drive gear 604 rotates, the two sets of constant temperature covers 505 open and close synchronously. Furthermore, since the thread direction of the adjusting bolt 408 is divided into left-hand and right-hand, the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation direction of the bottom gear 601 can be set independently to the clamping direction that pushes the chuck 404 to move towards the head end of the chuck 401. Therefore, the positive and negative matching of the rotation direction of the bottom gear 601 and the rotation direction of the middle gear 504 does not need to be considered.

[0019] The specific structure of tensile test component 3 is as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the main body of the tension hydraulic cylinder 301 is fixedly connected to the middle of the vertical moving frame 206 and connected to the external hydraulic control system. A gantry frame 303 is fixedly connected to the end of a set of clamps 401 at the top, and the outer contour of the gantry frame 303 is consistent with the outer contour of the clamps 401. The tension sensor 302 is installed and fixed between the bottom end of the telescopic rod of the tension hydraulic cylinder 301 and the top end of the gantry frame 303, and is used to convert the physical tension signal into a measurable electrical signal. The upper helical gear 304 is spun to a set of external fixed shafts 411 at the top and will not detach. The upper hexagonal seat 305 is coaxially fixed to the top of the upper helical gear 304. A set of hexagonal columns 412 at the top passes through the external fixed shafts 411 and slides with the upper hexagonal seat 305. The inner side of the portal frame 303 is fixedly installed with an upper locking motor 306. An upper locking gear 307 is inserted in the shaft of the upper locking motor 306 and meshes with the upper helical gear 304. As the upper locking motor 306 drives the upper locking gear 307 to rotate, the upper locking gear 307 and the upper rotating gear 304 form a transmission. The upper hexagonal seat 305 and the hexagonal column 412 form a sliding fit, which can not only drive the rotation of the hexagonal column 412, but also form a threaded connection between the adjusting bolt 408 and the inner nut 410, thereby forming the clamping action of the top chuck 404. The purpose of the vertical shift frame 206 being able to move automatically vertically is to adjust and move the tensile test component 3 and the top set of clamp components 4 by driving the vertical shift frame 206. After the vertical shift frame 206 stops at a certain vertical position, it can cooperate with the two sets of clamp components 4 to clamp the two ends of the specimen. The movement formed by the extension rod of the tensile hydraulic cylinder 301 and the monitoring of the tensile force of the extension rod of the tensile hydraulic cylinder 301 by the tensile sensor 302 form a tensile test on the specimen. Furthermore, after the top set of clamping components 4 clamps the specimen, before the two sets of constant temperature covers 505 are closed, the top set of clamping components 4 has moved to a position where the outer side of the clamping seat 401 is directly opposite the middle contour of the upper end of the inner magnetic pad 506, so that after the two sets of constant temperature covers 505 are closed in place, the inner magnetic pad 506 can form a closed space for the specimen between the two sets of clamping seats 401.

[0020] The specific structure of the integrated cooling and heating unit 7 is as follows: Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, the centrifugal fan 704, heating module 701, intermediate cover 702 and cooling module 703 are connected from bottom to top to form a component that is fixed to the inner side of the side frame 102 at the other end. The outer top of the top adapter cover 705 is fixed to the bottom of the vertical moving frame 206. The bottom adapter cover 706 is fixed inside the bottom frame 101. Corrugated hoses 707 are connected between the top outlet of the cooling module 703 and the side inlet of the top adapter cover 705, and between the inlet of the centrifugal fan 704 and the side outlet of the bottom adapter cover 706. A through hole is provided in the protective cover 103 for passing through the integrated heating and cooling unit 7 of the base component 10. The 707 corrugated hose is made of high-temperature resistant ETFE material, with an operating temperature of -80℃ to 200℃, which can meet the temperature variation requirements of the test. Each set of thermostatic covers 505 has a top insertion tube 708 fixed at the top and a bottom insertion tube 709 fixed at the bottom. The top adapter cover 705 has a top flared sleeve 710 connected to both sides of its side walls, and the bottom adapter cover 706 has a bottom flared sleeve 711 connected to both sides of its side walls. Both the top flared sleeve 710 and the bottom flared sleeve 711 are silicone flared structures, which allows the top insertion tube 708 to be inserted into the top flared sleeve 710 and the bottom insertion tube 709 to be inserted into the bottom flared sleeve 711 during the closing process of the two sets of thermostatic covers 505, thus forming a connection between the inner cavity of the closed thermostatic cover 505 and the integrated heating and cooling unit 7. Furthermore, the arc path of the insertion pipe 708 and the insertion pipe 710 at the upper end of the thermostatic cover 505 is concentric with the opening and closing shaft 503, and the arc path of the insertion pipe 709 and the insertion pipe 711 at the lower end of the thermostatic cover 505 is concentric with the opening and closing shaft 503. This ensures that during the opening and closing of the thermostatic cover 505, the top flared sleeve 710 is always located on the moving path of the top insertion pipe 708, and the bottom flared sleeve 711 is always located on the moving path of the bottom insertion pipe 709, thus ensuring precise docking of the insertion fit. The heating module 701 and the cooling module 703 are used for heating and cooling respectively. After the centrifugal fan 704 is started, it can circulate hot or cold air into the closed space formed by the constant temperature cover 505 to simulate different temperature environments.

[0021] Example 2: In another embodiment, the present invention also provides a pneumatic locking pin 8 between the intermediate cover 702 and the constant temperature cover 505, which can improve the safety of the constant temperature cover 505 closing after the centrifugal fan 704 is started when the constant temperature cover 505 is closed.

[0022] The specific structure of the pneumatic locking pin 8 is as follows: Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, an inner tube 712 is connected between the inner bottom of the intermediate cover 702 and the top outlet of the heating module 701. The outer lock seat 801 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the constant temperature cover 505 near the intermediate cover 702. Pneumatic rotating seats 804 are installed and fixed on both sides of the cavity wall of the intermediate cover 702. The pneumatic flap 802 is screwed to the pneumatic rotating seat 804 through the pneumatic rotating shaft 805. A pair of annular columns 803 are fixed to one side of the pneumatic flap 802, and the center of the annular column 803 is concentric with the pneumatic rotating seat 804. A torsion spring 806 is sleeved on the outer shaft end of the pneumatic rotary shaft 805. Fixed brackets 807 are fixed on both lower ends of the cavity wall of the intermediate cover 702. A movable bracket 808 is fixed on the outer shaft end of the pneumatic rotary shaft 805. One end of the torsion spring 806 is fixed to the fixed bracket 807, and the other end is fixed to the movable bracket 808. Under the action of the elastic force of the torsion spring 806, the pneumatic flap 802 can be in the state of sealing the inner tube 712 when there is no external force. When the centrifugal fan 704 stops, the pneumatic flap 802 can close the inner tube 712 under the action of the elastic force of the torsion spring 806, forming a physical barrier to isolate the natural air exchange between the heating module 701 and the cooling module 703, and avoid energy loss and temperature fluctuations that may be caused by spontaneous mixing of hot and cold gases. An annular rotating seat 809 is fixedly installed in the cavity wall of the intermediate cover 702 near the thermostatic cover 505. The annular column 803 is sealed and screwed into the annular rotating seat 809. A locking seat 810 is also fixed at the bottom end of the cavity wall of the intermediate cover 702 near the thermostatic cover 505. This allows the gas blowing after the centrifugal fan 704 is started to push the pneumatic flap 802 upward and overcome the elastic force of the torsion spring 806 to push out the annular column 803. At this time, the thermostatic cover 505 is in a closed state during the test. After the annular column 803 is pushed out, it can pass through the pneumatic flap 802 and be inserted into the locking seat 810, forming another safety lock on the contact position of the openings of the two thermostatic covers 505, improving the safety of the thermostatic cover 505 closure.

[0023] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber, comprising a base component (1) and a clamping head assembly (4), characterized in that: It also includes a constant temperature cover assembly (5), a bottom drive assembly (6), and a combined heating and cooling unit (7). The clamp assembly (4) includes a clamp seat (401) and a trapezoidal groove (402). The clamp assemblies (4) are arranged in pairs inside the base member (1). The clamp seat (401) in one of the clamp assemblies (4) at the bottom is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the base member (1). The inner side of the trapezoidal groove (402) opened at the head end of the clamp seat (401) is slidably connected to a pair of clamps (404). The ends of the two sets of clamps (404) are slidably connected to an inner slider (407). An adjusting bolt (408) is connected in the main body of the clamp seat (401). The head end of the adjusting bolt (408) is screwed to the inner slider (407). The thermostatic cover assembly (5) includes a central fixed gear (504), and the bottom drive assembly (6) includes a bottom helical gear (601). A thermostatic cover (505) is screwed onto both sides of one end of the base component (1). The central fixed gear (504) is fixed to the rotating shaft of the thermostatic cover (505). The bottom helical gear (601) is screwed onto the bottom end of a set of clamps (401) at the bottom and slides against the end of a set of adjusting bolts (408) at the bottom. A rotatable bottom drive gear (604) is provided at the inner bottom of the base component (1). The bottom drive gear (604) meshes with the bottom helical gear (601). The base component (1)... The bottom is fitted with a pair of side-helical gears (611). One set of side-helical gears (611) meshes with the bottom drive gear (604). The side-helical gears (611) on the same side are connected to the central fixed gear (504) for transmission. When the bottom drive gear (604) rotates and the bottom helical gear (601) drives the adjusting bolt (408) to rotate, the engagement between the bottom drive gear (604) and the side-helical gear (611) can also drive the thermostatic cover (505) to close. Only after the two sets of thermostatic covers (505) are closed can the inner cavity of the thermostatic cover (505) be connected to the integrated heating and cooling machine (7).

2. The tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base component (1) includes a base frame (101), and side frames (102) are fixed on both sides of the top of the base frame (101).

3. The tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamp assembly (4) also includes a clearance groove (409) and a hexagonal column (412). The inner surfaces of both ends of the trapezoidal groove (402) are provided with wedge-shaped sliding grooves (403). Each set of clamps (404) has a wedge-shaped slider (405) fixed on its rear back. The wedge-shaped sliders (405) on the same side slide with the wedge-shaped sliding grooves (403). Each set of clamps (404) has an adjustment groove (406) at its end. The inner slider (407) slides with the paired adjustment grooves (406). An inlaid nut (410) is fixedly installed at the top of the inner hole in the middle of the main body of the clamp (401). The adjusting bolt (408) is threadedly connected to the inlaid nut (410). An outer fixed shaft (411) is fixed at the middle of the end of the clamp (401). A hexagonal column (412) is fixedly connected to the end of the adjusting bolt (408). The hexagonal column (412) passes through the outer fixed shaft (411) and extends to the outside of the clamp (401). A clearance groove (409) is opened at the end of the chuck (404).

4. A tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The thermostatic cover assembly (5) also includes a rotating frame (502) and an opening and closing shaft (503). On both sides of the side frame (102) on the top side of the base frame (101), a pair of opening and closing rotating seats (501) are fixedly installed. One end of the rotating frame (502) is fixed to the outer wall of the thermostatic cover (505), and the other end is fixed to the opening and closing shaft (503). The two shaft ends of the opening and closing shaft (503) are respectively screwed into different opening and closing rotating seats (501). The central fixed gear (504) is fixedly connected to the middle of the opening and closing shaft (503). The inner end of each thermostatic cover (505) is fixedly connected to an inner magnetic pad (506).

5. A tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom drive assembly (6) also includes a bottom hexagonal base (602), a transmission hub (605), a transmission gear (607), and a transmission toothed pulley (608). The bottom helical gear (601) is screwed to a set of external fixed shafts (411) at the bottom. The bottom hexagonal base (602) is fixed to the bottom end of the bottom hexagonal gear (601). A set of hexagonal columns (412) at the bottom passes through the external fixed shafts (411) and is slidably connected to the bottom hexagonal base (602). The bottom drive motor (603) is fixedly installed inside the bottom frame (101). The bottom drive gear (604) is inserted into the shaft of the bottom drive motor (603). Transmission hubs (605) are fixedly installed on both sides of the lower end of the frame of one side frame (102). Each set of transmission hubs (605) is screwed with a transmission shaft (606), and a transmission gear (607) is inserted into the top of the transmission shaft (606). The transmission gear (607) on the same side meshes with the middle fixed gear (504). The transmission toothed pulley (608) is inserted into the bottom of the transmission shaft (606). The base frame (101) is also equipped with pairs of side rotating seats (609). Each set of side rotating seats (609) is screwed with a side rotating shaft (610). The side rotating gear (611) is inserted into different side rotating shafts (610). Each set of side rotating shafts (610) is also equipped with a side rotating toothed pulley (612). The side rotating toothed pulley (612) on the same side and the transmission toothed pulley (608) are fitted with a toothed belt (613).

6. A tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that: A vertical moving component (2) is also installed on the upper inner end of the base component (1). The vertical moving component (2) includes a guide rail seat (202) and a vertical moving frame (206). Each set of side frames (102) has a pair of vertical guide rails (201) on its inner side. The vertical guide rails (201) are fixed to the side frames (102) through the guide rail seats (202) at both ends. Each set of side frames (102) has a screw screw seat (204) fixedly installed at both ends of the middle inner side. Screws are screwed between the screw screw seats (204) on the same side. 203), both ends of the base frame (101) are equipped with screw motors (205), the bottom end of the screw (203) on the same side is fixed to the shaft of the screw motor (205), both ends of the vertical moving frame (206) are fixed with guide sliders (207), the guide sliders (207) on the same side are slidably connected to the vertical guide rail (201), and screw sliders (208) are also fixed in the middle of both ends of the vertical moving frame (206), the screw sliders (208) on the same side are connected to the screw (203).

7. A tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vertical moving frame (206) is also equipped with a tensile testing assembly (3), which includes a tensile hydraulic cylinder (301), a tensile sensor (302), an upper helical gear (304), and an upper hexagonal seat (305). The main body of the tensile hydraulic cylinder (301) is fixedly connected to the middle of the vertical moving frame (206), and a portal frame (303) is fixedly connected to the end of a set of clamps (401) at the top. The tensile sensor (302) is installed and fixed at the bottom of the telescopic rod of the tensile hydraulic cylinder (301) and the portal frame (303). Between the top of the upper gear (304), the upper hexagonal seat (305) is screwed to a set of outer fixed shafts (411) at the top. The upper hexagonal seat (305) is fixed to the top of the upper gear (304). A set of hexagonal columns (412) at the top passes through the outer fixed shafts (411) and slides with the upper hexagonal seat (305). The inner side of the portal frame (303) is fixedly installed with an upper locking motor (306). The upper locking gear (307) is inserted in the shaft of the upper locking motor (306), and the upper locking gear (307) meshes with the upper gear (304).

8. A tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber according to claim 6, characterized in that: The integrated heating and cooling unit (7) includes a heating module (701), a central junction box (702), a cooling module (703), a centrifugal fan (704), and a top adapter (705). The components consisting of the centrifugal fan (704), the heating module (701), the central junction box (702), and the cooling module (703) are fixed to the inner side of the side frame (102) at the other end. The outer top of the top adapter (705) is fixed to the bottom of the vertical moving frame (206). The bottom adapter (706) is fixed inside the bottom frame (101). Corrugated hoses (707) are connected between the top outlet of the refrigeration module (703) and the side inlet of the top adapter (705), and between the inlet of the centrifugal fan (704) and the side outlet of the bottom adapter (706). Each set of constant temperature covers (505) has a top insertion pipe (708) fixed at the top and a bottom insertion pipe (709) fixed at the bottom. Top flared sleeves (710) are connected to the two side walls of the top adapter (705), and bottom flared sleeves (711) are connected to the two side walls of the bottom adapter (706).

9. A tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber according to claim 8, characterized in that: An inner tube (712) is also connected between the inner bottom of the central cover (702) and the top outlet of the heating module (701).

10. A tensile testing machine for testing the ultra-adhesive wear layer of basalt fiber according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: A pneumatic locking pin (8) is also provided between the intermediate cover (702) and the constant temperature cover (505). The pneumatic locking pin (8) includes an outer locking seat (801), a pneumatic flap (802), an annular column (803), and a pneumatic rotating shaft (805). The outer locking seat (801) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the constant temperature cover (505). Pneumatic rotating seats (804) are installed and fixed on both sides of the cavity wall of the intermediate cover (702). The pneumatic flap (802) is screwed to the pneumatic rotating seat (804) through the pneumatic rotating shaft (805). The pair of annular columns (803) are fixed to one side of the pneumatic flap (802). The outer locking pin (805) is fixed to the outer wall of the pneumatic rotating shaft (805). A torsion spring (806) is sleeved on the shaft end. Fixed brackets (807) are fixed on both lower ends of the cavity wall of the intermediate cover (702). A movable bracket (808) is fixed on the outer shaft end of the pneumatic rotary shaft (805). One end of the torsion spring (806) is fixed to the fixed bracket (807), and the other end is fixed to the movable bracket (808). An annular rotating seat (809) is fixedly installed in the cavity wall of the intermediate cover (702) near the thermostatic cover (505). An annular column (803) is sealed and screwed into the annular rotating seat (809). A locking seat (810) is also fixed at the bottom end of the cavity wall of the intermediate cover (702) near the thermostatic cover (505).

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