Three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of laser cutting machine, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine, which comprises a laser cutting head and a sheath assembly arranged at the lower part of the laser cutting head. The sheath assembly comprises a sleeve piece one, a capsule tube piece, a sleeve piece two and a sleeve piece three connected axially in sequence. The sleeve piece one is provided with a type groove in communication with the capsule tube piece. The capsule tube piece can produce expansion and contraction changes during the charging and discharging processes, so that the sleeve piece two moves relative to the sleeve piece one. The sleeve piece two is formed with annular channels one and two, a gas supply channel in communication with the two annular channels, a spray hole in communication with the annular channel two. The annular channel one is provided with a communication pipe connected with the outside. The sleeve piece three is formed with an annular cavity, an air inlet and an exhaust pipe. The air inlets are distributed at intervals around the circumference, and the diameter of the circumference where the air inlets are distributed is greater than the diameter of the circumference where the spray holes are distributed. The present application can improve the temperature state of the outer periphery of the laser cutting head and the cutting position of the cut piece during the cutting process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser cutting device technology, specifically relating to a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine. Background Technology

[0002] A 3D five-axis laser cutting machine is a high-precision laser processing device developed for machining complex three-dimensional workpieces (such as free-form surfaces, deep cavities, and irregularly shaped structures). Its core feature is the synergy between a "five-axis linkage motion system" and a "high-energy laser," overcoming the limitations of traditional 2D / 3D laser cutting for machining "planar or simple three-dimensional parts," and achieving high-precision cutting of workpieces from multiple angles without blind spots. As is well known, the laser cutting head is a crucial component of a laser cutting device. Currently, to further improve the cutting efficiency of 3D five-axis laser cutting machines for thicker workpieces, the power of the laser cutting heads used is increasing. However, higher power generates more heat, and if it cannot be cooled effectively and promptly, it will negatively affect the cutting stability of the laser cutting head. Simultaneously, the greater the thickness of the workpiece, the longer the heating time at the cutting location, resulting in a greater temperature rise. This leads to a significant difference in heating between the front and back sides of the cutting location, easily causing significant angle changes in the cut surface, increased roughness, and significant unevenness, ultimately degrading the overall cutting quality. When using existing technology to cut thicker workpieces with a high-power laser cutting head, problems such as poor cutting process stability and uneven cut surface with high roughness are prone to occur because effective and significant cooling treatment cannot be carried out.

[0003] Therefore, for high-power 3D five-axis laser cutting machines, it is urgent to improve their heat dissipation and cooling performance to ensure stable cutting process and good cutting quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine provided by this invention can cool the area around the laser cutting head and the cutting position of the workpiece during the cutting process. This can improve the operating temperature conditions of the laser beam emitting end on the laser cutting head and reduce the heat difference between the front and back sides of the workpiece, thereby helping to ensure a stable cutting process and good cutting surface quality.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine, including a worktable, a gantry frame, a Y-axis mounting base, a Z-axis mounting base, a laser generator, a C-axis mounting base, a B-axis mounting base, a laser cutting head, and a protective sleeve assembly. The protective sleeve assembly is fitted onto the lower part of the laser cutting head, which can cover the lower part of the laser cutting head in its cylindrical cavity, and allow the position of the free end of the laser cutting head relative to the lower port of the protective sleeve assembly to be adjusted.

[0006] The sheath assembly includes a first sleeve member, a bladder member, and a second sleeve member arranged sequentially in the axial direction, and a third sleeve member connected to the lower part of the second sleeve member by a threaded structure. The first sleeve member is fixed to the upper part of the laser cutting head's housing. Specifically, the sheath assembly includes a first sleeve member fixed to the upper part of the laser cutting head's housing, a bladder member connected to the lower end of the first sleeve member, a second sleeve member connected to the lower end of the bladder member, and a third sleeve member connected to the lower part of the second sleeve member by a threaded structure.

[0007] The sleeve component has a groove on its wall that communicates with the cavity of the bladder tube component, and an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are installed on the groove. It should be noted that the air inlet pipe and air outlet pipe referred to here can be understood as two different / two independent pipe components, or as one / one type of pipe component, but they can be used for inflation and deflation operations.

[0008] The capsule is spring-shaped and can elongate and shorten axially during inflation and deflation, thus changing its length. This axial length change of the capsule causes a change in the axial position of the second sleeve relative to the first sleeve, thereby adjusting the axial position of the laser beam emitting end of the laser cutting head relative to the lower port of the second sleeve, i.e., adjusting the length of the free end of the laser cutting head protruding beyond the lower port of the second sleeve.

[0009] The second sleeve has two annular channels, one vertically opposite to the other, and multiple air supply channels connecting the two. The second annular channel is located lower and closer to the lower end of the second sleeve, and connects to multiple nozzles arranged alternately around the lower part of the second sleeve. This ensures that the spray direction of the nozzles is inclined outwards and downwards relative to the axial direction of the second sleeve. The first annular channel is equipped with a connecting pipe for connection to the outside.

[0010] The sleeve component three has an annular cavity, multiple air inlets and at least one exhaust pipe communicating with the annular cavity. The air inlets are distributed alternately around the circumference, and the direction of the axis of the air inlets is inclined outward and downward relative to the axial direction of the sleeve component two. The circumferential diameter of the area where the air inlets are distributed is larger than the circumferential diameter of the area where the nozzles are distributed.

[0011] Optionally, an annular conical surface with the smaller diameter end facing downwards is formed on the lower end face of the sleeve component two. The plurality of nozzles are distributed on the annular conical surface. Preferably, the nozzles are positioned close to the lower end of the annular conical surface.

[0012] Optionally, the inner cavity of the second sleeve is at least partially formed as a tapered cavity with the flared end facing upwards.

[0013] Optionally, an annular flange is formed at the lower end of the second sleeve, and a plurality of through holes are formed on the upper end face of the flange, which are distributed alternately around the circumference. The two ends of the through holes can connect the inner cavity of the second sleeve to the second annular channel.

[0014] Optionally, a plurality of guide rods are formed at the lower part of the sleeve component, which are distributed alternately around the circumference and extend vertically downward. A nut is disposed at the lower part of each guide rod. The plurality of guide rods are distributed on the periphery of the bladder component or in the bladder cavity, and the lower part of the guide rods extends downward relative to the lower end of the bladder component.

[0015] The upper part of the second sleeve component has a radial flange, and a smooth through hole is provided on the radial flange that corresponds to and matches the guide rod. The lower part of the guide rod passes through the smooth through hole to the bottom of the radial flange. The outer diameter of the guide rod is the same as the inner diameter of the smooth through hole.

[0016] Optionally, a spring is fitted onto the lower part of each guide rod, with both ends of the spring contacting the lower end face of the radial flange and the upper end face of the nut, respectively. This allows adjustment of the initial extension / retraction state of the spring by tightening the nut. A countersunk hole can be formed at the lower end of the smooth through hole, allowing the upper end of the spring to be inserted.

[0017] Optionally, the axis of the air supply channel extends inward from top to bottom relative to the axial direction of the second sleeve.

[0018] Optionally, the second sleeve includes a first cylinder connected to the lower end of the bladder tube, a second cylinder located at the lower end of the first cylinder, and an annular body located at the lower end of the second cylinder. An annular channel one is formed at the mating annular surface between the first and second cylinders. An annular channel two is formed at the mating annular surface between the second cylinder and the annular body. An air supply channel is formed on the wall of the second cylinder.

[0019] Optionally, the first cylinder and the second cylinder, and the second cylinder and the annular body are respectively fixedly connected together in a detachable manner.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are: this invention can optimize the temperature control near the periphery of the laser cutting head and near the cutting position of the workpiece during the cutting process, thereby playing a cooling role, improving the operating temperature conditions of the laser cutting head, and reducing the degree of heat difference between the front and back sides of the workpiece, thus helping to ensure the stability of the cutting process and good cutting surface quality. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an existing three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial improvement to the existing three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine as described in this application.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the sheath assembly involved in this application (in the state of matching with the laser cutting head).

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the sheath assembly involved in this application.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second cylinder from below.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the second cylinder.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a top view of the second cylinder structure.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the ring-shaped body.

[0030] Figure 10 This is a top view of the toroidal structure.

[0031] In the diagram: 10 Worktable, 20 Gantry, 30 Y-axis assembly, 40 Z-axis assembly, 50 Laser generator, 60 C-axis assembly, 70 B-axis assembly, 80 Laser cutting head, 801 Laser beam, 90 Sheath assembly, 100 Workpiece to be cut; 1 Sleeve component one, 11 Type groove, 12 Air inlet pipe, 13 Exhaust pipe, 14 Guide rod, 141 Nut component, 15 Spring component; 2 Tube component; 3 Sleeve component two, 31 First cylinder, 311 Radial flange, 312 Smooth through hole, 313 Annular groove one, 314 Conical cavity one, 32 Second cylinder, 321 Annular groove 2, 322 air supply channel, 323 annular groove 3, 324 through hole, 325 annular flange 1, 326 conical cavity 2, 33 annular body, 331 annular groove 4, 332 annular conical surface, 333 spray hole, 334 external threaded surface, 335 annular flange 2, 34 annular channel 1, 35 annular channel 2; 4 sleeve 3, 41 annular cavity, 411 air inlet, 412 exhaust pipe, 42 internal threaded surface. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The structures, proportions, and sizes illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, provided they do not affect the effectiveness or purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0033] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a conventional three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine, comprising a worktable 10, a gantry 20, a Y-axis mounting base 30, a Z-axis mounting base 40, a laser generator 50, a C-axis mounting base 60, a B-axis mounting base 70, and a laser cutting head 80. The worktable 10 is positioned below the gantry 20, and the two are movable relative to each other. This allows multiple mounting bases on the gantry 20 and the laser cutting head 80 to move synchronously relative to the worktable 10, thereby ensuring that the laser beam 801 emitted by the laser cutting head 80 corresponds to the workpiece 100 placed on the worktable 10 (see [reference]). Figure 2 The laser generator 50, C-axis assembly 60, B-axis assembly 70, and other conventional mechanisms are used to perform cutting processing on different positions on the workpiece 100. The detailed connection forms between the Y-axis assembly 30, Z-axis assembly 40, laser generator 50, C-axis assembly 60, B-axis assembly 70, and other conventional mechanisms and the gantry 20, as well as their interrelationships, can all be implemented with reference to existing technologies, and therefore will not be repeated in the technical description of this application.

[0034] The so-called "tilt angle" mentioned in this application refers to the situation where the width of the back side cut of the cut surface on the cut surface 100 increases relative to the width of the front side cut of the cut surface after the cut is completed; that is, if the tilt angle is relatively large, the angle formed between the cut surface and the optical axis of the laser beam 801 will also be larger, and the width of the back side cut will be more significantly increased compared to the width of the front side (i.e., the side facing the laser cutting head 80).

[0035] like Figures 2 to 10As shown, this application represents a partial improvement to an existing three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine. Specifically, a sheath assembly 90 is configured outside the laser cutting head 80. This sheath assembly 90 can improve the temperature environment around the laser cutting head 80 and near the cutting position of the workpiece 100 during the cutting process, achieving temperature reduction and control. This helps to improve the temperature condition on the laser beam 801 emitting end side of the laser cutting head 80, and reduces the temperature on both the front and back sides of the workpiece 100. Figure 2 The purpose of this method is to measure the difference in heating between the upper and lower surfaces of the cutting surface to ensure a stable cutting process, improve cutting quality, and maintain a good quality cut surface.

[0036] like Figures 2 to 10 As shown, the sheath assembly 90 includes a sleeve component 1 fixedly disposed on the upper part of the outer shell of the laser cutting head 80, a tube component 2 connected to the lower end of the sleeve component 1, a second sleeve component 3 connected to the lower end of the tube component 2, and a third sleeve component 4 threadedly connected to the lower part of the second sleeve component 3. The sleeve component 1, the tube component 2, the second sleeve component 3, and the third sleeve component 4 are coaxially assembled together and can maintain a roughly coaxial state during operation, with their cavities communicating vertically / axially. The sleeve component 1 and the outer shell of the laser cutting head 80 are matched by a threaded structure, making them coaxial. Thus, by screwing on the sleeve component 1, the initial axial position of the sleeve component 1, or the sheath assembly 90, relative to the laser cutting head 80 can be easily adjusted.

[0037] A groove 11 is provided at the lower part of the wall of the sleeve component 1, which can communicate with the cavity of the bladder component 2. An air inlet pipe 12 and an exhaust pipe 13 are provided at the port of the groove 11, and the cavity of the bladder component 2 is connected to an external air pump unit through the air inlet pipe 12 and the exhaust pipe 13, so that gas can be filled into the cavity of the bladder component 2 or gas can be extracted from the cavity, causing the bladder wall of the bladder component 2 to undergo (axial) expansion and contraction deformation.

[0038] When the axial length of the capsule 2 (capsule body) changes, the axial position of the sleeve 2 3 relative to the sleeve 1 changes, thereby adjusting the axial position of the sleeve 2 3 and the sleeve 3 4 relative to the free end of the laser cutting head 80. The capsule 2 can be spring-shaped, allowing for significant axial elongation and shortening of the capsule wall during gas filling and releasing.

[0039] The sleeve component 2 3 has annular channels 1 34 and 2 35 arranged vertically opposite to each other, and multiple air supply channels 322 connecting the annular channels 1 34 and 2 35. The annular channel 2 35 is positioned lower and closer to the lower port of the sleeve component 2 3. An annular conical surface 332 with its smaller diameter end facing downwards is formed on the lower end face of the sleeve component 2 3. Multiple nozzles 333 are formed on the annular conical surface 332, arranged circumferentially. The spray direction of each nozzle 333 is inclined outwards and downwards relative to the axial direction of the sleeve component 2 3. Multiple streams of air can be simultaneously distributed on the same (with a certain radial thickness) conical annular surface, with the flared end of the conical annular surface facing downwards and close to the front / upper end face of the cut part 100. See [reference needed]. Figure 2 .

[0040] All nozzles 333 are connected to the second annular channel 35. Simultaneously, the first annular channel 34 is equipped with a connecting pipe that can connect to the outside environment. This connecting pipe allows the first annular channel 34 to be connected to an external (inert gas) gas source unit, enabling the supply of high-pressure gas to the first annular channel 34 and the second annular channel 35. The gas is then ejected from the nozzles 333 in a conical pattern towards the front of the workpiece 100, forming an entrained jet. This jet causes the hot air surrounding the laser cutting head 80 and the hot air on the front side of the workpiece 100 to diffuse radially outwards, achieving temperature control and cooling of the area surrounding the laser cutting head 80 and the front side of the workpiece 100. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2 , Figure 3 .

[0041] The axial extension direction of the air supply channel 322 is inclined inward from top to bottom relative to the axial direction of the sleeve part 2 3, so that the annular channel 2 35 can be further close to the axial position of the laser cutting head 80, thereby allowing the nozzle 333 to be close to the axial position of the laser cutting head 80. This improves the ability to guide hot air close to the axial position of the laser cutting head 80, and promotes the hot air deep in the center of the laser cutting head 80 to flow fully outward / to the port, thus achieving a comprehensive cooling and temperature control effect on the laser cutting head 80 and achieving a relatively balanced overall cooling and temperature control effect.

[0042] The sleeve component 4 has an annular cavity 41 formed on its wall, and multiple air inlets 411 and multiple exhaust pipes 412 communicating with the annular cavity 41. The exhaust pipes 412 are connected to an external fan unit, which can draw air from the annular cavity 41 to the outside, and at the same time, under the action of air pressure, cause air near the air inlets 411 to flow into the annular cavity 41, so as to cause intense air flow in the local space.

[0043] Specifically, the air inlets 411 are arranged alternately around the circumference, and the axial direction of each air inlet 411 is inclined outward and downward relative to the axial direction of the sleeve component 3. This causes the air surrounding the air inlets 411 to flow in a state of multiple (main) airflows distributed on the same (radial thickness) conical annular surface. This promotes a rapid upward flow of air near the lower part of the laser cutting head 80 and the front side of the workpiece 100, further regulating the temperature of the local space and improving temperature control. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 .

[0044] like Figures 3 to 10 As shown, the circumferential diameter of the distribution area of ​​the air inlets 411 is larger than the circumferential diameter of the distribution area of ​​the nozzles 333. Thus, the diameter of the lower end (larger diameter end) of the conical annular surface where the multiple airflows flowing towards the air inlets 411 are located is larger than the diameter of the lower end (larger diameter end) of the conical annular surface where the multiple airflows ejected from the nozzles 333 are located. Figure 2 .

[0045] In this application, the nozzle 333 is used to achieve internal turbulence, causing hot air around the laser cutting head 80 and on the front side of the workpiece 100 to flow radially outward, thus achieving the first level of cooling control. Simultaneously, the air inlet 411 on the sleeve 4 collects the radially flowing hot air, forming the second level of cooling control. These two levels of cooling control promote strong convection between the air in the central region (i.e., the region near the axis of the laser cutting head 80) and the air in the peripheral region (the region radially farther from the axis of the laser cutting head 80). While expelling the hot air from the central region, it rapidly replenishes the surrounding cold air, achieving optimized temperature control near the periphery of the laser cutting head 80 and near the cutting position of the workpiece 100. This localized cooling helps improve the operating temperature conditions of the laser cutting head 80 and reduces the temperature difference between the front and back sides of the workpiece 100, ensuring a stable cutting process and good cutting surface quality.

[0046] By adjusting the axial position of the sheath assembly 90 relative to the laser cutting head 80, the spatial position and size of the conical annular surfaces of the nozzles 333 can be controlled to adjust the ability to draw out hot air from the central area and the degree of outward dispersion, meeting different cooling and temperature control requirements. Simultaneously, the position of the sheath assembly 90 can be adjusted according to changes in the environment / working conditions between the laser cutting head 80 and the workpiece 100 to avoid interference and ensure that the laser cutting head 80 can smoothly perform continuous processing operations. By rotating the sleeve component 3 4, its axial position relative to the sleeve component 2 3 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the relative position of the air inlet 411 relative to the nozzles 333, controlling the ability and effect of the air inlet 411 to extract hot air from the local space, ensuring that the overall cooling and temperature control process remains in good condition.

[0047] A plurality of guide rods 14 are formed at the lower part of the sleeve member 1, which are distributed circumferentially and extend vertically downward. A spring member 15 and a nut member 141 are respectively fitted at the lower part of each guide rod 14. The plurality of guide rods 14 are distributed in the cavity of the bladder member 2, and the lower part of the guide rods 14 extends downward relative to the lower end of the bladder member 2.

[0048] A radial flange 311 is formed on the upper part of the sleeve component 3, and a smooth through hole 312 corresponding to the guide rod 14 is provided on the radial flange 311. The lower part of the guide rod 14 passes through the smooth through hole 312 to the lower part of the radial flange 311, and the upper and lower ends of the spring component 15 contact the lower end face of the radial flange 311 and the upper end face of the nut component 141, respectively. A countersunk hole is formed at the lower end of the smooth through hole 312, allowing the upper end of the spring component 15 to be inserted.

[0049] The outer diameter of the guide rod 14 is consistent with the inner diameter of the smooth through hole 312. When the axial length of the tube 2 is stretched or deformed, it guides and constrains the sleeve 2 3 to move relative to the sleeve body 1 along the axial direction of the laser cutting head 80, ensuring that the inner wall of the sheath assembly 90 and the outer shell (outer wall) of the laser cutting head 80 will not collide during relative movement.

[0050] Simultaneously, by tightening the nut 141, the spring 15 is adjusted to a pre-compressed state in its initial state, but the elastic force of this pre-compression should not be too large. The spring 15 also serves to suppress significant relative movement between the sleeve 1 and sleeve 3 on the sheath assembly 90 due to inertia and / or gravity during operation, thus ensuring the stability of the relative position between the lower end of the sheath assembly 90 and the lower end of the laser cutting head 80. It is less likely that the sleeve 3 (and sleeve 4) will wobble significantly relative to the laser cutting head 80 during operation due to movement of the sleeve 3 with the laser cutting head 80 (especially axial movement). This ensures that the lower end of the sleeve 3 can maintain a stable position relative to the lower end of the laser cutting head 80, preventing the sheath assembly 90 from colliding with the workpiece 100 or surrounding workpieces, mechanisms, etc. Furthermore, the relative positions of the nozzle 333, the air inlet 411 relative to the laser cutting head 80, and the workpiece 100 can be controlled to remain stable.

[0051] like Figures 3 to 10 As shown, the second sleeve component 3 includes a first cylinder 31 connected to the lower end of the bladder tube component 2, a second cylinder 32 disposed at the lower end of the first cylinder 31, and an annular body 33 disposed at the lower end of the second cylinder 32. An annular channel 34 is formed between the mating annular surfaces of the first cylinder 31 and the second cylinder 32. An annular channel 35 is formed between the mating annular surfaces of the second cylinder 32 and the annular body 33. The air supply channel 322 is formed on the wall of the second cylinder 32. Specifically, the annular channel 34 is formed by the mating of an annular groove 313 formed at the lower end of the first cylinder 31 and an annular groove 321 formed at the upper end of the second cylinder 32, and the connecting pipe communicates with the annular groove 313.

[0052] The second annular channel 35 is formed by the connection of the third annular groove 323 at the lower end of the second cylinder 32 and the fourth annular groove 331 at the upper end of the annular body 33. The upper and lower ends of the air supply channel 322 are respectively connected to the inner bottom surface of the second annular groove 321 and the inner bottom surface of the third annular groove 323. The lower port of the through hole 324 extends to the inner bottom surface of the third annular groove 323.

[0053] The first cylindrical body 31, the second cylindrical body 32, and the annular body 33 are detachably fixedly connected. Specifically, the lower end of the first cylindrical body 31 has an annular flange, and the upper end of the second cylindrical body 32 has an annular groove. The annular flange of the first cylindrical body 31 and the annular groove of the second cylindrical body 32 are threaded together to fix them together. The lower end of the second cylindrical body 32 has an annular flange 325, which is inserted into the shaft hole of the annular body 33 and fixed together with bolts.

[0054] The sleeve 4 and the annular body 33 are connected together by a threaded structure. Specifically, an annular flange 335 is formed at the upper end of the annular body 33, and the outer peripheral surface of the annular flange 335 is formed as an external thread surface 334. It should be noted that, as shown in the figure, the lower end of the annular flange 335 can extend downward relative to the lower end surface of the annular body 33 by a small axial distance. At that time, the annular conical surface 332 provided on the annular body 33 can be positioned relative to the inner side of the lower port of the second annular flange 335, and the nozzle 333 is positioned relative to the lower port of the second annular flange 335. This ensures that the airflow ejected from the nozzle 333 will not cause excessive interference to the air near the air inlet 411 (or the lower end face of the sleeve 4), thus ensuring that the air near the lower end face of the sleeve 4 can flow more smoothly into the air inlet 411 and be discharged to the external space away from the laser cutting head 80 or recycled.

[0055] An internal thread surface 42 is formed on the inner wall of the sleeve part 3 4, so that the external thread surface 334 of the annular flange 2 335 matches the internal thread surface 42 of the sleeve part 3 4, so that the sleeve part 3 4 can be fixed on the annular body 33, that is, fixed on the lower part of the sleeve part 2 3.

[0056] The radial flange 311 is formed at the upper end of the first cylinder 31, and preferably the radial flange 311 is an annular flange. The conical cavity on the sleeve 3 is formed by the joining of a conical cavity 314 on the first cylinder 31 and a conical cavity 326 on the second cylinder 32.

[0057] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Many aspects of the present invention can be improved without departing from the overall concept. Those skilled in the art can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine, comprising a laser cutting head (80); characterized in that: It also includes a sheath assembly (90) fitted on the lower part of the laser cutting head (80); the sheath assembly (90) includes a sleeve part one (1), a tube part (2) and a sleeve part two (3) arranged sequentially in the axial direction, and a sleeve part three (4) connected to the lower part of the sleeve part two (3) by a threaded structure; the sleeve part one (1) is fixed on the upper part of the outer shell of the laser cutting head (80); The sleeve component (1) is provided with a groove (11) that communicates with the bladder cavity of the bladder tube component (2), and the groove (11) is provided with an air inlet pipe (12) and an exhaust pipe (13). The bladder tube (2) can elongate and shorten in the axial direction during the inflation and deflation process, so that the axial position of the sleeve part two (3) relative to the sleeve part one (1) changes; The sleeve part 2 (3) has an annular channel 1 (34) and an annular channel 2 (35) that are opposite to each other, and multiple air supply channels (322) connecting the two; the annular channel 2 (35) is close to the lower end of the sleeve part 2 (3) and is connected to multiple nozzles (333) that are arranged alternately around the circumference at the lower part of the sleeve part 2 (3); the spray direction of the nozzles (333) is inclined outward and downward relative to the axial direction; the annular channel 1 (34) is provided with a connecting pipe that can be connected to the outside; The sleeve part three (4) has an annular cavity (41) formed on it, as well as a plurality of air inlets (411) and at least one exhaust pipe (412) connected to the annular cavity (41); the air inlets (411) are distributed alternately around the circumference, and the extension direction of their axis lines is inclined outward and downward relative to the axial direction of the sleeve part two (3); the circumferential diameter of the distribution of the air inlets (411) is larger than the circumferential diameter of the distribution of the nozzles (333).

2. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular conical surface (332) with the small diameter end facing downward is formed on the lower end face of the sleeve part 2 (3); multiple nozzles (333) are distributed on the annular conical surface (332).

3. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of sleeve part two (3) is at least partially formed as a conical cavity with the flared end facing upwards.

4. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: An annular flange is formed at the lower end of the sleeve part 2 (3), and a plurality of through holes (324) are formed on the upper end face of the flange, which are distributed around the circumference; the two ends of the through holes (324) can connect the inner cavity of the sleeve part 2 (3) with the annular channel 2 (35).

5. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple guide rods (14) are formed at the lower part of the sleeve component (1), which are distributed around the circumference and extend vertically downward; a nut component (141) is provided at the lower part of each guide rod (14); the multiple guide rods (14) are distributed on the periphery of the bladder component (2) or in the bladder cavity, and the lower part of the guide rods (14) extends downward relative to the lower end of the bladder component (2); The upper part of the sleeve part 2 (3) is formed with a radial flange (311), and a smooth through hole (312) that corresponds to and matches the guide rod (14) is provided on the radial flange (311); the lower part of the guide rod (14) passes through the smooth through hole (312) to the lower part of the radial flange (311); the outer diameter of the guide rod (14) is consistent with the inner diameter of the smooth through hole (312).

6. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A spring (15) is fitted on the lower part of the guide rod (14), and the two ends of the spring (15) are in contact with the lower end face of the radial flange (311) and the upper end face of the nut (141), respectively.

7. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower end of the smooth through hole (312) is formed with a countersunk hole; the upper end of the spring member (15) is inserted into the countersunk hole and contacts the inner bottom surface of the countersunk hole.

8. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centerline of the gas supply channel (322) extends inward from top to bottom relative to the axial direction of the sleeve part (3).

9. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sleeve component two (3) includes a first cylinder (31) connected to the lower end of the bladder tube (2), a second cylinder (32) located at the lower end of the first cylinder (31), and an annular body (33) located at the lower end of the second cylinder (32); an annular channel one (34) is formed between the mating annular surfaces of the first cylinder (31) and the second cylinder (32); an annular channel two (35) is formed between the mating annular surfaces of the second cylinder (32) and the annular body (33); an air supply channel (322) is formed on the wall of the second cylinder (32); sleeve component three (4) and annular body (33) are connected together by a threaded structure.

10. The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first cylinder (31) and the second cylinder (32), and the second cylinder (32) and the annular body (33) are respectively fixedly connected together in a detachable manner.

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