Construction system and method for improving forming quality of constructional column
By using a segmented formwork system and a segmented pouring method, the problem of poor forming quality of structural columns was solved, and the uniform compaction of concrete and the improvement of construction efficiency were achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511191368.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
AI Technical Summary
Poor quality of structural columns means that the vibrator cannot reach the bottom and corners, air bubbles and laitance cannot be effectively discharged, and insufficient rigidity of the wooden formwork causes the formwork to bulge, affecting the dimensional accuracy and surface flatness of the structural columns and making it difficult to meet design requirements.
A segmented formwork system consisting of fixed formwork and movable formwork that can slide up and down is adopted. The structural columns are poured in segments by connecting them with tie rods. The lower part is poured first and the upper part is poured later. This ensures that the vibrator can easily reach the bottom and effectively vibrate, avoiding formwork bulging.
This method achieves uniform and dense concrete throughout the column, reduces demolding defects, improves the forming quality of the structural column, reduces the intensity of vibration work, and improves construction efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN120990350A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of structural column construction technology, specifically to a construction system and method for improving the forming quality of structural columns. Background Technology
[0002] Structural columns are important vertical reinforced concrete components in building construction. They are mainly placed at the intersections of longitudinal and transverse walls, corners, and the middle of long walls to improve the overall integrity and seismic performance of the building. The standard cross-sectional dimensions of structural columns are 240 mm × 240 mm or 200 mm × 200 mm, and their height is usually the floor height. They are internally reinforced with longitudinal bars and stirrups. Due to space constraints, if the structural column is poorly constructed, the cost of subsequent reinforcement is extremely high; therefore, quality control during the construction phase is particularly important.
[0003] Currently, the construction of structural columns generally adopts a closed wooden formwork system. Specifically, toothed joints are first reserved in the wall, rectangular cavity formwork is assembled on site, and after the reinforcement is tied, external reinforcement is completed with wire, tie rods or steel pipe frame to form an integral closed formwork. A pouring port is opened at the top of the formwork, and concrete is poured in through this port. The vibrator is inserted only through this port for vibration.
[0004] However, this construction method has the following problems: 1. Due to the small cross-section and large height of the column cavity, the vibrator cannot reach the bottom and corners, and air bubbles and laitance cannot be effectively discharged. After demolding, honeycombing, pitting, and exposed reinforcement are frequent, resulting in large dispersion of concrete strength and difficulty in meeting design requirements. 2. The wooden formwork itself has insufficient rigidity and is prone to bulging under the lateral pressure of the high column concrete, causing deviations in the cross-sectional dimensions of the structural column and poor surface flatness, affecting subsequent decoration and structural stress. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a construction system and method for improving the forming quality of structural columns, thereby solving the problem of poor forming quality of structural columns.
[0006] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve its technical problem is: Firstly, a construction system for improving the forming quality of structural columns is provided, comprising two opposing template units and several tie rods; each template unit includes two parallel uprights, a fixed template and a movable template positioned from bottom to top between the two uprights, the fixed template being fixedly connected to the two uprights, and the movable template being slidably connected to the two uprights so that the movable template can slide up and down and overlap the outside of the fixed template, one of the movable templates having a filling port at its top, and the uprights of the two template units being connected by several tie rods.
[0007] Furthermore, the upright has a guide groove extending from one end to the other on the side facing the movable template, and the two sides of the movable template are respectively slidably fitted into the guide grooves of the two uprights.
[0008] Furthermore, the template unit also includes a tie rod disposed above the fixed template and located outside the movable template, with both ends of the tie rod being detachably connected to the two uprights respectively.
[0009] Furthermore, the lower end of the upright is flush with the lower end of the fixed template; or the lower end of the upright is higher than the lower end of the fixed template.
[0010] Furthermore, the sum of the heights of the fixed template and the movable template is greater than or equal to the height of the upright.
[0011] Furthermore, the height of the fixed template is greater than or equal to the height of the movable template.
[0012] Furthermore, both the fixed template and the movable template are steel templates.
[0013] Furthermore, a handle is fixed to the outer surface of the movable template.
[0014] Furthermore, the pull assembly includes a pull rod and fixing nuts threaded to both ends of the pull rod, and the upright has a through hole through which the pull rod passes.
[0015] Secondly, a construction method for improving the forming quality of structural columns is provided, employing the aforementioned construction system. This construction method includes: S1. Place the two template units on both sides of the wall and tighten and fix them by several tie rods; S2. Control the movable template to overlap the outside of the fixed template, pour concrete between the two fixed templates, and insert the vibrator to vibrate the concrete; S3. After the concrete pouring in step S2 is completed, control the movable template to move upward to the top of the structural column and fix it in that position. Then, inject the concrete from the grouting port between the two movable templates and insert the vibrator from the grouting port to vibrate the concrete.
[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are: The construction system and method for improving the forming quality of structural columns provided in this application embodiment, through a segmented formwork system composed of a fixed formwork and a movable formwork that can slide up and down, can divide the one-time forming of ultra-high structural columns into a two-step construction method of pouring the lower part first and then pouring the upper part. When pouring the lower column segment, the movable formwork overlaps the outside of the fixed formwork, significantly reducing the height of the column cavity, allowing the vibrator to easily reach the bottom, so that air bubbles and laitance in the bottom concrete can be fully discharged. When pouring the upper column segment, the movable formwork is raised to the top of the column and locked, and the vibrator can still effectively vibrate. This achieves uniform and dense concrete throughout the column, with no defects such as honeycomb, pitting, or exposed reinforcement after demolding, significantly improving the forming quality of the structural column. At the same time, segmented pouring can reduce the amount of concrete in each segment, reduce the intensity of vibration work in each segment, and simultaneously improve the efficiency of manual and mechanical work. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the construction system for improving the forming quality of structural columns provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The right view; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of section A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram showing the construction of walls on both sides of the structural column construction location; Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the state of the lower section of the structural column during concrete pouring. Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the state of the upper section of the structural column during concrete pouring.
[0019] Figure label: 1- Template unit; 11-Upright pole; 111-Guide groove; 12-Fixed template; 13-Event Template; 14 - Filling port; 15-Pull rod; 16-Handle; 17-Pull rod nut; 2- Pull-out assembly; 21-Pull screw; 22-Fixing nut; 3-Walls; 4-Vibrator; 5-Reinforced concrete base slab; 6-Reinforced concrete beam; 7- Reinforcing steel bars for structural columns. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.
[0021] In the description of this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Unless otherwise specified, the above-mentioned orientational descriptions can be flexibly set in actual application, provided that the relative positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings are satisfied.
[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0023] Structural columns are important vertical reinforced concrete components in building construction. They are mainly placed at the intersections of longitudinal and transverse walls, corners, and the middle of long walls to improve the overall integrity and seismic performance of the building. The standard cross-sectional dimensions of structural columns are 240 mm × 240 mm or 200 mm × 200 mm, and their height is usually the floor height. They are internally reinforced with longitudinal bars and stirrups. Due to space constraints, if the structural column is poorly constructed, the cost of subsequent reinforcement is extremely high; therefore, quality control during the construction phase is particularly important.
[0024] Currently, the construction of structural columns generally adopts a closed wooden formwork system. Specifically, toothed joints are first reserved in the wall, rectangular cavity formwork is assembled on site, and after the reinforcement is tied, external reinforcement is completed with wire, tie rods or steel pipe frame to form an integral closed formwork. A pouring port is opened at the top of the formwork, and concrete is poured in through this port. The vibrator is inserted only through this port for vibration.
[0025] However, this construction method has the following problems: 1. Due to the small cross-section and large height of the column cavity, the vibrator cannot reach the bottom and corners, and air bubbles and laitance cannot be effectively discharged. After demolding, honeycombing, pitting, and exposed reinforcement are frequent, resulting in large dispersion of concrete strength and difficulty in meeting design requirements. 2. The wooden formwork itself has insufficient rigidity and is prone to bulging under the lateral pressure of the high column concrete, causing deviations in the cross-sectional dimensions of the structural column and poor surface flatness, affecting subsequent decoration and structural stress.
[0026] To overcome the limitations of traditional construction methods, the industry has attempted to apply vibration to the outside of the formwork, i.e., by placing vibrators around the formwork or manually striking it, to transmit vibrational energy through the formwork to the concrete. However, this method still has the following problems: 1. The interface between the formwork and the concrete is not a rigid contact, and the high-frequency vibration energy is severely attenuated after passing through the wooden formwork, making it unable to effectively penetrate deep into the column cavity, and air bubbles and laitance in the concrete are difficult to migrate and be discharged; 2. Even if the surface concrete liquefies due to vibration, the air bubbles inside still need to travel through the entire column height to escape from the top grouting port, and the long path and small cross-section of the high column cavity greatly increases the resistance to the rise of air bubbles, ultimately causing them to remain trapped in the pores; 3. The wooden formwork is already under high stress to resist bulging, and the addition of external high-frequency impact makes it very easy for nail holes to loosen, the board surface to crack, and the edges to break.
[0027] Therefore, using a vibrator to vibrate against the wall or manually striking the outside of the formwork does not solve the problem that the vibrator cannot vibrate the bottom of the structural column, resulting in the inability to effectively remove air bubbles and laitance. It also introduces new problems of formwork wear and tear. It is still a stopgap measure that only treats the symptoms and not the root cause.
[0028] Based on this, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 This application provides a construction system for improving the forming quality of structural columns, including two template units 1 arranged opposite each other and several tie rods 2. The template unit 1 includes two parallel uprights 11, a fixed template 12 and a movable template 13 arranged from bottom to top between the two uprights 11. The fixed template 12 is fixedly connected to the two uprights 11, and the movable template 13 is slidably connected to the two uprights 11 so that the movable template 13 can slide up and down and can overlap the outside of the fixed template 12. One of the movable templates 13 has a filling port 14 at its top. The uprights 11 of the two template units 1 are connected by several tie rods 2.
[0029] See Figure 1 The construction system mainly includes two formwork units 1 and several tie rod components 2.
[0030] Two template units 1 are positioned opposite each other and are used to adhere tightly to the wall surfaces on both sides of the wall 3, serving as the concrete forming boundary for the structural column and providing temporary support for the concrete pouring of the structural column. The tie rod 2 is used to tighten and fix the two template units 1 to the wall surface of the wall 3, preventing the template units 1 from shifting during the concrete pouring process and ensuring the dimensional accuracy and shape stability of the concrete structure.
[0031] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 Each template unit 1 includes two uprights 11, a fixed template 12, and a movable template 13.
[0032] The uprights 11 are vertically installed and serve as both the keel and slide rail of the formwork unit 1, bearing the self-weight of the formwork and the lateral pressure of the concrete, and providing guidance for the upward and downward sliding of the movable formwork 13. The uprights 11 in the two formwork units 1 correspond one-to-one and are fixed to the wall surface of the wall 3 by tie rods 2. The height of the uprights 11 is set according to the height of the structural column to be poured, and can be greater than or equal to the height of the structural column. The uprights 11 can be made of galvanized square tubing or aluminum alloy profiles, which are high in strength and rigidity and can be reused.
[0033] The fixed template 12 is a vertically oriented rectangular structure used as the lower section template for the construction column, ensuring the geometric dimensions of the lower section of the construction column. The fixed template 12 is positioned between two uprights 11, with its left and right sides fixedly connected to the two uprights 11 respectively. The lower end of the uprights 11 can be flush with the lower end of the fixed template 12, or the lower end of the uprights 11 can be higher than the lower end of the fixed template 12.
[0034] The movable template 13 is a vertically arranged rectangular structure positioned above the fixed template 12. It serves as the upper section template for the construction column, ensuring the geometric dimensions of the upper section of the construction column. The movable template 13 is located between two uprights 11, with its left and right sides movably connected to the two uprights 11 respectively, allowing the movable template 13 to slide up and down along the uprights 11. When sliding downwards, the movable template 13 can overlap the outside of the fixed template 12.
[0035] Both the fixed formwork 12 and the movable formwork 13 can be standardized steel formwork, directly made of steel plates. Steel formwork has the advantages of high elastic modulus and minimal deflection under the action of concrete lateral pressure, which can significantly reduce the probability of bulging and ensure the accuracy of the geometric dimensions of the structural columns. Steel formwork also has the advantages of high turnover rate and low long-term amortization cost, resulting in significant overall economic benefits.
[0036] The widths of the fixed formwork 12 and the movable formwork 13 can be equal, and both are greater than the width of the structural column to be poured. The sum of the heights of the fixed formwork 12 and the movable formwork 13 should be greater than or equal to the height of the structural column to be poured. For example, the sum of the heights of the fixed formwork 12 and the movable formwork 13 is greater than or equal to the height of the upright 11, and the height of the fixed formwork 12 is greater than or equal to the height of the movable formwork 13. For example, the widths of both the fixed formwork 12 and the movable formwork 13 are equal to twice the width of the structural column to be poured, and the heights of the fixed formwork 12 and the movable formwork 13 are approximately equal to half the height of the structural column to be poured.
[0037] The pouring port 14 is located on top of one of the movable formwork 13 and is used to provide a concrete inlet for pouring the upper section of the structural column.
[0038] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 The upright 11 has a guide groove 111 extending from its upper end to its lower end on the side facing the movable template 13. The two sides of the movable template 13 are respectively slidably fitted into the guide grooves 111 of the two uprights 11, allowing the movable template 13 to slide up and down within the guide grooves 111. This structure allows the two sides of the movable template 13 to be directly embedded into the through guide grooves 111 of the upright 11, simplifying the installation process, reducing the installation difficulty, and ensuring the straightness and stability of the movable template 13 during the entire sliding process.
[0039] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 The template unit 1 also includes a tie rod 15 located above the fixed template 12 and outside the movable template 13. Both ends of the tie rod 15 are detachably connected to two uprights 11. The tie rod 15 is used to tighten the upper sections of the two uprights 11, improving the rigidity of the template unit 1 and preventing displacement of the upper ends of the two uprights 11 during concrete pouring. By detachably connecting the tie rod 15 to the uprights 11, the tie rod 15 can be removed before the movable template 13 slides up, preventing interference between the tie rod 15 and the filling port 14 or other components on the movable template 13, thus ensuring the movable template 13 can slide into place.
[0040] For example, see Figure 2 The tie rod 15 has external threaded sections at both ends, with tie rod nuts 17 threaded onto each section. Each of the two uprights 11 has a tie rod hole through which the tie rod 15 passes. During installation, one end of the tie rod 15 is passed through the tie rod holes on the two uprights 11 in sequence. Then, the two tie rod nuts 17 are installed on the external threaded sections at both ends of the tie rod 15. Tightening the tie rod nuts 17 connects the upper sections of the two uprights 11 together via the tie rod 15. Disassembly is performed by simply reversing the process; details will not be elaborated further.
[0041] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 A handle 16 is fixed to the outer surface of the movable template 13, and the handle 16 can be welded to the movable template 13. The installation position of the handle 16 on the movable template 13 should conform to the ergonomic height for easy gripping and operation by workers. Accordingly, by setting the handle 16, operators can grasp the handle 16 to drive the movable template 13 to slide up and down without the need for tools such as pry bars.
[0042] See Figure 1 , Figure 3 The tie rod assembly 2 includes a tie rod 21 and fixing nuts 22 threaded to both ends of the tie rod 21. The uprights 11 have through holes through which the tie rod 21 passes. During installation, one end of the tie rod 21 is passed through the through holes on the two uprights 11, and then the two fixing nuts 22 are installed at both ends of the tie rod 21. After tightening the fixing nuts 22, the two uprights 11 are tied and fixed together by the tie rod 21. Removal is simply a matter of reversing the process; details will not be elaborated here.
[0043] See Figure 4 Between the reinforced concrete base slab 5 and the reinforced concrete beam 6, a wall 3 and a structural column need to be constructed. The construction steps are as follows: first, build the wall 3 on both sides of the structural column construction position and leave toothed joints; then, install the structural column reinforcement at the structural column construction position and tie the structural column reinforcement 7; then, set up the formwork and pour the structural column concrete.
[0044] To improve the forming quality of structural columns, the construction system provided in this application embodiment is used for pouring concrete for structural columns. The specific method includes the following steps: S1. Place two template units 1 on both sides of the wall 3 respectively, and tighten and fix them by several tie rods 2.
[0045] For details, see Figure 6 Two template units 1 are erected on both sides of the structural column reinforcement 7, and the uprights 11 and the fixed template 12 are made to be in close contact with the surface of the wall 3. The uprights 11 of the two template units 1 are tied together and fixed to the wall 3 by several tie rods 2, thereby forming a pouring cavity between the wall 3 and the two template units 1 for subsequent pouring of structural column concrete.
[0046] S2. Control the movable template 13 to overlap the outside of the fixed template 12, pour concrete between the two fixed templates 12, and insert the vibrator 4 to vibrate the concrete.
[0047] For details, see Figure 6When the movable template 13 slides down and overlaps the outside of the fixed template 12, a lower pouring cavity is formed between the wall 3 and the two fixed templates 12. At this time, concrete can be poured between the two fixed templates 12 on top of the fixed template 12, and at the same time, the vibrator 4 is inserted to vibrate the concrete, so that the air bubbles and laitance in the bottom concrete are fully discharged.
[0048] After the concrete pouring in step S3 and S2 is completed, control the movable formwork 13 to move upward to the top of the structural column and fix it in that position. Then, inject the concrete from the pouring port 14 between the two movable formwork 13 and insert the vibrator from the pouring port 14 to vibrate the concrete.
[0049] Specifically, after the concrete in the lower section of the pouring cavity is poured and vibrated to compact, the worker pulls the handle 16 to move the top of the movable formwork 13 upwards to the top of the structural column, while the bottom of the movable formwork 13 still overlaps with the top of the fixed formwork 12. A steel structure support is set between the reinforced concrete base plate 5 and the bottom of the movable formwork 13 to fix the movable formwork 13 in this position. Then, the upper sections of the two uprights 11 in each formwork unit 1 are tied and fixed by the tie rod 15 and tie rod nut 17. Then, concrete is injected from the pouring port 14 between the two movable formwork 13, and at the same time, the vibrator 4 is inserted from the pouring port 14 to vibrate the concrete, so that the air bubbles and laitance in the concrete are fully discharged.
[0050] The construction system and method for improving the forming quality of structural columns provided in this application embodiment, through a segmented template system composed of a fixed template 12 and a movable template 13 that can slide up and down, can divide the one-time forming of ultra-high structural columns into a two-step construction method of pouring the lower part first and the upper part later. When pouring the lower column segment, the movable template 13 overlaps the outside of the fixed template 12, significantly reducing the column cavity height, and the vibrator 4 can easily reach the bottom, allowing air bubbles and laitance in the bottom concrete to be fully discharged. When pouring the upper column segment, the movable template 13 is raised to the top of the column and locked, and the vibrator 4 can still effectively vibrate. This achieves uniform and dense concrete throughout the column, with no defects such as honeycomb, pitting, or exposed reinforcement after demolding, significantly improving the forming quality of the structural column. At the same time, segmented pouring can reduce the amount of concrete in each segment, reduce the intensity of vibration work in each segment, and simultaneously improve the efficiency of manual and mechanical work.
[0051] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A construction system for improving the forming quality of structural columns, comprising two opposing formwork units (1) and a plurality of tie rod assemblies (2); characterized in that, The template unit (1) includes two parallel uprights (11), a fixed template (12) and a movable template (13) arranged from bottom to top between the two uprights (11). The fixed template (12) is fixedly connected to the two uprights (11), and the movable template (13) is slidably connected to the two uprights (11) so that the movable template (13) can slide up and down and overlap the outside of the fixed template (12). One of the movable templates (13) has a filling port (14) at the top. The uprights (11) of the two template units (1) are connected by several pull-out components (2).
2. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upright (11) has a guide groove (111) extending from one end to the other on the side facing the movable template (13), and the two sides of the movable template (13) are respectively slidably fitted in the guide groove (111) of the two uprights (11).
3. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The template unit (1) also includes a tie rod (15) located above the fixed template (12) and outside the movable template (13), with both ends of the tie rod (15) being detachably connected to the two uprights (11).
4. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the upright (11) is flush with the lower end of the fixed template (12); or the lower end of the upright (11) is higher than the lower end of the fixed template (12).
5. The construction system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sum of the heights of the fixed template (12) and the movable template (13) is greater than or equal to the height of the upright (11).
6. The construction system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The height of the fixed template (12) is greater than or equal to the height of the movable template (13).
7. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the fixed template (12) and the movable template (13) are steel templates.
8. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A handle (16) is fixed to the outer surface of the movable template (13).
9. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pull assembly (2) includes a pull screw (21) and a fixing nut (22) threaded to both ends of the pull screw (21). The upright (11) has a through hole through which the pull screw (21) passes.
10. A construction method for improving the forming quality of structural columns, characterized in that, The construction method using the construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes: S1. Place the two template units (1) on both sides of the wall (3) respectively, and tighten and fix them by several tie rods (2); S2. Control the movable template (13) to overlap the outside of the fixed template (12), pour concrete between the two fixed templates (12), and insert the vibrator (4) to vibrate the concrete; S3. After the concrete pouring in step S2 is completed, control the movable template (13) to move upward to the top of the structural column and fix it in that position. Then, inject the concrete from the grouting port (14) between the two movable templates (13) and insert the vibrator (4) from the grouting port (14) to vibrate the concrete.