Battery real-time monitoring and scheduling method for battery swap cabinet

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of battery management, and more particularly to a real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries of a battery swap cabinet, which analyzes and evaluates the health state of the batteries according to a preset algorithm model, wherein the health state of the batteries is evaluated by comparing the comprehensive health score, the internal resistance change rate and the capacity attenuation rate with corresponding threshold values; the corresponding processing mode is determined based on the evaluation result, including: generating and sending abnormal alarm information to an operation and maintenance terminal, or performing an adjusting charging mode according to the remaining capacity state of the battery, or performing a protective charging mode according to the degradation degree of the battery, thereby accurately identifying abnormal batteries such as "the battery capacity may not be low but there is a safety hazard" in advance by actively evaluating the health state of the battery, so that targeted charging scheduling can be achieved. The present application realizes real-time monitoring and active protection of the health and safety state of the battery, thereby improving the operation efficiency under the premise of ensuring safety.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries of a battery swap cabinet. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, when the battery and battery swap technology are increasingly mature, employees in the express delivery and take-out industries often use the scheme of renting batteries from a battery swap cabinet to ensure that their electric vehicles can replace fully charged batteries at the battery swap cabinet and put the batteries with low power into the battery swap cabinet for charging. The battery swap cabinets distributed on the streets and the replaceable batteries greatly improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles and the convenience of battery swapping. However, the existing batteries and battery swap cabinets for the express delivery industry still have a relatively extensive management mode for battery charging and discharging and the life of the battery core, and the safety and intelligent management of the batteries are low, and the operation and maintenance cannot keep up, which easily leads to a chaotic and disordered use and management of the battery swap cabinets and the batteries.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113872271A discloses a charging machine resource scheduling method, system, battery swap cabinet, and storage medium. In the related technical solution, the residual capacity percentages of a plurality of batteries connected with the charging machine are obtained; the batteries include batteries to be charged and batteries with full capacity; the relationship between the residual capacity percentage of each battery to be charged and a first threshold is determined; if the residual capacity percentage of at least one battery to be charged is in a first interval, the battery to be charged corresponding to the minimum residual capacity percentage in the first interval is charged; and the first interval is a range less than or equal to the first threshold. Although the first charging scheduling based on the residual capacity is disclosed in the technical solution, it does not involve or solve the problem of safety monitoring of the batteries during charging and use. The scheduling based only on the capacity cannot identify the internal deterioration (increased internal resistance and attenuated active material) of the batteries, which easily leads to the safety hazard of 'normal capacity but high risk of thermal runaway', and the one-size-fits-all charging accelerates the damage to the life of the batteries. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries of a battery swap cabinet to overcome the problem that the existing technology cannot monitor the real-time health of the batteries, perform safety warning and health status scheduling, and thus leads to low safety and intelligence of the operation of the battery swap cabinet system and easy damage to the batteries.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries of a battery swap cabinet, which comprises:

[0006] The real-time running parameters of the batteries in the battery swap cabinet are collected by a battery monitoring device, wherein the running parameters include voltage, current, temperature, and corresponding collection time;

[0007] uploading the real-time operation parameters to a cloud server, the cloud server analyzing the real-time operation parameters according to a preset algorithm model to evaluate the health state of the battery, and determining whether to use the currently collected real-time operation parameters based on the contact resistance of the charging interface obtained by monitoring the battery swap cabinet;

[0008] If the cloud server determines that the battery is normal, performing an adjusting charging mode on the battery based on a comparison result of the remaining power percentage and a remaining power percentage threshold;

[0009] If the cloud server determines that the health state of the battery is in degradation, performing a protective charging mode on the battery based on a comparison result of the evaluation parameter and a corresponding threshold;

[0010] The preset algorithm model is configured to include,

[0011] The comprehensive health score is calculated based on voltage, current and temperature data, the internal resistance change rate is calculated based on voltage, current and time data of the battery when the load changes, and the capacity attenuation rate is calculated based on voltage, current and time data of the battery in a complete charging process.

[0012] The protective charging mode is associated with the type of evaluation parameter: when the battery is determined to be in degradation according to the comprehensive health score, the protective charging mode selects to reduce the charging current and limit the upper limit of charging; when the battery is determined to be in degradation according to the internal resistance change rate, the protective charging mode selects to reduce the charging current; when the battery is determined to be in degradation according to the capacity attenuation rate, the protective charging mode selects to reduce the charging current and prolong the charging time.

[0013] Further, the process of evaluating the health state of the battery based on the comparison result of the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold includes:

[0014] The voltage, current and temperature are normalized to obtain a voltage health score, a current health score and a temperature health score, respectively, and the comprehensive health score is calculated by weighted fusion of the voltage health score, the current health score and the temperature health score.

[0015] The comparison result of the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold is used to determine whether the battery is abnormal.

[0016] Further, the process of evaluating the health state of the battery based on the comparison result of the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold includes:

[0017] At the first time point and the second time point, the terminal voltage and the load current of the battery are collected respectively when the battery load changes, wherein the terminal voltage includes the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the load current includes the first load current and the second load current;

[0018] The DC internal resistance is calculated based on the terminal voltage and the load current, and the internal resistance change rate is calculated by comparing the DC internal resistance with the initial internal resistance or the historical internal resistance of the battery;

[0019] Based on the comparison result of the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold, it is determined whether the battery is abnormal.

[0020] Further, the process of evaluating the battery health state based on the comparison result of the capacity attenuation rate and the capacity attenuation rate threshold includes:

[0021] During the completion of a complete charging process of the battery, the charging time and the charging current from the starting voltage to the full voltage are recorded;

[0022] The actual charging capacity is calculated based on the charging time and the charging current, and the capacity attenuation rate is calculated by comparing the actual charging capacity with the nominal capacity of the battery;

[0023] Based on the comparison result of the capacity attenuation rate and the capacity attenuation rate threshold, it is determined whether the battery is abnormal.

[0024] Further, the contact resistance of the charging interface is obtained by the contact resistance monitoring module arranged in the battery swap cabinet;

[0025] The cloud server further verifies the credibility of the health state evaluation result obtained by analyzing based on the comparison result of the contact resistance of the charging interface and the contact resistance threshold, wherein,

[0026] If the contact resistance of the charging interface is greater than the contact resistance threshold, it is determined that the real-time operating parameters collected this time are invalid, and the last valid data is used for health state evaluation.

[0027] Further, the protective charging mode includes at least one of the following:

[0028] The charging current is reduced to a conservative current lower than the standard charging current for charging;

[0029] The upper limit of the charging current is limited, and the charging cutoff voltage is reduced to a conservative voltage lower than the full voltage;

[0030] The charging time is prolonged, and the charging time is prolonged at the end of the charging.

[0031] Further, the intensity of the protective charging mode is positively correlated with the degree of health state deterioration, wherein the more serious the degree of health state deterioration, the greater the reduction in the conservative current or the reduction in the conservative voltage or the extension of the charging time.

[0032] Further, the process of performing the adjusting charging mode comprises:

[0033] acquiring the percentage of remaining power of each normal battery;

[0034] comparing the percentage of remaining power with a percentage of remaining power threshold to determine the adjusting charging mode for the normal health state, wherein,

[0035] if the percentage of remaining power is less than or equal to the percentage of remaining power threshold, reducing the preset charging current based on a percentage of remaining power difference value, wherein the percentage of remaining power difference value is the difference between the percentage of remaining power threshold and the percentage of remaining power;

[0036] if the percentage of remaining power is greater than the percentage of remaining power threshold, increasing the preset charging current based on a percentage of remaining power offset value, wherein the percentage of remaining power offset value is the difference between the percentage of remaining power and the percentage of remaining power threshold.

[0037] Further, when the preset charging current is reduced,

[0038] periodically calculating the percentage of remaining power difference value, and reducing the preset charging current based on the comparison result between the percentage of remaining power difference value and a preset percentage of remaining power difference value, wherein the reduction in the preset charging current is positively correlated with the percentage of remaining power difference value;

[0039] when the preset charging current is increased,

[0040] periodically calculating the percentage of remaining power offset value, and increasing the preset charging current based on the comparison result between the percentage of remaining power offset value and a preset percentage of remaining power offset value, wherein the increase in the preset charging current is positively correlated with the percentage of remaining power offset value.

[0041] Further, it further comprises a remote monitoring step:

[0042] the cloud server pushes the health state, remaining power and alarm information of the battery to the user terminal application program;

[0043] the user views the information of the battery in the battery replacement cabinet in real time through the application program and makes a battery replacement reservation.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the battery real-time monitoring and scheduling method of the battery swap cabinet has the beneficial effects that the cloud server analyzes and evaluates the health state of the battery according to a preset algorithm model, wherein the algorithm model is configured to perform at least one step: comparing the comprehensive health score, the internal resistance change rate and the capacity attenuation rate with the corresponding threshold to evaluate the health state of the battery; determining the corresponding processing mode based on the evaluation result, including: generating and sending an abnormal alarm information to an operation and maintenance terminal, or performing an adjusting charging mode according to the remaining capacity state of the battery, or performing a protective charging mode according to the degradation degree of the battery, thereby accurately identifying the abnormal battery, for example, the battery with low power but with safety hazards, in advance, so as to realize targeted charging scheduling; when evaluating the health state of the battery, the evaluation process can also be assisted in judging according to the obtained charging interface contact resistance, thereby improving the evaluation accuracy. The present application realizes real-time monitoring and active protection of the health and safety state of the battery while scheduling and managing the battery of the battery swap cabinet, thereby improving the operation efficiency under the premise of safety.

[0045] Further, the present application also compares the multi-dimensional parameters of the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold, the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold, and the capacity attenuation rate and the capacity attenuation rate threshold, so as to accurately determine the health state of the battery, thereby adopting different charging scheduling strategies to prolong the service life of the battery pack as a whole and reduce the total operation cost.

[0046] Further, when the battery health state is determined to be normal, the present application can dynamically adjust the preset charging current in the adjusting charging mode based on the comparison result of the remaining capacity percentage and the remaining capacity percentage threshold, so as to minimize the risk of battery damage and maximize the charging throughput.

[0047] Further, when the battery health state is determined to be degraded, the present application can determine to adopt a preventive and protective protective charging mode based on the health state degradation degree and different evaluation parameters, so as to realize fine energy management and reduce the damage of the "sub-health" battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 The system module schematic diagram for implementing the battery real-time monitoring and scheduling method of the battery swap cabinet in the present application;

[0049] Figure 2 The flowchart of the battery real-time monitoring and scheduling method of the battery swap cabinet in the present application;

[0050] Figure 3 The flowchart of the comparison of the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold to evaluate the battery health state in the present application;

[0051] Figure 4 A flowchart for a process in the present application based on comparison of the charging interface contact resistance and the contact resistance threshold value to determine whether the currently collected real-time operating parameters are valid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and should not be used to limit the present application.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0054] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrally connected; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or internal communication of two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above-mentioned term in the present application according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it is a system module schematic diagram for implementing the battery real-time monitoring and scheduling method of the battery swap cabinet in the present embodiment. The system includes a battery swap cabinet, a plurality of batteries to be charged, a battery monitoring device, a cloud server, an operation and maintenance terminal, and a user terminal application. Among them, the battery monitoring device is used to collect real-time operating parameters of the plurality of batteries to be charged in the battery swap cabinet; the cloud server is connected with the battery monitoring device, the operation and maintenance terminal, and the battery swap cabinet respectively, to obtain the real-time operating parameters corresponding to each battery to be charged, and to analyze the real-time operating parameters according to a preset algorithm model to evaluate the health status of the battery, and to assist in determining according to the charging interface contact resistance obtained by monitoring the battery swap cabinet, and to generate an abnormal alarm information and transmit it to the operation and maintenance terminal when it is determined that the battery is abnormal, and to execute a protective charging mode when it is determined that the battery executes an adjusting charging mode or the health status is in deterioration.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it is a flowchart of the battery real-time monitoring and scheduling method of the battery swap cabinet in the present embodiment, which at least includes the following steps:

[0057] S1: collecting the real-time operating parameters corresponding to the plurality of batteries to be charged in the battery swap cabinet by the battery monitoring device, wherein the operating parameters include voltage, current, temperature, and the corresponding time when the operating parameters are collected;

[0058] S2: uploading the real-time operation parameters to a cloud server, the cloud server analyzing the real-time operation parameters according to a preset algorithm model to evaluate the health state of the battery, and determining whether to use the currently collected real-time operation parameters based on the contact resistance of the charging interface obtained by monitoring the battery swap cabinet;

[0059] S3: if the cloud server determines that the battery is normal, performing an adjusting charging mode on the battery based on a comparison result of the remaining power percentage and a remaining power percentage threshold;

[0060] S4: if the cloud server determines that the health state of the battery is in degradation, performing a protective charging mode on the battery based on a comparison result of the evaluation parameter and the corresponding threshold;

[0061] The preset algorithm model is configured to include at least one of the following,

[0062] S21: calculating a comprehensive health score in the evaluation parameter based on dynamic data of voltage, current and temperature, and evaluating the health state of the battery based on a comparison result of the comprehensive health score and a comprehensive health score threshold;

[0063] S22: calculating an internal resistance change rate in the evaluation parameter based on dynamic data of voltage, current and time corresponding to the battery under load change, and evaluating the health state of the battery based on a comparison result of the internal resistance change rate and an internal resistance change rate threshold;

[0064] S23: calculating a capacity attenuation rate in the evaluation parameter based on dynamic data of voltage, current and time corresponding to the battery in a complete charging process, and evaluating the health state of the battery based on a comparison result of the capacity attenuation rate and a capacity attenuation rate threshold.

[0065] In the embodiment, the battery monitoring device includes one or more of a voltage sensor, a current sensor and a temperature sensor; the contact resistance detection module includes a high-precision four-wire measurement circuit and a special contact impedance detection chip, and the battery swap cabinet is monitored by the contact resistance detection module before charging starts or during charging intervals to obtain the contact resistance of the charging interface.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 3 , which is a flowchart for evaluating the health state of the battery based on a comparison of the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold in the embodiment.

[0067] Specifically, in step S21, the process of evaluating the health state of the battery based on the comparison result of the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold includes:

[0068] The voltage, the current and the temperature are normalized to obtain a voltage health score, a current health score and a temperature health score respectively, and the comprehensive health score is calculated by weighting and fusing the voltage health score, the current health score and the temperature health score.

[0069] The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison result of the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold.

[0070] In the embodiment, a health function is defined for each parameter, which describes the mapping relationship between the parameter value and the health score, and the corresponding voltage health score or current health score or temperature health score is calculated based on the corresponding health function; the temperature health score is crucial to the battery life and safety, and the health function thereof is set as a "trapezoidal" or "peak" function, the best temperature interval has the highest score, and the score linearly decreases when deviating from the interval; the voltage health score mainly focuses on whether the voltage is in a safe and normal range, and the health function thereof is set as a "platform" function, the normal voltage range has a high score, and the score sharply decreases when the voltage is overvoltage or undervoltage; the current health score usually focuses on whether there is an abnormally large charging or discharging current, and the health function thereof is set as a "descending" function, the greater the absolute value of the current, the lower the score.

[0071] For example, the temperature health score is determined for a single lithium ion battery, the corresponding best upper limit of temperature is 35℃, the corresponding best lower limit of temperature is 15℃, the minimum allowable temperature is 0℃, and the maximum allowable temperature is 50℃, if the measured temperature is less than or equal to 0℃ or greater than or equal to 50℃, the temperature health score is 0; if the measured temperature ∈ [15℃, 35℃], the temperature health score is 100 (full score); if the measured temperature is greater than 35℃ and less than 50℃, the temperature health score linearly decreases from 100 to 0. For example, the voltage health score is determined for a single lithium ion battery, the corresponding normal lower limit of voltage is 3.2V, the corresponding normal upper limit of voltage is 4.2V, the critical undervoltage is 2.8V, and the critical overvoltage is 4.5V; if the measured voltage is less than or equal to 2.8V or greater than or equal to 4.5V, the voltage health score is 0; if the measured voltage ∈ [3.2V, 4.2V], the voltage health score is 100; if the measured voltage is greater than 4.2V and less than 4.5V, the voltage health score linearly decreases from 100 to 0. For example, the current health score is determined for a single lithium ion battery, the corresponding safe current is 1C rate (current of battery capacity value), and the critical dangerous current is 2C rate; if the measured current absolute value is greater than or equal to 2C, the current health score is 0; if the measured current absolute value ∈ [0, 1C], the current health score is 100; if the current absolute value is greater than 1C and less than 2C, the current health score linearly decreases from 100 to 0.

[0072] Therefore, normal range thresholds and critical thresholds can be preset for each battery parameter (including voltage, current, and temperature). When the parameter value is within the normal range threshold, its corresponding single-item health score is full; when the parameter value exceeds the normal range threshold but does not reach the critical threshold, its corresponding single-item health score drops linearly from full to zero; when the parameter value reaches or exceeds the critical threshold, its corresponding single-item health score is zero.

[0073] In this embodiment, according to the formula Calculate the comprehensive health score ,in, , as well as These are the weighting coefficients for voltage, current, and temperature, respectively. , , These are respectively the voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score, among which... Then set a comprehensive health score. Corresponding comprehensive health score threshold Based on the comprehensive health score With comprehensive health score threshold The comparison results are used to assess the battery's health status and determine if any abnormalities have occurred. Multiple experiments are conducted on different battery models, and subsequent thresholds are determined by combining historical analysis data and industry standards.

[0074] It should be noted that the weighted fusion algorithm described in this invention is technically sound based on the inherent physical correlation between various parameters of the battery system. In practical applications, the battery's voltage, current, and temperature are not completely independent variables, but rather mutually coupled and influential. This invention addresses this by setting parameter veto items or minimum individual threshold values, such as explicitly specifying 'when any individual health score...' , , When the score is below the corresponding preset absolute threshold, regardless of the overall health score Anything that is too high is directly judged as abnormal, and the inherent correlation between the above parameters is sufficient to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation results.

[0075] In one specific embodiment, to more accurately assess the health status of the battery, a comprehensive health score threshold can be used. Classified as the first comprehensive health score threshold Second comprehensive health score threshold For example, a first comprehensive health score threshold is set. A score of 60 is the second comprehensive health score threshold. A score of 80, based on a comprehensive health score. with the first comprehensive health score threshold value with the second comprehensive health score threshold value The process of comparison to evaluate the battery health status includes:

[0076] If yes , it is determined that the battery is abnormal, the cloud server generates an 'emergency failure' alarm and sends it to the operation and maintenance terminal, and at the same time, before the battery is taken back, it is locked in the battery swap cabinet as a disabled state to prevent users from swapping; if , it is determined that the health status of the battery is in degradation, the cloud server sends a'maintenance reminder' information to the operation and maintenance platform, and marks the state of the battery in the system as'sub-health', executes the protective charging mode, and suggests the operation and maintenance personnel to replace it in priority to realize predictive maintenance; if , it is determined that the battery is healthy, and the adjustment charging mode is executed according to the remaining capacity state of the battery.

[0077] It can be understood that the above-mentioned comprehensive health score threshold value can be adjusted within a reasonable range according to different battery types, such as lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium, operating cost, and service level agreement, etc. For example, the first comprehensive health score threshold value (the sub-health / abnormal boundary) can be selected in (50 points, 70 points], and the second comprehensive health score threshold value (the health / sub-health boundary) can be selected in (70 points, 85 points].

[0078] Specifically, in step S22, the process of evaluating the battery health status based on the comparison result of the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold value includes:

[0079] When the load of the battery changes, the terminal voltage and the load current of the battery are collected at the first time point and the second time point respectively, wherein the terminal voltage includes the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the load current includes the first load current and the second load current;

[0080] The direct current internal resistance is calculated based on the terminal voltage and the load current, and the internal resistance change rate is calculated by comparing the direct current internal resistance with the initial internal resistance or the historical internal resistance of the battery;

[0081] Based on the comparison result of the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold value, it is determined whether the battery is abnormal.

[0082] In this embodiment, the collection of terminal voltage and load current is performed when the load changes caused by charging or discharging of the battery, the first terminal voltage and the first load current correspond to the first time point, and the second terminal voltage and the second load current correspond to the second time point. The voltage change amount between the first time point and the second time point is calculated and the current change amount , and then the DC internal resistance R is calculated according to the formula , and then the internal resistance change rate is calculated according to the formula , wherein, is the initial internal resistance set by the battery factory or the historical internal resistance calculated last time; and an internal resistance change rate threshold value corresponding to the internal resistance change rate is set , and the health state of the battery is evaluated and it is determined whether the battery is abnormal according to the comparison result of the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold value .

[0083] In a specific embodiment, in order to more accurately evaluate the health state of the battery, the internal resistance change rate threshold value may be divided into a first internal resistance change rate threshold value and a second internal resistance change rate threshold value , which are exemplarily set as 18% and 50%, and the process of comparing the internal resistance change rate with the first internal resistance change rate threshold value and the second internal resistance change rate threshold value to evaluate the health state of the battery includes:

[0084] If yes , it is determined that the battery is normal, and an adjusting charging mode is executed according to the remaining power state of the battery; if yes , it is determined that the health state of the battery is in deterioration, the cloud server sends a ‘maintenance reminder’ information to the operation and maintenance platform, and marks the state of the battery in the system as ‘sub-health’, executes a protective charging mode, and suggests that the operation and maintenance personnel replace the battery in priority to realize predictive maintenance; if yes , it is determined that the battery is abnormal, the cloud server generates an ‘emergency fault’ alarm and sends it to the operation and maintenance terminal, and at the same time, locks the battery as a disabled state in the battery swap cabinet before the battery is taken back, to prevent the user from taking it.

[0085] It can be understood that the above internal resistance change rate threshold value can be adjusted within a reasonable range according to different battery types (such as lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium), application scenarios and requirements, for example, the first internal resistance change rate threshold value (health threshold value) can be selected from (15%, 35%], and the second internal resistance change rate threshold value (fault threshold value) can be selected from (40%, 60%].

[0086] ​​Specifically, in step S23, the process of evaluating the battery health state based on the comparison result of the capacity fade rate and the capacity fade rate threshold value includes:

[0087] During a complete charging process of the battery, the charging time and the charging current from the starting voltage to the full voltage are recorded;

[0088] The actual charging capacity is calculated based on the charging time and the charging current, and the capacity fade rate is calculated by comparing the actual charging capacity with the nominal capacity of the battery;

[0089] Based on the comparison result of the capacity fade rate and the capacity fade rate threshold value, it is determined whether the battery is abnormal.

[0090] In this embodiment, the charging time and the charging current are calculated, and then the actual charging capacity is calculated according to the formula , and the capacity fade rate is calculated according to the formula , wherein, is the nominal capacity of the battery; then a capacity fade rate threshold value corresponding to the capacity fade rate is set, and the comparison result of the capacity fade rate and the capacity fade rate threshold value is used to evaluate the health state of the battery and determine whether the battery is abnormal.

[0091] In a specific embodiment, in order to more accurately evaluate the health state of the battery, the capacity fade rate threshold value may be divided into a first capacity fade rate threshold value and a second capacity fade rate threshold value , for example, the first capacity fade rate threshold value is set to 60%, and the second capacity fade rate threshold value is set to 80%, and the comparison of the capacity fade rate with the first capacity fade rate threshold value and the second capacity fade rate threshold value is used to evaluate the health state of the battery, which includes:

[0092] If yes , it is determined that the battery is abnormal, the cloud server generates an 'emergency failure' alarm and sends it to the operation and maintenance terminal, and at the same time, before the battery is taken back, it is locked in the battery replacement cabinet as a disabled state to prevent users from replacing it; if no If the battery's health is deteriorating and its capacity has significantly decreased, but it is still usable, the cloud server will send a 'maintenance reminder' message to the operations and maintenance management platform and mark the battery's status in the system as 'sub-healthy,' executing a protective charging method and recommending that operations and maintenance personnel prioritize replacement to achieve predictive maintenance; if... If the battery is determined to be normal, an adjustable charging method will be executed based on the remaining battery power.

[0093] Understandably, the aforementioned capacity degradation rate thresholds can be adjusted within a reasonable range based on different battery types, such as lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium, application scenarios, and requirements. For example, the first capacity degradation rate threshold... The (anomaly detection threshold) can be selected from (50%, 70%), and the second capacity decay rate threshold is... The degradation warning threshold can be selected from (70%, 85%).

[0094] Please see Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the process in this embodiment for determining the validity of currently collected real-time operating parameters based on a comparison between the charging interface contact resistance and a contact resistance threshold. Specifically, in step S2, the charging interface contact resistance is obtained through the contact resistance monitoring module configured in the battery swapping cabinet.

[0095] The cloud server also verifies the credibility of the health status assessment results obtained from the analysis based on the comparison results of the charging interface contact resistance and the contact resistance threshold. If the charging interface contact resistance is greater than the contact resistance threshold, the real-time operating parameters collected this time are determined to be invalid, and the previous valid data is used for health status assessment.

[0096] In this embodiment, the contact resistance detection module is connected to the charging interface and configured to apply a test current. It calculates the contact resistance by measuring the voltage drop across the contacts during charging and combining this with the charging current. A contact resistance threshold F0 corresponding to the charging interface contact resistance F is set. The process of comparing the charging interface contact resistance F with the contact resistance threshold F0 to verify the reliability is as follows:

[0097] If F is less than or equal to F0, it indicates that the battery charging contacts are making normal contact with the battery swapping cabinet contacts, and the real-time operating parameters collected this time are valid data. If F is greater than F0, it indicates that the contact resistance of the detected battery compartment is abnormally increased, which will cause the voltage reading to rise abnormally during charging. Therefore, the real-time operating parameters currently monitored are abnormal, and the real-time operating parameters collected this time are determined to be invalid. The real-time operating parameters collected last time are used as valid data for health status assessment.

[0098] Specifically, in step S4, the protective charging mode includes:

[0099] reducing the charging current to charge at a conservative current lower than the standard charging current;

[0100] limiting the charging upper limit to reduce the charging cutoff voltage to a conservative voltage lower than the full-charge voltage;

[0101] extending the charging time to extend the charging time at the end of the charging;

[0102] Preferably, if the battery is determined to be deteriorated according to the comprehensive health score, the protective charging mode selects to reduce the charging current and limit the charging upper limit;

[0103] If the battery is determined to be deteriorated according to the internal resistance change rate, the protective charging mode selects to reduce the charging current;

[0104] If the battery is determined to be deteriorated according to the capacity attenuation rate, the protective charging mode selects to reduce the charging current and extend the charging time.

[0105] Wherein, the internal resistance change rate determines the deterioration to select to reduce the charging current, because the increase of internal resistance leads to the increase of charging and discharging heat power (I²R), and reducing the charging current can directly inhibit the temperature rise and avoid the risk of thermal runaway.

[0106] Comprehensive health score is a multi-dimensional comprehensive index that considers voltage, current and temperature. When the battery is determined to be deteriorated based on the comprehensive health score , it usually means that the battery has complex and systematic aging, rather than a single fault. At this time, reducing the charging current and limiting the charging upper limit can maintain the positive and negative electrode materials in a more stable electrochemical window, greatly extending the cycle life of the battery and improving safety.

[0107] When the battery is determined to be deteriorated based on the internal resistance change rate, it mainly warns of the decrease of the battery's "conduction ability" and the increase of the "heat tendency", reflecting the situation that the internal ion and electron conduction path of the battery is blocked. At this time, reducing the charging current can greatly reduce the ohmic heat and improve the charging effectiveness.

[0108] When the battery is determined to be deteriorated based on the capacity attenuation rate , the positive active material (such as LiCoO2) of the battery falls off and the lithium ion insertion channel decreases. At this time, reducing the charging current and extending the charging time can make lithium ions more uniformly embedded in the remaining active sites, thereby extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0109] In this embodiment, if the current battery health is determined to be deteriorating, a protective charging method different from the charging strategy for normal batteries should be adopted to extend the battery's lifespan and ensure safety. In this protective charging method, a comprehensive health score is used... When determining battery degradation, simultaneously reducing both the charging current and the charging limit is chosen to protect the battery from both current and voltage perspectives, maximizing the safety margin; based on the rate of change of internal resistance... When determining battery degradation, reduce the charging current to fundamentally reduce heat generation, prevent overheating, and alleviate internal stress; based on the capacity decay rate... When battery degradation is determined, a gentler charging method that simultaneously reduces charging current and extends charging time is chosen, as it is more suitable for the chemical characteristics of aging batteries and slows down capacity decay. Users are given priority access to fully charged, healthy batteries, while degraded batteries are used as backup backups.

[0110] Specifically, the intensity of the protective charging method is positively correlated with the degree of health status deterioration. The more severe the health status deterioration, the greater the reduction in conservative current, the reduction in conservative voltage, or the extension of charging time.

[0111] In this embodiment, different evaluation parameters are used, including comprehensive health scores. Rate of change of internal resistance and capacity decay rate Different charging strategies and amplitude adjustment settings are available for protective charging methods. The standard charging current is a rated current value when using protective charging methods, and the standard full-charge voltage is a rated voltage value when using protective charging methods. Both are related to the rated capacity of the battery. For example, the standard charging current is set to 1.5A and the standard full-charge voltage is set to 4.2V.

[0112] For example, if based on a comprehensive health score When determining battery degradation, for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 0.7A, and the standard full-charge voltage is reduced to a conservative voltage of 3.75V; for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.1A, and the standard full-charge voltage is reduced to a conservative voltage of 4.05V; for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.3A, and the standard full-charge voltage is reduced to a conservative voltage of 4.15V.

[0113] For example, if based on the rate of change of internal resistance When determining battery degradation, for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.35A; for When the battery is deteriorated, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.0 A; for When the battery is deteriorated, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 0.75 A, and the charging time is extended by 10 minutes at the end of the charging period by changing to a trickle current or a pulse current; for

[0114] For example, if the capacity decay rate is less than or equal to 0.5%, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.0 A; for When the battery is deteriorated, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.0 A; for When the battery is deteriorated, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 0.75 A, and the charging time is extended by 10 minutes at the end of the charging period by changing to a trickle current or a pulse current; for When the battery is deteriorated, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.08 A, and the charging time is extended by 7 minutes; for When the battery is deteriorated, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.25 A, and the charging time is extended by 4 minutes.

[0115] Specifically, in step S3, the process of the adjusting charging mode includes:

[0116] Obtaining the percentage of the remaining capacity of each normal battery;

[0117] Comparing the percentage of the remaining capacity with the percentage of the remaining capacity threshold to determine the adjusting charging mode of the normal health state, wherein,

[0118] If the percentage of the remaining capacity is less than or equal to the percentage of the remaining capacity threshold, the preset charging current is reduced based on the percentage of the remaining capacity difference value, wherein the percentage of the remaining capacity difference value is the difference between the percentage of the remaining capacity threshold and the percentage of the remaining capacity;

[0119] If the percentage of the remaining capacity is greater than the percentage of the remaining capacity threshold, the preset charging current is increased based on the percentage of the remaining capacity offset value, wherein the percentage of the remaining capacity offset value is the difference between the percentage of the remaining capacity and the percentage of the remaining capacity threshold.

[0120] In this embodiment, when charging the normal battery, the corresponding adjusting charging mode can be determined based on the comparison result of the percentage of the remaining capacity M and the corresponding percentage of the remaining capacity threshold M0, and M0 is set to 60% for example. The process of determining the adjusting charging mode by comparing M and M0 is as follows:

[0121] If M is less than or equal to M0, the preset charging current is reduced to prevent excessive charging current from damaging the current battery, which conforms to the principle of safety first; if M is greater than M0, the preset charging current is increased to quickly convert into a "full battery" that can be used to participate in the battery replacement service, thereby improving the operation efficiency of the entire battery replacement cabinet.

[0122] Specifically, when it is determined that the preset charging current needs to be reduced, the residual capacity percentage difference value is periodically calculated, and the preset charging current is reduced based on a comparison result of the residual capacity percentage difference value and a preset residual capacity percentage difference value, wherein a reduction amplitude of the preset charging current is in a positive correlation with the residual capacity percentage difference value; when it is determined that the preset charging current needs to be increased, the residual capacity percentage offset value is periodically calculated, and the preset charging current is increased based on a comparison result of the residual capacity percentage offset value and a preset residual capacity percentage offset value, wherein an increase amplitude of the preset charging current is in a positive correlation with the residual capacity percentage offset value.

[0123] In the embodiment, the residual capacity percentage difference value Q is a difference between the residual capacity percentage threshold M0 and the residual capacity percentage M, and the residual capacity percentage M is smaller when the residual capacity percentage difference value Q is larger. Because the current battery has a low capacity, the battery is first activated and protected by using a small current, and then the current is increased after the voltage rises. Therefore, the preset charging current needs to be smaller in a reasonable range, and the preset charging current is gradually increased after the residual capacity percentage M increases.

[0124] The residual capacity percentage offset value W is a difference between the residual capacity percentage M and the residual capacity percentage threshold M0, and the residual capacity percentage M is larger when the residual capacity percentage offset value W is larger. Because the battery has a high capacity, the battery can withstand a larger current, and thus the battery is filled as soon as possible. Therefore, the preset charging current needs to be larger in a reasonable range.

[0125] The preset charging current is a rated current value when an adjusting charging mode is used, and is associated with a rated capacity of the battery. The preset charging current I0 can be set to 2.5 A for example.

[0126] In a specific embodiment, in order to more accurately determine the reduction amplitude of the preset charging current I0, the preset residual capacity percentage difference value Q0 can be divided into a first preset residual capacity percentage difference value Q1 and a second preset residual capacity percentage difference value Q2. For example, Q1 is set to 10%, and Q2 is set to 20%. The process of comparing the residual capacity percentage difference value Q with the first preset residual capacity percentage difference value Q1 and the second preset residual capacity percentage difference value Q2 to determine the reduction amplitude of the preset charging current is as follows:

[0127] If Q is less than or equal to Q1, the original I0 is maintained. If Q is greater than Q1 and less than or equal to Q2, the original I0 is reduced by 15%. If Q is greater than Q2, the original I0 is reduced by 30%. It can be understood that the reduction amplitude can also be set to other reasonable values. For example, when Q is greater than Q2, the reduction amplitude is set to 35%.

[0128] In a specific embodiment, in order to more accurately determine the increase range of the preset charging current I0, the preset residual current percentage offset value W0 can be divided into a first preset residual current percentage offset value W1 and a second preset residual current percentage offset value W2, for example, W1 = 15%, W2 = 25%, and the process of comparing the residual current percentage offset value W with the first preset residual current percentage offset value W1 and the second preset residual current percentage offset value W2 to determine the increase range of the preset charging current is as follows:

[0129] If W is less than or equal to W1, the original I0 is maintained; if W is greater than W1 and less than or equal to W2, the original I0 is increased by 20%; if W is greater than W2, the original I0 is increased by 40%. It can be understood that the increase range can also be set to other reasonable values, for example, when W is greater than W2, the increase range is set to 45%.

[0130] Specifically, it further includes a remote monitoring step S5:

[0131] The cloud server pushes the health status, residual capacity and alarm information of the battery to the user terminal application program; the user views the information of the battery in the battery replacement cabinet in real time through the application program and makes a battery replacement reservation.

[0132] It can be understood that the information pushing in the above step S5 and the user terminal application program can be realized in any way in the prior art as long as they have the above functions, and details are not repeated here.

[0133] According to the test based on the charging interface contact resistance verification given in the embodiment, and the experimental data of the test based only on the power scheduling and the test based on the no charging interface contact resistance verification are as shown in Table 1.

[0134] Table 1: Comparison of experimental data of embodiments

[0135]

[0136] From Table 1, it can be clearly seen that the application ensures that the real-time operation parameter accuracy is improved to more than 95% through the "contact resistance verification", and provides a reliable data basis for three-dimensional evaluation parameters; through the "targeted charging strategy", the service life of the degraded battery is extended by 15%-20%, and at the same time, the supply efficiency of the full battery is improved by 20%, achieving the balance of safety and efficiency.

[0137] The technologies not mentioned in the above embodiments are applicable to the prior art.

[0138] It can be understood that any one of the preset parameters or critical parameters in the embodiments of the present application is not specifically limited, and the above values are not limited thereto. A person skilled in the art can adjust the preset parameters or critical parameters according to actual needs or analysis of historical data or equipment usage.

[0139] So far, the technical solutions of the present application have been described in combination with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but a person skilled in the art can easily understand that the protection scope of the present application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. A person skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or replacements to the related technical features without deviating from the principles of the present application, and the technical solutions after the changes or replacements will fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring and scheduling of batteries in a battery swapping cabinet, characterized in that, include: Real-time operating parameters of the batteries in the battery swapping cabinet are collected by battery monitoring equipment. These operating parameters include voltage, current, temperature, and the corresponding acquisition time. The real-time operating parameters are uploaded to the cloud server. The cloud server analyzes the real-time operating parameters according to a preset algorithm model to assess the health status of the battery, and determines whether to use the currently collected real-time operating parameters based on the contact resistance of the charging interface obtained by monitoring the battery swapping cabinet. If the cloud server determines that the battery is normal, it will perform an adjustable charging method on the battery based on the comparison result between the remaining power percentage and the remaining power percentage threshold. If the cloud server determines that the battery's health is deteriorating, it will perform a protective charging method on the battery based on the comparison results of the evaluation parameters and the corresponding thresholds. The preset algorithm model is configured to include, A comprehensive health score is calculated based on voltage, current, and temperature data; the internal resistance change rate is calculated based on voltage, current, and time data of the battery under load changes; and the capacity decay rate is calculated based on voltage, current, and time data of the battery during a complete charge. The protective charging method is associated with the evaluation parameter type: when the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the comprehensive health score, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current and limit the upper limit of charging; when the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the internal resistance change rate, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current; when the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the capacity decay rate, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current and extend the charging time.

2. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of assessing battery health status based on the comparison between the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold includes: The voltage, current, and temperature collected in real time are normalized to obtain voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score, respectively. The comprehensive health score is obtained by weighted fusion calculation of the voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold.

3. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of assessing battery health based on the comparison between the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold includes: When the battery load changes, the battery terminal voltage and load current are collected at the first time point and the second time point, respectively. The terminal voltage includes the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the load current includes the first load current and the second load current. The DC internal resistance is calculated based on the terminal voltage and the load current, and the rate of change of internal resistance is obtained by calculating the DC internal resistance with the initial internal resistance or historical internal resistance of the battery. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold.

4. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of assessing battery health based on the comparison between the capacity decay rate and the capacity decay rate threshold includes: During the process of the battery completing one full charge, the charging time and charging current from the initial voltage to full voltage are recorded. The actual charging capacity is calculated based on the charging time and the charging current, and the capacity decay rate is calculated by comparing the actual charging capacity with the nominal capacity of the battery. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the capacity decay rate and the capacity decay rate threshold.

5. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact resistance of the charging interface is obtained through the contact resistance monitoring module configured in the battery swapping cabinet; The cloud server also verifies the credibility of the health status assessment results obtained from the analysis based on the comparison between the charging interface contact resistance and the contact resistance threshold. If the contact resistance of the charging interface is greater than the contact resistance threshold, the real-time operating parameters collected this time are determined to be invalid, and the previous valid data is used for health status assessment.

6. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective charging method includes: Reduce the charging current to a conservative current lower than the standard charging current; Limit the upper limit of charging by lowering the charging cut-off voltage to a conservative voltage that is lower than the full charge voltage; Extend the charging time, especially towards the end of the charging process.

7. The real-time battery monitoring and scheduling method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intensity of the protective charging method is positively correlated with the degree of health status deterioration. Specifically, the more severe the health status deterioration, the greater the reduction in conservative current, the reduction in conservative voltage, or the extension of charging time.

8. The real-time battery monitoring and scheduling method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing the aforementioned adjustable charging method includes: Obtain the remaining power percentage of each normal battery; The adjustable charging method, which determines a normal health status by comparing the remaining battery percentage with a remaining battery percentage threshold, wherein... If the remaining battery percentage is less than or equal to the remaining battery percentage threshold, the preset charging current is reduced based on the difference in the remaining battery percentage, wherein the difference in the remaining battery percentage is the difference between the remaining battery percentage threshold and the remaining battery percentage. If the remaining battery percentage is greater than the remaining battery percentage threshold, the preset charging current is increased based on the remaining battery percentage offset value, wherein the remaining battery percentage offset value is the difference between the remaining battery percentage and the remaining battery percentage threshold.

9. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the preset charging current is reduced, The remaining power percentage difference is periodically calculated, and the preset charging current is reduced based on the comparison result between the remaining power percentage difference and the preset remaining power percentage difference. The reduction of the preset charging current is positively correlated with the remaining power percentage difference. When the preset charging current is increased The remaining battery percentage offset value is periodically calculated, and the preset charging current is increased based on the comparison result between the remaining battery percentage offset value and the preset remaining battery percentage offset value. The increase in the preset charging current is positively correlated with the remaining battery percentage offset value.

10. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes remote monitoring steps: The cloud server pushes the battery's health status, remaining power, and alarm information to the user's terminal application. Users can view the battery information in the battery swapping cabinet in real time and make battery swapping appointments through the application.

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