A safety control device and method for a heat exchanger of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of energy storage systems, and particularly relates to a safety control device and method for a heat exchanger of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station. In the safety control device for the heat exchanger of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, the salt mist concentration of compressed air at a first opening is monitored in real time by a sensor group. When the salt mist concentration of compressed air at the first opening reaches or exceeds a set value, the sensor group sends a start signal to a control system, and the control system starts a purging device. The gas outlet end of the purging device timely purges the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange pipe, blows away the salt mist deposited on the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange pipe, avoids the corrosion of the shell and the heat exchange pipe caused by the deposition of salt mist, reduces the corrosion risk of the heat exchanger, and does not need to be stopped for cleaning and does not need to optimize the material of the heat exchanger to avoid a large amount of energy loss and effectively control the construction cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of energy storage systems, and particularly relates to a safety control device and method for a heat exchanger of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station. BACKGROUND

[0002] The salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station is a new type of energy storage facility that stores compressed air in underground salt caverns and realizes power peak shaving through energy conversion. The heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station is operated for a long time under the working condition shared by the gas storage and gas use. That is, during the gas storage process, the compressor is driven by the surplus electric power to compress the normal pressure air into high-temperature compressed air. The high-temperature compressed air enters the shell of the heat exchanger from the outside, exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger, and makes the temperature of the compressed air decrease and enter the salt cavern. During the gas use process, the compressed air enters the shell from the salt cavern, exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tube, and makes the temperature of the compressed air increase. When passing through the turbine expander, the high-temperature expanded gas drives the turbine expander to rotate at high speed to drive the generator to work.

[0003] During the gas use process, the compressed air discharged from the salt cavern carries a small amount of salt mist. When passing through the shell, the salt mist will deposit on the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube. Although the salt content in the salt mist is low, long-term deposition will still cause corrosion of the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube.

[0004] In the prior art, the solutions to the corrosion problem of the heat exchanger are mainly focused on the optimization of the heat exchanger material or the regular cleaning of the heat exchanger. However, the optimization of the heat exchanger material will greatly increase the construction cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, and the heat exchanger needs to be shut down for a long time when cleaning, which will cause a large amount of energy (surplus electric power) loss. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that has low construction cost and can reduce the amount of deposited salt mist in the heat exchanger in real time and actively to reduce the risk of corrosion of the heat exchanger. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a safety control device and method for a heat exchanger of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station to solve the technical problem that the means for overcoming the corrosion problem of the heat exchanger in the prior art will greatly increase the construction cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station or cause a large amount of energy loss.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present application realizes the following technical scheme:

[0007] A safety control device for a heat exchanger of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, comprising a control system and a purging device.

[0008] The heat exchanger comprises a shell and a heat exchange pipe, the shell is provided with a first opening, the heat exchange pipe is arranged in the shell, and two ends of the heat exchange pipe extend out of the shell, the first opening is communicated with the salt cave, a sensor group for monitoring the salt mist concentration in the compressed air is arranged at the first opening, and the gas outlet end of the blowing device is arranged in the shell;

[0009] The sensor group and the blowing device are signal connected with the control system; when the sensor group monitors that the salt mist concentration in the compressed air reaches the set value, a starting signal is sent to the control system, the blowing device is started by the control system, and the gas outlet end of the blowing device blows the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange pipe.

[0010] In order to better realize the present application, further optimization is made in the above structure, and the safety control device further comprises an electric adsorption salt mist removal device;

[0011] The first opening is communicated with the salt cave through the electric adsorption salt mist removal device, and the electric adsorption salt mist removal device is signal connected with the control system.

[0012] In order to better realize the present application, further optimization is made in the above structure, and the safety control device further comprises a primary compressor and a secondary compressor;

[0013] The shell is further provided with a second opening, the gas outlet end of the primary compressor is communicated with the second opening, the gas inlet end of the secondary compressor is communicated with the first opening, and the gas outlet end of the secondary compressor is communicated to the salt cave;

[0014] The sensor group comprises a salt mist concentration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a pressure sensor, the salt mist concentration sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are signal connected with the control system, the salt mist concentration sensor is used for monitoring the salt mist concentration in the compressed air, and the temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively used for acquiring information of the compressed air at the first opening; the information comprises temperature, relative humidity and pressure;

[0015] The heat exchanger further comprises a circulating system, two ends of the circulating system are respectively communicated with two ends of the heat exchange pipe, and the circulating system is signal connected with the control system;

[0016] The temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor transmit the acquired information to the control system, the control system calculates the water dew point temperature at the first opening through the relative humidity and the pressure in the information, compares the obtained water dew point temperature with the temperature of the compressed air in the information, and adjusts the power of the circulating system to ensure that the temperature of the compressed air at the first opening is always higher than the water dew point temperature.

[0017] In order to better realize the present application, further optimization is made in the above structure, and the safety control device further comprises a first air guide pipe, a second air guide pipe, a first air outlet pipe and a second air outlet pipe;

[0018] The air outlet end of the first-stage compressor is communicated with the second opening through a first air guide pipe, and a first on-off valve is arranged on the first air guide pipe to switch the communication state of the air outlet end of the first-stage compressor with the second opening; the air inlet end of the first air outlet pipe is communicated with the first air guide pipe, the first on-off valve is located between the air outlet end of the first air outlet pipe and the first-stage compressor, and a second on-off valve is arranged on the first air outlet pipe to switch the communication state of the air outlet end of the first air outlet pipe with the first air guide pipe;

[0019] The first opening is communicated with the air inlet end of the second-stage compressor through a second air guide pipe, and a third on-off valve is arranged on the second air guide pipe to switch the communication state of the first opening with the air inlet end of the second-stage compressor; the air outlet end of the second air outlet pipe is communicated with the second air guide pipe, the third on-off valve is located between the air outlet end of the second air outlet pipe and the second-stage compressor, the air inlet end of the second air outlet pipe is communicated with the salt cavern, and a fourth on-off valve is arranged on the second air outlet pipe to switch the communication state of the salt cavern with the second air guide pipe.

[0020] In order to better realize the present application, the first on-off valve, the second on-off valve, the third on-off valve and the fourth on-off valve are all solenoid valves, and the first on-off valve, the second on-off valve, the third on-off valve and the fourth on-off valve are all signal-connected with the control system.

[0021] In order to better realize the present application, the air outlet end of the first air outlet pipe is provided with a turbo expander, and the rotating shaft of the turbo expander is drivingly connected with a generator.

[0022] A safety control method of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger, the safety control method is implemented by the safety control device of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger, and comprises the following steps:

[0023] The compressed air in the salt cavern enters the shell of the heat exchanger through a first opening, and a sensor group monitors the salt mist concentration in the compressed air at the first opening in real time;

[0024] When the salt mist concentration in the compressed air at the first opening reaches or exceeds a set value, the sensor group sends a starting signal to the control system, and the control system starts the purging device to make the air outlet end of the purging device purging the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange pipe.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The safety control device for the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger provided by this invention uses a sensor group to monitor the salt mist concentration of the compressed air at the first opening in real time. When the salt mist concentration in the compressed air at the first opening reaches or exceeds a set value, the sensor group sends a start signal to the control system, which then activates the purging device. This allows the outlet of the purging device to promptly purge the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tubes, removing the salt mist deposited on these surfaces. This prevents corrosion of the shell and heat exchange tubes due to salt mist deposition, thereby reducing the risk of heat exchanger corrosion. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for shutdown cleaning and material optimization of the heat exchanger, thus avoiding significant energy loss and effectively controlling the construction cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the safety control device for a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger under gas storage conditions.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the safety control device for a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger under gas usage conditions.

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 1. Single-stage compressor;

[0032] 2. Two-stage compressor;

[0033] 3. Heat exchanger; 31. Shell; 32. Heat exchange tubes;

[0034] 4. Sensor array;

[0035] 51. First air inlet tube; 52. Second air inlet tube; 53. First air outlet tube; 54. Second air outlet tube;

[0036] 61. First on / off valve; 62. Second on / off valve; 63. Third on / off valve; 64. Fourth on / off valve;

[0037] 7. Purging device;

[0038] 8. Electro-adsorption desalination device;

[0039] 9. Turbine expander;

[0040] 10. Salt cave. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the safety control device of the heat exchanger in this salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station includes a control system and a purging device 7; wherein,

[0045] The heat exchanger 3 includes a shell 31 and a heat exchange tube 32. The shell 31 is provided with a first opening. The heat exchange tube 32 is disposed inside the shell 31, and both ends of the heat exchange tube 32 extend out of the shell 31. The heat exchanger 3 is a heat exchanger for both gas storage and gas use mentioned in the background art. The first opening is connected to the salt cavern 10. A sensor group 4 for monitoring the salt spray concentration in the compressed air is provided at the first opening. The outlet of the purging device 7 is disposed in the shell 31.

[0046] Both sensor group 4 and purging device 7 are connected to the control system signal.

[0047] See Figure 2When the gas is in use, the operator can open the first opening, and the compressed air stored in the salt cavern 10 enters the housing 31 through the first opening; at the same time as the compressed air passes through the first opening, the sensor group 4 will monitor the salt mist concentration in the compressed air passing through the first opening in real time.

[0048] When sensor group 4 detects that the salt spray concentration in the compressed air reaches or exceeds the set value, sensor group 4 will send a start signal to the control system.

[0049] When the control system receives the start signal, it will start the purging device 7, so that the outlet end of the purging device 7 will purge the inner surface of the shell 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32, and disperse the salt mist deposited on the inner surface of the shell 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32, so as to avoid the corrosion of the shell 31 and the heat exchange tube 32 due to the deposition of salt mist, and improve the service life of the heat exchanger 3.

[0050] The method of blowing away deposited salt mist by the purging device 7 eliminates the need to shut down and clean the heat exchanger 3, and also eliminates the need to optimize the material of the heat exchanger 3, thereby avoiding a large amount of energy loss and effectively controlling the construction cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station.

[0051] The dispersed salt mist mixes with the compressed air inside the housing 31. During the gas storage operation, this salt mist can enter the salt cavern 10 with the compressed air. During the gas usage operation, this salt mist will be discharged outward with the compressed air.

[0052] Furthermore, this safety control device can be applied to existing salt cavern compressed air energy storage power stations. That is, a purging device 7 and a control system can be added to the heat exchanger (heat exchanger 3) of the existing salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station without reconstruction, so that the applicability of the safety control device is wider.

[0053] It should be noted that the above-mentioned purging device includes compressed nitrogen as a medium, and the pulse frequency is 10-50Hz. That is, the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32 are purged intermittently by compressed nitrogen to better achieve the purging of salt spray.

[0054] Preferably, the safety control device further includes an electro-adsorption desalination device 8, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 ;in,

[0055] The first opening is connected to the salt cave 10 through the electro-adsorption desalination device 8, and the electro-adsorption desalination device 8 is connected to the control system signal.

[0056] When the gas is in use, the operator can open the first opening, and the compressed air stored in the salt cavern 10 can enter the housing 31 after passing through the electro-adsorption desalination device 8. The electro-adsorption desalination device 8 adsorbs a large amount of salt mist in the compressed air, reducing the amount of salt mist entering the housing 31, thereby further reducing the occurrence of corrosion of the housing 31 and heat exchange tube 32 due to salt mist deposition.

[0057] It should be noted that the electro-adsorption desalination device 8 uses a double electric layer formed on the electrode surface to adsorb salt ions, and the desalination rate can reach more than 90%, which can significantly reduce the salt mist entering the housing 31.

[0058] In some embodiments, the safety control device further includes a primary compressor 1 and a secondary compressor 2, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 ;in,

[0059] The housing 31 is also provided with a second opening, the outlet of the first-stage compressor 1 is connected to the second opening, the inlet of the second-stage compressor 2 is connected to the first opening, and the outlet of the second-stage compressor 2 is connected to the salt cave 10.

[0060] The aforementioned sensor group 4 includes a salt spray concentration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor. The salt spray concentration sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and pressure sensor are all connected to the control system signal. The salt spray concentration sensor is used to monitor the salt spray concentration in the compressed air to obtain information on the salt spray concentration in the compressed air at the first opening. The temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are used to obtain information on the temperature, relative humidity, and pressure of the gas at the first opening, respectively.

[0061] The heat exchanger 3 mentioned above also includes a circulation system. The two ends of the circulation system are respectively connected to the heat exchange tube 32. The circulation system is connected to the control system signal. The circulation system is used to input the heat exchange medium into the heat exchange tube 32.

[0062] The temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors transmit the acquired information to the control system. The control system calculates the water dew point temperature at the first opening based on the relative humidity and pressure in the information, and compares the obtained water dew point temperature with the temperature of the compressed air in the information to adjust the power of the circulation system, that is, to control the temperature of the compressed air at the first opening, so as to ensure that the temperature of the compressed air at the first opening is always higher than the water dew point temperature, so as to avoid water vapor condensation at the first opening, which would lead to accelerated corrosion.

[0063] It should be noted that the control system mentioned above is a PID control system, which is a control system that controls the error generated by comparing the real-time data of the controlled object with the given value using the proportional, integral, and derivative functions. It is a technologically mature and widely used control system, and is widely applied in industrial process control.

[0064] The PID control system can compare the values ​​detected by the salt spray concentration sensor with the set values ​​in real time. It can also calculate the water dew point temperature based on the monitored relative humidity and pressure information, and compare the calculated water dew point temperature with the monitored temperature to control the purging device 7 and the circulation system.

[0065] See Figure 1 In the gas storage condition, the first-stage compressor 1 compresses the outside air to form compressed air. At this time, the temperature of the compressed air will rise significantly, and the compressed air will be delivered to the shell 31 of the heat exchanger 3. After the compressed air enters the shell 31, the compressed air can exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tube 32, thereby reducing the temperature of the compressed air.

[0066] However, in order to avoid water vapor condensation at the first opening, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature of the compressed gas at the first opening is always higher than the water dew point temperature.

[0067] When the temperature of the compressed gas at the first opening, as detected by the temperature and humidity sensor, is lower than the water dew point temperature calculated by the control system, the control system will reduce the power of the circulation system, thereby reducing the flow rate of the cooling medium and lowering the heat exchange efficiency, so that the temperature of the compressed gas is higher than the water dew point temperature.

[0068] See Figure 2 Under gas usage conditions, compressed air from the salt cavern enters heat exchanger 3, and at the same time, the salt mist concentration in the compressed gas is detected by a salt mist concentration sensor.

[0069] When the salt mist concentration in the compressed gas exceeds the set value, the control system will control the purging device 7 to start, blowing air onto the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32 to disperse the salt mist deposited on the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32. This can prevent the salt mist in the compressed gas from depositing on the inner surface of the purging housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32.

[0070] It is worth noting that the above-mentioned water dew point temperature is calculated using the following formula:

[0071] T=3876.659 / (16.37379-ln(P×100))-229.73;

[0072] Where P is the partial pressure of water vapor, and ln is the natural logarithm.

[0073] Preferably, controlling the temperature of the compressed gas at the first opening to a safety margin of 3-5°C above the water dew point temperature can effectively prevent water vapor condensation at the first opening and recover as much heat carried by the compressed gas as possible, thereby effectively improving the energy storage effect of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station.

[0074] In some embodiments, the safety control device further includes a first air guide tube 51, a second air guide tube 52, a first air outlet tube 53, and a second air outlet tube 54, see below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 ;in,

[0075] The outlet of the first-stage compressor 1 is connected to the second opening through the first air guide pipe 51. The first air guide pipe 51 is provided with a first on / off valve 61 for switching the state of connection between the outlet of the first-stage compressor 1 and the second opening. The inlet of the first outlet pipe 53 is connected to the first air guide pipe 51. The first on / off valve 61 is located between the outlet of the first outlet pipe 53 and the first-stage compressor 1. The first outlet pipe 53 is provided with a second on / off valve 62 for switching the state of connection between the outlet of the first outlet pipe 53 and the first air guide pipe 51.

[0076] The first opening is connected to the inlet of the secondary compressor 2 via the second air guide pipe 52. A third on / off valve 63 is provided on the second air guide pipe 52 to switch the connection between the first opening and the inlet of the secondary compressor 2. The outlet of the second air outlet pipe 54 is connected to the second air guide pipe 52. The third on / off valve 63 is located between the outlet of the second air outlet pipe 54 and the secondary compressor 2. The inlet of the second air outlet pipe 54 is connected to the salt cavern 10. A fourth on / off valve 64 is provided on the second air outlet pipe 54 to switch the connection between the salt cavern 10 and the second air guide pipe 52.

[0077] See Figure 1 In the gas storage condition, the first opening and closing valve 61 and the third opening and closing valve 63 are open, and the second opening and closing valve 62 and the fourth opening and closing valve 64 are closed; the outside air is compressed by the first stage compressor 1 and enters the housing 31, and then is discharged from the first outlet on the housing 31. After being compressed by the second stage compressor 2, it enters the salt cavern for storage.

[0078] See Figure 2 When in use, the second on / off valve 62 and the fourth on / off valve 64 are open, and the first on / off valve 61 and the third on / off valve 63 are closed. The compressed air in the salt cavern enters the housing 31 through the second air outlet pipe 54, and after passing through the housing 31, it is delivered to the air-consuming end through the first air outlet pipe 53.

[0079] Preferably, the first on / off valve 61, the second on / off valve 62, the third on / off valve 63 and the fourth on / off valve 64 mentioned above are all solenoid valves;

[0080] The first opening and closing valve 61, the second opening and closing valve 62, the third opening and closing valve 63, and the fourth opening and closing valve 64 are all connected to the control system signal. The control system controls the opening and closing of the first opening and closing valve 61, the second opening and closing valve 62, the third opening and closing valve 63, and / or the fourth opening and closing valve 64 to make the use of the safety control device more convenient.

[0081] In some embodiments, the outlet end of the first outlet pipe 53 is provided with a turbine expander 9, and the turbine expander 9 is connected to the generator drive.

[0082] Under gas usage conditions, the compressed air in the salt cavern enters the shell 31 through the second outlet pipe 54. At this time, the circulation system can send the heat exchange medium with heat energy into the heat exchange tube 32 to exchange heat with the compressed air in the shell 31, thereby raising the temperature of the compressed air.

[0083] Subsequently, the compressed air, after its temperature rises, passes through the first outlet pipe 53 and then through the turbine expander 9. As it passes through the turbine expander 9, the compressed air converts the heat energy it carries into mechanical energy, thereby driving the generator to rotate and generate electricity.

[0084] Based on the aforementioned safety control device for the heat exchanger of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, this embodiment provides a safety control method for the heat exchanger of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2 The safety control method includes the following steps:

[0085] Compressed gas in salt cavern 10 enters housing 31 through the first opening, and sensor group 4 detects the salt mist concentration in compressed air at the first opening in real time.

[0086] When the salt mist concentration in the compressed air at the first opening reaches the set value, the sensor group 4 will send a start signal to the control system, which will then activate the purging device 7. The outlet of the purging device 7 will then purge the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32 to remove the salt mist deposited on the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32, thus preventing corrosion of the housing and heat exchange tubes due to salt mist deposition.

[0087] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A safety control device for a heat exchanger in a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, characterized in that: Includes control system and purging device (7); The heat exchanger (3) includes a shell (31) and a heat exchange tube (32). A first opening is provided on the shell (31). The heat exchange tube (32) is located inside the shell (31), and both ends of the heat exchange tube (32) extend out of the shell (31). The first opening is connected to the salt cave (10). A sensor group (4) for monitoring the salt spray concentration in the compressed air is provided at the first opening. The outlet of the purging device (7) is located in the shell (31). The sensor group (4) and the purging device (7) are both connected to the control system signal. When the sensor group (4) detects that the salt spray concentration in the compressed air reaches the set value, it will send a start signal to the control system, and the control system will start the purging device (7) so that the outlet end of the purging device (7) will purge the inner surface of the housing (31) and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube (32). It also includes an electro-adsorption desalination device (8); The first opening is connected to the salt cave (10) through the electro-adsorption desalination device (8), and the electro-adsorption desalination device (8) is connected to the control system signal. It also includes a primary compressor (1) and a secondary compressor (2); The housing (31) is also provided with a second opening, the outlet of the first-stage compressor (1) is connected to the second opening, the inlet of the second-stage compressor (2) is connected to the first opening, and the outlet of the second-stage compressor (2) is connected to the salt cave (10). The sensor group (4) includes a salt spray concentration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor. The salt spray concentration sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and pressure sensor are all connected to the control system signal. The salt spray concentration sensor is used to monitor the salt spray concentration in the compressed air. The temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are used to obtain information about the compressed air at the first opening. The information includes temperature, relative humidity, and pressure. The heat exchanger (3) also includes a circulation system, the two ends of which are connected to the two ends of the heat exchange tube (32) respectively, and the circulation system is connected to the control system signal. The temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors transmit the acquired information to the control system. The control system calculates the water dew point temperature at the first opening based on the relative humidity and pressure in the information, and compares the obtained water dew point temperature with the temperature of the compressed air in the information to adjust the power of the circulation system to ensure that the temperature of the compressed air at the first opening is always higher than the water dew point temperature.

2. The safety control device for the heat exchanger of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first air duct (51), a second air duct (52), a first air outlet (53), and a second air outlet (54); The outlet of the first-stage compressor (1) is connected to the second opening through the first air guide pipe (51). The first air guide pipe (51) is provided with a first on / off valve (61) for switching the state of the outlet of the first-stage compressor (1) connected to the second opening. The inlet of the first outlet pipe (53) is connected to the first air guide pipe (51). The first on / off valve (61) is located between the outlet of the first outlet pipe (53) and the first-stage compressor (1). The first outlet pipe (53) is provided with a second on / off valve (62) for switching the state of the outlet of the first outlet pipe (53) connected to the first air guide pipe (51). The first opening is connected to the inlet of the secondary compressor (2) through the second air guide pipe (52). The second air guide pipe (52) is provided with a third on / off valve (63) for switching the connection state between the first opening and the inlet of the secondary compressor (2). The outlet of the second air outlet pipe (54) is connected to the second air guide pipe (52). The third on / off valve (63) is located between the outlet of the second air outlet pipe (54) and the secondary compressor (2). The inlet of the second air outlet pipe (54) is connected to the salt cavern (10). The second air outlet pipe (54) is provided with a fourth on / off valve (64) for switching the connection state between the salt cavern (10) and the second air guide pipe (52).

3. The safety control device for the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first on / off valve (61), the second on / off valve (62), the third on / off valve (63), and the fourth on / off valve (64) are all solenoid valves. The first on / off valve (61), the second on / off valve (62), the third on / off valve (63), and the fourth on / off valve (64) are all connected to the control system signal.

4. The safety control device for the heat exchanger of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first outlet pipe (53) is equipped with a turbine expander (9) at its outlet end, and the shaft of the turbine expander (9) is connected to the generator drive.

5. A safety control method for a heat exchanger in a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, characterized in that: The safety control method is implemented by the safety control device of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, and includes the following steps: Compressed air in the salt cavern (10) enters the shell (31) of the heat exchanger (3) through the first opening, and the sensor group (4) monitors the salt mist concentration in the compressed air at the first opening in real time. When the salt spray concentration in the compressed air at the first opening reaches or exceeds the set value, the sensor group (4) will send a start signal to the control system, and the control system will start the purging device (7) so that the outlet end of the purging device (7) purifies the inner surface of the housing (31) and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube (32).

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