Horizontal direction piling construction method and construction equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pile foundation construction, and discloses a horizontal piling construction method and equipment, and the method comprises the following steps: installing and leveling a horizontal guide rail in a construction site; a hydraulic pile hammer with a sliding frame is arranged on the guide rail; pile supporting frames are arranged on the front sections of the guide rails, and pile bodies are placed; the hydraulic pile hammer is dragged to horizontally move along the guide rail through the winding equipment and the pulley block, and a pile body is driven into a target soil layer through horizontal impact force generated by the hydraulic pile hammer. The equipment comprises a horizontal guide rail, a hydraulic pile hammer, a sliding frame, a pile supporting frame, winding equipment, a pulley block and a damper. According to the horizontal impact pile driving method, the thinking set that a pile body is vertical and depends on gravity in a traditional pile driving technology is broken through, pile foundation construction problems under special working conditions such as narrow spaces, high slopes and adjacent existing buildings are effectively solved through horizontal impact pile driving, and the horizontal impact pile driving method has the outstanding advantages of being high in construction efficiency, accurate in pile body positioning, small in environmental influence and high in equipment adaptability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of piling equipment, and particularly relates to a horizontal direction piling construction method and a construction equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] In many fields such as building engineering, bridge construction, port construction and the like, piling operation is a crucial basic construction link. The traditional piling method mainly adopts vertical piling, that is, the gravity of a pile hammer is mainly used to make the pile vertically penetrate into the ground. This piling method plays an important role in many conventional construction scenes, and the technology is relatively mature. However, with the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous development of underground space development and utilization and other engineering construction, more and more special construction environments and needs emerge, and the application scenarios of horizontal direction piling gradually increase. For example, in some narrow spaces, like the subway, the area with small distance between the underground parking lot and the existing building, the construction site adjacent to the existing building in the urban old street reconstruction and the like, the vertical piling equipment cannot normally operate due to its large size and the need for a large operating space; in some special structure support requirements, like the oblique support pile and the transverse anti-slide pile, the horizontal direction piling can effectively meet the requirements of the engineering structure on the stress of the pile body.

[0003] However, the traditional pile foundation construction, whether it is a driven pile, a pressed pile or a cast-in-place pile, has the common point that the pile body is finally in a vertical or approximately vertical state, and the construction stress mainly relies on the gravity potential of the pile hammer to be converted into impact energy, so as to vertically penetrate the pile body into the soil layer. However, such a method faces great challenges in the traditional vertical piling method in special working conditions such as the following: Narrow space construction: like the support in the subway tunnel and the reinforcement inside the building, the operating space is narrow, and the large vertical piling equipment cannot be deployed.

[0004] Slope support: when the anti-slide pile is constructed on a high slope, it is dangerous and difficult to vertically construct from the top of the slope, and the equipment is extremely inconvenient to be in place.

[0005] Adjacent to the existing building: when the pile foundation is constructed near the existing building, the vibration and soil squeezing effect of the vertical piling can easily cause adverse effects on the foundation of the existing building.

[0006] Currently, for horizontal rock and soil anchoring, the process of drilling and then implanting anchor rods and grouting is mostly used. However, this "drilling first and then implanting" process has several shortcomings: first, the bonding strength between the anchor rod and the soil after the hole is formed depends on the grouting quality, which is uncertain; second, for some hard soil layers, the hole formation itself is very difficult; third, the energy for implanting the pile is insufficient, and the construction period is relatively long. Although there are some low-clearance pile driving equipment in the prior art (such as CN220768051U clamping type hydraulic hammer), the essence is still vertical pile driving, only the height of the equipment is reduced, and the stress direction of pile driving is not changed. Currently, there is no construction method and special equipment for directly driving precast piles into the soil layer along the horizontal direction using a hydraulic pile hammer. The fundamental reason is that horizontal pile driving faces a series of technical difficulties: how to effectively transmit and guide the horizontal impact force, how to overcome the huge reaction force to keep the equipment stable, how to ensure the trajectory accuracy of the pile body during horizontal travel, and how to avoid the crushing damage of the pile head under horizontal impact, etc. These difficulties hinder the technical personnel in this field from simply "rotating 90 degrees" to apply the mature vertical hydraulic pile driving technology to the horizontal direction.

[0007] Therefore, the existing pile driving technology is concentrated in the vertical direction, and the horizontal hydraulic pile driving technology is an industry blank. There is a lack of horizontal pile driving construction method and equipment suitable for space-limited environment. The traditional vertical pile driving technology is difficult to be used in space-limited environment, has large noise and vibration, low construction efficiency, and high pile driving precision is difficult to control. SUMMARY

[0008] To solve the above problems in the prior art, the present application provides a horizontal pile driving construction method and construction equipment, which breaks the traditional pile driving mode of thinking, uses a hydraulic pile hammer, and provides an efficient and reliable horizontal pile driving technical solution. The pile driving kinetic energy is sufficient, the construction efficiency is high, and the pile driving precision is high, so as to meet the actual engineering requirements.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the technical solutions provided by the present application are as follows: A horizontal pile driving construction method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1: installing a horizontal guide rail at the construction site, and adjusting it to a horizontal state through the support feet at the bottom thereof; S2: placing a precast pile body on the pile supporting frame at the front section of the horizontal guide rail, and making the axis of the precast pile body parallel to the pile driving direction; S3: starting the winch equipment, and driving the hydraulic pile hammer provided with a sliding frame to move horizontally along the horizontal guide rail through the pulley block, so that the pile cap of the hydraulic pile hammer is aligned with the end of the pile body; S4: starting the hydraulic pile hammer, and using the horizontal impact force generated thereby to continuously drive the pile body into the target soil layer along the horizontal direction.

[0010] A horizontal pile driving device for implementing the construction method, comprising: A horizontal guide rail provided with adjustable height supporting feet at the bottom for providing a horizontal pile driving path guide; A hydraulic pile hammer provided with a pile cap adapted to the pile body at the front end; A sliding frame mounted on the hydraulic pile hammer for realizing a low-friction sliding connection between the hydraulic pile hammer and the horizontal guide rail; A pile supporting frame arranged at the front section of the horizontal guide rail for supporting and positioning the pile to be driven; A winch device and a pulley block, which together constitute a traction system, for pulling the hydraulic pile hammer to move along the horizontal guide rail; A damper mounted on the steel wire rope between the winch device and the hydraulic pile hammer.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application at least include the following points: Firstly, the present application uses hydraulic horizontal impact force under continuous pre-tightening force to drive piles by combining the construction method and the device, which solves the long-standing technical prejudice and problem: Technical difficulty one: counterforce stability problem. When driving vertically, the weight of the device and the weight of the pile hammer naturally provide stable counterforce. When driving horizontally, the huge horizontal impact force has nowhere to rely on, which easily leads to the backward movement or overturning of the entire device. The present application actively and continuously provides a horizontal clamping force opposite to the driving direction by setting the winch device, the steel wire rope traction system and the damper, which better solves the counterforce problem; and the damper effectively isolates the impact force of the hydraulic pile hammer from the winch device, which is a key prerequisite for horizontal pile driving.

[0012] Technical difficulty two: trajectory accurate control problem. Vertical pile driving has natural gravity guidance, while the pile body is easily deflected by the influence of inhomogeneous soil layer during horizontal pile driving. The present application provides rigid motion constraint and accurate guidance for the pile body by combining the horizontal guide rail, the sliding frame, the pile supporting frame and the winch device, which ensures the pile driving accuracy.

[0013] Technical difficulty three: pile head damage problem. When driving horizontally, the contact surface between the pile head and the hammer head is vertical, and the stress concentration is more obvious. The present application enables the impact force of the hydraulic pile hammer to be more evenly transmitted to the entire pile body by the cooperation of the pile cap, the horizontal guide rail, the sliding frame, the pile supporting frame, the winch device and the damper, rather than only acting on the pile head, which effectively prevents the pile head from being damaged.

[0014] Secondly, compared with the traditional drilling and implantation method, the present application can realize the following technical effects 1. Improved construction efficiency: This invention offers fewer process steps and greater pile driving energy. Tests show that, taking a single pile (6 meters) as an example, this invention takes an average of 25 minutes, while the traditional drilling and implantation method takes an average of 90 minutes for a single anchor rod (6 meters). Construction efficiency can be improved by at least 200%. This invention "drives" the precast pile body into the soil as a whole, rather than "drilling and implanting," which simplifies the process, enhances construction continuity, and results in high support strength after pile formation. 2. Reduced pile driving difficulty: The hydraulic pile hammer of this invention adopts a hydraulically driven impact mechanism, which can generate a powerful impact force and sufficient pile driving energy. It can successfully drive the pile horizontally into the soil layer in various geological conditions, greatly reducing the difficulty of pile driving and significantly improving construction efficiency. The pile quality of this invention is higher and it can adapt to more complex geological environments.

[0015] 3. Space saving: The entire piling equipment has a compact structure, and the design of components such as the horizontal guide rail and hydraulic piling hammer is reasonable, occupying little space. It can carry out piling operations normally even in narrow construction sites, such as subways, underground parking lots and areas with small distances between buildings, effectively solving the problem that traditional piling equipment cannot be used in space-constrained sites.

[0016] 4. Easy installation and disassembly: The various components of the equipment are connected using common methods such as bolts and welding, facilitating installation and disassembly. When moving between different construction sites, the equipment can be quickly disassembled and reassembled, greatly increasing construction flexibility and reducing construction costs.

[0017] 5. Wide range of applications: This invention is particularly suitable for construction environments with limited space, such as subway tunnel support, slope reinforcement and underground continuous wall construction, effectively expanding the application range of hydraulic pile hammers.

[0018] 6. High degree of automation: This invention can also use PLC control and other automated control systems to realize automated control and remote monitoring of the piling process, reduce the workload of on-site construction personnel, and improve construction efficiency and quality. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall main structure of the horizontal piling equipment under no-load conditions in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Fig. 2 This is a top view of the overall structure of the horizontal piling equipment under no-load conditions in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the horizontal piling equipment in the piling state in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: In the diagram: 1. Horizontal guide rail; 2. Hydraulic pile hammer; 3. Slide frame; 4. Pile support frame; 5. Winch; 6. Pile cap; 8. Damper; 9. Fixed pulley; 10. Moving pulley; 11. Pile body; 12. Support leg. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following will refer to the appendices in the embodiments of the present invention. Figs. 1-3 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Basic Implementation See Figs. 1-3 The horizontal piling construction method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: Install horizontal guide rail 1 at the construction site and adjust it to a horizontal state using the support feet at its bottom; The horizontal guide rail 1 adopts a segmented structure, with each segment connected by flanges and bolts, and its length can be customized and extended according to construction needs.

[0025] S2: Place the precast pile body 11 on the pile support frame 4 at the front end of the horizontal guide rail 1, and make the axis of the precast pile body 11 parallel to the pile driving direction. S3: Start the winch device 5, and pull the hydraulic pile hammer 2 with the slide 3 installed on it to move horizontally along the horizontal guide rail 1 through the pulley block, so that the pile cap 6 of the hydraulic pile hammer 2 is aligned with the end of the pile body 11. The winch device 5 uses frequency conversion speed regulation technology to control its speed and tension, so as to achieve smooth start-up, precise positioning and controllable impact of the hydraulic pile hammer 2. S4: Start the hydraulic pile hammer 2 and use the horizontal impact force it generates to continuously drive the pile 11 into the target soil layer in the horizontal direction. The damper 8, installed on the wire rope between the winch 5 and the hydraulic pile hammer 2, absorbs and dissipates the instantaneous impact force generated during pile driving, thereby protecting the winch 5.

[0026] During horizontal pile driving, the on-site personnel first install the horizontal guide rail 1 at the construction site and adjust the support feet 12 to keep the horizontal guide rail level. Then, the pile body 11 is placed on the pile support frame 4, and the height of the pile support frame 4 is adjusted so that the pile body 11 is aligned with the pile cap 6 of the hydraulic pile hammer 2. The winch device 5 is started, and the winch device 5 pulls the pulley block through the wire rope. The pulley block drives the hydraulic pile hammer 2 to move forward along the horizontal guide rail 1 and maintains tension (maintaining preload). When the hydraulic pile hammer 2 moves to a certain position, the impact mechanism is activated, and the hydraulic pile hammer 2 applies impact force to the pile body 11, driving the pile body 11 horizontally into the ground. During the pile driving process, the damper 8 monitors the impact force of the hydraulic pile hammer 2 in real time and protects the winch device 5 through its own damping effect. When one pile body 11 is driven, the winch device 5 reverses and pulls the hydraulic pile hammer 2 back to the initial position to prepare for the next pile driving operation.

[0027] A horizontal piling device for use in the aforementioned construction method includes: a horizontal guide rail 1, a hydraulic pile hammer 2, a slide 3, a pile support frame 4, a winch 5, a wire rope, a pulley block, and a damper 8. The horizontal guide rail 1 is made of steel with a yield strength of 360-570MPa and a tensile strength of 470-700MPa. Its surface is precision machined to reduce its surface roughness. Its bottom is equipped with adjustable height support feet 12 (triangular continuous hinged brackets) to provide horizontal piling path guidance. The hydraulic pile hammer 2 has a pile cap 6 at its front end that is adapted to the pile end of the pile body 11. The slide 3 is installed on the hydraulic pile hammer 2 and is used to realize a low-friction (smooth surface, lubricated) sliding connection between the hydraulic pile hammer 2 and the horizontal guide rail 1. The slide 3 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene composite material and has ball bearings installed inside, so that rolling friction is formed between the slide 3 and the horizontal guide rail 1.

[0028] The pile support frame 4 is located at the front of the horizontal guide rail 1 and is used to support and position the pile body 11 to be driven. The height of the pile support frame 4 can be adjusted according to the diameter and length of the pile body 11, and its support plate surface is provided with rubber pads.

[0029] The winch 5, wire rope and pulley block together constitute a traction system for pulling the hydraulic pile hammer 2 along the horizontal guide rail 1; the pulley block includes a fixed pulley 9 installed at the front end of the horizontal guide rail 1 and a movable pulley 10 connected to the hydraulic pile hammer 2.

[0030] The damper 8 is installed on the wire rope between the winch 5 and the hydraulic pile hammer 2.

[0031] The present invention provides a construction method and equipment for horizontal pile driving using a hydraulic pile hammer along a guide rail. This method and equipment drives precast piles, parallel to the ground and pre-set on a pile support frame on the horizontal guide rail, into the soil layer. It achieves horizontal hydraulic pile driving, utilizing the horizontal impact force of the hydraulic pile hammer instead of gravity. The combination of the horizontal guide rail and the pile support frame simultaneously guides the hydraulic pile hammer and the precast pile body to be horizontally aligned and move in the same direction, ensuring pile driving accuracy. A winch, wire rope, and damper are used for continuous pile delivery and auxiliary pile driving: the winch delivers the precast pile and hydraulic pile hammer to the driving position, maintaining pre-tension throughout the driving process to propel them forward and provide reverse support, significantly improving construction efficiency and quality.

[0032] The horizontal piling construction method and equipment provided in this embodiment have wide application needs in slope and sloping support, as well as subway and diaphragm wall construction. They can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the foundation and are suitable for construction environments with limited space. However, if conventional techniques such as traditional drilling and implantation are used, the driving force is small (insufficient pile driving energy), which cannot solve the problem of quickly and efficiently driving heavy and long precast piles into the soil.

[0033] Example 1 See Figs. 1-3 The horizontal piling construction method and equipment provided in this embodiment are for on-site horizontal piling under complex geological conditions on slopes. The specific conditions are as follows: Project conditions: A deep foundation pit support project for a high-rise building is being carried out next to a slope, requiring horizontal piling around the foundation pit; Pile specifications: 800mm diameter, 15m length reinforced concrete pile; Geological conditions: The soil layers are complex, including fill, cohesive soil, sand and gravel layers, and the groundwater level is 2m deep; Construction requirements: The impact of pile driving vibration on surrounding buildings needs to be controlled, and the vibration speed needs to be controlled within 2mm / s.

[0034] See Figs. 1-3 The horizontal piling construction method and equipment provided in this embodiment, based on the basic embodiment, further include the following: A horizontal piling device includes a horizontal guide rail 1, a hydraulic pile hammer 2, a slide 3, a pile support frame 4, a winch 5, a pulley block, and a damper 8. An adjustable-height support foot 12 is provided at the bottom of the horizontal guide rail 1. The slide 3 is mounted on the hydraulic pile hammer 2 and connects the hydraulic pile hammer 2 to the horizontal guide rail 1. The pile support frame 4 is welded to the front section of the horizontal guide rail 1 and consists of a frame and a support plate, with a rubber pad on the surface of the support plate. The winch 5 is an electric winch connected to the pulley block via a wire rope and used to pull the hydraulic pile hammer 2 forward. The pulley block includes a fixed pulley 9 and a movable pulley 10. The fixed pulley 9 is mounted at the front end of the horizontal guide rail 1, and the movable pulley 10 is connected to the horizontal guide rail 1. The hydraulic pile hammer 2 is connected; the damper 8 is installed on the wire rope between the winch 5 and the hydraulic pile hammer 2; the horizontal guide rail 1 serves as the foundation for the horizontal movement of the hydraulic pile hammer 2, and is made of steel, possessing good rigidity and stability; the surface of the horizontal guide rail 1 is precision machined, with high flatness, which can effectively reduce the friction of the hydraulic pile hammer 2 during movement, ensuring smooth operation of the hydraulic pile hammer; the length of the horizontal guide rail 1 is customized according to actual construction needs, adapting to pile driving projects of different scales; at the bottom of the horizontal guide rail 1, multiple height-adjustable support feet 12 are provided, and by adjusting the height of the support feet 12, the horizontal guide rail 1 can be kept horizontal, improving the accuracy of pile driving.

[0035] The horizontal guide rail 1 is made of steel with a yield strength between 360-570MPa and a tensile strength between 470-700MPa. The surface is precision machined, and the length can be customized according to actual construction needs.

[0036] The slide 3 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene composite material and has ball bearings installed inside. The slide 3 is installed on the hydraulic pile hammer 2 and is used to connect the hydraulic pile hammer 2 and the horizontal guide rail 1. The slide 3 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene composite material and is connected to the hydraulic pile hammer 2 by bolts. The connection is firm and reliable and easy to disassemble and replace. The slide 3 and the horizontal guide rail 1 adopt rolling friction. Multiple ball bearings are installed inside the slide 3. The ball bearings contact the surface of the horizontal guide rail 1, which reduces the friction when the hydraulic pile hammer 2 moves and improves the pile driving efficiency.

[0037] The height of the pile support frame 4 can be adjusted according to the diameter and length of the pile. The pile support frame 4 is welded to the front section of the horizontal guide rail 1. The pile support frame 4 consists of a frame and a support plate. The frame is welded from channel steel and has sufficient strength and rigidity. The support plate is installed on the frame. The surface of the support plate is provided with rubber pads, which can increase the friction between the support plate and the pile and prevent the pile 11 from shifting during movement. At the same time, the rubber pads can also play a buffering role and reduce the impact force on the pile 11 during pile driving. The height of the pile support frame 4 can be adjusted according to the diameter and length of the pile 11 to accommodate piles of different specifications.

[0038] The winch 5 employs variable frequency speed control technology. The winch 5 works in conjunction with a wire rope and pulley system to pull the entire hydraulic pile hammer 2 and precast pile 11 forward along the horizontal guide rail 1. The winch 5 uses an electric winch, which has significant traction force and stable operating performance. The control system of the winch 5 adopts advanced variable frequency speed control technology, which can precisely control the speed and pulling force of the winch 5 according to the actual needs of pile driving, achieving smooth start, acceleration, and stop of the hydraulic pile hammer 2. A wire rope is wound on the drum of the winch 5, with one end connected to the hydraulic pile hammer 2 and the other end passing around the pulley system, forming a closed traction system.

[0039] The damper 8 is a hydraulic damper, installed on the wire rope between the winch 5 and the hydraulic pile hammer 2. It protects the winch 5 and prevents damage from the instantaneous impact force of the hydraulic pile hammer 2 during operation. During pile driving, the winch 5 is constantly taut, maintaining a certain preload to provide support against the impact force. The hydraulic damper 8 works by utilizing the viscous resistance of the liquid to dissipate the impact force. When the hydraulic pile hammer 2 is impacted, the piston inside the damper 8 moves in the liquid, generating a damping force. The magnitude of the damping force is proportional to the piston's speed. By adjusting the damper's parameters, the damper 8 can quickly generate sufficient damping force when the hydraulic pile hammer 2 is impacted, isolating the impact force and effectively protecting the winch 5.

[0040] The hydraulic pile hammer 2 is equipped with a hydraulically driven impact mechanism, and a pile cap 6 adapted to the pile body is installed at the front end. The hydraulic pile hammer 2 is a key component for achieving horizontal driving of the pile body 11. The hydraulic pile hammer 2 is equipped with an impact mechanism, which is hydraulically driven. A high-pressure oil pump delivers hydraulic oil to the impact cylinder, pushing the piston to move at high speed and generating a strong impact force. The weight of the hydraulic pile hammer 2 is carefully designed to ensure sufficient impact force under different geological conditions and to ensure the stability of the entire device. At the front end of the hydraulic pile hammer 2, a pile cap 6 adapted to the pile body 11 is installed. The pile cap 6 is made of wear-resistant material, which can effectively reduce damage to the pile body during the pile driving process.

[0041] The slide 3 moves with the horizontal guide rail 1 by rolling friction.

[0042] Pulley block: Composed of fixed pulley 9 and movable pulley 10. Fixed pulley 9 is installed at the front end of horizontal guide rail 1, and movable pulley 10 is connected to hydraulic pile hammer 2. The function of pulley block is to change the direction and magnitude of force. By reasonably configuring the number and diameter of pulleys, the winch 5 can pull hydraulic pile hammer 2 with a smaller force, which improves the working efficiency of the device. At the same time, pulley block can also play a pre-tightening and buffering role, reducing the impact force of hydraulic pile hammer 2 during movement.

[0043] Pile 11: This refers to the precast pile 11 to be driven into the ground. The material of the pile 11 is selected according to the project requirements, such as concrete piles or steel piles. The length and diameter of the pile 11 are determined according to the specific engineering design. Anti-slip textures are provided on the surface of the pile 11 to increase the friction between the pile 11 and the soil and improve the stability of the pile 11.

[0044] This embodiment demonstrates a typical horizontal hydraulic piling construction scenario. The main working steps of this horizontal piling construction method are as follows: I. Installation of piling equipment 1. First, at the toe of the slope requiring slope protection, survey and lay out the lines to determine the horizontal piling path. Then, assemble the segmented horizontal guide rail 1, and precisely adjust its levelness and elevation using the supporting legs underneath. At the selected construction site, determine the installation position of the horizontal guide rail 1 according to the construction drawings. After transporting the horizontal guide rail 1 to the designated position, adjust the height of the supporting legs 12, and use a level to measure the levelness of the horizontal guide rail to ensure it is horizontal. Then, firmly fix the supporting legs 12 to prevent displacement of the horizontal guide rail 1 during construction.

[0045] 2. Install the slide 3 onto the hydraulic pile hammer 2, and connect the slide 3 to the hydraulic pile hammer 2 tightly with bolts. Check whether the connection between the slide 3 and the hydraulic pile hammer 2 is firm, and ensure that the slide 3 will not loosen during the pile driving process.

[0046] 3. Place the hydraulic pile hammer 2 with the slide 3 installed on the horizontal guide rail 1, so that the slide 3 has good contact with the surface of the horizontal guide rail 1. Weld the pile support frame 4 at the front of the horizontal guide rail 1. During welding, ensure the verticality and horizontality of the pile support frame 4 to ensure that the pile support frame 4 can stably support the pile body 11.

[0047] 4. Install the winch 5 and pulley block. Fix the winch 5 in a suitable position on the construction site, so that the center of the drum of the winch 5 and the center of the pulley block are on the same straight line. Install the fixed pulley 9 at the front end of the horizontal guide rail 1, and connect the movable pulley 10 to the hydraulic pile hammer 2. Then, wind the wire rope around the drum and pulley block of the winch 5 to form a complete traction system.

[0048] 5. Install a damper 8 on the wire rope between the winch 5 and the hydraulic pile hammer 2, ensuring that the damper 8 is installed in the correct position and is securely connected.

[0049] II. Piling Operation 1. Place the first precast pile 11 to be driven on the pile support frame 4, and adjust the height of the pile support frame 4 so that the center of the pile 11 is aligned with the center of the pile cap 6 of the hydraulic pile hammer 2. Check whether the pile 11 is stably placed on the pile support frame 4 to prevent the pile from shifting during the pile driving process.

[0050] 2. Start the winch 5. According to the construction requirements, adjust the speed and tension of the winch 5 through the frequency conversion speed control system so that the hydraulic pile hammer 2 moves slowly forward along the horizontal guide rail 1. When the hydraulic pile hammer 2 moves to a position close to the pile end of the pile body 11, appropriately reduce the moving speed of the hydraulic pile hammer 2 to ensure that the hydraulic pile hammer 2 can accurately hit the pile end of the pile body 11 through the pile cap. The traction system maintains tension when dragging the hydraulic pile hammer 2 on the horizontal guide rail 1 to a position close to the pile body 11 and during the subsequent pile driving process, providing a stable reaction force for the entire pile driving process.

[0051] 3. Activate the impact mechanism of the hydraulic pile hammer 2. Control the piston movement of the impact cylinder through the hydraulic system to apply a strong impact force to the pile end of the pile body 11. During the pile driving process, closely observe the driving situation of the pile body 11, such as its verticality and penetration depth. If any deviation or other abnormalities are found in the pile body 11, stop the pile driving operation immediately and make adjustments. Specifically, activate the hydraulic pile hammer 2 to apply a horizontal impact force to the pile end at a frequency of 40-60 times per minute. Under the combined action of the impact force and the clamping force, the pile body 11 is smoothly driven into the soil. Throughout the process, the operator monitors the trajectory of the pile body using a laser collimator. If a slight deviation is detected, the guide rail position can be corrected by fine-tuning the support legs, etc., to correct the deviation.

[0052] 4. After the first pile 11 is driven into place, the winch 5 reverses to pull the hydraulic pile hammer 2 back to its initial position, clearing the soil and debris around the pile 11, and preparing for the next pile driving operation. This embodiment is particularly suitable for the rapid construction of slope anti-slide piles, etc.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, a horizontal guide rail is used as the foundation for the horizontal movement of the hydraulic pile hammer and the pile body; a slide connecting the hammer and the horizontal guide rail is installed on the hydraulic pile hammer; a pile-dragging frame is welded to the front section of the horizontal guide rail to prevent the pile body from shifting due to gravity and pile cap gap; the entire hydraulic pile hammer is driven and gradually moved forward by the coordinated work of the winch, wire rope and pulley block, and a preload is provided; a damper protects the winch to prevent damage to the winch by the instantaneous impact force when the hydraulic pile hammer is working.

[0054] This invention provides a horizontal construction method that solves the problem of insufficient driving force when using existing hydraulic pile hammers for horizontal pile driving, making it difficult to achieve horizontal construction of cement precast piles, etc. The horizontal construction equipment is compact in design and closely coordinated, saving space. The entire set of equipment requires little space for normal construction, saving space. The entire set of construction equipment is easy to install and disassemble, greatly increasing the flexibility of construction.

[0055] In this embodiment, the horizontal piling equipment and construction method of the present invention are used for construction, and the following technical measures are adopted for complex geological conditions: Technical Measure 1: Adjust the piling parameters according to the characteristics of different soil layers. In cohesive soil layers, use a lower impact frequency (15 times / minute) and a higher impact energy (300kJ); in sand and gravel layers, use a higher impact frequency (25 times / minute) and a lower impact energy (150kJ).

[0056] Technical Measure 2: A buffer device is installed between the hydraulic pile hammer and the pile body, using a buffer structure combining rubber pads and springs to reduce the propagation of impact vibration.

[0057] Technical measure 3: Real-time monitoring of vibration parameters during pile driving, using vibration sensors and data acquisition systems, and automatically reducing impact energy or stopping pile driving when the vibration exceeds a preset threshold.

[0058] The piling parameters and effects under different soil conditions in this embodiment are shown in Table 1 below.

[0059] Table 1

[0060] Practical implementation has demonstrated that this embodiment achieved excellent construction results under complex geological conditions. In a heterogeneous geological environment of silty clay interbedded with sand, located only 5 meters from an old building, the vibration velocity was successfully controlled below 2 mm / s, far below the limits set by relevant regulations for sensitive buildings, thus meeting environmental protection requirements. The coaxiality error between the pile body and the pile hammer was controlled within 0.6%, and the positional deviation was less than 8 mm, indicating excellent construction quality. This invention solves the problems of existing horizontal pile foundation construction techniques being unable to drive heavy and long precast piles, as well as the complexity of the procedures. This proves the superior environmental friendliness and vibration control capabilities of this invention under complex geological conditions, expanding its application scope in densely populated urban areas.

[0061] Example 2 The horizontal piling construction method and equipment provided in this embodiment are applied to subway tunnel support engineering construction. Based on the aforementioned basic embodiment and embodiment 1, it further includes the following: The specific conditions for the subway tunnel support project in this embodiment are as follows: Project conditions: The subway tunnel has a diameter of 6m and a length of 1000m, and horizontal pile driving support is required inside the tunnel. Pile specifications: Steel pipe pile with a diameter of 600mm and a length of 12m, made of Q345 steel; Geological conditions: The tunnel passes through soil layers mainly consisting of cohesive soil and sand, with a high groundwater level; Construction requirements: Due to limited construction space, with a clearance height of only 4.5m inside the tunnel, it is necessary to control construction noise and vibration.

[0062] The construction process using the horizontal piling equipment and method of this invention includes the following specific steps: Step 1: Equipment Installation. Install a 15m long horizontal guide rail 1 inside the tunnel. Adjust the support feet 12 to control the horizontality error of the guide rail within ±0.1°. Install the slide carriage on the hydraulic pile hammer. The slide carriage is made of polytetrafluoroethylene composite material to ensure that the coefficient of friction between it and the guide rail is less than 0.1. Weld a pile support frame to the front section of the horizontal guide rail 1. The height of the pile support frame is adjustable from 0.5 to 1.5m. Step 2: Piling Operation. Place the 600mm diameter, 12m long steel pipe pile on the pile support frame, and adjust the height of the support frame to align the center of the pile with the center of the hydraulic pile hammer cap. Start the winch, moving the hydraulic pile hammer towards the pile at a speed of 0.5m / min. When it is 1m away from the pile, reduce the speed to 0.1m / min. Start the hydraulic pile hammer, setting the impact frequency to 20 times / minute and the energy of a single impact to 200kJ. Step 3: Continuous construction. The driving time for each pile is approximately 45 minutes, which is 30% shorter than traditional vertical pile driving techniques. After construction, the horizontality error of the pile body is controlled within ±0.5°, and the positional deviation is less than 10mm, meeting the design requirements. Practical implementation shows that the combination of the method and equipment in this embodiment successfully solves the problem of limited internal space in subway tunnels, improves construction efficiency by 40% compared to traditional methods, controls noise levels below 75dB, controls vibration velocity within 2mm / s, and has minimal impact on tunnel structure and surrounding environment.

[0063] Using the method and equipment of this invention, sidewall support can be performed in the narrow space of a subway tunnel. Steel pipe piles with a diameter of 600mm and a length of 12m can be driven into place in just 45 minutes per pile, with the final axis of the pile controlled within ±3mm of the design axis. This demonstrates the high efficiency and high precision of this invention in extreme spatial conditions, solving the problem of traditional equipment being unable to access the site for construction.

[0064] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that it is applied to lateral support inside a narrow tunnel. Due to the extremely limited space, the horizontal guide rail 1 is designed to be more compact. The precast pile body 11 is a small square steel pile. A pile clamping mechanism can also be provided, using hydraulic wedge-shaped clamps to firmly clamp the middle and rear parts of the precast pile body 11 before pile driving. This prevents the pile body from jumping and disperses the impact force, effectively protecting the pile head. This embodiment demonstrates the excellent adaptability of the invention in ultra-low headroom and narrow spaces, which is something that no other vertical pile driving equipment can achieve.

[0065] Example 3 The horizontal piling construction method and equipment provided in this embodiment are based on the aforementioned basic embodiments and embodiments 1-2, further integrating advanced control and monitoring technologies to achieve automated control and remote monitoring of the piling process. It further includes the following: The horizontal piling equipment also integrates an intelligent control system, which includes a PLC controller, an inclination sensor and servo hydraulic leveling module for automatically leveling the horizontal guide rail (1), an energy adaptive control module for adjusting the impact energy of the hydraulic pile hammer (2) in real time according to the penetration depth, and a fault diagnosis unit for monitoring the equipment status. The functions of the intelligent control system include: PLC control, automatic leveling, energy adaptation, and fault diagnosis; accuracy: horizontality ±0.1°, position accuracy ±1mm; system composition: including PLC controller, sensor array (network), human-machine interface, remote monitoring software, etc.

[0066] Control functions: automatic leveling, adaptive energy control, fault diagnosis, safety protection, etc. Monitoring parameters: levelness, impact force, impact frequency, pile displacement, vibration velocity, noise, etc. Control accuracy: horizontality ±0.1°, position accuracy ±1mm, impact energy control accuracy ±5%.

[0067] The specific functions of the intelligent control system are as follows: Function 1: Automatic leveling system. An inclination sensor monitors the levelness of the horizontal guide rail in real time. When the levelness deviation exceeds ±0.1°, the leveling mechanism is automatically activated, adjusting the height of the support feet to restore the guide rail to a level state. The leveling process takes no more than 30 seconds, and the leveling accuracy can reach ±0.05°.

[0068] Function 2: Energy adaptive control. Based on the pile material, diameter, length, and geological conditions, it automatically calculates the optimal impact energy and frequency. During pile driving, it monitors the pile penetration and rebound force in real time and dynamically adjusts the impact parameters to ensure a balance between pile driving efficiency and pile quality.

[0069] Function 3: Fault Diagnosis Unit. This unit monitors the real-time operating status of various components of the equipment via a sensor network, including parameters such as hydraulic system pressure, motor current, and temperature. When an abnormality is detected, it automatically issues an alarm signal and provides fault diagnosis information to guide maintenance personnel in troubleshooting.

[0070] Function 4: Remote monitoring program. This program transmits various parameters during the piling process to a remote monitoring center via a wireless network, including real-time video, piling parameters, and equipment status. The monitoring center can monitor the construction site in real time, remotely adjust piling parameters, and achieve remote command and management. A performance comparison between intelligent horizontal piling equipment and traditional piling equipment is shown in Table 2 below.

[0071] Table 2

[0072] The intelligent horizontal piling equipment and construction method provided in this embodiment significantly improve piling accuracy and construction efficiency. The levelness control accuracy has improved from ±0.5° to ±0.1°, the position control accuracy from ±5mm to ±1mm, and the piling efficiency has increased by 50%. Simultaneously, the fault diagnosis time has been shortened from 30 minutes to 5 minutes, greatly improving the reliability and availability of the equipment. The remote monitoring function enables unmanned management of the construction site, reducing labor costs and safety risks.

[0073] In other embodiments, the equipment's rapid deployment and workstation relocation capabilities can be further improved by modularizing the various parts and using standard interfaces (quick connections for hydraulic lines and electrical control plugs), thereby further enhancing the efficiency of multi-pile construction. This allows the entire equipment to be assembled or relocated on-site within one hour and piling to begin.

[0074] The key feature of the embodiments of this invention is that it breaks through the conventional mindset of relying on gravity in traditional pile driving technology. By using horizontal impact pile driving, it effectively solves the pile foundation construction problems in special working conditions such as narrow spaces, high slopes, and adjacent existing buildings. It has outstanding advantages such as high construction efficiency, accurate pile positioning, minimal environmental impact, and strong equipment adaptability. It efficiently combines the "hydraulic pile hammer" and "horizontal driving" through a specific process, and achieves a series of excellent technical effects such as high efficiency, high precision, and low vibration. The equipment provided by this invention has uniquely integrated the special needs of horizontal pile driving (such as horizontal guidance, low friction movement, reaction force provision and absorption, and precise positioning). In particular, the combination of "hydraulic pile hammer + horizontal guide rail + slide frame + winch pulley block + damper" constitutes the core system for achieving sufficient energy, stable operation, and high efficiency in horizontal impact pile driving. It can also be fine-tuned during the pile driving process, so that all parts together constitute a complete, efficient, and advanced technical solution.

[0075] Through the above specific embodiments, the present invention can effectively realize the various functions of the horizontal piling project construction, improve the construction efficiency and quality of horizontal piling, reduce construction costs, and meet the construction needs of different projects.

[0076] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for horizontal pile driving, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Install a horizontal guide rail (1) at the construction site and adjust it to a horizontal state through the support feet (12) at its bottom; S2: Place the precast pile body (11) on the pile support frame (4) at the front of the horizontal guide rail (1), and make the axis of the precast pile body (11) parallel to the pile driving direction; S3: Start the winch (5) and pull the hydraulic pile hammer (2) with the slide (3) installed on it to move horizontally along the horizontal guide rail (1) through the pulley block, so that the pile cap (6) of the hydraulic pile hammer (2) is aligned with the end of the pile body (11). S4: Start the hydraulic pile hammer (2) and use the horizontal impact force it generates to continuously drive the pile (11) into the target soil layer in the horizontal direction.

2. The horizontal piling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the winch device (5) uses frequency conversion speed regulation technology to control its rotation speed and tension, so as to achieve smooth start-up, precise positioning and controllable impact of the hydraulic pile hammer (2).

3. The horizontal piling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the instantaneous impact force generated during pile driving is absorbed and dissipated by a damper (8) installed on the wire rope between the winch (5) and the hydraulic pile hammer (2) to protect the winch (5).

4. The horizontal piling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the horizontal guide rail (1) adopts a segmented structure, and the segments are connected by flanges and bolts. Its length is extended according to construction requirements.

5. A horizontal piling device, characterized in that, The method for implementing the construction method according to any one of claims 1-4 includes: A horizontal guide rail (1) is provided at the bottom with adjustable height support feet (12) to provide horizontal piling path guidance; A hydraulic pile hammer (2) with a pile cap (6) adapted to the pile body (11) installed at its front end. The slide (3) is installed on the hydraulic pile hammer (2) to achieve a low-friction sliding connection between the hydraulic pile hammer (2) and the horizontal guide rail (1); The pile support frame (4) is set at the front section of the horizontal guide rail (1) to support and position the pile (11) to be driven. The winch (5) and the pulley block together constitute a traction system for pulling the hydraulic pile hammer (2) along the horizontal guide rail (1); The damper (8) is installed on the wire rope between the winch (5) and the hydraulic pile hammer (2).

6. The horizontal piling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The slide (3) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene composite material and has ball bearings installed inside, so that rolling friction is formed between the slide (3) and the horizontal guide rail (1).

7. The horizontal piling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The height of the pile support frame (4) can be adjusted according to the diameter and length of the pile body (11), and a rubber pad is provided on the surface of its support plate.

8. The horizontal piling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The horizontal guide rail (1) is made of steel with a yield strength of 360-570MPa and a tensile strength of 470-700MPa, and its surface is precision machined.

9. The horizontal piling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pulley assembly includes a fixed pulley (9) installed at the front end of the horizontal guide rail (1) and a movable pulley (10) connected to the hydraulic pile hammer (2).

10. The horizontal piling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The device also integrates an intelligent control system, which includes an inclination sensor and a servo hydraulic leveling module for automatically leveling the horizontal guide rail (1), an energy adaptive control module for adjusting the impact energy of the hydraulic pile hammer (2) in real time according to the penetration, and a fault diagnosis unit for monitoring the device status.

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