Plasma heating device, rare noble metal recovery equipment and method
By setting up a plasma generator and conductive electrodes in the heating chamber to form a current loop, and combining the arc ignition and lifting components to optimize the arc distribution, the problems of uneven heating and high energy consumption in the recovery of rare and precious metals are solved, achieving efficient and uniform heating, and improving the recovery rate and purity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511153723.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing plasma heating technology has problems such as uneven material heating and difficulty in energy consumption control in the recovery of rare and precious metals.
A plasma heating device is used. By setting up a plasma generator and conductive electrodes in the heating chamber, a current loop is formed. The material in the heating chamber is directly heated by an electric arc. The arc distribution is optimized by combining an arc-initiating device and a lifting device to achieve uniform heating.
It improves heating effect and efficiency, ensures uniform heating of materials, reduces energy consumption, and increases the recovery rate and purity of rare and precious metals.
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Figure CN121065481A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rare noble metal recovery, in particular to a plasma heating device, a rare noble metal recovery equipment and a method. BACKGROUND
[0002] Rare noble metals are indispensable in the industrial field due to their excellent oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, flexibility and catalytic activity, etc. However, the reserves of such metals are limited and non-renewable. With the wide application of catalysts in the fields of petrochemical industry, chemical industry, automobile exhaust treatment, etc., the number of waste catalysts is increasing, and the content of rare noble metals in waste catalysts is even higher than that in lean ores. Recovery of rare noble metals from waste catalysts not only has significant economic benefits, but also can reduce resource waste and environmental pollution. At present, waste catalysts are usually melted by plasma heating technology, but the phenomenon that the materials cannot be uniformly heated easily occurs, which affects the recovery efficiency and energy consumption control. SUMMARY
[0003] Therefore, the present application aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a plasma heating device that can improve the heating effect.
[0004] The present application also provides a rare noble metal recovery equipment.
[0005] The present application also provides a rare noble metal recovery method.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the technical solutions adopted by the present application are as follows: In a first aspect, the present application provides a plasma heating device, comprising: a heating furnace provided with a heating cavity; a plasma generating assembly comprising a plasma generating piece and a conductive electrode, both of which are connected with the heating furnace, and the plasma emission end of the plasma generating piece and the output end of the conductive electrode are both located in the heating cavity, the plasma is arranged close to the top of the heating furnace, and the conductive electrode is arranged close to the bottom of the heating furnace.
[0007] In an optional embodiment, the plasma generating assembly further comprises an arc striking piece, the arc striking piece is arranged in the heating cavity and connected with the output end of the conductive electrode, the arc striking piece is located at the bottom of the heating furnace and covers at least part of the bottom of the heating cavity; wherein the arc striking piece is made of conductive material.
[0008] In an optional embodiment, the plasma generating assembly further comprises a lifting piece, the lifting piece is arranged outside the heating furnace and connected with the top of the heating furnace, the plasma generating piece is connected with the lifting piece, and the lifting piece is used to drive the plasma generating piece to move between the top and the bottom of the heating furnace.
[0009] In an optional embodiment, the heating furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, the furnace body is provided with the heating cavity, and the top of the furnace body is further provided with an opening communicating with the heating cavity, and the furnace cover covers the opening and is sealingly connected with the furnace body.
[0010] In an optional embodiment, the furnace body is further provided with a slag discharge port and a discharge port, the slag discharge port and the discharge port are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the furnace body, the slag discharge port is arranged close to the top of the furnace body, and the discharge port is arranged close to the bottom of the furnace body.
[0011] In an optional embodiment, the furnace body has a main body layer, a heat preservation layer, an insulation layer and a protective layer, the heating cavity is arranged in the main body layer, the heat preservation layer is wrapped outside the main body layer, the insulation layer is wrapped outside the heat preservation layer, and the protective layer is wrapped outside the insulation layer.
[0012] In an optional embodiment, the furnace cover is provided with a feeding port, one end of the feeding port communicates with the heating cavity through the opening, and the other end of the feeding port is used for communicating with a feeding device.
[0013] In an optional embodiment, the furnace cover is further provided with a smoke discharge port and a pressure measuring port, the smoke discharge port, the feeding port and the pressure measuring port are arranged at intervals, and the smoke discharge port and the pressure measuring port both communicate with the heating cavity through openings.
[0014] In a second aspect, the application provides a rare noble metal recovery equipment, comprising the plasma heating device according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
[0015] In a third aspect, the application provides a rare noble metal recovery method, which is applied to the plasma heating device according to the preceding embodiments or the rare noble metal recovery equipment according to the preceding embodiments, and the rare noble metal recovery method comprises: powering the plasma generating part; powering the conductive electrode; adding the material to be heated into the heating furnace.
[0016] The plasma heating device of the application has the following advantages: In the plasma heating device of the present application, the heating cavity is used to accommodate the material to be heated, so as to heat the material to be heated, and the plasma generating element is used to generate an arc to heat the gas through the arc, so as to generate high-temperature plasma. Since the plasma emitting end of the plasma generating element is located in the heating cavity, when the plasma generating element is powered on, the high-temperature plasma will be emitted into the heating cavity to heat the material to be heated in the heating cavity. Since the output end of the conductive electrode is located in the heating cavity, and the plasma is arranged close to the top of the heating furnace, and the conductive electrode is arranged close to the bottom of the heating furnace, when the plasma generating element is powered on, if the conductive electrode is also powered on at the same time, an electric current loop can be formed between the plasma generating element and the conductive electrode. Thus, the arc generated by the plasma generating element can be guided from the top of the heating furnace to the bottom of the heating furnace, so that the arc can directly heat the material to be heated in the heating furnace. Thus, the heating effect of the heating cavity can be improved, so that the material to be heated in the heating cavity can be uniformly heated, thereby improving the heating effect of the material to be heated in the heating cavity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.
[0018] Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the plasma heating device in the present application is shown; Figure 2 The structural schematic diagram of the heating furnace in the present application is shown; Figure 3 The structural schematic diagram of the heating furnace in the present application is shown; Figure 2 The enlarged structural schematic diagram of A in the present application is shown; Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of the furnace cover in the present application is shown; Figure 5 The flow schematic diagram of the rare noble metal recovery method in the present application is shown.
[0019] Main element symbol explanation: 10-plasma heating device; 100-heating furnace; 110-heating cavity; 120-furnace body; 121-opening; 122-discharge port; 123-discharge port; 124-main body layer; 125-heat preservation layer; 126-heat insulation layer; 127-protection layer; 130-furnace cover; 131-charging port; 132-exhaust port; 133-pressure measuring port; 134-temperature measuring port; 200 - plasma generating assembly; 210 - plasma generating piece; 220 - conductive electrode; 230 - arc striking piece; 240 - lifting piece; 20 - material to be heated; 21 - waste residue; 22 - rare noble metal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which examples of the embodiments are shown, wherein the same or similar notations represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, only for explaining the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.
[0021] In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.
[0022] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.
[0023] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0024] In the present application, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, a first feature is "on" or "under" a second feature if the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact with an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature is "over", "above" and "on top of" the second feature if the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is higher in horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature is "under", "below" and "underneath" the second feature if the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is lower in horizontal height than the second feature.
[0025] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is shown that the plasma heating device 10 related to the embodiments of the present application comprises a heating furnace 100 and a plasma generating assembly 200.
[0026] Specifically, the heating furnace 100 is provided with a heating cavity 110; the plasma generating assembly 200 comprises a plasma generating piece 210 and a conductive electrode 220, both of which are connected with the heating furnace 100, and the plasma emission end of the plasma generating piece 210 and the output end of the conductive electrode 220 are both located in the heating cavity 110, the plasma is arranged close to the top of the heating furnace 100, and the conductive electrode 220 is arranged close to the bottom of the heating furnace 100.
[0027] In the plasma heating device 10 of the present application, the heating cavity 110 is used to accommodate the material to be heated 20, so as to heat the material to be heated 20, and the plasma generating piece 210 is used to generate an electric arc to heat the gas through the electric arc, thereby generating high-temperature plasma. Since the plasma emission end of the plasma generating piece 210 is located in the heating cavity 110, when the plasma generating piece 210 is powered on, the high-temperature plasma will be emitted into the heating cavity 110 to heat the material to be heated 20 in the heating cavity 110. Since the output end of the conductive electrode 220 is located in the heating cavity 110, and the plasma is arranged close to the top of the heating furnace 100, and the conductive electrode 220 is arranged close to the bottom of the heating furnace 100, when the plasma generating piece 210 is powered on, if the conductive electrode 220 is also powered on at the same time, an electric current loop can be formed between the plasma generating piece 210 and the conductive electrode 220. Thus, the electric arc generated by the plasma generating piece 210 can be guided from the top of the heating furnace 100 to the bottom of the heating furnace 100, so that the electric arc can directly heat the material to be heated 20 in the heating furnace 100. Thus, the heating effect of the heating cavity 110 can be improved, so that the material to be heated 20 in the heating cavity 110 can be uniformly heated, thereby improving the heating effect of the material to be heated 20 in the heating cavity 110.
[0028] It should be noted that inert gas and / or reducing gas is usually introduced into the plasma generating element 210, so that an inert atmosphere and / or a reducing atmosphere is always maintained in the heating cavity 110, some noble metals 22 will lose catalytic activity or be difficult to reduce after oxidation, the inert gas can isolate oxygen, so as to prevent the noble metals 22 (such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, etc.) from being oxidized, and ensure the recovery rate and purity thereof, if there are metal oxides in the material to be heated 20, the reducing gas can reduce them to metal elements, so as to improve the recovery rate of the noble metals, because the metal elements are easier to smelt and separate than the oxides; when the plasma generating element 210 is powered and the conductive electrode 220 is not powered, an electric arc will be generated between the electrodes of the plasma generating element 210, which will heat and ionize the gas in the plasma generating element 210 to form a high-temperature charged plasma, at this time, the electric arc only exists between the electrodes inside the plasma generating element 210 and does not enter the heating cavity 110, the heat is transferred to the material to be heated 20 by the ejected high-temperature plasma flame, this heating method is a non-transferred arc heating method, under this heating method, the heating energy is not concentrated enough, the heating efficiency is relatively low, and the energy consumption is relatively high; when the plasma generating element 210 is powered and the conductive electrode 220 is powered, the electric arc generated by the plasma generating element 210 will be guided to the conductive electrode 220, so that the heating cavity 110 is filled with the electric arc, at this time, the electric arc in the heating cavity 110 directly hits the material to be heated 20, this heating method is a transferred arc heating method, under this heating method, the heating energy is relatively concentrated, the heating efficiency is relatively high, and the heating effect is relatively good.
[0029] Further, the transferred arc heating method is more suitable for heating conductive materials, so that the electric arc can directly hit the conductive materials to improve the heating effect, in the embodiment, the material to be heated 20 is waste catalyst, and there is a large amount of noble metals 22 in the waste catalyst, that is, there is a large amount of conductive materials, therefore, the transferred arc heating method can improve the heating effect of the waste catalyst.
[0030] Specifically, the surface of the plasma generating element 210 is coated with a heat-resistant coating to improve the heat resistance of the plasma generating element 210.
[0031] Referring to Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1, the plasma generating assembly 200 further comprises an arc guiding element 230, which is arranged in the heating cavity 110 and connected with the output end of the conductive electrode 220, the arc guiding element 230 is located at the bottom of the heating furnace 100 and covers at least part of the bottom of the heating cavity 110; wherein the arc guiding element 230 is made of conductive material.
[0032] In the embodiment, since the arc leading member 230 is arranged in the heating cavity 110 and connected with the output end of the conductive electrode 220, and the arc leading member 230 is made of conductive material, when the plasma generating member 210 and the conductive electrode 220 are both powered, a current loop can be formed between the arc leading member 230 and the plasma generating member 210, so that the arc generated by the plasma generating member 210 can be guided to the arc leading member 230. Since the arc leading member 230 is located at the bottom of the heating furnace 100 and covers at least part of the bottom of the heating cavity 110, when the arc is guided to the arc leading member 230, the contact area of the arc with the conductive electrode 220 can be increased through the arc leading member 230, so that more arc can be guided to the arc leading member 230, further improving the arc density in the heating cavity 110, so that the material to be heated 20 in the heating cavity 110 can be in contact with the arc, thereby improving the heating uniformity of the material to be heated 20.
[0033] Specifically, in some embodiments, the arc leading member 230 is a high-power graphite plate. The high-power graphite plate has the advantages of high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity, and has strong high-temperature stability and low thermal expansion coefficient. In addition, the high-power graphite plate has strong chemical corrosion resistance and good oxidation resistance. In other embodiments, the arc leading member 230 can also be an arc leading plate made of conductive carbon bricks. The conductive carbon bricks have the advantages of high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, strong high-temperature stability, strong chemical corrosion resistance, and low cost.
[0034] Referring to Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the plasma generating assembly 200 further includes a lifting member 240 arranged outside the heating furnace 100 and connected with the top of the heating furnace 100. The plasma generating member 210 is connected with the lifting member 240, and the lifting member 240 is used to drive the plasma generating member 210 to move between the top and the bottom of the heating furnace 100.
[0035] In the embodiment, the plasma generating member 210 can be driven to rise and fall relative to the heating furnace 100 by the lifting member 240, so as to adjust the position of the plasma emission end of the plasma generating member 210 in the heating cavity 110, so that the position of the plasma generating member 210 in the heating cavity 110 meets the heating requirements of different capacities of the material to be heated 20.
[0036] Specifically, in the embodiment, the plasma generating assembly 200 comprises a plurality of plasma generating pieces 210, which are arranged at intervals on the top of the heating furnace 100, and the plasma emission end of each plasma generating piece 210 is located in the heating cavity 110, so that the heating efficiency and the heating uniformity of the material to be heated 20 are further improved by increasing the number of plasma generating pieces 210; each plasma generating piece 210 is connected with the lifting piece 240, so that the plurality of plasma generating pieces 210 can be driven by the lifting piece 240 to enable each plasma generating piece 210 to be lifted relative to the heating furnace 100.
[0037] Referring to Figure 2 The heating furnace 100 comprises a furnace body 120 and a furnace cover 130, the furnace body 120 is provided with a heating cavity 110, and the top of the furnace body 120 is further provided with an opening 121 which communicates with the heating cavity 110, and the furnace cover 130 covers the opening 121 and is sealingly connected with the furnace body 120.
[0038] In the embodiment, since the furnace cover 130 covers the opening 121 and is sealingly connected with the furnace body 120, the heating cavity 110 can be sealed by the furnace cover 130, so as to ensure the sealing of the heating cavity 110, and avoid the leakage of gas and the material to be heated in the heating cavity 110 out of the furnace body 120, thereby improving the safety performance and the environmental protection performance.
[0039] Specifically, in the embodiment, the plasma generating piece 210 penetrates the furnace cover 130, so that the plasma emission end of the plasma generating piece 210 is located in the heating cavity 110, and the plasma generating piece 210 is sealingly connected with the furnace cover 130, so as to ensure the sealing of the heating cavity 110.
[0040] Continuing to refer to Figure 2 The furnace body 120 is provided with a slag discharge port 122 and a discharge port 123, the slag discharge port 122 and the discharge port 123 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the furnace body 120, and the slag discharge port 122 is arranged close to the top of the furnace body 120, and the discharge port 123 is arranged close to the bottom of the furnace body 120.
[0041] Specifically, in the embodiment, after the waste catalyst is smelted in the heating cavity 110, the density of the noble precious metal 22 is higher than that of the waste residue 21, so that the noble precious metal 22 is usually concentrated at the bottom of the heating cavity 110, and the waste residue 21 is usually floated above the noble precious metal 22.
[0042] In the embodiment, since the residue outlet 122 is arranged close to the top of the furnace body 120 and the discharge outlet 123 is arranged close to the bottom of the furnace body 120, the rare noble metal 22 can be discharged from the discharge outlet 123 and the waste residue 21 can be discharged from the residue outlet 122, so as to separate the rare noble metal 22 from the waste residue 21.
[0043] Specifically, in the embodiment, the position of the discharge outlet 123 is required to satisfy that the rare noble metal 22 covers each position of the entrance of the discharge outlet 123, and the position of the residue outlet 122 is required to satisfy that the waste residue 21 covers each position of the entrance of the residue outlet 122, so as to ensure the sealing of the heating cavity 110, so that the rare noble metal 22 can be discharged from the discharge outlet 123 by siphon effect, and the waste residue 21 can be discharged from the residue outlet 122 by siphon effect.
[0044] Referring to Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the furnace body 120 comprises a main body layer 124, a heat preservation layer 125, a heat insulation layer 126 and a protective layer 127, the heating cavity 110 is arranged in the main body layer 124, the heat preservation layer 125 is wrapped outside the main body layer 124, the heat insulation layer 126 is wrapped outside the heat preservation layer 125, and the protective layer 127 is wrapped outside the heat insulation layer 126.
[0045] In the embodiment, since the heat preservation layer 125 is wrapped outside the main body layer 124, the main body layer 124 can be heat preserved by the heat preservation layer 125, so as to improve the heat preservation performance of the heating cavity 110. Since the heat insulation layer 126 is wrapped outside the heat preservation layer 125 and the protective layer 127 is wrapped outside the heat insulation layer 126, the heat insulation layer 126 can be heat insulated, so as to avoid heat transfer from the heat insulation layer 126 to the protective layer 127, further improve the heat preservation performance of the heating cavity 110, and avoid the protective layer 127 being overheated, reduce the possibility of the operator being scalded by accidentally touching the protective layer 127, and improve the safety performance.
[0046] Specifically, in the embodiment, the main body layer 124 is made of chrome corundum bricks or chrome corundum ramming mass. Chrome corundum is a high-grade refractory material with corundum (Al2O3) as the main component and a certain proportion of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) mixed in, which is widely used in industrial furnaces in high-temperature and strong-corrosion environments, such as glass melting furnaces, cement kilns, waste incinerators, chemical reaction furnaces, metallurgical furnaces, etc. Its performance is between corundum and chromium, and it has excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength and thermal shock stability, so as to prevent the penetration of molten metal and ensure the safety of the furnace body 120.
[0047] Specifically, in the embodiment, the heat preservation layer 125 is made of heat-resistant heat preservation bricks.
[0048] Specifically, in the embodiment, the heat insulation layer 126 is spliced by heat-resistant ceramic fiber plates, which have the advantages of light weight, high efficiency of heat insulation, high temperature resistance, easy processing, environmental protection and safety, etc.
[0049] Specifically, in the embodiment, the protective layer 127 is made of stainless steel, which has the advantages of corrosion resistance, high strength, beauty, easy processing, hygiene and environmental protection, etc.
[0050] Specifically, in the embodiment, the conductive electrode 220 passes through the protective layer 127, the heat insulation layer 126, the heat preservation layer 125 and the main body layer 124 in sequence and is sealingly connected with the protective layer 127, the heat insulation layer 126, the heat preservation layer 125 and the main body layer 124.
[0051] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the furnace cover 130 is provided with a charging port 131, one end of the charging port 131 communicates with the heating cavity 110 through the opening 121, and the other end of the charging port 131 is used for communicating with a charging device.
[0052] In the embodiment, the charging port 131 can be used to charge the heating cavity 110, and since the other end of the charging port 131 is used for communicating with the charging device, the air tightness of the heating cavity 110 can be ensured, and oxygen can be prevented from entering the heating cavity 110.
[0053] Specifically, in the embodiment, the charging device is a spiral conveying charging device, which continuously adds a broken particle mixture of a prescribed proportion of raw materials containing waste catalysts and auxiliary materials for smelting into the heating cavity 110 in a spiral charging manner, so as to improve the melting effect of the waste catalysts.
[0054] Continuing to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the furnace cover 130 is also provided with a smoke outlet 132 and a pressure measuring port 133, the smoke outlet 132, the charging port 131 and the pressure measuring port 133 are arranged at intervals, and the smoke outlet 132 and the pressure measuring port 133 both communicate with the heating cavity 110 through the opening 121.
[0055] In the embodiment, since the furnace cover 130 is also provided with the smoke outlet 132, when the waste catalysts are smelted, smoke dust can be discharged through the smoke outlet 132, and when the smoke dust is discharged through the smoke outlet 132, the pressure in the heating cavity 110 can be reduced, so that the heating cavity 110 is in a micro-negative pressure state, and the possibility of material overflow or leakage due to too high pressure in the heating cavity 110 is reduced; since the furnace cover 130 is also provided with the pressure measuring port 133, the pressure in the heating cavity 110 can be monitored in real time, so that the pressure in the heating cavity 110 is within a preset range.
[0056] Specifically, in the present embodiment, the furnace cover 130, the slagging port 122, and the electrodes of the plasma generating element 210 all need to be cooled by water cooling to improve the heat resistance and service life.
[0057] The rare noble metal 22 recovery device provided by the present embodiment comprises the plasma heating device 10.
[0058] In the rare noble metal 22 recovery device provided by the present application, the plasma heating device 10 can have a better heating effect, so that the rare noble metal 22 recovery device provided by the present application has a higher recovery rate and recovery efficiency.
[0059] Referring to Figure 5 The present application provides a rare noble metal 22 recovery method, which is applied to the plasma heating device 10 or the rare noble metal 22 recovery device, and the rare noble metal 22 recovery method comprises: S100: power on the plasma generating element 210; Specifically, the plasma generating element 210 is powered on to generate an electric arc between the electrodes of the plasma generating element 210, so that the gas is heated by the electric arc to generate high-temperature plasma.
[0060] S200: power on the conductive electrode 220; Specifically, the conductive electrode 220 is powered on to form a current loop between the plasma generating element 210 and the conductive electrode 220, so that the electric arc generated by the plasma generating element 210 is guided from the top of the heating furnace 100 to the bottom of the heating furnace 100.
[0061] S300: adding the material to be heated 20 into the heating cavity 110.
[0062] Specifically, the electric arc in the heating cavity 110 directly hits the material to be heated 20 to directly heat the material to be heated 20 by the electric arc.
[0063] In the rare noble metal 22 recovery method provided by the present application, when the plasma generating element 210 and the conductive electrode 220 are both powered on, a current loop is formed between the plasma generating element 210 and the conductive electrode 220, so that the electric arc generated by the plasma generating element 210 is guided from the top of the heating furnace 100 to the bottom of the heating furnace 100, so that the electric arc can directly heat the material to be heated 20 in the heating furnace 100, so that the heating effect of the heating cavity 110 can be improved, so that the material to be heated 20 in the heating cavity 110 can be uniformly heated, thereby improving the heating effect of the material to be heated 20 in the heating cavity 110.
[0064] Referring toFigure 4 As shown, the furnace cover 130 is also provided with a temperature measuring port 134, which is communicated with the heating cavity 110 through the opening 121 to measure the temperature in the heating cavity 110 in real time through the temperature measuring port 134. The rare noble metal 22 recovery method of the present application also includes: S201: The temperature in the heating cavity 110 is measured in real time through the temperature measuring port 134. When the temperature in the heating cavity 110 rises to a first preset temperature, the smoke exhaust port 132 is communicated with the smoke treatment device, so as to facilitate subsequent smoke and dust exhaust through the smoke exhaust port 132, and at the same time, the furnace is in a micro-negative pressure state.
[0065] Specifically, step S201 is operated after S200 and before S300.
[0066] Specifically, the first preset temperature T1 satisfies: 1500℃≤T1≤1600℃. If T1≤1500℃, the melting temperature requirement of the waste catalyst cannot be met, which will affect the recovery rate of the rare noble metal 22. If T1≥1600℃, the temperature in the heating cavity 110 will be too high, causing energy waste. Therefore, when 1500℃≤T1≤1600℃, the melting temperature requirement of the waste catalyst can be met, and the energy consumption can be reduced.
[0067] The rare noble metal 22 recovery method of the present application also includes: S301: When the material to be heated 20 is added to the heating furnace 100, the material is continuously added to the heating cavity 110 by screw feeding, and the material gradually added to the heating cavity 110 is heated at the same time. After the heating time reaches a preset heating time, the slag discharge port 122 is opened to discharge slag through the slag discharge port 122.
[0068] Specifically, step S301 is operated after S300.
[0069] Specifically, the preset heating time is determined according to the melting state of the material to be heated 20.
[0070] The rare noble metal 22 recovery method of the present application also includes: S302: When the material to be heated 20 is completely added to the heating furnace 100, the temperature in the heating cavity 110 is measured through the temperature measuring port 134. When the temperature in the heating cavity 110 rises to a second preset temperature, the heating cavity 110 is heat-insulated for a preset time length, so as to further improve the melting rate by increasing the temperature and prolonging the heat-insulating time, thereby improving the recovery rate of the rare noble metal 22.
[0071] Specifically, step S302 is operated after S301.
[0072] Specifically, the second preset temperature is T2, and 1600℃≤T2≤1650℃ is met; if T2≤1600℃, the purpose of improving the melting rate cannot be achieved, and if T2≥1650℃, energy waste will be caused; when 1600℃≤T2≤1650℃, the requirement of improving the melting rate can be met, and energy consumption can be reduced.
[0073] Specifically, the preset duration of heat preservation of the heating cavity 110 is determined according to the melting state of the material to be heated 20.
[0074] The rare noble metal 22 recovery method also includes: S303: When the content of the rare noble metal 22 in the material to be heated 20 is lower than the preset content, the discharge port 123 can be opened, so that the separated rare noble metal 22 can enter the next process.
[0075] Specifically, the step S303 is operated after S302.
[0076] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, different embodiments or examples described in the present specification and the features of different embodiments or examples can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
[0077] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present application, and those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A plasma heating device, characterized by, The application relates to a plasma heating device and a method for recovering rare noble metals. The plasma heating device comprises a heating furnace provided with a heating cavity; a plasma generating assembly comprising a plasma generating element and a conductive electrode, wherein the plasma generating element and the conductive electrode are connected with the heating furnace, the plasma emission end of the plasma generating element and the output end of the conductive electrode are located in the heating cavity, the plasma is arranged close to the top of the heating furnace, and the conductive electrode is arranged close to the bottom of the heating furnace. The plasma generating assembly further comprises an arc striking element arranged in the heating cavity and connected with the output end of the conductive electrode, the arc striking element is located at the bottom of the heating furnace and covers at least part of the bottom of the heating cavity.
2. The plasma heating device of claim 1, wherein The arc striking element is made of a conductive material. The plasma generating assembly further comprises a lifting element arranged outside the heating furnace and connected with the top of the heating furnace, the plasma generating element is connected with the lifting element, and the lifting element is used for driving the plasma generating element to move between the top and the bottom of the heating furnace.
3. The plasma heating device of claim 1, wherein The heating furnace comprises a furnace body provided with the heating cavity and a furnace cover, the top of the furnace body is further provided with an opening communicated with the heating cavity, and the furnace cover is sealedly connected with the furnace body at the opening.
4. The plasma heating device of claim 1, wherein The furnace body is further provided with a slag discharge port and a discharge port, the slag discharge port and the discharge port are arranged in the height direction of the furnace body, the slag discharge port is arranged close to the top of the furnace body, and the discharge port is arranged close to the bottom of the furnace body.
5. The plasma heating device of claim 4, wherein The furnace body has a main body layer, a heat preservation layer, an insulation layer and a protection layer, the heating cavity is arranged in the main body layer, the heat preservation layer is arranged outside the main body layer, the insulation layer is arranged outside the heat preservation layer, and the protection layer is arranged outside the insulation layer.
6. The plasma heating device of claim 4, wherein The furnace cover is provided with a feeding port, one end of the feeding port is communicated with the heating cavity through the opening, and the other end of the feeding port is used for being communicated with a feeding device.
7. The plasma heating device of claim 4, wherein The furnace cover is further provided with a smoke discharge port and a pressure measuring port, the smoke discharge port, the feeding port and the pressure measuring port are arranged at intervals, and the smoke discharge port and the pressure measuring port are communicated with the heating cavity through openings.
8. The plasma heating device of claim 7, wherein, The application relates to a plasma heating device and a method for recovering rare noble metals.
9. A rare noble metal recovery apparatus characterized by comprising: The application relates to a plasma heating device and a method for recovering rare noble metals. The plasma generating element is electrified; 10. A method for recovering a noble metal, characterized by, The conductive electrode is electrified; The heating furnace is added with materials to be heated.