Coal mine shaft and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and discloses a coal mine shaft and a construction method thereof. The coal mine shaft comprises an outer shaft wall, an inner shaft wall and a water insulation and heat preservation layer. The inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall are stacked; a mounting gap is formed between the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall; the waterproof thermal insulation layer is arranged in the mounting gap; the inner side face and the outer side face of the waterproof heat preservation layer are connected with the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall respectively. Through the design of the multi-layer composite structure and the functional integration of the water insulation and heat preservation layer, compared with a traditional single waterproof layer, the anti-seepage capacity of a shaft is remarkably improved, underground complex geological stress, chemical erosion and temperature changes are effectively resisted, the aging damage risk is reduced, and the drainage burden and equipment damage caused by water leakage are reduced; the technical problems of a traditional shaft in the aspects of water prevention, seepage prevention and heat preservation are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a coal mine shaft and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] A coal mine shaft is a vertical or inclined passage connecting the surface to the underground coal seam, and is one of the core infrastructures in coal mining. Its main functions include transporting personnel, equipment, coal and gangue, ventilation, drainage, power supply, and safe escape.

[0003] In coal mining, the mine shaft is a crucial component of the mine's production system, and its safety and stability directly impact normal production. In cold regions, mine shafts face the dual threats of water leakage and freezing. Water leakage not only increases the mine's drainage burden and wastes water resources but can also lead to problems such as water accumulation in roadways and equipment damage, seriously threatening safe coal mine production. Conversely, shaft freezing can cause structural deformation and damage, affecting the normal operation of hoisting equipment and potentially triggering major safety accidents.

[0004] Currently, existing seepage and freezing prevention measures for coal mine shafts have many shortcomings. For example, some shafts use a single waterproof layer for seepage prevention, which is prone to aging and damage over time, leading to a decrease in seepage prevention effectiveness. Regarding freezing prevention, some measures rely solely on insulation materials, which are insufficient to cope with extreme low-temperature environments and fail to meet actual production needs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a more effective seepage and freezing prevention method for coal mine shafts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a coal mine shaft and its construction method to solve the problems of waterproofing and seepage prevention in existing coal mine shafts.

[0006] This invention provides a coal mine shaft, including a shaft body, the shaft body comprising: outer cylinder wall; The inner cylinder wall is stacked with the outer cylinder wall; an installation gap is formed between the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall; A water-proof and heat-insulating layer is disposed in the installation gap; the inner and outer sides of the water-proof and heat-insulating layer are respectively connected to the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall.

[0007] According to the coal mine shaft provided by the present invention, the coal mine shaft further includes a heating component, the heating component comprising: A first heating component is disposed at the end of the well body.

[0008] According to the coal mine shaft provided by the present invention, the first heating assembly includes a first heating element, the first heating element comprising: shell; A pipe is located inside the housing; both ends of the pipe extend out of the housing for communication with a water supply component. A heating resistance wire is spirally wound around the outside of the pipe for electrical connection with the power supply component.

[0009] According to the coal mine shaft provided by the present invention, the first heating element further includes a support structure and a driving structure, wherein the support structure includes: Multiple axial support rods are located between the pipe and the housing and are arranged circumferentially along the pipe; one end of each axial support rod is connected to one end of the housing, and the other end extends along the central axis of the housing and is connected to the other end of the housing; the heating resistance wire is wound around the axial support rod. Multiple radial rods, one end of which abuts against the pipe, and the other end extends radially along the outer shell and abuts against the outer shell; the radial rods are provided with through holes, and the axial support rods are slidably fitted into the through holes; The driving structure is disposed inside the housing and is used to drive the heating resistance wire to undergo elastic deformation along the central axis of the housing, thereby driving the radial rod to move relative to the axial support rod.

[0010] According to the coal mine shaft provided by the present invention, the first heating element further includes: A heat transfer plate, one side of which is connected to the other end of the radial rod, and the other side abuts against the outer casing.

[0011] According to the coal mine shaft provided by the present invention, the drive structure includes: A circular plate is connected to one end of the heating resistance wire. A clearance hole is formed on the circular plate to allow the radial rod to pass. A through hole is also provided on the circular plate, and the axial support rod is slidably fitted into the through hole. An electric actuator, the fixed end of which is mounted on the housing, and the driving end of which is connected to the annular plate, are used to drive the annular plate to move along the central axis of the housing to compress or stretch the heating resistance wire.

[0012] According to the coal mine shaft provided by the present invention, the heating component further includes a second heating assembly; the second heating assembly includes: The second heating element is disposed inside the inner cylinder wall; the second heating element has the same structure as the first heating element; the pipe of the second heating element is connected to the pipe of the first heating element.

[0013] According to the coal mine shaft provided by the present invention, the coal mine shaft further includes: The power supply component includes an energy storage device and a power generation component; the power generation component is electrically connected to the input terminal of the energy storage device, and the output terminal of the energy storage device is electrically connected to the heating resistance wire for supplying power to the heating resistance wire; A water supply component includes a water collection tank and a water pump; the input end of the water pump is connected to the water collection tank, and the output end of the water pump is connected to the pipeline, for pumping water from the water collection tank into the pipeline.

[0014] According to the coal mine shaft provided by the present invention, the waterproof and heat-insulating layer comprises: A waterproof layer is connected to the outer cylinder wall; The insulation layer is disposed on the side of the waterproof layer away from the outer cylinder wall and is connected to the inner cylinder wall; A vapor barrier is sandwiched between the waterproof layer and the thermal insulation layer.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for constructing a coal mine shaft, for preparing the coal mine shaft described in any of the above claims, the method comprising: S1. Excavation: The well shaft is excavated using the drill-and-blast method or mechanical excavation method. During the excavation process, the diameter and verticality of the well shaft are controlled to ensure that they meet the design standards. S2. Construction of the outer cylinder wall: Tie a steel mesh on the excavated cylinder wall; after the steel mesh is tied, pour concrete and use a vibrator to compact the concrete during the pouring process to ensure that the concrete is dense; after the concrete reaches a certain strength, apply a high waterproof coating layer to its outer surface. During the application process, ensure that the coating is uniform and there are no missed areas. S3. Construction of the waterproof and thermal insulation layer: After the waterproof coating layer dries, lay the bentonite waterproof blanket for the waterproof layer. The overlap width between the bentonite waterproof blankets should not be less than 150mm, and they should be bonded with a special bentonite waterproof blanket adhesive. After the bentonite waterproof blanket is laid, lay a polyethylene film as a vapor barrier layer. The vapor barrier layer should be laid flat to avoid wrinkles. Lay polyurethane foam insulation boards as the insulation layer on the vapor barrier layer. Fill the gaps between the polyurethane foam insulation boards with polyurethane foam sealant to ensure the insulation effect. S4. Inner cylinder wall construction; binding steel fiber reinforced concrete layer reinforcement: evenly arrange the second heating element on the steel fiber reinforced concrete layer reinforcement; then pour steel fiber concrete: connect the second heating element to the two first heating elements; connect the first heating element to the power supply component and water supply component.

[0016] The coal mine shaft provided by this invention addresses the common problem of water seepage in traditional single-layer shafts due to concrete cracks or joint defects. This solution employs a layered design with an outer and inner shaft wall, providing double protection. Even if the outer layer develops micro-cracks due to geological deformation, the inner layer can still independently block water seepage, significantly reducing the risk of permeation. The waterproof and thermally insulating layer in the installation gaps not only provides waterproofing but also bonds to the inner and outer shaft walls through its integrity, filling weak points such as construction joints and blocking water seepage paths. The waterproof and thermally insulating layer also has a low thermal conductivity, reducing heat exchange between the inside and outside of the shaft and preventing concrete frost heave and cracking caused by freezing in winter (a common cause of leakage in traditional shafts). Furthermore, the insulation layer alleviates the damage to the shaft wall structure caused by temperature stress, indirectly improving waterproof durability. The inner and outer shaft walls are bonded together by the waterproof and thermally insulating layer, forming a "sandwich structure" that enhances the shaft's resistance to deformation. Even under changes in formation pressure or temperature, the layered structure disperses stress, reducing the risk of cracking and maintaining long-term seepage prevention. In summary, this solution, through its multi-layer composite structure design and functional integration of waterproof and thermal insulation layers, significantly enhances the seepage prevention capability of the well casing compared to traditional single waterproof layers. It effectively resists complex underground geological stress, chemical erosion, and temperature changes, reduces the risk of aging and damage, and minimizes the drainage burden and equipment damage caused by leakage. It effectively solves the technical problems of traditional well casings in terms of waterproofing, seepage prevention, and thermal insulation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a coal mine shaft provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the water-proof and heat-insulating layer of a coal mine shaft provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a coal mine shaft provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heating component for a coal mine shaft provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first heating element provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the first heating element provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the first heating element provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the driving structure provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the first heating element, the power supply component, and the water supply component provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure label: 1. Outer cylinder wall; 2. Inner cylinder wall; 3. Waterproof and heat-insulating layer; 4. First heating element; 5. Second heating element; 6. Energy storage device; 7. Solar generator; 8. Wind generator; 9. Geothermal generator; 10. Water collection tank; 11. Pump; 301. Waterproof layer; 302. Vapor barrier layer; 303. Heat insulation layer; 401. Outer shell; 402. Pipe; 403. Heating resistance wire; 404. Insulation layer; 405. Wear-resistant layer; 406. Axial support rod; 407. Radial rod; 408. Heat transfer plate; 410. Circular ring plate; 411. Electric push rod. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0033] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0034] In embodiments of the present invention, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0035] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 10 The structure of the coal mine shaft provided by this invention will be described.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, a specific embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a coal mine shaft. The coal mine shaft includes an outer cylinder wall 1, an inner cylinder wall 2, and a water-proof and heat-insulating layer 3; the inner cylinder wall 2 and the outer cylinder wall 1 are stacked; an installation gap is formed between the inner cylinder wall 2 and the outer cylinder wall 1; the water-proof and heat-insulating layer 3 is disposed in the installation gap; the inner side and the outer side of the water-proof and heat-insulating layer 3 are respectively connected to the inner cylinder wall 2 and the outer cylinder wall 1.

[0037] In this embodiment, traditional single-layer well casings are prone to water seepage due to concrete cracks or joint defects. This solution adopts a layered design of an outer cylinder wall 1 and an inner cylinder wall 2, forming double protection. Even if the outer layer develops micro-cracks due to geological deformation, the inner layer can still independently block water seepage, significantly reducing the risk of water permeation. The waterproof and thermal insulation layer 3 in the installation gap not only has waterproof capabilities but also bonds to the inner and outer cylinder walls 1 through its integrity, filling weak points such as construction joints and blocking water seepage paths. The waterproof and thermal insulation layer 3 also has low thermal conductivity, which can reduce heat exchange between the inside and outside of the well casing and prevent concrete frost heave cracking caused by ice formation on the well wall in winter (a common cause of leakage in traditional well casings). In addition, the thermal insulation layer 303 can alleviate the damage of temperature stress to the cylinder wall structure, indirectly improving waterproof durability. The inner and outer cylinder walls 1 are bonded together by the waterproof and thermal insulation layer 3 to form a "sandwich structure," improving the well casing's resistance to deformation. Even under changes in formation pressure or temperature, the layered structure can disperse stress, reduce the risk of cracking, and thus maintain a long-term seepage prevention effect. In summary, this solution, through its multi-layer composite structure design and functional integration of the waterproof and thermal insulation layer 3, significantly enhances the seepage prevention capability of the well casing compared to the traditional single waterproof layer. It effectively resists complex underground geological stress, chemical erosion, and temperature changes, reduces the risk of aging and damage, and minimizes the drainage burden and equipment damage caused by leakage. It effectively solves the technical problems of traditional well casings in terms of waterproofing, seepage prevention, and thermal insulation.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the water-proof and heat-insulating layer 3 includes a water-proof layer 301, a heat-insulating layer 303, and a vapor barrier layer 302. The water-proof layer 301 is connected to the outer cylinder wall 1; the heat-insulating layer 303 is disposed on the side of the water-proof layer 301 away from the outer cylinder wall 1 and is connected to the inner cylinder wall 2. The vapor barrier layer 302 is sandwiched between the water-proof layer 301 and the heat-insulating layer 303.

[0039] In this embodiment, the waterproof layer 301 (i.e., the outer layer) is directly bonded to the outer cylinder wall 1, which preferentially blocks the infiltration of external groundwater, serving as the first line of defense to achieve efficient waterproofing and protect the internal structure from water erosion.

[0040] The vapor barrier 302 (i.e., the intermediate layer) is located between the water barrier 301 and the insulation layer 303. It prevents water vapor from diffusing outward through the insulation layer 303, avoiding performance degradation or icing of the insulation layer 303 due to steam condensation. It also keeps the insulation layer 303 dry, solving the problem of frost heave or material aging caused by "condensate accumulation" in traditional well casings. The insulation layer 303 (i.e., the inner layer) is connected to the inner cylinder wall 2, reducing heat exchange between the inside and outside of the well casing. This prevents icing of the well wall and reduces temperature stress on the inner cylinder wall 2, extending the structural lifespan. The vapor barrier 302 blocks water vapor from entering the insulation layer 303, preventing its thermal conductivity from increasing after becoming damp. At the same time, the water barrier 301 prevents liquid water intrusion, forming a double isolation of "liquid water + water vapor," effectively improving and extending the service life of the insulation layer 303 and the cylinder wall structure. Even if the waterproof layer 301 is partially damaged, the vapor barrier layer 302 can still block water vapor. If the vapor barrier layer 302 fails, the insulation layer 303 itself still has a certain degree of impermeability, and the inner cylinder wall 2 acts as the final barrier. This multi-layer protection reduces the overall risk of failure. The insulation layer 303 is wrapped by the waterproof layer 301 and the vapor barrier layer 302, which can reduce heat loss through metal components or concrete conduction, maintain a stable temperature inside the well, and reduce ventilation or heating energy consumption. The vapor barrier layer 302 inhibits the permeation of humid air inside the well to the outside, avoids condensation on the surface of the low-temperature outer cylinder wall 1, reduces water dripping on the inner wall of the well, and improves the downhole working environment. This solution, through the refined design of the waterproof-vapor barrier-insulation three-layer architecture, surpasses traditional well structures in terms of waterproof reliability, long-term insulation performance, structural durability, and construction flexibility. It is especially suitable for deep well projects in high humidity, high water pressure, or extremely cold regions, achieving multi-objective synergistic optimization of "seepage prevention, moisture prevention, insulation, and energy saving".

[0041] Optionally, the waterproof layer 301 is a bentonite waterproof blanket; the vapor barrier layer 302 is a polyethylene film; and the insulation layer 303 is a polyurethane foam insulation board. The bentonite waterproof blanket, as the waterproof layer 301, expands rapidly upon contact with water, filling tiny gaps to form a dense waterproof barrier. Compared to traditional waterproof materials, it has stronger adaptability to gaps and fissures under complex geological conditions, effectively preventing groundwater from seeping into the wellbore. The polyethylene film vapor barrier layer 302 isolates external moisture, preventing the insulation layer 303 from becoming damp, ensuring the polyurethane foam insulation board maintains excellent insulation performance, and preventing a decrease in insulation effect due to moisture absorption, which could lead to wellbore freezing. The polyurethane foam insulation board, with its extremely low thermal conductivity, significantly reduces heat exchange between the inside and outside of the wellbore, effectively maintaining the internal temperature of the wellbore in cold environments and preventing freezing. The three elements are closely integrated, providing layer-by-layer protection. This not only significantly enhances the seepage prevention performance of the shaft, reducing safety hazards and economic losses caused by water leakage, but also avoids freezing problems through efficient insulation. It comprehensively improves the seepage prevention and freezing prevention capabilities of coal mine shafts, providing a solid guarantee for the safe production of coal mines.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer cylinder wall 1 includes a steel mesh and concrete poured around the steel mesh; the outer wall of the outer cylinder wall 1 is coated with a waterproof coating layer. The outer cylinder wall 1 forms a robust skeleton through the steel mesh and concrete pouring. The steel mesh, with its high tensile strength, works in conjunction with the high compressive strength of the concrete to significantly enhance the overall strength and deformation resistance of the outer cylinder wall 1, effectively resisting complex underground geological stress and external loads, and preventing the shaft structure from cracking or collapsing due to stress. The waterproof coating layer on the outer wall further constructs a seepage barrier, preventing groundwater from seeping in. Compared with traditional single waterproof layers, it is tightly integrated with the reinforced concrete structure, has stronger anti-aging and anti-corrosion properties, greatly reduces the risk of water leakage, and reduces the mine drainage burden and equipment corrosion wear.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, the inner cylinder wall 2 is made of steel fiber reinforced concrete. The steel fiber reinforced concrete layer in the inner cylinder wall 2, with steel fibers evenly distributed within the concrete, effectively improves the toughness and crack resistance of the inner cylinder wall 2, enhances its load-bearing capacity, and, in conjunction with the internal heating mechanism, better maintains the stability of the shaft temperature, comprehensively improving the safety, stability, and durability of the coal mine shaft, and effectively meeting the stringent requirements for safe production in coal mines.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the coal mine shaft further includes a heating component, which includes a first heating assembly; the first heating assembly is disposed at the end of the shaft body.

[0045] In this embodiment, the shaft ends (such as the wellhead and bottom) are directly exposed to the low temperature or high humidity environment, making them high-risk areas for frost damage (icing, frost heave). The first heating component provides directional heating at these locations, preventing concrete cracking, shaft icing, or freezing of the hoisting rails / pipelines, thus avoiding structural damage or equipment jamming due to frost heave. Heating the wellhead prevents rain and snow from freezing into icicles, eliminating the threat of falling ice to personnel or equipment. Water easily accumulates at the bottom; heating to prevent icing maintains the drainage system and avoids the risk of flooding due to ice blockage. The integrated design of the first heating component at the shaft end effectively solves the problem of frost damage to traditional coal mine shafts in frigid environments, while also considering safety and economy. Combined with a multi-layered waterproof insulation structure, a "passive insulation + active heating" all-weather protection system is formed, significantly improving the reliability and operational efficiency of the shaft under extreme climate conditions.

[0046] Optionally, the heating component includes two first heating elements, which are respectively disposed at two ends of the well body, thereby achieving active heating of both ends of the well body, and thus achieving active heating of the wellhead and the bottom of the well.

[0047] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, optionally, the first heating component includes a first heating element 4; the first heating element 4 includes an outer tube, a pipe 402 and a heating resistance wire 403; the pipe 402 is located inside the outer shell 401; both ends of the pipe 402 extend out of the outer shell 401 for communication with the water supply component; the heating resistance wire 403 is spirally wound around the outside of the pipe 402 for electrical connection with the power supply component.

[0048] In this embodiment, the heating resistance wire 403 is spirally wound around the outside of the pipe 402, increasing the contact area with the pipe 402, avoiding localized overheating, and simultaneously achieving uniform heating of the surface of the pipe 402, quickly transferring heat to the water flow inside the pipe 402. Water supply components are connected to both ends of the pipe 402; the flowing water acts as a heat carrier, efficiently transferring the heat generated by the resistance wire to the concrete or metal components at the end of the shaft (such as the shaft head rail), improving efficiency by more than 50% compared to direct electric air heating. By adjusting the resistance wire power or water flow rate, the heating temperature can be precisely controlled to adapt to different extreme climate requirements. The outer tube wrapping around the pipe 402 and the resistance wire provides dual protection of mechanical protection and electrical isolation, meeting the explosion-proof requirements of coal mines. Even in the event of a brief power outage, the hot water remaining in the pipe 402 can still delay the freezing of the shaft, buying time for emergency response. Through efficient heat conduction, modular integration, and multiple safety protections, the reliability, energy efficiency ratio, and maintainability of coal mine shaft end heating are significantly improved.

[0049] Optionally, the housing 401 has cover plates at both ends; in other words, two cover plates are used to close the two ends of the housing 401 respectively, and the two ends of the pipe 402 pass through the two cover plates respectively; the two ends of the axial support rod 406 are fixedly connected to the two cover plates respectively.

[0050] like Figure 7 As shown, optionally, an insulating layer 404 is provided on the outer surface of the housing 401 and the outer surface of the pipe 402, respectively, to further enhance electrical safety.

[0051] like Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, optionally, the first heating element 4 further includes a support structure and a driving structure. The support structure includes multiple axial support rods 406 and multiple radial rods 407. The multiple axial support rods 406 are located between the pipe 402 and the outer shell 401 and are arranged circumferentially along the pipe 402. One end of the axial support rod 406 is connected to one end of the outer shell 401, and the other end extends along the central axis of the outer shell 401 and is connected to the other end of the outer shell 401. The heating resistance wire 403 is wound around the axial support rod 406. One end of the radial rod 407 abuts against the pipe 402, and the other end extends radially along the outer shell 401 and abuts against the outer shell 401. The radial rod 407 has a through hole, and the axial support rod 406 is slidably fitted into the through hole. The driving structure is disposed inside the outer shell 401 and is used to drive the heating resistance wire 403 to undergo elastic deformation along the central axis of the outer shell 401, thereby driving the radial rod 407 to move relative to the axial support rod 406.

[0052] By setting up a support structure, the heating resistance wire 403 can be supported, preventing it from being directly wound around the pipe 402 and thus avoiding damage to the pipe 402 due to overheating of the heating resistance wire 403. When the driving structure drives the heating resistance wire 403 to deform along the central axis of the outer casing 401, because the two ends of the axial support rod 406 are fixed to the two ends of the outer casing 401, the radial rod 407 also moves axially along the axial support rod 406, ensuring that the heating resistance wire 403 can deform. This design allows the length of the heating resistance wire 403 to be adjusted according to actual needs, thus adjusting the position of concentrated heating.

[0053] Optionally, the first heating element 4 also includes a heat transfer plate 408; one side of the heat transfer plate 408 is connected to the other end of the radial rod 407, and the other side abuts against the outer shell 401. The heat transfer plate 408 and the radial rod 407 also serve to transfer the heat from the heating resistance wire 403 to the outer shell 401. The heat transfer plate 408 can increase the heat transfer area, which can significantly improve the heat transfer efficiency and uniformity of the heating tube, effectively avoiding the local overheating or undercooling phenomenon caused by heat concentration or poor heat transfer in traditional heating tubes, so that the entire heating tube can achieve more uniform and efficient heating. At the same time, this structure enhances the heat conduction capacity to the inner wall 2 of the shaft, ensuring that the inner wall 2 can obtain sufficient and stable heat supply, effectively resisting the invasion of cold environment, further improving the antifreeze performance of the coal mine shaft, and providing a more solid guarantee for safe coal mine production. The heat transfer plate 408 abuts tightly against the outer shell 401, forming an additional support point, and together with the radial rod 407 and the axial support rod 406, it forms a more stable three-dimensional mesh structure. The heat transfer plate 408 can absorb the local stress transmitted by the radial rod 407 and disperse it to the outer shell 401 through the large-area contact surface, reducing the risk of structural fatigue.

[0054] like Figure 9As shown, optionally, the driving structure includes a circular ring plate 410 and an electric push rod 411. One end of the circular ring plate 410 is connected to the heating resistance wire 403. A clearance hole is formed on the circular ring plate 410 to allow the radial rod 407 to pass. A through hole is also provided on the circular ring plate 410, and an axial support rod 406 is slidably fitted into the through hole. The fixed end of the electric push rod 411 is mounted on the housing 401, and the driving end of the electric push rod 411 is connected to the circular ring plate 410, used to drive the circular ring plate 410 to move along the central axis of the housing 401 to compress or stretch the heating resistance wire 403. Specifically, the fixed end of the electric push rod 411 is mounted on a cover plate, and the driving end of the electric push rod 411 is connected to the annular plate 410. When the electric push rod 411 is extended, it drives the annular plate 410 to move along the axial support rod 406 towards another cover plate, causing the heating resistance wire 403 to compress. The clearance hole of the annular plate 410 provides clearance for the radial rod 407. By precisely driving the axial movement of the annular plate 410 through the electric push rod 411, the compression (close winding) or tension (sparse winding) of the resistance wire can be directly controlled, achieving real-time stepless adjustment of the heating power. The clearance hole of the annular plate 410 allows the radial rod 407 to pass freely, ensuring that it will not collide with the support structure during axial movement, while maintaining the stress balance of the radial rod 407. The annular plate 410 slides with the axial support rod 406 through the through hole and is limited by the cover plates at both ends, forming a high-precision linear motion track to prevent the push rod from being overloaded. The compression / tension of the resistance wire is fully driven by the electric actuator 411, avoiding the uncontrollable rebound of the traditional spring return mechanism. like Figure 4 As shown, optionally, the first heating assembly includes three first heating elements 4, which are combined to form a U-shaped structure. Two of the first heating elements 4 are arranged in parallel to each other, and the two ends of the third first heating element 4 are respectively connected to the other two first heating elements 4.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heating component further includes a second heating assembly; the second heating assembly includes a second heating element 5; the second heating element 5 is disposed inside the inner cylinder wall 2; the second heating element 5 has the same structure as the first heating element 4; the pipe 402 of the second heating element 5 is connected to the pipe 402 of the first heating element 4. The first heating assembly focuses on solving the rapid heating needs of extremely frost-prone areas such as the wellhead / bottom; the second heating assembly dissipates heat evenly through the inner cylinder wall 2, maintaining the overall longitudinal temperature stability of the well shaft, avoiding freezing or condensation accumulation in the middle section due to low temperature, and can form a "point-line-surface" three-dimensional antifreeze network, covering the blind spots of traditional single end heating. The pipe 402 of the second heating element 5 is connected to the first heating element 4, forming a closed-loop hot water circulation system. Hot water flows into the heating element of the inner cylinder wall 2 from the end, and the heat is slowly released through the concrete of the inner cylinder wall 2 to achieve long-term heat preservation. If the first heating element 4 fails due to mechanical damage at the end, the second heating element 5 can still maintain basic antifreeze through heat dissipation from the inner wall; conversely, if the inner wall heating fails, the end heating can prioritize the protection of critical areas.

[0056] like Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the coal mine shaft further includes a power supply component and a water supply component. The power supply component includes an energy storage device 6 and a power generation component. The power generation component is electrically connected to the input end of the energy storage device 6, and the output end of the energy storage device 6 is electrically connected to the heating resistance wire 403 for supplying power to the heating resistance wire 403. The energy storage device 6 is used to store the electrical energy generated by the power generation component and to transmit the electrical energy to the heating resistance wire 403. The water supply component includes a water collection tank 10 and a water pump 11. The input end of the water pump 11 is connected to the water collection tank 10, and the output end of the water pump 11 is connected to the pipe 402 for pumping the water pump 11 from the water collection tank 10 into the pipe 402. The pipe 402, the water pump 11, and the water collection tank 10 form a circulating water circuit. The water collection tank 10 can be used to store hot water, and the water pump 11 is used to pump the hot water into the pipe 402 to achieve active heating of the coal mine shaft. By setting up water supply and power supply components, different methods can be selected to actively heat the coal mine shaft as needed. Of course, two methods can also be used simultaneously for active heating.

[0057] Optionally, the power generation components include at least one of a solar generator 7, a wind generator 8, and a geothermal generator 9; the energy storage device 6 is connected in parallel with the solar generator 7, the wind generator 8, and the geothermal generator 9; the energy storage device 6 is electrically connected to the heating resistance wire 403. The power supply component composed of the energy storage device 6 and the solar generator 7, the wind generator 8, and the geothermal generator 9 in parallel fully utilizes the abundant renewable energy resources around the coal mine, converting solar, wind, and geothermal energy into electrical energy and storing it in the energy storage device 6. This not only reduces dependence on traditional power grid supply and reduces electricity costs, but also significantly improves the stability and sustainability of energy supply, ensuring a continuous and stable power supply to the heating wire even in extreme weather or power grid failures.

[0058] By collecting underground hot water resources through the water collection tank 10 and transporting the hot water to the pipeline 402 using the water pump 11, the underground thermal energy is recycled and reused. Compared with the traditional method of relying on external hot water supply, this greatly reduces the cost of hot water supply, while also reducing heat loss during the heat transfer process and improving energy utilization efficiency. The two systems work together to provide ample and diversified energy security for coal mine shaft heating, aligning with the concept of green mine construction. This effectively solves problems such as unstable energy supply, high costs, and energy waste associated with traditional energy sources, providing a solid and reliable energy foundation for the seepage prevention and freezing protection of coal mine shafts.

[0059] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for constructing a coal mine shaft. This method is used to prepare a coal mine shaft according to any of the above embodiments, and the method includes: S1. Excavation: The well shaft is excavated using the drill-and-blast method or mechanical excavation method. During the excavation process, the diameter and verticality of the well shaft are controlled to ensure that they meet the design standards.

[0060] S2, Outer Cylinder Wall 1 Construction: Tie steel mesh on the excavated well cylinder wall; after the steel mesh is tied, pour concrete and use a vibrator to compact the concrete during the pouring process to ensure that the concrete is dense; after the concrete reaches a certain strength, apply a high waterproof coating layer to its outer surface. During the application process, ensure that the coating is uniform and there are no missed areas.

[0061] S3. Construction of the waterproof and thermal insulation layer 3: After the waterproof coating layer dries, lay the bentonite waterproof blanket of the waterproof layer 301. The overlap width between the bentonite waterproof blankets should not be less than 150mm, and they should be bonded with a special bentonite waterproof blanket adhesive. After the bentonite waterproof blanket is laid, lay a polyethylene film as the vapor barrier layer 302. The vapor barrier layer 302 should be laid flat to avoid wrinkles. Lay polyurethane foam insulation boards on the vapor barrier layer 302 as the insulation layer 303. Fill the gaps between the polyurethane foam insulation boards with polyurethane foam sealant to ensure the insulation effect.

[0062] S4. Construction of inner cylinder wall 2; binding steel fiber reinforced concrete layer reinforcement: evenly arrange the second heating element 5 on the steel fiber reinforced concrete layer reinforcement; then pour steel fiber concrete: connect the second heating element 5 to the two first heating elements 4; connect the first heating element 4 to the power supply component and the water supply component.

[0063] The use of drill-and-blast or mechanical excavation methods, along with strict control over the shaft diameter and verticality, lays a precise foundation for subsequent construction. During the construction of the outer shaft, the integration of steel mesh and concrete, combined with the uniform application of waterproof coating, significantly enhances the strength and impermeability of the outer shaft wall 1. The construction of the waterproof insulation layer 3 strictly adheres to regulations regarding the laying and treatment of bentonite waterproof blankets, polyethylene films, and polyurethane foam insulation boards, creating an efficient waterproof insulation system. During the construction of the inner shaft wall 2, the second heating element 5 is integrated with the steel fiber reinforced concrete layer, and the first heating element 4 is accurately connected to the energy storage device 6 and the water pump 11, forming a complete heating and anti-freezing structure. This entire construction method works synergistically from multiple dimensions, effectively solving the existing problems of water leakage and freezing in coal mine shafts. Compared to traditional construction methods, it significantly improves the shaft's impermeability, anti-freezing capability, structural stability, and durability, reducing safety risks and operating costs caused by shaft problems in coal mine production, and effectively ensuring safe production and efficient operation of the coal mine.

[0064] Preferably, in step S4, the heating resistance wire 403 of the first heating element 4, located on the outer side of the seepage-proof and freeze-proof coal mine shaft along its length, is connected in parallel to a solar generator 7 and a wind generator 8; the heating resistance wire 403 of the first heating element 4, located on the inner side of the seepage-proof and freeze-proof coal mine shaft along its length, is connected to a geothermal generator 9, and the pipe 402 of the first heating element 4 is connected to a water pump 11. By connecting the heating resistance wire 403 of the first heating element 4 located at the coal mine shaft opening in parallel to the solar generator 7 and the wind generator 8, the solar and wind energy resources of the open space on the coal mine surface can be fully utilized, generating electricity efficiently during the day and windy periods to supply power to the heating resistance wire 403. Furthermore, the parallel design ensures that when a single energy source is unstable, another energy source can supplement the power supply, improving power supply reliability. Connecting the heating wire of the first heating element 4 located at the bottom of the well to the geothermal generator 9 and the water pump 11 to the pipe 402 allows for full utilization of the stable geothermal resources underground. This converts geothermal energy into electrical and thermal energy, providing power to the heating resistance wire 403 and simultaneously transporting hot water from the well to the pipe 402 via the water pump 11 for heating, thus reducing energy transmission losses. This zoned connection method not only allows for the rational use of different types of renewable energy, reducing dependence on traditional energy sources and production costs, but also enables flexible adjustment of heating methods and heat supply according to different environmental needs inside and outside the well shaft. This ensures uniform and stable heat throughout the well shaft, effectively resisting cold attacks and further enhancing the seepage and freeze-proof performance of the coal mine shaft, providing a solid guarantee for green, safe, and efficient coal mine production.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine shaft, characterized in that, It includes a wellbore body, which includes: Outer cylinder wall (1); The inner cylinder wall (2) is stacked with the outer cylinder wall (1); an installation gap is formed between the inner cylinder wall (2) and the outer cylinder wall (1); A water-proof and heat-insulating layer (3) is provided in the installation gap; the inner and outer sides of the water-proof and heat-insulating layer (3) are respectively connected to the inner cylinder wall (2) and the outer cylinder wall (1).

2. The coal mine shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coal mine shaft also includes a heating component, which comprises: A first heating component is disposed at the end of the well body.

3. The coal mine shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first heating assembly includes a first heating element (4), which includes: Outer shell (401); Pipe (402) is located inside the outer casing (401); both ends of the pipe (402) extend out of the outer casing (401) for communication with water supply components; Heating resistance wire (403) is spirally wound around the outside of the pipe (402) for electrical connection with the power supply component.

4. The coal mine shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first heating element (4) further includes a support structure and a driving structure, wherein the support structure includes: Multiple axial support rods (406) are located between the pipe (402) and the outer shell (401) and are arranged circumferentially along the pipe (402); one end of each axial support rod (406) is connected to one end of the outer shell (401), and the other end extends along the central axis of the outer shell (401) and is connected to the other end of the outer shell (401); the heating resistance wire (403) is wound around the axial support rod (406); Multiple radial rods (407) are provided, one end of which abuts against the pipe (402), and the other end extends radially along the outer shell (401) and abuts against the outer shell (401); the radial rods (407) are provided with through holes, and the axial support rods (406) are slidably fitted into the through holes; The driving structure is disposed inside the housing (401) and is used to drive the heating resistance wire (403) to undergo elastic deformation along the central axis of the housing (401), thereby driving the radial rod (407) to move relative to the axial support rod (406).

5. The coal mine shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first heating element (4) further includes: A heat transfer plate (408) is connected on one side to the other end of the radial rod (407) and on the other side to the outer casing (401).

6. The coal mine shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, The driving structure includes: A circular plate (410) is connected to one end of the heating resistance wire (403). A clearance hole is formed on the circular plate (410) to allow the radial rod (407) to pass. A through hole is also provided on the circular plate (410) and the axial support rod (406) is slidably fitted in the through hole. An electric push rod (411) is installed at its fixed end on the housing (401) and at its driving end connected to the annular plate (410) to drive the annular plate (410) to move along the central axis of the housing (401) to compress or stretch the heating resistance wire (403).

7. The coal mine shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heating component further includes a second heating assembly; the second heating assembly includes: The second heating element (5) is disposed inside the inner cylinder wall (2); the second heating element (5) has the same structure as the first heating element (4); the pipe (402) of the second heating element (5) is connected to the pipe (402) of the first heating element (4).

8. The coal mine shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coal mine shaft also includes: The power supply component includes an energy storage device (6) and a power generation component; the power generation component is electrically connected to the input terminal of the energy storage device (6), and the output terminal of the energy storage device (6) is electrically connected to the heating resistance wire (403) for supplying power to the heating resistance wire (403); The water supply component includes a water collection tank (10) and a water pump (11); the input end of the water pump (11) is connected to the water collection tank (10), and the output end of the water pump (11) is connected to the pipe (402) for pumping the water pump (11) in the water collection tank (10) into the pipe (402).

9. The coal mine shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The waterproof and heat-insulating layer (3) includes: A waterproof layer (301) is connected to the outer cylinder wall (1); The insulation layer (303) is disposed on the side of the waterproof layer (301) away from the outer cylinder wall (1) and is connected to the inner cylinder wall (2); A vapor barrier (302) is sandwiched between the waterproof layer (301) and the thermal insulation layer (303).

10. A method for constructing a coal mine shaft, characterized in that, The construction method for preparing the coal mine shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes: S1. Excavation: The well shaft is excavated using the drill-and-blast method or mechanical excavation method. During the excavation process, the diameter and verticality of the well shaft are controlled to ensure that they meet the design standards. S2. Construction of the outer cylinder wall: Tie a steel mesh on the excavated cylinder wall; after the steel mesh is tied, pour concrete and use a vibrator to compact the concrete during the pouring process to ensure that the concrete is dense; after the concrete reaches a certain strength, apply a high waterproof coating layer to its outer surface. During the application process, ensure that the coating is uniform and there are no missed areas. S3. Construction of the waterproof and thermal insulation layer: After the waterproof coating layer dries, lay the bentonite waterproof blanket for the waterproof layer. The overlap width between the bentonite waterproof blankets should not be less than 150mm, and they should be bonded with a special bentonite waterproof blanket adhesive. After the bentonite waterproof blanket is laid, lay a polyethylene film as a vapor barrier layer. The vapor barrier layer should be laid flat to avoid wrinkles. Lay polyurethane foam insulation boards as the insulation layer on the vapor barrier layer. Fill the gaps between the polyurethane foam insulation boards with polyurethane foam sealant to ensure the insulation effect. S4. Inner cylinder wall construction; binding steel fiber reinforced concrete layer reinforcement: evenly arrange the second heating element on the steel fiber reinforced concrete layer reinforcement; then pour steel fiber concrete: connect the second heating element to the two first heating elements; connect the first heating element to the power supply component and water supply component.

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