Jet drainage exhaust system and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy-saving ventilation technology, which can effectively reduce the discharge of indoor air and save energy. At present, mechanical ventilation is generally adopted in the mode of discharging flue gas pollutants in an indoor space, negative pressure is generated, the pollutants are discharged outdoors through a pipeline by utilizing indoor air, and a large amount of indoor air is wasted in the mode. According to the core system scheme, outdoor air is used for replacing part of indoor air to take away pollutants. According to the typical application scheme, outdoor air is introduced into an exhaust hood through a pressurization ventilator to form guide airflow, pollutants are mixed, guided and captured to an outlet of the exhaust hood, meanwhile, the outdoor air is introduced to form high-speed airflow at the outlet of the exhaust hood through a jet drainage component, and the high-speed airflow and an exhaust ventilator jointly act; certain negative pressure is formed at an exhaust hood opening to suck pollutants, and the pollutants are rapidly taken away by high-speed jet airflow to enter a pipeline system and are discharged outdoors through an exhaust ventilator. According to different scenes, the system composition can be adjusted, but the core system scheme is not changed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] An energy-saving ventilation technology that effectively reduces indoor air exhaust and saves energy. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, mechanical ventilation is the common method for treating smoke-like pollutant emissions in indoor spaces. The conventional approach involves connecting exhaust hoods (outlets), ductwork, purification equipment, and exhaust fans into a system. The negative pressure created by the exhaust fan in the hood draws pollutants into the indoor air, which is then exhausted outdoors through the duct system. This method consumes a significant amount of comfortable indoor air, resulting in energy loss and creating substantial negative pressure. To address this, a corresponding volume of fresh outdoor air needs to be introduced. Pre-treating the fresh air requires additional equipment and significant energy consumption; failing to pre-treat the fresh air reduces indoor comfort and increases energy consumption. If fresh air cannot be supplied, fumes may not be effectively expelled, leading to air pollution and health problems.

[0003] The following is an example using the catering industry: In buildings with catering businesses, kitchen fumes are typically discharged using mechanical exhaust and mechanical make-up air systems. Fumes are collected using exhaust hoods (also known as fume hoods, which are the same type of equipment used to collect pollutants; in the catering industry, they are more commonly called exhaust hoods, while ventilation professionals refer to them as collection hoods or exhaust hoods). The exhaust fans create negative pressure at the hood openings, allowing indoor air to carry the fumes through ducts and expel them outdoors. This method requires a significant negative pressure at the hood openings to allow indoor air to carry the pollutants out. Mechanical make-up air systems typically do not perform pre-treatment (resulting in high investment and operating costs), leading to… To maintain kitchen comfort, the intake air is often not turned on in winter and summer. However, to maintain indoor pressure balance, a large amount of fresh outdoor air is introduced through the intake air fan, doors, windows, gaps, and other parts connecting to the outside, resulting in a decrease in indoor environmental comfort and energy waste. This is especially true for large catering establishments such as canteens and large shopping malls, where indoor negative pressure has a significant impact on the indoor environment in winter and summer. The large influx of outdoor air increases the heating and cooling load, leading to energy waste. Furthermore, negative pressure causes high wind speeds at entrances and exits in these places, making it difficult to even open doors, which greatly affects the comfort of the indoor environment.

[0004] Taking Chinese restaurants as an example, current design standards are based on an air exchange rate of 40-60 times per hour for exhaust volume. If the ratio of dining area to kitchen is calculated as 1:1, then based on the volume of the dining area, indoor air will be exchanged for outdoor air at a frequency of 20-30 times per hour, which is an average of once every 2-3 minutes. This reduces the comfort of the dining area and also causes a huge waste of energy.

[0005] Similar energy waste occurs in places where pollutants need to be discharged from indoor spaces of buildings, such as commercial restaurants, canteens in government agencies and schools, laboratory ventilation, and household kitchens. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The jet-flow exhaust system of this invention and its application can effectively solve the problems of energy waste and reduced indoor environmental comfort caused by high negative pressure in places where pollutants need to be discharged from indoor spaces of buildings. It can also solve the problem of polluted areas not being able to be discharged due to insufficient outdoor fresh air supply. This description details the core system scheme, key components and accessories of the jet-flow exhaust system, its application, and energy-saving and emission-reduction effects as follows: The core of a jet-flow exhaust system is to utilize outdoor air to partially replace indoor air in removing pollutants. A typical application involves using a pressurized fan to introduce outdoor air into the exhaust hood cavity, creating a guiding airflow that mixes, guides, and captures pollutants towards the exhaust hood outlet. Simultaneously, the introduced outdoor air, through jet-flow components, forms a high-speed airflow at the exhaust hood outlet. This airflow, working in conjunction with the exhaust fan, creates a negative pressure at the exhaust hood opening, drawing in pollutants. The high-speed jet airflow then rapidly carries the pollutants into the duct system, where the exhaust fan discharges them outdoors. Depending on the application scenario, the system may use only a pressurized fan, an exhaust fan, or other similar equipment to achieve the same pollutant emission effect, but the core system design remains unchanged.

[0007] The core components of a jet-driven ventilation system are the exhaust hood, jet-driven components, and a ventilator. The exhaust hood needs to be customized according to the pollution source; it can be equipped with an internal cavity to generate guiding airflow, or it may not have a cavity or guiding airflow depending on the specific situation. The jet-driven components are key components for introducing outdoor fresh air and drawing in a mixture of polluted and fresh air. Whether using a tapered, ducted, or other similar device, their purpose is to introduce outdoor air and generate a high-speed airflow to draw in and quickly remove pollutants. The ventilator is a key device for introducing outdoor fresh air and expelling pollutants. It is selected based on specific parameters, and depending on the scenario, the ventilator can be replaced by other devices with similar functions. System accessories include ventilation ducts, dampers, regulating valves, static pressure boxes, and other ventilation system components. These components are set according to the requirements of the core system solution to achieve the desired functional effects.

[0008] Jet ventilation systems have a wide range of applications. This manual describes their applications from two perspectives: large-scale systems (such as commercial restaurants, government and school canteens, laboratory ventilation, large space ventilation, and industrial ventilation) and small-scale systems (such as household range hoods and room exhaust systems). Taking the exhaust fumes from a canteen in a government agency or school as an example, a typical exhaust fume system designed using this invention includes: using a pressurized fan to force outdoor air into the cavity of the exhaust hood and send it out through the vent to form a guided airflow, mixing, guiding, and capturing pollutants to the exhaust hood outlet. Simultaneously, the outdoor air supplied by the pressurized fan is subjected to a high-speed jet airflow generated at the exhaust hood outlet by a jet guide component. Polluted air enters the exhaust hood opening and is quickly carried into the duct system. The polluted air undergoes preliminary filtration through a fume scrubbing box, is then transported through ducts to the purification equipment, and finally discharged into the atmosphere by the exhaust fan. In specific applications, the system components include a pressurized fan, air supply ducts, a plenum chamber, jet guide components, an exhaust hood, exhaust ducts, a fume scrubbing box, and purification equipment. The system consists of an exhaust fan, airflow regulating valve, and duct accessories. The system flow is as follows: the pressurizing fan pressurizes outdoor air, which then flows to the plenum box in the duct system. The outdoor air is guided to the exhaust hood and the jet duct components. Some outdoor air is sent out from the vents near the exhaust hood, guiding and carrying pollutants to the exhaust hood outlet. At the same time, some outdoor air flows to the jet duct components to form a high-speed airflow. The polluted air in the exhaust hood is drawn in due to negative pressure, carried by the high-speed airflow, and quickly discharged into the duct and into the fume washing box. The exhaust fan then purifies the pollutants through the purification equipment before discharging them outdoors. For large systems such as the fume extraction systems of government agencies and school canteens, which have multiple stoves and multiple exhaust points, a parallel exhaust hood design can be adopted, and outdoor fresh air and jet duct components can be connected in parallel.

[0009] Large systems, such as the exhaust systems of canteens in government agencies and schools, have many exhaust points from stoves, etc., so they can adopt a parallel exhaust hood design and use outdoor fresh air and converging pipe components in parallel. However, depending on the specific circumstances, other methods such as series connection can also be used to achieve the required effect of the core solution.

[0010] As a component of the pollutant removal system, the smoke washing box functions to slow down and gather polluted air. It is equipped with a washing liquid spraying device, as well as baffles, overflow devices, etc. The washing liquid is mechanically circulated to clean the polluted air and discharge the liquid containing pollutants. At the same time, it also serves as a fireproof isolation function. The washing liquid used can be different depending on the nature of different pollutants, but its core function remains unchanged.

[0011] Taking a household range hood as an example, a small-scale system works by designing and selecting components such as a pressurized fan, exhaust hood, jet guide components, and exhaust fan to create a product suitable for home use. The pressurized fan forces outdoor air into the exhaust hood cavity and sends it out through the vent, forming a guided airflow that mixes, guides, and captures pollutants to the exhaust hood outlet. Simultaneously, the outdoor air supplied by the pressurized fan is channeled through the jet guide components at the exhaust hood outlet, generating a high-speed jet of air. Polluted air enters the exhaust hood opening and is quickly carried into the duct system, ultimately being exhausted outdoors by the exhaust fan. Depending on the application scenario, the exhaust hood may not have a cavity and does not require guided airflow; depending on the application scenario, an exhaust fan or supply fan may not be required; for a standard exhaust system, the exhaust hood can be replaced with an exhaust vent.

[0012] In the application of jet ventilation systems, whether large or small, automatic control can be used. By setting the outdoor fresh air pressure and flow rate, exhaust duct pressure and flow rate, indoor negative pressure, and other parameters such as the ventilation fan and air valves of each exhaust hood, automatic adjustment can be achieved according to preset methods.

[0013] The core solution of the jet-driven exhaust system and its application in this invention is to use outdoor air to replace part of the indoor air to remove pollutants, thereby significantly reducing the exhaust of indoor air and achieving the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction. The application of the jet-driven exhaust system in this specification, whether it is a large system or a small system, is only a typical application of this invention. In different application scenarios, these components of this invention are specifically adjusted according to different application sites or types of pollutants. The design of its appearance, components, system composition, etc., will be adjusted, but the core of the invention remains unchanged.

[0014] Taking the catering industry as an example, the application and energy-saving and emission-reduction effects of this invention are described as follows: In the application of kitchen fume exhaust in the catering industry, according to current design specifications, the exhaust volume in the catering industry is designed based on 40-60 air changes per hour. However, in actual use, the exhaust volume is basically calculated based on 2000-3000 m3 / h per meter of exhaust hood. If the jet-flow exhaust system of this invention is adopted, the indoor exhaust volume can be reduced by 40%-80%, replacing it with outdoor air, thereby saving energy and reducing emissions.

[0015] Taking a university canteen in Beijing as an example, based on the parameters of air conditioning heating and cooling in winter and summer, saving 1000 m3 / h of air volume will reduce carbon emissions by 1.67 tons. If calculated based on the total air volume of all exhaust fans in this university and the annual operating time, adopting this invention will reduce carbon emissions by 1951-3122 tons annually, demonstrating significant energy-saving and emission-reduction effects. The energy conservation and emission reduction effects are calculated as shown in the table below: (This table is based on relevant parameters for air conditioning and heating in Beijing) Attached Figure Description

[0016] The core system schematic diagram, key component diagram, and several common application forms of this invention are as follows: Figure 1 This illustrates a typical application of the present invention; Figure 2 This indicates the core component of the invention: the jet drainage component. Figure 3 This illustrates a typical application of the exhaust hood, a core component of this invention. Figure 4 This illustrates a typical application of the smoke washing box, a core component of this invention. Figure 5 This invention represents a parallel processing solution for multiple emission sources in large systems such as canteens. Figure 6 This indicates a typical application of the present invention in small systems such as household range hoods, as shown in form 1. Figure 7 This indicates a typical application type 2 of the present invention in small systems such as household range hoods; Figure 8 This indicates that the invention is typically applied in small systems such as household range hoods, in type 3. Figure 9 This indicates that the present invention is typically applied in small systems such as household range hoods, in the following application form: 4. Figure 10 This indicates that the invention is typically applied in small systems such as household range hoods, in type 5. Figure 11 This indicates a typical application of the present invention in small systems such as household range hoods, as shown in form 6. Figure 12 This invention describes two typical types of exhaust hoods used in small systems such as household range hoods. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The implementation methods for large-scale systems are as follows: Because each ventilation system is unique, each system requires specialized design, construction, and commissioning, as detailed below: Determine the type of pollution source and the quantity that needs to be discharged; Determine the dimensions of the exhaust hood; Calculate the airflow distribution of the system and design the dimensions of the plenum chamber and jet diversion components; Calculate and design the dimensions of the static pressure box; calculate and draw the exhaust system diagram based on the actual site conditions, calculate the resistance, and select equipment such as fans; On-site fabrication and installation; Adjust parameters such as air volume until they meet the usage requirements.

[0018] The implementation method for small-scale systems is as follows: Different exhaust volumes are set according to the standard size of the places that require ventilation, such as kitchens, toilets and bathrooms, and warehouses in civil and household settings; Determine the dimensions of the exhaust hood or exhaust outlet; Calculate the airflow distribution of the system and design the outdoor fresh air flow distribution and the dimensions of the jet diversion components; Calculate the resistance and select appropriate equipment such as fans; The finalized product designs include household range hoods, bathroom and toilet ventilation systems, and warehouse exhaust systems, all designed to meet the needs of residential and household use.

[0019] The following is an example of exhaust fumes from canteens in large systems, such as those in government agencies and schools: Taking a commonly used gas-fired wok stove in a kitchen as an example, the main pollutant is cooking fumes. Due to thermal pressure, the fumes rise. Based on the dimensions of the wok stove, the following dimensions were calculated and determined: The exhaust hood parameters are calculated as shown in the table below:

[0020] The calculation of the sum of the required amount of oil fumes to be discharged and the amount of air to be drawn by the exhaust hood is shown in the table below:

[0021] The exhaust port parameters of the exhaust hood are calculated as shown in the table below:

[0022] The parameters of the jet drainage component are calculated as shown in the table below:

[0023] The performance calculations for the jet drainage components are shown in the table below:

[0024] The system air volume is calculated as shown in the table below:

[0025] Based on the above, it can be seen that the flow rate allocated to the pressurized blower for the jet drainage component is 500 m3 / h, the flow rate allocated to the exhaust hood is 1051.19 m3 / h, and the total exhaust volume of the exhaust fan is 2506.81 m3 / h. Determine the locations of the smoke collection box and liquid washing box, and determine their dimensions based on the available space; Draw the actual system diagram and calculate the resistance, and select the appropriate booster fan and exhaust fan based on the system equipment such as the air purifier; fabricate and install on-site; By adjusting the airflow regulating valve, the system airflow and pressure are adjusted to achieve the desired oil fume removal effect and balance. System material requirements: The material of the jet drainage component can be the same as that of the air duct, and the connection with the air duct should be fully welded to ensure tightness and firmness; the jet drainage component, fume hood, fume collection box, liquid washing box and the air duct connecting them should be made of stainless steel, which is corrosion resistant and easy to clean. The jet ventilation system according to the present invention can maintain an indoor negative pressure of around -30Pa and can save at least 1551.19 m3 / h of indoor air, accounting for 61.8%; it can effectively save energy and achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Claims

1. The core system scheme of the jet drainage ventilation system of the present invention is to use outdoor air to replace part of the indoor air to remove pollutants. If the same functional effect is achieved by the same means using the technical features of the present invention, it shall be deemed as equivalent infringement. The core system scheme, core key components and system accessories, typical applications and types of the jet drainage ventilation system of the present invention are all protected by patent rights.

2. The core components of the jet-guided exhaust system of the present invention are an exhaust hood, a jet-guided component, and a ventilator. The exhaust hood, as a core component, functions to collect pollutants and guide airflow from outdoor air, mixing, guiding, and capturing pollutants to the exhaust hood outlet. The exhaust hood can be constructed with an internal sealed cavity and an air outlet for transporting outdoor air, or it can be constructed separately or without a cavity to form the guiding airflow; however, regardless of the form, it is within the scope of protection of this claim. The jet-guided component, as a core component, functions as a key component for introducing fresh outdoor air and expelling pollutants. Whether using a tapered or constricted pipe method, its purpose is... The system is designed to inhale and rapidly remove pollutants; its shape can be adjusted according to specific circumstances, but in any case, it is within the scope of protection of this right; the ventilator, as a core key component, functions to pressurize and exhaust the pollutant mixture, and its specific selection may vary depending on different circumstances, possibly requiring only a pressurizing ventilator or an exhaust ventilator, or using other devices with similar functions, but in any case, it is within the scope of protection of this right; system accessories include ventilation ducts, air valves, regulating valves, static pressure boxes, and other ventilation system components, the location, quantity, and size of which are set according to the needs of the core system scheme and do not affect the validity of this protected right.

3. A typical application of the jet-guided exhaust system of the present invention is to use a pressurized ventilator to introduce outdoor air into the exhaust hood cavity and form a guiding airflow, which mixes, guides, and captures pollutants to the exhaust hood outlet. At the same time, a jet-guided component is used to introduce outdoor air, which forms a high-speed airflow at the exhaust hood outlet. Together with the exhaust ventilator, a certain negative pressure is formed at the exhaust hood opening to draw in pollutants. The high-speed jet airflow quickly carries the pollutants into the pipeline system, and the exhaust ventilator discharges the pollutants to the outside. Depending on the application scenario, the system may use only a pressurized ventilator or an exhaust ventilator or other similar equipment to achieve the above-mentioned pollutant emission scheme effect. No matter how it is adjusted, its core system scheme remains unchanged and is protected by this patent.

4. A typical scenario for a large-scale system is taking the exhaust fumes from a canteen in a government agency or school as an example. A typical exhaust system designed using this invention is as follows: Outdoor air is forced into the exhaust hood cavity by a pressurized fan and delivered from the vent to form a guided airflow. This airflow mixes, guides, and captures pollutants to the exhaust hood outlet. Simultaneously, the outdoor air supplied by the pressurized fan is subjected to a high-speed jet stream generated at the exhaust hood outlet by a jet guide component. Polluted air enters the exhaust hood opening and is quickly carried into the duct system. The polluted air undergoes preliminary filtration through a fume scrubbing box, is then transported through ducts to the purification equipment, and finally discharged into the atmosphere by the exhaust fan. In specific applications, the system components include a pressurized fan, air supply ducts, a plenum chamber, jet guide components, an exhaust hood, exhaust ducts, a fume scrubbing box, purification equipment, an exhaust fan, an airflow regulating valve, and ductwork. The attached system flow is as follows: outdoor air is pressurized by a booster fan and flows to the plenum box in the duct system. The outdoor air is then guided to the exhaust hood and the jet duct components. Some outdoor air is sent out from the vents near the exhaust hood, guiding and carrying pollutants to the exhaust hood outlet. At the same time, some outdoor air flows to the jet duct components to form a high-speed airflow. The polluted air in the exhaust hood is drawn in due to negative pressure, carried by the high-speed airflow and quickly discharged into the duct and into the fume washing box. The exhaust fan then purifies the pollutants before discharging them outdoors. For large systems such as the fume extraction systems of government agencies and school canteens, which have multiple stoves and multiple exhaust points, a parallel exhaust hood design can be used, with outdoor fresh air and jet duct components connected in parallel. However, depending on the specific circumstances, other methods such as series connection can also be used to achieve the required effect of the core solution.

5. The smoke washing box, as a component of the pollutant removal system, functions to slow down and gather polluted air. It is equipped with a washing liquid spraying device, as well as baffles, overflow devices, etc., to clean the polluted air through mechanical circulation of the washing liquid and discharge the liquid containing pollutants. It also serves as a fireproof isolation device. The washing liquid used can be different depending on the nature of different pollutants, or the shape can be changed, or it can be combined with other functional equipment, but its core function remains unchanged. In any case, it is protected by this patent.

6. Taking a household range hood as an example, the principle of a small system is to design and manufacture a product suitable for household use by utilizing the design and selection of components such as a pressurized fan, exhaust hood, jet guide component, and exhaust fan. The pressurized fan forces outdoor air into the cavity of the exhaust hood and sends it out through the vent to form a guided airflow, which mixes, guides, and captures pollutants to the exhaust hood outlet. At the same time, the outdoor air delivered by the pressurized fan passes through the jet guide component and generates a high-speed jet airflow at the exhaust hood outlet. The polluted air enters the exhaust hood opening and is quickly carried into the duct system, and finally the exhaust fan discharges the polluted air to the outside. Depending on the usage scenario, the exhaust hood may not have a cavity and does not require guided airflow. Depending on the usage scenario, an exhaust fan or supply fan may not be required. For ordinary exhaust systems, the exhaust hood can be replaced with an exhaust vent.

7. The application of the jet-guided exhaust system described in this invention specification, whether in large or small systems, represents a typical application of this invention. In different application scenarios, these components of this invention are specifically adjusted according to different application locations or types of pollutants, and their appearance, components, system composition, etc., will be adjusted. In the application scenario of household range hoods in residences, villas, etc., the system equipment of this invention is simplified and may only include a pressurized fan, an exhaust hood (which may not have a guiding airflow), corresponding pipes and accessories, etc., to meet the needs of household use and occasions with small exhaust volumes. Regardless of the adjustments, any standardized or unstandardized products designed, manufactured, produced, sold, or installed using the core system scheme or core key components of this invention constitute infringement.

8. This invention specification describes two aspects: large-scale systems (such as commercial catering, government and school canteens, laboratory ventilation, large space ventilation, industrial ventilation, etc.) and small-scale systems (such as household range hoods, room exhaust, etc.). In actual application, it is not limited to these two aspects. Any scenario in which this invention can be used is protected by this right. Typical application scenarios include residential kitchens, kitchen and canteen exhaust, warehouses or bathrooms, and other places that require ventilation, but are not limited to the above scenarios. This invention is applicable to any scenario where indoor pollutant emissions and ventilation are required.

9. The jet-flow ventilation system of the present invention can be automatically controlled by setting the outdoor fresh air pressure and flow rate, exhaust pipe pressure and flow rate, indoor negative pressure, etc. of each exhaust hood, and adjusting the parameters of the ventilator, air valve, etc., in a preset manner to achieve automatic adjustment.

10. Based on the above rights, if the same functional effect is achieved by substantially the same means using the technical features of this invention, it shall be deemed as equivalent infringement.

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