field motor

Abstract

The application relates to an excitation motor. The excitation motor comprises a stator, a rotor, a permanent magnet assembly, a magnet adjusting assembly and a flow guide assembly. The stator is provided with a mounting hole. The rotor is rotatably arranged in the mounting hole, and an air gap is arranged between the rotor and the stator. The permanent magnet assembly is arranged on the rotor. The magnet adjusting assembly is arranged on the rotor. When the excitation motor is in a working state, the magnet adjusting assembly is used for magnetizing the permanent magnet assembly; when the excitation motor is in a standby state, the magnet adjusting assembly is used for demagnetizing the permanent magnet assembly. The flow guide assembly is arranged on the rotor. The excitation motor has the advantages of low standby loss and high reliability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric machines, in particular to a field excitation motor. BACKGROUND

[0002] The conventional field excitation motor is difficult to flexibly adjust the magnetic field strength according to the system running state because the excitation magnetic flux is fixed. Especially in the standby working condition, the magnetic flux is still maintained at a high level, resulting in the continuous existence of the iron core loss, which affects the standby efficiency. At the same time, the permanent magnet of the field excitation motor has the irreversible demagnetization risk. Once the demagnetization occurs in the high temperature, high speed or fault state, the field excitation motor will lose the excitation ability, which seriously affects the reliability of the field excitation motor.

[0003] Therefore, the current field excitation motor cannot simultaneously reduce the standby loss while maintaining high efficiency, and cannot solve the demagnetization problem of the permanent magnet, which has the defects of high energy loss and low reliability. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a field excitation motor aiming at the problems of high energy loss and low reliability of the field excitation motor.

[0005] The present application provides a field excitation motor, comprising:

[0006] a stator provided with a mounting hole;

[0007] a rotor rotatably arranged in the mounting hole, and an air gap is arranged between the rotor and the stator;

[0008] a permanent magnet assembly installed on the rotor;

[0009] a magnetic field adjusting assembly installed on the rotor, the magnetic field adjusting assembly is used for magnetizing the permanent magnet assembly when the field excitation motor is in the working state, and the magnetic field adjusting assembly is used for demagnetizing the permanent magnet assembly when the field excitation motor is in the standby state;

[0010] a flow guide assembly installed on the rotor.

[0011] In one embodiment, the stator comprises a stator and an armature winding, the stator is a circular ring structure, so that the stator forms the mounting hole along the axial direction, the hole wall of the mounting hole is provided with a plurality of stator teeth along the circumferential direction, a stator slot is formed between adjacent two stator teeth, and the armature winding is wound in the stator slot.

[0012] In one embodiment, the rotor comprises four rotor teeth, the four rotor teeth are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and the permanent magnet assembly and the magnetic field adjusting assembly are both installed on the rotor teeth.

[0013] In one of the embodiments, the permanent magnet assembly comprises two first permanent magnets and two second permanent magnets, the two first permanent magnets are installed on two opposite rotor teeth respectively, the two second permanent magnets are installed on the other two opposite rotor teeth respectively, and the first permanent magnets and the second permanent magnets form a magnetic flux path in series.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, the magnet adjusting assembly comprises four magnet adjusting windings, the four magnet adjusting windings are installed on the four rotor teeth respectively, and the four magnet adjusting windings are connected in parallel to output magnet adjusting current.

[0015] In one of the embodiments, the magnet adjusting windings have the same or opposite magnetic field direction as the first permanent magnets or the second permanent magnets on the same rotor tooth.

[0016] In one of the embodiments, the first permanent magnets are high-coercivity permanent magnets, and the second permanent magnets are low-coercivity permanent magnets.

[0017] In one of the embodiments, the flow guiding assembly comprises four guide bars and four magnetic guiding supports, the magnetic guiding supports are installed between two adjacent rotor teeth, and the guide bars are installed on the magnetic guiding supports respectively, so that the guide bars and the side surfaces of the rotor teeth form a closed circular surface.

[0018] In one of the embodiments, the armature winding is a three-phase alternating current winding, and the three-phase alternating current winding is installed on the stator slot in a symmetrical distribution manner; and / or, the armature winding is installed on the stator slot in a double-layer concentrated winding manner.

[0019] In one of the embodiments, the excitation motor further comprises a magnet adjusting controller, the magnet adjusting assembly and the armature winding are electrically connected to the magnet adjusting controller, and the magnet adjusting controller is used to connect an input power source to output magnet adjusting current to the magnet adjusting assembly and output armature current to the armature winding.

[0020] The above-mentioned excitation motor rotatably installs a rotor in a mounting hole of a stator. In operation, the stator generates a stator rotating magnetic field, which interacts with a rotating magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet assembly on the rotor, thereby generating a torque to rotate the rotor. Moreover, the rotor is further provided with a magnet adjusting assembly, which can change the size of the main magnetic flux of the permanent magnet assembly. In the working state of the excitation motor, the magnet adjusting assembly generates a magnetizing magnetic field to magnetize the permanent magnet assembly, thereby increasing the excitation magnetic flux of the permanent magnet assembly, so that the permanent magnet assembly can obtain higher load capacity. In the standby state of the excitation motor, the magnet adjusting assembly generates a demagnetizing magnetic field to demagnetize the permanent magnet assembly, thereby reducing the amplitude of the main magnetic flux of the permanent magnet assembly, achieving the effect of reducing iron loss, and solving the problem of high iron loss caused by high standby magnetic flux level of the excitation motor. In addition, the magnet adjusting assembly can also serve as a backup excitation source to avoid the situation that the permanent magnet assembly of the excitation motor loses magnetism and cannot work normally at high temperature and high speed. Moreover, the rotor is provided with a flow guide assembly, so that the friction of the rotor during rotation is smaller, thereby reducing the wind friction loss at high speed, and having the advantages of low standby loss and high reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the excitation motor described in the embodiments of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 An exploded schematic diagram of the excitation motor described in the embodiments of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 A sectional view schematic diagram of the excitation motor described in the embodiments of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 A magnetic circuit schematic diagram of the excitation motor described in the embodiments of the present application in the standby state.

[0025] Figure 5 A magnetic circuit schematic diagram of the excitation motor described in the embodiments of the present application in the working state.

[0026] Figure 6 A magnet adjusting process schematic diagram of the excitation motor described in the embodiments of the present application.

[0027] REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0028] 100, stator; 100A, mounting hole; 110, machine base; 120, stator tooth; 120A, stator slot; 130, armature winding;

[0029] 200, rotor; 210, rotor tooth;

[0030] 300, permanent magnet assembly; 310, first permanent magnet; 320, second permanent magnet;

[0031] 400, magnet adjusting assembly; 410, magnet adjusting winding;

[0032] 500, flow guide assembly; 510, flow guide bar; 520, magnetic flux guide bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the above objectives, features and advantages of the present application more clear and easily understood, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced without using these specific details in other ways. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0035] In addition, if the terms "first", "second" appear, these terms are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features limited by "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present application, if the term "multiple" appears, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0036] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, if the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like appear, these terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] In the present application, unless specifically defined and limited otherwise, if there is a description of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature, etc., it can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature "over", "above" and "on" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or only means that the first feature is higher in horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature "under", "below" and "under" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or only means that the first feature is lower in horizontal height than the second feature.

[0038] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can be a mediating element. If an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there can be a mediating element. If present, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "up", "down", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in the present application are only for illustrative purposes and do not represent the only implementation.

[0039] Referring to Figures 1 to 3 , a structure schematic diagram of an excitation motor in an embodiment of the present application is shown, the excitation motor comprising a stator 100, a rotor 200, a permanent magnet assembly 300, a magnet adjusting assembly 400 and a flow guide assembly 500, the stator 100 being provided with a mounting hole 100A. The rotor 200 is rotatably arranged in the mounting hole 100A, and an air gap is provided between the rotor 200 and the stator 100. Specifically, the rotor 200 and the stator 100 are coaxially arranged.

[0040] The permanent magnet assembly 300 is mounted on the rotor 200. The magnet adjusting assembly 400 is mounted on the rotor 200, and is used for magnetizing the permanent magnet assembly 300 when the excitation motor is in a working state, and is used for demagnetizing the permanent magnet assembly 300 when the excitation motor is in a standby state. The flow guide assembly 500 is mounted on the rotor 200.

[0041] The excitation motor described in the embodiment of the present application rotatably mounts the rotor 200 in the mounting hole 100A of the stator 100. In operation, the stator 100 generates a stator rotating magnetic field, which interacts with a rotating magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet assembly 300 on the rotor 200, thereby generating a torque to make the rotor rotate. Moreover, the rotor 200 is also provided with the magnet adjusting assembly 400, which can change the size of the main magnetic flux of the permanent magnet assembly 300. In view of the problem of large wind friction loss of a salient pole rotor due to the tooth and slot structure, the flow guide assembly is arranged on the rotor, so that the friction when the rotor rotates is smaller.

[0042] The excitation motor described in the embodiments of the present application adjusts the magnetic flux size of the permanent magnet assembly 300 by setting the magnetic adjusting assembly 400 on the rotor 200. In combination Figures 4 to 5 As shown, when the excitation motor is in the working state, the magnetic adjusting assembly 400 generates a magnetizing magnetic field to magnetize the permanent magnet assembly 300, thereby improving the excitation magnetic flux of the permanent magnet assembly 300 and enabling the permanent magnet assembly 300 to obtain higher load capacity. When the excitation motor is in the standby state, the magnetic adjusting assembly 400 generates a demagnetizing magnetic field to demagnetize the permanent magnet assembly 300, thereby reducing the amplitude of the main magnetic flux of the permanent magnet assembly 300 and achieving the effect of reducing iron loss. The problem of high iron loss of the excitation motor due to high standby magnetic flux level is solved. In addition, when the permanent magnet assembly 300 loses magnetism and cannot work normally at high temperature and high speed, the magnetic adjusting assembly 400 can also be used as a backup excitation source to avoid the excitation motor from stopping working. In addition, the flow guide assembly is arranged on the rotor, thereby reducing the wind friction loss at high speed and having the advantages of low standby loss and high reliability.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, when the excitation motor is in a light load working state, the magnetic adjusting assembly 400 is also used to demagnetize the permanent magnet assembly 300, thereby reducing the amplitude of the main magnetic flux of the permanent magnet assembly 300, reducing the core loss of the excitation motor, and reducing standby energy efficiency.

[0044] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 to 3 The stator 100 includes a stator frame 110 and an armature winding 130. The stator frame 110 is a circular ring structure, so that the stator frame 110 forms a mounting hole 100A along the axial direction. A plurality of stator teeth 120 are arranged on the hole wall of the mounting hole 100A in the circumferential direction. A stator slot 120A is formed between adjacent two stator teeth 120. The armature winding 130 is wound around the stator slot 120A.

[0045] In the embodiment, the stator frame 110 of the stator 100 is arranged in a circular ring structure. The mounting hole 100A formed by the circular ring stator frame 110 can accurately position the rotor 200, and ensure that the air gap between the rotor 200 and the stator 100 is uniform, thereby providing a basis for efficient transmission of the magnetic circuit. The stator teeth 120 uniformly distributed on the hole wall of the stator frame 110 form the stator slot 120A, which provides a suitable winding space for the armature winding 130. The stator 100 generates a stable rotating magnetic field, thereby ensuring the operation stability of the excitation motor.

[0046] In an alternative embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 3As shown, the rotor 200 includes four rotor teeth 210, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotor 200, and the permanent magnet assembly 300 and the magnetic adjustment assembly 400 are both mounted on the rotor teeth 210. In this embodiment, the four rotor teeth 210 are evenly distributed along the circumference, so that the rotor teeth 210 form a cross-shaped structure, thereby constructing a symmetric and balanced magnetic circuit structure, making the air gap magnetic field distribution more uniform, effectively reducing torque ripple, improving the smoothness of the excitation motor, and the rotor teeth 210 can provide stable mechanical support for the permanent magnet assembly 300 and the magnetic adjustment assembly 400, avoiding displacement of the permanent magnet assembly 300 and the magnetic adjustment assembly 400 during high-speed rotation, ensuring structural reliability, and overall improving the magnetic circuit performance, adjustment efficiency and operation stability.

[0047] In an alternative embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 3 The permanent magnet assembly 300 includes two first permanent magnets 310 and two second permanent magnets 320, the two first permanent magnets 310 are one-to-one mounted on two opposite rotor teeth 210, and the two second permanent magnets 320 are one-to-one mounted on the other two opposite rotor teeth 210, and the first permanent magnets 310 and the second permanent magnets 320 form a magnetic flux path in series.

[0048] In this embodiment, the two first permanent magnets 310 and the two second permanent magnets 320 are mounted on opposite rotor teeth 210, respectively, forming a symmetric two-pole magnetic circuit layout, which can make the air gap magnetic field distribution more balanced and improve the smoothness of the excitation motor. The two first permanent magnets 310 and the two second permanent magnets 320 form a magnetic flux path in series, which can realize the same direction superposition of the main magnetic flux, enhance the air gap flux density to improve the motor power and torque density, and reduce the magnetic loss. The symmetric structure and the magnetic adjustment assembly 400 on the rotor teeth 210 form an efficient magnetic flux coupling, which facilitates the quick regulation and control of the total magnetic flux by the magnetic adjustment assembly 400, optimizes the magnetic circuit performance and operation stability.

[0049] In an exemplary embodiment, the first permanent magnet 310 and the second permanent magnet 320 are both plate-shaped structures, the first permanent magnet 310 and the second permanent magnet 320 are embedded in the middle of the rotor tooth 210 along the circumference of the rotor 200, and the radial direction of the rotor 200 is perpendicular to the plate surface of the first permanent magnet 310 or the plate surface of the second permanent magnet 320, the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320 is parallel magnetized, the magnetization direction of the two first permanent magnets 310 is the same, and the magnetization direction of the two second permanent magnets 320 is the same.

[0050] The first permanent magnet 310 and the second permanent magnet 320 are embedded in the middle of the rotor tooth 210 along the axial direction, the magnetic adjusting assembly 400 on the rotor tooth 210 and the first permanent magnet 310 and the second permanent magnet 320 form high-efficiency magnetic coupling, which facilitates the accurate regulation and control of the total magnetic flux by the magnetic adjusting assembly 400, cooperates with the mechanical stress balance brought by the symmetry of the magnetization direction, and further guarantees the smoothness and structural reliability of the excitation motor, optimizes the magnetic circuit efficiency, the regulation performance and the operation stability.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 3 The magnetic adjusting assembly 400 includes four magnetic adjusting windings 410, which are one-to-one correspondingly wound on the four rotor teeth 210, and the four magnetic adjusting windings 410 are connected in parallel to adjust the magnetic current. The magnetic adjusting winding 410 is used for magnetizing or demagnetizing the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320 on the same rotor tooth 210.

[0052] The magnetic adjusting assembly 400 of the embodiment is one-to-one correspondingly wound on the four rotor teeth 210 through the four magnetic adjusting windings 410, which can realize independent and accurate regulation and control of the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320 on each rotor tooth 210, and the symmetrical layout of the rotor 200 makes the air gap magnetic field adjustment more balanced, effectively reducing the magnetic field distortion and torque ripple. The magnetic adjusting winding 410 directly acts on the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320 on the same rotor tooth 210, shortens the magnetic coupling path, enhances the response speed and adjustment accuracy of magnetization and demagnetization, and can quickly realize the magnetization or field weakening of the main magnetic flux, and the overall consideration of the regulation performance and the operation efficiency.

[0053] In this embodiment, the magnetic adjusting winding 410 also has the function of a standby excitation source. If the permanent magnet assembly 300 loses magnetism due to high temperature and high speed, in order to ensure that the excitation motor can still provide excitation magnetic flux, a constant direct current can be passed through the magnetic adjusting winding 410 to generate the magnetic field required by the excitation motor, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the excitation motor.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the magnetic field direction of the magnetic adjusting winding 410 is the same as or opposite to the magnetic field direction of the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320 on the same rotor tooth 210.

[0055] In this embodiment, the adjusting winding 410 is wound around the rotor tooth 210, so that the magnetic field direction of the adjusting winding 410 is the same as or opposite to the magnetic field direction of the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320 on the same rotor tooth 210. When the adjusting winding 410 is energized, the magnetic flux generated is superimposed in the same direction with the main magnetic flux of the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320, thereby magnetizing the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320, or the magnetic fluxes of the two cancel each other out in opposite directions, thereby demagnetizing the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320. This can efficiently enhance the air gap magnetic flux density to improve the torque output and power density of the excitation motor under low speed and heavy load, reduce copper loss and winding temperature rise, and improve energy conversion efficiency.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the first permanent magnet 310 is a high-coercivity permanent magnet, and the second permanent magnet 320 is a low-coercivity permanent magnet. Specifically, the high-coercivity permanent magnet is made of NdFeB, and the low-coercivity permanent magnet is made of AlNiCo.

[0057] In this embodiment, to prevent the load current from demagnetizing the low-coercivity permanent magnet under heavy load, the first permanent magnet 310 is made of high-coercivity NdFeB, and the second permanent magnet is made of low-coercivity AlNiCo. The low-coercivity AlNiCo is connected in series with the high-coercivity NdFeB to increase the operating point of the high-coercivity AlNiCo, thereby enhancing the system's reliability. The high-coercivity NdFeB provides a stable main magnetic flux for the exciter motor, ensuring efficient energy conversion under rated conditions and reliable magnetic performance under extreme conditions. The low-coercivity AlNiCo, with its low coercivity, becomes an ideal dynamic flux regulation medium. Combined with the regulating winding 410, it can easily achieve magnetization or demagnetization, significantly improving the response speed and accuracy of flux regulation. Furthermore, it can change its flux state without excessive excitation current, reducing copper loss and winding temperature rise.

[0058] Specifically, in combination Figures 4 to 6 As shown, when the exciter motor is in operation, the low coercivity permanent magnet AlNiCo is magnetized by a magnetizing magnetic field, which increases the remanence of the low coercivity permanent magnet AlNiCo, thereby increasing the excitation flux and enabling it to achieve a higher load-carrying capacity. When the exciter motor is in standby mode, the low coercivity permanent magnet AlNiCo is demagnetized by a demagnetizing magnetic field, which reduces its remanence and decreases the amplitude of the main magnetic flux, thereby reducing iron loss.

[0059] In an optional embodiment, the flow guiding assembly 500 includes four guide bars 510 and four magnetic guide supports 520. The magnetic guide supports 520 are installed between two adjacent rotor teeth 210, and the guide bars 510 are installed on the magnetic guide supports 520 in a one-to-one correspondence, so that the sides of the guide bars 510 and the rotor teeth 210 form a closed circular surface.

[0060] In order to solve the problems of self-starting of the excitation motor and large rotor wind friction loss, the guide bar 510 is covered and installed between the adjacent rotor teeth 210 to form a closed and circular surface, and is fixed by the magnetic guide bracket 520. In the starting stage, the magnetic guide bracket 520 significantly improves the acceleration performance and operation stability of the rotor 200 by optimizing the magnetic field distribution, improving the electromagnetic torque and suppressing the energy loss. Moreover, due to the magnetic field of the stator 100 and the slip of the rotor 200, an electric current is induced in the guide bar 510 to form an electromagnetic torque, so that the rotor 200 can quickly accelerate, the self-starting of the motor is realized, and a stable operation state is reached.

[0061] In an alternative embodiment, the armature winding 130 is wound in the form of a double-layer concentrated winding in the stator slot 120A.

[0062] In the embodiment, the armature winding 130 is wound in the form of a double-layer concentrated winding in the stator slot 120A, which can fully utilize the space of the stator slot 120A through the layout of the upper and lower two layers of armature winding 130 coils in the stator slot 120A, improve the slot fill rate to enhance the current carrying capacity.

[0063] In an alternative embodiment, the armature winding 130 is a three-phase alternating winding, which is wound in the form of a symmetric distribution in the stator slot 120A. Further, the stator slot 120A includes 48, which is divided into three groups, and the three-phase alternating winding is symmetrically distributed in the 48 stator slots.

[0064] In the embodiment, the three-phase alternating winding is wound in the form of a symmetric distribution in the stator slot 120A, which can form magnetic field sources with a mutual difference of 120° electric angle in space, and can generate a rotating magnetic field with stable amplitude and smooth rotation after three-phase alternating current is input, thereby providing a continuous and uniform electromagnetic torque for the rotation of the rotor 200 and improving the operation stability of the motor.

[0065] In an alternative embodiment, the excitation motor further comprises a magnetic control controller, the magnetic control assembly 400 and the armature winding 130 are electrically connected to the magnetic control controller, and the magnetic control controller is used to connect an input power source to output a magnetic control current to the magnetic control assembly 400 and output an armature current to the armature winding 130.

[0066] In the embodiment, the magnetic control controller serves as a hub to connect the magnetic control assembly 400, the armature winding 130 and the input power source, thereby realizing the centralized and collaborative control of the magnetic control current and the armature current. The two outputs can be dynamically matched according to the motor operating conditions, the magnetic flux of the first permanent magnet 310 or the second permanent magnet 320 can be changed by accurately adjusting the magnetic control current, the torque output of the armature current can be simultaneously optimized, the adaptation accuracy of the magnetic flux and the torque can be greatly improved, the overall structural integration and operation reliability can be improved, and the energy conversion efficiency, the adjustment response speed and the operation stability of the motor can be further improved.

[0067] Each technical feature of the above-described embodiments can be combined with any other technical feature, and for the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations are described, but it is understood that the scope of the present disclosure encompasses all such possible combinations.

[0068] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present application, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be understood as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are all within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. An excitation motor, characterized in that, include: Stator (100), wherein the stator (100) is provided with mounting holes (100A); The rotor (200) is rotatably disposed in the mounting hole (100A), and an air gap is provided between the rotor (200) and the stator (100); the rotor (200) includes four rotor teeth (210), which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotor (200); A permanent magnet assembly (300) is mounted on the rotor teeth (210); the permanent magnet assembly (300) includes two first permanent magnets (310) and two second permanent magnets (320), the two first permanent magnets (310) are mounted one-to-one on two opposite rotor teeth (210), and the two second permanent magnets (320) are mounted one-to-one on another two opposite rotor teeth (210), the first permanent magnets (310) and the second permanent magnets (320) form a magnetic flux path in series; the first permanent magnets (310) are high coercivity permanent magnets, and the second permanent magnets (320) are low coercivity permanent magnets; A magnetizing assembly (400) is mounted on the rotor teeth (210). When the excitation motor is in operation, the magnetizing assembly (400) is used to magnetize the permanent magnet assembly (300). When the excitation motor is in standby mode, the magnetizing assembly (400) is used to demagnetize the permanent magnet assembly (300). The magnetizing assembly (400) includes four magnetizing windings (410), which are wound one-to-one on the four rotor teeth (210). The four magnetizing windings (410) are connected in parallel to the magnetizing current. A flow guiding assembly (500) is mounted on the rotor (200). The flow guiding assembly (500) includes four guide bars (510) and four magnetic guide supports (520). The magnetic guide supports (520) are mounted between two adjacent rotor teeth (210). The guide bars (510) are mounted on the magnetic guide supports (520) one by one, so that the sides of the guide bars (510) and the rotor teeth (210) form a closed circular surface.

2. The excitation motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator (100) includes a base (110) and an armature winding (130). The base (110) has a circular structure so that the mounting hole (100A) is formed along the axial direction. The wall of the mounting hole (100A) is provided with a plurality of stator teeth (120) along the circumferential direction. A stator slot (120A) is formed between two adjacent stator teeth (120). The armature winding (130) is wound on the stator slot (120A).

3. The excitation motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first permanent magnet (310) and the second permanent magnet (320) are both plate-shaped structures. The first permanent magnet (310) and the second permanent magnet (320) are embedded in the middle of the rotor teeth (210) around the rotor 200 in the circumferential direction. The radial direction of the rotor (200) is perpendicular to the plate surface of the first permanent magnet (310) or the plate surface of the second permanent magnet (320). The magnetic adjustment winding (410) is used to magnetize or demagnetize the first permanent magnet (310) or the second permanent magnet (320) on the same rotor tooth (210).

4. The excitation motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The magnetic field direction of the magnetic winding (410) is the same as or opposite to the magnetic field direction of the first permanent magnet (310) or the second permanent magnet (320) on the same rotor tooth (210).

5. The excitation motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The armature winding (130) is a three-phase AC winding, which is wound in the stator slot (120A) in a symmetrical distribution.

6. The excitation motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The armature winding (130) is wound in the stator slot (120A) in the form of a double-layer concentrated winding.

7. The excitation motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The excitation motor also includes a field control controller. The field control assembly (400) and the armature winding (130) are electrically connected to the field control controller. The field control controller is used to connect to the input power supply to output a field control current to the field control assembly (400) and an armature current to the armature winding (130).

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