Hybrid solid-state circuit breaker
By increasing the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch, the problems of long current commutation time and low reliability of hybrid solid-state circuit breakers are solved, achieving faster and more reliable current commutation, simplifying circuit design, and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410672828.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing hybrid solid-state circuit breakers suffer from problems such as long commutation time, high cost, and low reliability during current commutation, especially the risk of current commutation failure due to inductance mismatch between the mechanical contactor branch and the power semiconductor branch.
By increasing the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch to be greater than that of the power semiconductor branch, the arc voltage of the mechanical contactor branch is used to naturally commutate the current to the power semiconductor branch, simplifying the current commutation process and reducing the commutation time.
It effectively reduces current commutation time, lowers power loss during commutation, and improves the reliability and commutation efficiency of hybrid solid-state circuit breakers, without requiring additional complex hardware circuitry.
Smart Images
Figure CN121034869A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of circuit breakers, and in particular to a hybrid solid state circuit breaker. BACKGROUND
[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present application and can not necessarily constitute prior art.
[0003] A hybrid solid state circuit breaker (HSSCB) is an integrated solution of mechanical contactors and power semiconductors. The HSSCB combines the low conduction losses of mechanical contactors and the fast switching of power semiconductors. The HSSCB includes a mechanical contactor branch, a power semiconductor branch and an energy absorber branch connected in parallel. When a fault occurs, the current needs to be commutated from the mechanical contactor branch to the power semiconductor branch, and the current commutation time affects the performance of the HSSCB. SUMMARY
[0004] Based on the above problems of the prior art, the present application provides a hybrid solid state circuit breaker, including a mechanical contactor branch, a power semiconductor branch and an energy absorber branch connected in parallel, wherein the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is greater than the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch.
[0005] In one embodiment, the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is greater than 10 times, 100 times or 1000 times the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch.
[0006] In one embodiment, the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch includes an inherent inductance from the circuit layout and an added additional inductance or only includes the inherent inductance from the circuit layout.
[0007] In one embodiment, the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch includes an added additional inductance, and the added additional inductance is greater than 0 and less than 1 μH.
[0008] In one embodiment, the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is greater than the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch by configuring the circuit layout to increase the inherent inductance.
[0009] In one embodiment, the hybrid solid state circuit breaker is located between a main circuit input end and a main circuit output end, and the main circuit input end and the main circuit output end are closer to the power semiconductor than to the mechanical contactor.
[0010] In one embodiment, the main circuit input end and the main circuit output end are directly connected across the power semiconductor on the circuit layout.
[0011] In one embodiment, the mechanical contactor is a vacuum interrupter or an air circuit breaker, the power semiconductor is an insulated gate bipolar transistor, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, an integrated gate-commutated thyristor or a series and / or parallel connection thereof, and the energy absorber is a metal oxide varistor, a transient voltage suppression diode, an RC circuit consisting of a resistor and a capacitor, an RCD circuit consisting of a resistor, a capacitor and a diode, or a series and / or parallel connection thereof.
[0012] In one embodiment, the hybrid solid state circuit breaker further comprises:
[0013] a mechanical contactor driver for driving the mechanical contactor;
[0014] a power semiconductor driver for driving the power semiconductor; and
[0015] a controller for controlling the mechanical contactor driver and the power semiconductor driver based on the main circuit current and the current zero crossing of the mechanical contactor branch.
[0016] In one embodiment, the hybrid solid state circuit breaker further comprises:
[0017] a sensor for detecting the main circuit current and determining the current zero crossing of the mechanical contactor branch. The hybrid solid state circuit breaker of the present application greatly reduces the current commutation time by increasing the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch to be greater than the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch. Meanwhile, the hybrid solid state circuit breaker of the present application is simple in design and does not need to add additional active circuits and devices, and it can be extended to various hybrid solid state circuit breakers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a hybrid solid state circuit breaker of one embodiment.
[0019] Figure 2 shows Figure 1 a hybrid solid state circuit breaker of a graph of the current of each branch of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker of
[0020] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a hybrid solid state circuit breaker according to one embodiment of the present application.
[0021] Figure 4 shows Figure 3 a hybrid solid state circuit breaker of a graph of the current of each branch of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker of
[0022] Figure 5 shows a flowchart of a control method for the hybrid solid state circuit breaker shown in Figure 3
[0023] Figure 6A schematic diagram of a hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is increased by adding an additional inductor.
[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is increased by designing the circuit layout.
[0025] Figure 8 Experimental results using the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker of the present invention are shown. Detailed Implementation
[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments given in this invention are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.
[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to one embodiment is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker 100 is connected between the main input terminal DC+ and the main output terminal DC-, and includes a mechanical contactor branch 101, a power semiconductor branch 102, and an energy absorber branch 103 connected in parallel. The mechanical contactor branch 101 includes a mechanical contactor 104, which can be, for example, a vacuum interrupter, an air circuit breaker, or other contactors that trip the circuit using arc voltage. The power semiconductor branch 102 includes a power semiconductor 105, which can be, for example, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), an integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT), or a combination of these devices (e.g., series and / or parallel). The energy absorber branch 103 includes an energy absorber 106, which may be, for example, a metal oxide rheostat (MOV), a transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS), an RC circuit consisting of resistors and capacitors, an RCD circuit consisting of resistors, capacitors and diodes, or a combination of these devices and circuits (e.g., in series and / or in parallel).
[0028] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 The graph shows the current in each branch of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker changing over time when it is disconnected. Combined with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 I line For the main circuit current of the line where the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker 100 is located, I ms For the current in the mechanical contactor branch 101, I ps For the current of the power semiconductor branch 102, and Iea This is the current in the energy absorber branch 103.
[0029] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 During time 0-t0, the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker operates normally, mechanical contactor 104 is closed, and it conducts the rated current for normal operation; during time t0, a short-circuit fault occurs in the main circuit, and the main circuit current I... line The current rises rapidly; at time t1, the current sensor on the main line ( Figure 1 (Not shown in the image) detected a fault current exceeding a threshold, and the controller ( Figure 1 (Not shown) A trip command is issued to the mechanical contactor 104 to open the circuit; at any time before time t2 (i.e., the time when the arc voltage will occur at the start of opening), an on command is issued to the power semiconductor 105; at time t2, the mechanical contactor 104 begins to open after a delay of time t1-t2; between time t2 and t3, the arc voltage of the mechanical contactor 104 causes the current to switch from the mechanical contactor branch 101 to the power semiconductor branch 102; at time t3, the current switching is completed; at time t4, the power semiconductor 105 is turned off, the energy absorber branch 103 operates, absorbs the short-circuit energy, reduces the fault current to zero, and the main circuit is disconnected.
[0030] Hybrid solid-state circuit breakers typically employ two different current commutation methods. One method utilizes a direct (natural) commutation method with a small arc voltage (such as...). Figure 2 (As shown), another method is the indirect commutation method using passive or active auxiliary circuits. Existing indirect current commutation methods are very complex because they require additional auxiliary circuits or load switching to ensure effective commutation of fault current from the mechanical contactor branch to the power semiconductor branch, which increases system cost and reduces reliability. Direct commutation methods are relatively cost-effective and easy to design, utilizing the small arc voltage inherent in the mechanical contactor tripping of the mechanical contactor branch to commutate fault current to the power semiconductor branch.
[0031] Because the opening speed of the mechanical contactor branch is relatively low, the peak fault current is very large. If the voltage across the power semiconductor is higher than the arc voltage of the mechanical contactor under the peak fault current, current commutation may fail. It is generally believed that the commutation time is directly proportional to the peak fault current and positively correlated with the stray inductance from the mechanical contactor branch to the power semiconductor branch. That is, the larger the fault current and the larger the commutation circuit inductance, the longer the current commutation time and the greater the commutation power loss, which is detrimental to the mechanical contactor. The stray inductance refers to the inherent inductance from the hardware circuit layout.
[0032] However, the inventors discovered that appropriately increasing the equivalent inductance (i.e., its total inductance) of the mechanical contactor branch to make it greater than the equivalent inductance (i.e., its total inductance) of the power semiconductor branch not only does not increase the current commutation time, but actually reduces it.
[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 As shown, the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker 300 is connected between the main input terminal DC+ and the main output terminal DC-, i.e., between node N1 and node N2. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker 300 includes a mechanical contactor branch 301, a power semiconductor branch 302, and an energy absorber branch 303 connected in parallel. Specifically, the mechanical contactor branch 301 includes a mechanical contactor 304; the power semiconductor branch 302 includes a power semiconductor 305; and the energy absorber branch 303 includes an energy absorber 306.
[0034] Figure 3 The diagram also shows the equivalent inductance Lm of the mechanical contactor branch 301, the equivalent inductance Lpe of the power semiconductor branch 302, and the equivalent inductance Lsc of the main circuit, wherein the equivalent inductances Lm, Lpe, and Lsc all include stray inductance. Specifically, increasing the equivalent inductance Lm of the mechanical contactor branch 301... m Make it greater than the equivalent inductance L of the power semiconductor branch 302 pe This can reduce commutation time.
[0035] Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 The graph shows the current variation over time in each branch of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker when it is disconnected. Where I... line For the main circuit current of the line where the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker 300 is located, I ms For the current in the mechanical contactor branch 301, I ps For the current of power semiconductor branch 302, and I ea This is the current in the energy absorber branch 303.
[0036] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 During time 0-t0, the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker operates normally, mechanical contactor 304 is closed, and it conducts the rated current for normal operation; during time t0, a short-circuit fault occurs in the main circuit, and the main circuit current I... lineRapidly rising; at time t1, the current sensor (not shown in the figure) on the main branch detects that the fault current exceeds the threshold value, the controller (not shown in the figure) sends a trip command to the mechanical contactor 304 to open, and sends an on command to the power semiconductor 305; at time t2, the mechanical contactor 304 starts to open after a delay of t1-t2; at time t2-t3, the arc voltage of the mechanical contactor 304 causes the current to commutate from the mechanical contactor branch 301 to the power semiconductor branch 302; at time t3, the current commutation is completed; at time t4, the power semiconductor 305 is turned off, and the energy absorber branch 303 works to absorb the short-circuit energy, reduce the fault current to zero, and complete the breaking of the main branch.
[0037] Comparison Figure 4 and Figure 2 In the Figure 4 , the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is increased to be much larger than the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch. The inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is large, so the rising rate of the short-circuit current of the mechanical contactor branch is lower than that of the power semiconductor branch, forcing some of the short-circuit current to flow through the power semiconductor branch, resulting in a reduced commutation time. Figure 2
[0038] On the other hand, if the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is too large, it will also increase the commutation time, so the equivalent inductance needs to be appropriately selected so as not to increase the commutation time. In one embodiment, the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is greater than 10 times, 100 times, or 1000 times the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch. The equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch of different hybrid solid-state circuit breakers will vary in size, and in general, the increased equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is less than 2 μH. Because the increased equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is small, and in the normal operation of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, direct current is passed, so this small inductance will not affect the normal operation of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker.
[0039] Although in the Figure 4 , the command to turn on the power semiconductor is sent at time t1, the present application is not limited thereto, as long as the power semiconductor is turned on before the arc voltage occurs. In one embodiment, the power semiconductor can be in an on state all the time, and because the resistance of the power semiconductor is relatively large, the steady-state current is located in the mechanical contactor branch when there is no fault. In one embodiment, the power semiconductor is turned on when or before the fault current is detected, so that the power semiconductor branch can start to share the short-circuit current at time t1 to reduce the commutation time.
[0040] Figure 5 A flow chart of a control method for the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker shown in Figure 3 is shown. The control method comprises:
[0041] Step 501: Detect the main path current I of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker line .
[0042] Step 502: Determine whether a short circuit occurs, i.e. determine whether the main path current I is greater than a threshold current I line . th If not, it is determined that no short circuit fault occurs, and step 501 is repeated. If yes, it is determined that a short circuit fault occurs, and step 503 is executed.
[0043] Step 503: Turn off the mechanical contactor branch, and turn on the power semiconductor branch before the arc voltage occurs.
[0044] Step 504: Determine whether the commutation is successful. If the commutation is successful, step 505 is executed. If the commutation is not successful, step 504 is repeated.
[0045] In one embodiment, whether the commutation is successful is determined by detecting the current of the mechanical contactor branch. If the current of the mechanical contactor branch I ms is 0, it is determined that the commutation is successful. Otherwise, it is determined that the commutation is not successful.
[0046] In another embodiment, whether the commutation is successful is determined by detecting the main path current, and performing offline simulation or calculation of the commutation time, and setting a sufficient delay time after which the commutation is considered to be completed.
[0047] Step 505: Turn off the power semiconductor branch after a first delay, which cannot be too small to avoid re-arc. The time of the first delay can be set as needed or obtained through experiments, and is generally on the order of hundreds of μs.
[0048] Subsequently, the short circuit energy enters the energy absorber branch and is consumed by the energy absorber branch.
[0049] In the above embodiments of the present application, the inventors have found that increasing the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch to be greater than the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch not only does not increase the current commutation time, but also reduces the current commutation time. Those skilled in the art can use any method known in the art to increase the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch.
[0050] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a hybrid solid state circuit breaker according to one embodiment of the present application is shown, in which the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is increased by adding an additional inductance L extra . As shown in FIG. 1, the mechanical contactor branch is connected in series with the additional inductance L Figure 6As shown, the hybrid solid state circuit breaker 600 is connected between the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC-, i.e. between node N1 and node N2. The hybrid solid state circuit breaker 600 comprises a mechanical contactor branch 601, a power semiconductor branch 602 and an energy absorber branch 603 connected in parallel. The mechanical contactor branch 601 comprises a mechanical contactor 604, which is a vacuum interrupter VI, having a response time of 2 ms from triggering to establishing an arc voltage. The power semiconductor branch 602 comprises a power semiconductor 605, which is an IGBT. The energy absorber branch 603 comprises an energy absorber 606, which is a MOV.
[0051] The hybrid solid state circuit breaker 600 further comprises a sensor 608 connected to the main path for detecting a main path current I line VI connected to the mechanical contactor branch 601 for detecting a mechanical contactor branch current I ms VI, a VI driver 609 for driving the mechanical contactor 604, an IGBT driver 610 for driving the power semiconductor 605, and a controller 611 for controlling the VI driver 609 and the IGBT driver 610 based on the main path current I line VI from the sensor 608 and the mechanical contactor branch current I ms VI from the sensor 607.
[0052] The mechanical contactor branch 601 further comprises an inherent inductance L ms VI and an added additional inductance L extra VI. The inherent inductance L ms VI comes from the circuit layout of the mechanical contactor branch 601, and the added additional inductance L extra VI is an inductance added additionally to the inherent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch. That is, the equivalent inductance L m VI of the mechanical contactor branch = the inherent inductance L ms VI + the added additional inductance L extra VI.
[0053] In one embodiment, if the added additional inductance L extra VI is too large, it also increases the commutation time, and thus the added additional inductance L extra VI needs to be small enough so as not to increase the commutation time. In one embodiment, the added additional inductance L extra VI is greater than 0 and less than 1 μH.
[0054] With reference to Figure 6 and Figure 4At time 0-t0, the hybrid solid state circuit breaker is working normally, the mechanical contactor 604 is on and conducts the normal working rated current; at time t0, a short circuit fault occurs in the main circuit, the main circuit current I line rises rapidly; at time t1, the sensor 608 captures the fault current and sends it to the controller 611, the controller 611 determines that a fault has occurred and sends an opening command to the mechanical contactor 604 and sends an on command to the power semiconductor 605; at time t2, the mechanical contactor 604 starts to open after a delay; at time t2-t3, the arc voltage of the mechanical contactor 604 causes the current to commutate from the mechanical contactor branch 601 to the power semiconductor branch 602; at time t3, the sensor 607 detects that the current of the mechanical contactor branch 601 is 0, and the current commutation is completed; at time t4, the power semiconductor 605 is turned off, the energy absorber branch 603 works to absorb the short circuit energy and reduce the fault current to zero, and the main circuit is completed.
[0055] At time t1-t2, the fault current is shared between the mechanical contactor branch and the power semiconductor branch, until the arc voltage is established at time t2, and the current starts to commutate.
[0056] Although two sensors 607, 608 are shown in the above embodiment, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that only one sensor can be used in actual application to detect the main circuit current fault and determine the current zero-crossing point of the mechanical contactor branch at the same time. In one embodiment, only the sensor 607 can be included, since the main circuit current flows through the mechanical contactor branch only at the beginning, so the sensor 607 can detect the main circuit current fault and also detect the current zero-crossing point of the mechanical contactor branch. In one embodiment, only the sensor 608 can be included, which can detect the main circuit current fault, and a sufficient delay time can be set through offline simulation or calculation of the commutation time to determine the current zero-crossing point of the mechanical contactor branch. The controller controls the mechanical contactor driver and the power semiconductor driver based on the main circuit current and the current zero-crossing point of the mechanical contactor branch.
[0057] In one embodiment, the hybrid solid state circuit breaker 600 further includes an auxiliary power supply (not shown in the figure) for powering the driver, the controller and the sensor.
[0058] In addition to setting an increased additional inductance L extra In addition, the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch can be made greater than the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch by configuring the circuit layout, wherein the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch only includes the inherent inductance from the circuit layout.
[0059] Figure 7A schematic diagram of a hybrid solid state circuit breaker according to another embodiment of the present application is shown, in which the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is increased by designing the circuit layout. Figure 7 As Figure 6 the same parts are not repeated here, the difference is that in the circuit layout, the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC- are closer to the power semiconductor 705 than the mechanical contactor 704. In one embodiment, the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC- are directly connected across the power semiconductor 705 in the circuit layout.
[0060] In the prior art, the mechanical contactor 704 as the main component of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker is usually designed to be closer to the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC- (as shown in Figure 6 In the prior art, the mechanical contactor 704 as the main component of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker is usually designed to be closer to the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC- (as shown in Figure 6 In the prior art, the mechanical contactor 704 as the main component of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker is usually designed to be closer to the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC- (as shown in Figure 7 In the prior art, the mechanical contactor 704 as the main component of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker is usually designed to be closer to the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC- (as shown in layout In the prior art, the mechanical contactor 704 as the main component of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker is usually designed to be closer to the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC- (as shown in Figure 7 In the prior art, the mechanical contactor 704 as the main component of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker is usually designed to be closer to the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC- (as shown in
[0061] In the prior art, the mechanical contactor 704 as the main component of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker is usually designed to be closer to the main path input DC+ and the main path output DC- (as shown in
[0062] Figure 8 Experimental results of using the hybrid solid state circuit breaker of the present application are shown. Figure 8 The (a) curve in (b) shows that using the conventional hybrid solid state circuit breaker, it takes 1.2 ms to commutate from the mechanical contactor branch to the power semiconductor branch, Figure 8The (b) curve in the figure shows that, under the same conditions, only 0.6 ms is needed to switch from the mechanical contactor branch to the power semiconductor branch using the hybrid solid state circuit breaker of the present application. In this embodiment, the switching time of the hybrid solid state circuit breaker of the present application is only half of that of the conventional hybrid solid state circuit breaker, and the switching time is shorter.
[0063] The hybrid solid state circuit breaker of the present application uses a natural switching method without additional complex hardware circuit, and greatly reduces the switching time by increasing the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch to be greater than the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch, preferably greater than 10 times the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch. At the same time, the hybrid solid state circuit breaker of the present application is simple in design, does not need to increase additional active circuits and devices, and can be extended to various hybrid solid state circuit breakers.
[0064] Although the present application has been described by preferred embodiments, the present application is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and includes various changes and variations made without departing from the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, comprising a mechanical contactor branch, a power semiconductor branch, and an energy absorber branch connected in parallel, wherein, The equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is greater than the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch.
2. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein, The equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is greater than 10 times, 100 times, or 1000 times the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch.
3. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein, The equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch includes the inherent inductance from the circuit layout and the added additional inductance, or only the inherent inductance from the circuit layout.
4. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 3, wherein, The equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch includes an additional inductance greater than 0 and less than 1 μH.
5. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 3, wherein, The inherent inductance is increased by configuring the circuit layout so that the equivalent inductance of the mechanical contactor branch is greater than the equivalent inductance of the power semiconductor branch.
6. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 5, wherein, The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker is located between the main input and the main output, and the main input and the main output are closer to the power semiconductors relative to the mechanical contactor.
7. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 6, wherein, The main input terminal and the main output terminal are directly connected to the two ends of the power semiconductor in the circuit layout.
8. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The mechanical contactor is a vacuum interrupter or an air circuit breaker; the power semiconductor is an insulated gate bipolar transistor, a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, an integrated gate commutated thyristor, or a series and / or parallel connection thereof; and the energy absorber is a metal-oxide rheostat, a transient voltage suppressor diode, an RC circuit composed of a resistor and a capacitor, an RCD circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitor, and a diode, or a series and / or parallel connection thereof.
9. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 8, wherein, The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker also includes: A mechanical contactor driver for driving the mechanical contactor; A power semiconductor driver for driving the power semiconductor; and A controller for controlling the mechanical contactor driver and the power semiconductor driver based on the main circuit current and the zero-crossing point of the current in the mechanical contactor branch.
10. The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 9, wherein, The hybrid solid-state circuit breaker also includes: Sensors are used to detect the main circuit current and determine the zero-crossing point of the current in the mechanical contactor branch.