Organic solid waste efficient gasification integrated system and method
By using a multi-stage stepped furnace and a weighing-controlled organic solid waste treatment system, combined with a high-temperature gasifier and a mixture of steam and pure oxygen, the problem of instability in traditional preheating methods has been solved, achieving efficient and stable organic solid waste treatment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511330818.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-16
AI Technical Summary
Traditional organic solid waste treatment methods cannot be monitored in real time, resulting in unstable high-temperature gasification reactions and high energy consumption and low efficiency when processing large quantities.
The system employs a multi-stage stepped furnace and weighing devices, combined with unloading devices, to preheat and control the organic solid waste in stages. The organic solid waste undergoes secondary gasification in a high-temperature gasifier, using a mixture of water vapor and pure oxygen as the gasifying agent to achieve staged preheating and high-temperature gasification.
It improves the efficiency and stability of organic solid waste treatment, reduces energy consumption, and ensures the stability and efficiency of the preheating and high-temperature gasification processes.
Smart Images
Figure CN121136739A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and in particular to an organic solid waste efficient gasification integrated system and method. BACKGROUND
[0002] In the process of organic solid waste treatment, preheating treatment is usually required, and then high-temperature gasification treatment is implemented. The traditional preheating method has the following problems: first, the fixed time length blind heating method is adopted, and since the preheating effect cannot be monitored in real time, the reaction stability of the subsequent high-temperature gasification process is affected; second, when a large amount of organic solid waste is treated, centralized preheating not only has high energy consumption, but also has low treatment efficiency. SUMMARY
[0003] The present application aims to provide an organic solid waste efficient gasification integrated system and method to improve the efficiency and stability of organic solid waste treatment.
[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides an organic solid waste efficient gasification integrated system, comprising a pretreatment pyrolysis unit and a gasification reaction unit. The pretreatment pyrolysis unit comprises a multi-stage ladder furnace bed and a weighing device and a discharging device arranged at each stage of the ladder furnace bed, and the multi-stage ladder furnace bed is arranged in a ladder shape from top to bottom along the direction pointing to the gasification reaction unit. The gasification reaction unit comprises a high-temperature gasification furnace located at the end of the pretreatment pyrolysis unit.
[0005] In combination with the first aspect, the present application provides a first possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein each stage of the ladder furnace bed is inclined downward along the direction pointing to the gasification reaction unit.
[0006] In combination with the first aspect, the present application provides a second possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the pretreatment pyrolysis unit and the gasification reaction unit jointly form an integrated furnace.
[0007] In combination with the second possible implementation of the first aspect, the present application provides a third possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the integrated furnace is provided with a preheating gas channel and a high-temperature gas channel. The high-temperature gas channel extends upward from the top of the high-temperature gasification furnace, the preheating gas channel is in communication with the high-temperature gas channel, and the preheating gas channel extends from bottom to top along the multi-stage ladder furnace bed.
[0008] In combination with the third possible implementation of the first aspect, the present application provides a fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the preheating gas channel is provided with a flow dividing valve at one end in communication with the high-temperature gas channel.
[0009] With the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the application provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the top ends of the preheating gas channel and the high-temperature gas channel are connected with a coarse combined gas flow channel, and the coarse combined gas flow channel is in fluid communication with the tar separator.
[0010] With the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the application provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the tar outlet of the tar separator is in communication with the gasification reaction unit.
[0011] With the first aspect, the application provides a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the pre-treatment pyrolysis unit is provided with a screw feeder at the feeding end, and the screw feeder is provided with a hopper with an opening facing upward.
[0012] In the second aspect, the application provides an efficient organic solid waste gasification method using the integrated system for efficient organic solid waste gasification as described in the first aspect, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the weight loss rate of the organic solid waste in each stage of the stepped grate; when the weight loss rate of the organic solid waste in the upper stage of the stepped grate is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset value, starting the corresponding unloading device and conveying the organic solid waste to the lower stage of the stepped grate until the organic solid waste enters the high-temperature gasification furnace; diverting the high-temperature coarse synthesis gas generated in the high-temperature gasification furnace to the multi-stage stepped grates.
[0013] With the second aspect, the high-temperature gasification furnace uses a mixed gas of steam and pure oxygen as a gasification agent, wherein the oxygen equivalent ratio is 0.2 to 0.3.
[0014] The embodiments of the application have the following beneficial effects: the pre-treatment pyrolysis unit includes a multi-stage stepped grate and a weighing device and an unloading device arranged at each stage of the stepped grate, the multi-stage stepped grate is arranged in a stepped manner from top to bottom along the direction pointing to the gasification reaction unit, the gasification reaction unit includes a high-temperature gasification furnace at the end of the pre-treatment pyrolysis unit, the multi-stage stepped grate can realize the staged preheating treatment of the organic solid waste, and the weighing detection and unloading control can be realized at each stage of the stepped grate, which facilitates to ensure that the organic solid waste in each stage of the stepped grate can achieve the corresponding preset weight loss effect, and then the preheating treated organic solid waste is subjected to high-temperature gasification treatment by the high-temperature gasification furnace, which not only can improve the treatment efficiency of the organic solid waste, but also is beneficial to ensuring the stability of the preheating and high-temperature gasification process.
[0015] In order to make the above objectives, characteristics and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail below, and the accompanying drawings are referred to. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or the related art of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the specific embodiments or the related art description. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor based on these drawings.
[0017] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the organic solid waste efficient gasification integrated system provided by the embodiments of the present application.
[0018] Figure: 100 - pretreatment pyrolysis unit; 110 - stepped furnace bed; 120 - weighing device; 130 - unloading device; 200 - gasification reaction unit; 210 - high-temperature gasification furnace; 220 - gasification agent pipeline; 300 - preheating gas channel; 400 - high-temperature gas channel; 500 - split valve; 600 - coarse gas flow channel; 700 - tar separator; 800 - screw feeder; 810 - hopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0020] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used to describe the name difference, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. The physical quantities in the formula, such as no separate marking, should be understood as the basic quantities of the International System of Units, or the derived quantities derived from the basic quantities by multiplication, division, differentiation or integration and other mathematical operations.
[0021] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connecting" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integrally connected; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0022] As shown in Figure 1 The organic solid waste efficient gasification integrated system provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a pretreatment pyrolysis unit 100 and a gasification reaction unit 200; the pretreatment pyrolysis unit 100 includes a multi-stage stepped hearth 110 and a weighing device 120 and a discharging device 130 arranged at each stepped hearth 110, and the multi-stage stepped hearths 110 are arranged in a stepped manner from top to bottom along the direction pointing to the gasification reaction unit 200; the gasification reaction unit 200 includes a high-temperature gasification furnace 210 located at the end of the pretreatment pyrolysis unit 100.
[0023] The organic solid waste is placed in the stepped hearth 110 at the top layer, and is preheated and weighed step by step, and each stepped hearth 110 can heat the organic solid waste to a corresponding threshold value of weight loss rate (the ratio of weight loss value to original weight), and then the organic solid waste is discharged to the next stepped hearth 110 by the discharging device 130, so that the organic solid waste can be preheated step by step and its weight loss can be ensured to meet the standard, and the organic solid waste after the graded preheating treatment is conveyed to the high-temperature gasification furnace 210 by the discharging device 130 at the lowest level, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the organic solid waste and making the graded preheating and high-temperature gasification process more stable.
[0024] In the embodiment of the present application, each stepped hearth 110 is inclined downward along the direction pointing to the gasification reaction unit 200.
[0025] Among them, the stepped hearth 110 can be provided with 2 to 5 levels, and each stepped hearth 110 is inclined downward by 5 to 10 degrees, and as the organic solid waste is gradually reduced in weight, the organic solid waste is more easily conveyed to the next stepped hearth 110 under the double action of the discharging device 130 and gravity.
[0026] In the optional embodiment, the discharging device 130 can use a hydraulic device to drive the pushing action of the organic solid waste, and the discharging device 130 is retracted and withdrawn from the heating area of the stepped hearth 110 during the preheating process, and when the weight loss rate of the organic solid waste reaches the preset value, the corresponding discharging device 130 is started, thereby conveying the organic solid waste step by step downward.
[0027] Furthermore, the pretreatment pyrolysis unit 100 and the gasification reaction unit 200 are jointly constructed to form an integrated furnace. The pretreatment pyrolysis unit 100 and the gasification reaction unit 200 are integrated within the integrated furnace. The operating temperature of the high-temperature gasifier 210 is greater than or equal to 900℃, and the inner wall of the furnace of the high-temperature gasifier 210 is covered with a silicon carbide heat-resistant layer.
[0028] Furthermore, the integrated furnace is equipped with a preheating gas duct 300 and a high-temperature gas duct 400; the high-temperature gas duct 400 extends upward from the top of the high-temperature gasifier 210, the preheating gas duct 300 is connected to the high-temperature gas duct 400, and the preheating gas duct 300 extends from bottom to top along the multi-stage stepped furnace bed 110.
[0029] In the multi-stage stepped furnace 110, organic solid waste can be preheated to achieve dehydration, volatile matter release, and deep pyrolysis in sequence. The gas generated during the process can be discharged downstream through the preheating gas duct 300. In addition, part of the high-temperature gas generated by secondary gasification in the high-temperature gasifier 210 enters the high-temperature gas duct 400, and the other part can be diverted into the preheating gas duct 300, thereby achieving efficient utilization of thermal energy in a compact space.
[0030] Furthermore, a diversion valve 500 is installed at one end of the preheating gas duct 300 that connects to the high-temperature gas duct 400. The proportion of high-temperature gas diverted to the preheating gas duct 300 can be adjusted using the diversion valve 500.
[0031] Furthermore, the top ends of both the preheating air duct 300 and the high-temperature air duct 400 are connected to the coarse combined air duct 600, which is in fluid communication with the tar separator 700.
[0032] The airflow in the preheating air duct 300 and the high-temperature air duct 400 mixes and enters the coarse mixing air duct 600. The gas flowing into the tar separator 700 separates the tar and discharges it.
[0033] Furthermore, the tar outlet of the tar separator 700 is connected to the gasification reaction unit 200, and the tar is fed into the high-temperature gasifier 210 for another high-temperature gasification reaction.
[0034] In this embodiment, a screw feeder 800 is installed at the feed end of the pretreatment pyrolysis unit 100, and the screw feeder 800 is provided with an upward-facing hopper 810.
[0035] The screw feeder 800, weighing device 120, and unloading device 130 are all connected to the controller. Based on the weighing data from the weighing device 120, the weight loss rate of organic waste in the corresponding stepped hearth 110 can be calculated. When the weight loss rate reaches the corresponding preset value, the unloading device 130 is controlled to operate. In addition, the screw feeder 800 can be synchronously controlled along with the unloading device 130, thereby realizing continuous feeding of the stepped hearth 110.
[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the efficient gasification method for organic solid waste provided in this embodiment of the invention uses the integrated system for efficient gasification of organic solid waste described in the above embodiments. The method includes: The weight loss rate of organic solid waste in each step furnace bed 110 is obtained; wherein, multiple weighing devices 120 can detect the weight of organic waste in the corresponding step furnace bed 110 respectively, and calculate the weight loss rate based on the weight change of organic waste.
[0037] When the weight loss rate of organic solid waste in the previous stepped furnace 110 is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset value, the corresponding unloading device 130 is activated, and the organic solid waste is transported to the next stepped furnace 110 until the organic solid waste enters the high-temperature gasifier 210. The multi-stage stepped furnace 110 can be divided into three process stages. The first process stage mainly achieves weight loss through dehydration, with a weight loss rate of 20% to 30%. The second process stage mainly achieves weight loss through volatile matter analysis, with a weight loss rate of 50% to 60%. The third process stage mainly achieves weight loss through deep pyrolysis, with a weight loss rate greater than or equal to 80%.
[0038] The preheated and weight-reduced organic waste residue is fed into a high-temperature gasifier 210, where it undergoes secondary gasification. The high-temperature crude syngas generated in the high-temperature gasifier 210 can be diverted to a multi-stage stepped furnace bed 110, thereby making full use of thermal energy to preheat the organic waste.
[0039] It should be noted that the temperature of the lower layer of the multi-stage stepped furnace bed 110 is higher than that of the upper layer, the working temperature of the deep pyrolysis stage is higher than that of the volatile matter separation stage, the working temperature of the volatile matter separation stage is higher than that of the dehydration stage, and one end of the preheating gas duct 300, which is self-connected to the high-temperature gasifier 210, extends from bottom to top along the multi-stage stepped furnace bed 110, thereby achieving a reasonable distribution of preheating temperature.
[0040] Furthermore, under the condition that the temperature decreases from bottom to top in the multi-stage stepped furnace bed 110, the weight loss rate of organic solid waste on each stage of the stepped furnace bed 110 increases from the beginning to the end. The unloading device 130 is driven by hydraulic devices to push and unload the organic solid waste. By correspondingly controlling the pushing stroke of the hydraulic devices, the correlation control between the unloading amount and the weight loss rate of each stage of the stepped furnace bed 110 is achieved.
[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the high-temperature gasifier 210 uses a mixture of water vapor and pure oxygen as the gasifying agent, wherein the oxygen equivalent ratio is 0.2 to 0.3.
[0042] Multiple gasifying agent pipelines 220 are arranged circumferentially at intervals at the bottom of the high-temperature gasifier 210. The gasifying agent is introduced into the high-temperature gasifier 210 through the multiple gasifying agent pipelines 220. The gasifying agent impacts the organic solid waste residue in the high-temperature gasifier 210 from bottom to top, which can fully realize the mixing of the gasifying agent and the organic solid waste residue, and is conducive to improving the secondary gasification reaction efficiency of the organic solid waste residue in the high-temperature gasifier 210.
[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. An integrated system for high-efficiency gasification of organic solid waste, characterized in that, It includes a pretreatment pyrolysis unit (100) and a gasification reaction unit (200); The pretreatment pyrolysis unit (100) includes a multi-stage stepped furnace bed (110) and a weighing device (120) and a unloading device (130) disposed on each of the stepped furnace beds (110). The multi-stage stepped furnace beds (110) are arranged in a stepped manner from top to bottom along the direction pointing to the gasification reaction unit (200). The gasification reaction unit (200) includes a high-temperature gasifier (210) located at the end of the pretreatment pyrolysis unit (100).
2. The integrated system for high-efficiency gasification of organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the stepped furnace beds (110) is inclined downwards in the direction pointing towards the gasification reaction unit (200).
3. The integrated system for high-efficiency gasification of organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment pyrolysis unit (100) and the gasification reaction unit (200) together form an integrated furnace.
4. The integrated system for high-efficiency gasification of organic solid waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, The integrated furnace is equipped with a preheating gas duct (300) and a high-temperature gas duct (400). The high-temperature gas duct (400) extends upward from the top of the high-temperature gasifier (210), the preheating gas duct (300) is connected to the high-temperature gas duct (400), and the preheating gas duct (300) extends from bottom to top along the multi-stage stepped furnace bed (110).
5. The integrated system for high-efficiency gasification of organic solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, A diversion valve (500) is installed at one end of the preheating air passage (300) that connects to the high temperature air passage (400).
6. The integrated system for high-efficiency gasification of organic solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top ends of both the preheating air duct (300) and the high-temperature air duct (400) are connected to the coarse combined air duct (600), which is in fluid communication with the tar separator (700).
7. The integrated system for high-efficiency gasification of organic solid waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tar outlet of the tar separator (700) is connected to the gasification reaction unit (200).
8. The integrated system for high-efficiency gasification of organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed end of the pretreatment pyrolysis unit (100) is equipped with a screw feeder (800), and the screw feeder (800) is provided with an upward-opening hopper (810).
9. A method for efficient gasification of organic solid waste, characterized in that, The efficient gasification method for organic solid waste employs the integrated system for efficient gasification of organic solid waste as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and includes: Obtain the weight loss rate of organic solid waste in each stage of the stepped furnace bed (110); When the weight loss rate of organic solid waste in the stepped furnace bed (110) of the previous stage is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset value, the corresponding unloading device (130) is activated and the organic solid waste is transported to the stepped furnace bed (110) of the next stage until the organic solid waste enters the high temperature gasifier (210). The high-temperature crude syngas generated in the high-temperature gasifier (210) is diverted to the multi-stage stepped furnace bed (110).
10. The method for efficient gasification of organic solid waste according to claim 9, characterized in that, The high-temperature gasifier (210) uses a mixture of water vapor and pure oxygen as the gasifying agent, wherein the oxygen equivalent ratio is 0.2 to 0.3.