Wear-resistant bucket wall plate, preparation method and loader

Abstract

The invention discloses a wear-resistant bucket wall plate, a preparation method and a loader, the wear-resistant bucket wall plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.03-0.10% of C, 0.10-0.30% of Si, 0.80-2.0% of Mn, 0.02-0.30% of Ni, 0.10-0.50% of Cr, 0.003-0.010% of B, 0.10-0.30% of Al, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 0.010% of P and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities, and the wear resistance of the bucket wall plate is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a wear-resistant bucket wall panel, its preparation method, and a loader, belonging to the field of metal material preparation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Loaders are common earthmoving and rock-moving machinery, widely used in mining, earthmoving, quarrying, logistics, ports, energy, steel, and urban construction. Their main function is to transfer various materials from one location to another. The bucket is the most commonly equipped work tool on a loader, undertaking the tasks of digging and transferring materials. During operation, it comes into direct contact with materials such as ore, coal, and stone, and is one of the main wear parts of the loader; its performance directly affects the customer's operating costs.

[0003] Currently, Q345 steel is commonly used for loader bucket sidewalls, with surface hardening to meet wear resistance requirements. However, Q345 is a high-strength steel, and its hardness after induction hardening is below 40 HRC, with a shallow hardened layer, which cannot meet the wear resistance requirements of bucket sidewalls. NM400 and NM450 materials are also used for bucket sidewalls. While these materials offer better wear resistance, they have poor low-temperature impact resistance and welding performance, are difficult to process and form, and are prone to cracking during bending, rendering them unusable. Therefore, improving the overall performance of bucket sidewalls, extending their service life, and reducing overall user costs have become urgent technical challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a wear-resistant bucket wall plate, a preparation method and a loader, so as to improve the wear resistance of the bucket wall plate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: In a first aspect, this application provides a wear-resistant bucket wall panel comprising the following chemical composition by weight percentage: C: 0.03~0.10%, Si: 0.10~0.30%, Mn: 0.80~2.0%, Ni: 0.02~0.30%, Cr: 0.10~0.50%, B: 0.003~0.010%, Al: 0.10~0.30%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.010%, balance is iron and unavoidable impurities.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, further, the mass percentage of C is 0.06–0.09%, the mass percentage of Mn is 1.2–1.6%, the mass percentage of B is 0.004–0.008%, the mass percentage of Ni is 0.12–0.22%, the mass percentage of Cr is 0.29–0.35%, and the mass percentage of Al is 0.18–0.24%.

[0007] Furthermore, the wear-resistant bucket wall plate has a hardness of not less than 47.5 HRC, an impact energy of not less than 182.5 J at 20℃, an impact energy of not less than 97.5 J at -40℃, and a pin disc wear amount of not more than 0.10 g.

[0008] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant bucket wall panel, comprising: The chemical composition described in the first aspect by mass percentage is vacuum smelted into steel ingots, and then forged, wherein the forging ratio is not less than 5; The forged steel ingot is heated and then hot-rolled, and then cold-rolled to obtain cold-rolled steel sheet; Cold-rolled steel sheets are heated and placed into a bucket wall plate mold for hot stamping to obtain wear-resistant bucket wall plates.

[0009] In conjunction with the second aspect, further, the deformation of the first hot rolling pass is not less than 50%, and the total deformation is 60-90%; the deformation of each cold rolling pass is 10-20%, and the total deformation is 10-60%.

[0010] Furthermore, the thickness of the cold-rolled steel sheet is 4-6 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the forging process is free forging, the forging temperature is 880-1000℃, and the forging ratio is 5-10.

[0012] Furthermore, the cold-rolled steel sheet is heated to 850-950℃, placed in a bucket wall panel mold for hot stamping, cooled to 250-400℃, and then slowly cooled to room temperature.

[0013] Furthermore, the bucket wall panel mold has a cooling channel and uses a water-cooled medium, an oil-cooled medium, or a gas-liquid mixed cooling medium.

[0014] Thirdly, this application provides a loader including a bucket, wherein the bucket wall plate is made of the wear-resistant bucket wall plate described in the first aspect.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by this application are as follows: Compared with existing surface-hardened Q345B, wear-resistant NM400, and NM450 bucket wall plates, this application achieves high toughness and high wear resistance of the bucket wall plate by optimizing the mass percentage of chemical composition, reducing the carbon content in the steel, increasing the boron content, and adopting a composite strengthening mechanism by adding trace alloying elements such as nickel, chromium, manganese, and aluminum.

[0016] This application provides a method for preparing wear-resistant bucket wall plates, which adopts hot stamping forming, avoiding the disadvantage of high-strength, high-hardness, and wear-resistant materials being prone to cracking during bending, and is conducive to realizing industrial production; the bucket wall plates prepared by smelting, forging, rolling, and hot stamping forming meet the requirements of high strength, high toughness, high wear resistance, and easy processing and forming of bucket wall plates. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present application will be further described below. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application more clearly, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] Current research on loader bucket sidewalls generally uses high-strength wear-resistant materials or high-strength steel plates, primarily surface-hardened Q345B or wear-resistant plates such as NM400 and NM450. If high-strength steel plates are used, their wear resistance is poor and cannot meet the wear requirements; if wear-resistant plates are used, cracking is likely to occur during the manufacturing process.

[0019] This application proposes a wear-resistant bucket wall plate, a preparation method, and a loader. It significantly reduces the carbon content in the steel and increases the boron content. It adopts a composite strengthening mechanism by adding trace alloying elements such as nickel, chromium, manganese, and aluminum to improve the wear resistance of the bucket wall plate. The wear-resistant bucket wall plate for loaders is prepared by smelting, forging, rolling, and hot stamping to meet the requirements of high strength, high toughness, high wear resistance, and easy processing and forming of the bucket wall plate.

[0020] This application provides a wear-resistant bucket wall panel comprising the following chemical composition by mass percentage: C: 0.03–0.10%, Si: 0.10–0.30%, Mn: 0.80–2.0%, Ni: 0.02–0.30%, Cr: 0.10–0.50%, B: 0.003–0.010%, Al: 0.10–0.30%, S: ≤0.015%, P: ≤0.010%, with the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.

[0021] This application provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant bucket wall panel, which specifically includes the following steps: S1) Smelting and forging: The material with the above composition is vacuum smelted into steel ingots and then forged; wherein, the forging heating temperature is 880~1000℃, the forging method is free forging, and the forging ratio is ≥5.

[0022] S2) Hot rolling and cold rolling: The forged steel ingot is heated and then hot rolled, and then cold rolled to obtain cold rolled steel sheet.

[0023] S3) Hot stamping: The cold-rolled steel sheet is heated and placed into the bucket wall plate mold for hot stamping to obtain the bucket wall plate.

[0024] The resulting bucket wall plate has a hardness ≥47.5HRC, an impact energy KV2 ≥182.5J at 20℃, an impact energy KV2 ≥135.5J at 0℃, an impact energy KV2 ≥97.5J at -40℃, and a pin disc wear amount ≤0.10g.

[0025] In the above S2), the first hot rolling pass has a deformation of more than 50% and a total deformation of 60-90%; each cold rolling pass has a deformation of 10-20% and a total deformation of 10-60%, and the thickness of the cold-rolled plate is 4-6mm.

[0026] The heating temperature of the cold-rolled steel plate in S3) above is 850-950℃. The bucket wall plate mold is equipped with a cooling channel and can be cooled by water cooling, oil cooling and various gas-liquid cooling media. After cooling to 250-400℃, the bucket wall plate is taken out and slowly cooled to room temperature.

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] This embodiment provides a wear-resistant bucket wall panel, which, by mass percentage of chemical composition, includes C: 0.03%, Si: 0.10%, Mn: 0.80%, Ni: 0.02%, Cr: 0.10%, B: 0.003%, Al: 0.10%, S: ≤0.015%, P: ≤0.010%, with the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.

[0029] Its preparation method is as follows:

[0030] S1) Smelting and forging: The material with the above composition is vacuum smelted into steel ingots, and the steel ingots are heated to 880°C for free forging, with a forging ratio of 5.

[0031] S2) Hot rolling and cold rolling: The forged steel ingot is heated and then hot rolled. The first pass of hot rolling is more than 50%, and the total deformation is 70%. The cold rolling is 12% per pass, and the total deformation is 40%. The final thickness of the cold rolled plate is 5.8mm.

[0032] S3) Hot stamping: The cold-rolled steel plate is heated to 850°C and placed into the bucket wall plate mold for hot stamping. After the cooling channel in the bucket wall plate mold is cooled to 250°C by water, the bucket wall plate is taken out and slowly cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-performance loader bucket wall plate.

[0033] Example 2:

[0034] This embodiment provides a wear-resistant bucket wall panel, which, by mass percentage of chemical composition, includes C: 0.08%, Si: 0.20%, Mn: 1.4%, Ni: 0.19%, Cr: 0.31%, B: 0.005%, Al: 0.20%, S: ≤0.015%, P: ≤0.010%, with the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.

[0035] Its preparation method is as follows:

[0036] S1) Smelting and forging: The material with the above composition is vacuum smelted into steel ingots, and the steel ingots are heated to 940°C for free forging, with a forging ratio of 7.

[0037] S2) Hot rolling and cold rolling: The forged steel ingot is heated and then hot rolled. The first pass of hot rolling is more than 50%, and the total deformation is 85%. The cold rolling is 18% per pass, and the total deformation is 30%. The final thickness of the cold rolled plate is 5.0 mm.

[0038] S3) Hot stamping: The cold-rolled steel plate is heated to 900°C and placed in the bucket wall plate mold for hot stamping. After the cooling channel in the bucket wall plate mold is cooled to 360°C by oil circulation, the bucket wall plate is taken out and slowly cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-performance loader bucket wall plate.

[0039] Example 3:

[0040] This embodiment provides a wear-resistant bucket wall panel, which, by mass percentage of chemical composition, includes C: 0.10%, Si: 0.30%, Mn: 2.0%, Ni: 0.30%, Cr: 0.50%, B: 0.010%, Al: 0.30%, S: ≤0.015%, P: ≤0.010%, with the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.

[0041] Its preparation method is as follows:

[0042] S1) Smelting and forging: The material with the above composition is vacuum smelted into steel ingots, and the steel ingots are heated to 1000°C for free forging, with a forging ratio of 10.

[0043] S2) Hot rolling and cold rolling: The forged steel ingot is heated and then hot rolled. The first pass of hot rolling is more than 50%, and the total deformation is 65%. The cold rolling is 15% per pass, and the total deformation is 50%. The final thickness of the cold rolled plate is 4.6mm.

[0044] S3) Hot stamping: The cold-rolled steel plate is heated to 950°C and placed in the bucket wall plate mold for hot stamping. After the cooling channel in the bucket wall plate mold is cooled to 300°C by passing an oil-water mixture through it, the bucket wall plate is taken out and slowly cooled to room temperature to obtain a high-performance loader bucket wall plate.

[0045] The physical and mechanical properties of the wear-resistant bucket wall panel prepared in Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1. The test parameters for pin wear are: load 300N, time 1h, rotation speed 180r / min, impact energy is determined according to GB / T 229-2020, and hardness is determined according to GB / T 230.1-2018.

[0046] Table 1:

[0047] Example 4: This embodiment provides a loader, whose bucket is provided with a wear-resistant bucket wall plate as described in any of embodiments 1 to 3 above.

[0048] This application optimizes the chemical composition, significantly reducing the carbon content and increasing the boron content in the steel. It also employs a composite strengthening mechanism by adding trace alloying elements such as nickel, chromium, manganese, and aluminum to improve the wear resistance of the bucket wall plate. A wear-resistant bucket wall plate for loaders is prepared through smelting, forging, rolling, and hot stamping, meeting the requirements of high strength, high toughness, high wear resistance, and easy processing. Furthermore, the use of hot stamping avoids the disadvantage of high-strength, high-hardness, and wear-resistant materials being prone to cracking during bending, which is conducive to industrial production.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, this application obtains a loader bucket wall plate through the above-described method for preparing a wear-resistant bucket wall plate, and the actual needs are met by adjusting the proportion of element content and the preparation process parameters. In the above embodiments of this application, the sequence number or order of the embodiments is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis, and for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. Several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant bucket wall panel, characterized in that, Includes the following chemical components by mass percentage: C: 0.03~0.10%, Si: 0.10~0.30%, Mn: 0.80~2.0%, Ni: 0.02~0.30%, Cr: 0.10~0.50%, B: 0.003~0.010%, Al: 0.10~0.30%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.010%, balance is iron and unavoidable impurities.

2. The wear-resistant bucket wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass percentage of C is 0.06–0.09%, the mass percentage of Mn is 1.2–1.6%, the mass percentage of B is 0.004–0.008%, the mass percentage of Ni is 0.12–0.22%, the mass percentage of Cr is 0.29–0.35%, and the mass percentage of Al is 0.18–0.24%.

3. The wear-resistant bucket wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wear-resistant bucket wall plate has a hardness of not less than 47.5 HRC, an impact energy of not less than 182.5 J at 20℃, an impact energy of not less than 97.5 J at -40℃, and a pin wear amount of not more than 0.10 g.

4. A method for preparing a wear-resistant bucket wall panel according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: The chemical composition of claim 1 by mass percentage is vacuum smelted into steel ingots, and then forged, wherein the forging ratio is not less than 5; The forged steel ingot is heated and then hot-rolled, and then cold-rolled to obtain cold-rolled steel sheet; Cold-rolled steel sheets are heated and placed into a bucket wall plate mold for hot stamping to obtain wear-resistant bucket wall plates.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The deformation in the first hot rolling pass is not less than 50%, and the total deformation is 60-90%; the deformation in each cold rolling pass is 10-20%, and the total deformation is 10-60%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the cold-rolled steel sheet is 4-6 mm.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The forging process is free forging, the forging temperature is 880-1000℃, and the forging ratio is 5-10.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process involves heating the cold-rolled steel sheet to 850-950℃, placing it in a mold for hot stamping, cooling it to 250-400℃, and then slowly cooling it to room temperature.

9. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bucket wall panel mold is equipped with a cooling channel and uses water cooling medium, oil cooling medium or gas-liquid mixed cooling medium.

10. A loader, comprising a bucket, characterized in that, The bucket wall plate of the shovel is made of the wear-resistant bucket wall plate as described in any one of claims 1-3.

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