A shallow-buried, cut-and-cover tunnel end wall pile-anchor integrated support structure

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel and underground engineering construction technology, and discloses an integrated pile-anchor support structure for the end wall of a shallow-buried, mined tunnel. The structure includes a steel arch frame fixedly connected to the end wall; multiple micropiles arranged axially at equal intervals along the outline of the steel arch frame, all of which are inserted into the ground to form a pile wall; a connecting structure installed axially on the pile wall, comprising several first connecting members and several second connecting members. The first connecting members are detachably connected to the micropiles, and the outermost first connecting member is detachably connected to the steel arch frame. The second connecting members are installed between adjacent first connecting members; and a support structure including adjustable support members and limiting members. The adjustable support members are mounted on the second connecting members, with one end extending into the surrounding rock. The limiting members are mounted on the second connecting members to limit the adjusted support members. This invention provides quick installation, reliable connection, adjustable support angles, and forms a support structure with an integrated load-bearing system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel and underground engineering construction technology, and in particular to an integrated pile-anchor support structure for the end wall of a shallow buried tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] When constructing tunnels using the shallow-buried cut-and-cover method, the tunnel portal section is one of the most complex and risky parts in terms of stress transformation. In order to prevent the soil at the portal from collapsing and to ensure the safety of subsequent tunnel excavation, a sturdy end wall (or "reaction wall" or "retaining wall") is usually constructed on the inside of the portal.

[0003] Traditional end walls often employ large-volume reinforced concrete structures. While these structures are stable, they suffer from several significant drawbacks: First, they require extensive steel reinforcement, formwork erection, and concrete pouring, resulting in lengthy curing times and severely impacting construction progress. Second, once completed, traditional structures are difficult to adjust and cannot be dynamically optimized based on actual geological conditions. Furthermore, the fixed angles of support components such as anchor bolts prevent them from always being in optimal stress states. In existing structures, connections between various support components (such as piles, beams, and frames) are often welded or simply bolted, leading to poor joint performance and difficulty in rapid installation and disassembly. Steel arches, micropiles, and anchor bolts often fail to form a highly coordinated overall stress system, resulting in inadequate structural performance.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated pile-anchor support structure for the end walls of shallow-buried tunnels to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated pile-anchor support structure for the inner end wall of a shallow-buried, mined tunnel, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides an integrated pile-anchor support structure for the end wall of a shallow-buried, mined tunnel, comprising:

[0007] The steel arch frame is fixedly connected to the end wall;

[0008] Multiple micropiles are arranged axially at equal intervals along the outline of the steel arch frame, and all of the micropiles are inserted into the ground to form a pile wall.

[0009] A connecting structure is installed axially on the pile wall. The connecting structure includes a plurality of first connecting members and a plurality of second connecting members. The first connecting members are detachably connected to the micropile, and the outermost first connecting member is detachably connected to the steel arch frame. The second connecting members are installed between two adjacent first connecting members.

[0010] The support structure includes an adjustable support component and a limiting component. The adjustable support component is disposed on the second connecting component and one end extends into the surrounding rock. The limiting component is disposed on the second connecting component to limit the adjusted support component.

[0011] According to the present invention, a shallow buried tunnel end wall pile-anchor integrated support structure is provided. The first connecting member includes two mounting plates. The mounting plates are provided with arc-shaped grooves. The micropile is adapted to the arc-shaped grooves. Connecting ear plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the mounting plates. The two connecting ear plates on the same side of the two mounting plates are connected by bolts. After the two connecting ear plates are connected, a slot is formed on the side. The steel arch frame is provided with a groove on the side. The outermost connecting ear plate is connected to the groove through the slot.

[0012] According to the present invention, a shallow buried tunnel end wall pile-anchor integrated support structure is provided, wherein a through hole is opened on the micro pile, and a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the middle of the arc-shaped groove on one of the mounting plates, one end of the connecting pipe extending into the through hole, and a connecting screw is threadedly connected to the other mounting plate, one end of the connecting screw extending into the through hole and threadedly connected to the connecting pipe.

[0013] According to the present invention, a shallow buried tunnel end wall pile-anchor integrated support structure is provided, wherein the second connecting member includes a connecting beam, both ends of which are fixedly connected to connecting blocks, the connecting blocks are adapted to the slots, both ends of the connecting blocks are provided with circular grooves, and limit blocks are slidably connected in the circular grooves by springs, both ends of the slots are provided with limit holes, and the limit blocks are adapted to the limit holes.

[0014] According to the present invention, an integrated pile-anchor support structure for the end wall of a shallow buried tunnel is provided. The adjustable support component includes a support ball, a groove is provided on the connecting beam, a movable frame is slidably connected in the groove, the support ball is hinged to the middle of the movable frame, and a through hole is provided on the support ball for inserting an anchor rod, one end of which extends into the surrounding rock.

[0015] According to the present invention, a shallow buried tunnel end wall pile-anchor integrated support structure is provided, wherein the limiting member includes two sliders slidably connected to both ends inside the movable frame, the supporting ball is located between the two sliders, a limiting groove is opened on the side of the slider near the supporting ball, a plurality of limiting cones are fixedly connected in the limiting groove, the supporting ball is covered with a rubber layer, and the limiting cones are engaged in the rubber layer.

[0016] According to the present invention, a shallow buried tunnel end wall pile-anchor integrated support structure is provided, wherein the top and bottom ends of the movable frame are rotatably connected to a bidirectional threaded rod, the two sliders are respectively threaded to the two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod, a worm gear is rotatably connected to one side of the movable frame, a worm wheel is fixedly connected to one end of the bidirectional threaded rod, the worm wheel meshes with the worm gear, and a crank knob is fixedly connected to one end of the worm gear extending out of the movable frame.

[0017] According to the present invention, in a shallow buried tunnel end wall pile-anchor integrated support structure, the spacing between two adjacent micropiles is no greater than twice the diameter of the micropiles.

[0018] According to the present invention, a pile-anchor integrated support structure for the end wall of a shallow buried tunnel is provided, wherein a plurality of connecting holes are provided on the movable frame along the axial direction, and connecting bolts are provided on the connecting beam, and the connecting bolts are threadedly connected to the connecting holes.

[0019] According to the present invention, a pile-anchor integrated support structure for the end wall of a shallow buried tunnel is provided, wherein the micropile is a seamless steel pipe pile or a grouted steel pipe pile, and its interior is filled with cement grout or cement mortar.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0021] This invention provides an integrated pile-anchor support structure for the end wall of a shallow-buried, mined tunnel. During use, before the tunnel reaches the designed position from the tunnel entrance, multiple micropiles are installed along the designed outline to form a pile wall. Corresponding first and second connectors are installed on the pile wall to connect it to a steel arch frame and adjacent micropiles, forming a stable structure. The installation position and direction of the support components are adjusted, and stability is ensured by limiting components. The support components extend into the surrounding rock to connect with the pile wall, creating a cohesive whole consisting of the pile wall, the second connector, and the support components. This invention offers quick installation, reliable connection, adjustable support angle, and the ability to form a unified load-bearing system for the tunnel's end support structure. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the mounting plate of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation clamps in the separated state of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting block structure of the present invention;

[0028] The components are as follows: 1. Steel arch frame; 2. Micropile; 3. Mounting clamp; 4. Arc groove; 5. Connecting ear plate; 6. Slot; 7. Through hole; 8. Connecting pipe; 9. Connecting screw; 10. Connecting beam; 11. Connecting block; 12. Circular groove; 13. Spring; 14. Limiting block; 15. Limiting hole; 16. Support ball; 17. Sliding groove; 18. Moving frame; 19. Through hole; 20. Anchor rod; 21. Sliding block; 22. Limiting groove; 23. Limiting cone; 24. Rubber layer; 25. Bidirectional threaded rod; 26. Worm gear; 27. Worm wheel; 28. Crank handle knob; 29. ​​Connecting hole; 30. Connecting bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figures 1-5 This invention provides an integrated pile-anchor support structure for the end wall of a shallow-buried, mined tunnel, comprising:

[0032] Steel arch frame 1 is fixedly connected to the end wall;

[0033] Multiple micropiles 2 are arranged axially at equal intervals along the outline of the steel arch frame 1, and all micropiles 2 are inserted into the ground to form a pile wall.

[0034] The connecting structure is installed on the pile wall along the axial direction. The connecting structure includes several first connecting members and several second connecting members. The first connecting members are detachably connected to the micropile 2, and the first connecting member located on the outermost side is detachably connected to the steel arch frame 1. The second connecting members are installed between two adjacent first connecting members.

[0035] The support structure includes adjustable support components and limiting components. The adjustable support components are mounted on the second connector and one end extends into the surrounding rock. The limiting components are mounted on the second connector to limit the adjusted support components.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, during use, before the tunnel is excavated to the designed position from the tunnel entrance, multiple micropiles 2 are constructed along the designed outline to form a pile wall. Corresponding first and second connectors are installed on the pile wall to connect the pile wall with the steel arch frame 1 and to connect adjacent micropiles 2 to form a stable structure. The installation position and direction of the support member are adjusted and its stability is ensured by limiting members. The support member extends into the surrounding rock to connect with the pile wall, so that the pile wall-second connector-support member form a whole that works together to bear the load.

[0037] As an optional implementation, the first connector includes two mounting plates 3, with an arc-shaped groove 4 on the mounting plates 3. The micro pile 2 is adapted to the arc-shaped groove 4. Connecting ear plates 5 are fixedly connected to both sides of the mounting plates 3. The two connecting ear plates 5 on the same side of the two mounting plates 3 are connected by bolts. After the two connecting ear plates 5 are connected, a slot 6 is formed on the side. A groove is opened on the side of the steel arch frame 1. The outermost connecting ear plate 5 is connected to the groove through the slot 6.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, the micropile 2 can be quickly and firmly clamped by the mounting clamp 3 with the arc groove 4 and the connecting ear plate 5. At the same time, the outermost mounting clamp 3 is connected to the steel arch frame 1 through the formed slot 6, realizing a reliable and quick connection between the pile wall and the steel arch frame 1, and enhancing the overall integrity.

[0039] As an optional implementation, the micropile 2 has a through hole 7. A connecting pipe 8 is fixedly connected to the middle of the arc groove 4 on one mounting plate 3. One end of the connecting pipe 8 extends into the through hole 7. A connecting screw 9 is threadedly connected to another mounting plate 3. One end of the connecting screw 9 extends into the through hole 7 and is threadedly connected to the connecting pipe 8.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, radial locking is achieved by inserting the connecting pipe 8 and the connecting screw 9 into the through hole 7 of the micropile 2, which greatly enhances the shear resistance and pull-out resistance between the connector and the micropile 2, prevents loosening of the connection point, and ensures effective transmission of node force.

[0041] As an optional implementation, the second connector includes a connecting beam 10, with connecting blocks 11 fixedly connected to both ends of the connecting beam 10. The connecting blocks 11 are adapted to the slots 6. Circular grooves 12 are opened at both ends of the connecting blocks 11. Limiting blocks 14 are slidably connected in the circular grooves 12 by springs 13. Limiting holes 15 are opened at both ends of the slots 6, and the limiting blocks 14 are adapted to the limiting holes 15.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the connecting block 11 is inserted into the slot 6, the limiting block 14 driven by the spring 13 automatically pops into the limiting hole 15 to complete the locking, which simplifies the installation process, improves construction efficiency, and facilitates the modular assembly and disassembly of the entire connection structure.

[0043] As an optional implementation, the adjustable support includes a support ball 16, a groove 17 on the connecting beam 10, a movable frame 18 slidably connected in the groove 17, the support ball 16 hinged in the middle of the movable frame 18, and a through hole 19 on the support ball 16 for inserting an anchor rod 20, one end of which extends into the surrounding rock.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hinged connection between the supporting sphere 16 and the movable frame 18 allows the angle of the inserted anchor rod 20 to be adjusted in three-dimensional space. This allows construction personnel to precisely adjust the anchor rod 20 to the optimal anchoring direction according to the actual geological conditions and stress requirements, greatly improving the flexibility and scientific nature of the support.

[0045] As an optional implementation, the limiting component includes two sliders 21 that are slidably connected to both ends inside the movable frame 18, a supporting ball 16 located between the two sliders 21, a limiting groove 22 is formed on the side of the slider 21 near the supporting ball 16, a plurality of limiting cones 23 are fixedly connected in the limiting groove 22, a rubber layer 24 is covered on the supporting ball 16, and the limiting cones 23 are engaged in the rubber layer 24.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, the driving slider 21 clamps the supporting ball 16, and the limiting cone 23 pierces the rubber layer 24 on the surface of the ball to generate a huge frictional force, so that after the angle of the anchor rod 20 is adjusted, it can be firmly locked to prevent deflection due to vibration or force during construction and use.

[0047] As an optional implementation, the top and bottom of the movable frame 18 are rotatably connected to a bidirectional threaded rod 25. The two sliders 21 are respectively threaded to the two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 25. A worm gear 26 is rotatably connected to one side of the movable frame 18. A worm wheel 27 is fixedly connected to one end of the bidirectional threaded rod 25. The worm wheel 27 meshes with the worm gear 26. One end of the worm gear 26 extends out of the movable frame 18 and is fixedly connected to a crank knob 28.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the worm gear 26 and worm wheel 27 are driven by the crank knob 28, which in turn drives the bidirectional threaded rod 25 to control the opening and closing of the slider 21. The worm gear mechanism has a large reduction ratio and reverse self-locking characteristics, which not only achieves precise control of the clamping force, but also ensures that the locked state will not loosen on its own under the tension of the anchor rod 20.

[0049] As an optional implementation, the distance between two adjacent micropiles 2 is no greater than twice the diameter of the micropiles 2.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, the formed pile wall is ensured to have sufficient density to effectively transmit earth pressure, prevent soil detachment between piles, and enhance the overall rigidity and water-stopping effect of the pile wall.

[0051] As an optional implementation, the movable frame 18 is provided with a plurality of connecting holes 29 along the axial direction, and the connecting beam 10 is provided with connecting bolts 30, which are threadedly connected to the connecting holes 29.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, the position of the support unit on the connecting beam 10 can be flexibly adjusted by the cooperation of the connecting bolt 30 with different connecting holes 29, so that the support layout can adapt to different geological conditions and design spacing requirements.

[0053] As an optional implementation, the micropile 2 is a seamless steel pipe pile or a grouted steel pipe pile, which is filled with cement grout or cement mortar.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the micropile 2 is a seamless steel pipe pile or a grouted steel pipe pile, which clarifies the specific materials and structure of the micropile 2, providing both high strength and bonding and anchoring with the soil. Grouting can diffuse and penetrate into the surrounding soil, further improving soil strength and forming a reliable foundation for pile-soil synergy.

[0055] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0056] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shallow-buried tunnel hole inner end wall pile-anchor integrated support structure, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of steel arch (1), fixedly connected on end wall;Multiple micro piles (2) are arranged in axial equidistant along the contour line of the steel arch (1), and multiple micro piles (2) are inserted into ground to form a pile wall;Connecting structure is installed on the pile wall in axial direction, and the connecting structure includes several first connecting pieces and several second connecting pieces, the first connecting piece is detachably connected on the micro pile (2), and the first connecting piece located in the most side is detachably connected with the steel arch (1), and the second connecting piece is installed between two adjacent first connecting pieces;Supporting structure includes adjustable supporting member and limiting member, the adjustable supporting member is arranged on the second connecting piece, and one end extends into surrounding rock, and the limiting member is arranged on the second connecting piece for limiting the supporting member after adjustment;The first connecting piece includes two installation clamps (3), arc slot (4) is opened in the installation clamps (3), the micro pile (2) is matched with the arc slot (4), and the installation clamps (3) are fixedly connected with connecting lug plate (5) on both sides;Two connecting lug plates (5) on the same side of two installation clamps (3) are connected by bolt, and the connecting lug plate (5) is connected after two connecting lug plates (5) and forms clamping groove (6) on the side, recess is opened in the side of the steel arch (1), and the connecting lug plate (5) located in the most side is connected with the recess through the clamping groove (6);Through hole (7) is opened in the micro pile (2), connecting pipe (8) is fixedly connected in the middle of the arc slot (4) on one installation clamps (3), one end of the connecting pipe (8) extends into the through hole (7), and connecting screw rod (9) is threadedly connected on the other installation clamps (3), one end of the connecting screw rod (9) extends into the through hole (7) and is threadedly connected with the connecting pipe (8);The second connecting piece includes connecting beam (10), and connecting block (11) is fixedly connected on both ends of the connecting beam (10), the connecting block (11) is matched with the clamping groove (6), round groove (12) is opened in both ends of the connecting block (11), limiting block (14) is slidably connected in the round groove (12) by spring (13), limiting hole (15) is opened in both ends of the clamping groove (6), and the limiting block (14) is matched with the limiting hole (15);The adjustable supporting member includes support ball (16), sliding slot (17) is opened in the connecting beam (10), and moving frame (18) is slidably connected in the sliding slot (17), the support ball (16) is hinged in the middle of the moving frame (18), through hole (19) is opened in the support ball (16), and the through hole (19) is used for threading anchor rod (20), and one end of the anchor rod (20) extends into surrounding rock. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The shallow-buried tunnel hole inner head wall pile-anchor integrated support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting piece comprises two sliding blocks (21) slidingly connected at two ends inside the moving frame (18), the supporting ball (16) is located between the two sliding blocks (21), a limiting groove (22) is formed on one side of the sliding block (21) close to the supporting ball (16), a plurality of limiting cones (23) are fixedly connected in the limiting groove (22), and a rubber layer (24) is coated on the supporting ball (16).

3. The shallow-buried tunnel portal wall-pile-anchor integrated support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the top end and the bottom end inside the moving frame (18) are rotationally connected with a bidirectional screw rod (25), the two sliding blocks (21) are respectively threadedly connected with two ends of the bidirectional screw rod (25), one side of the moving frame (18) is rotationally connected with a worm (26), one end of the bidirectional screw rod (25) is fixedly connected with a worm wheel (27), the worm wheel (27) is engaged with the worm (26), and one end of the worm (26) extending out of the moving frame (18) is fixedly connected with a handle knob (28).

4. The shallow-buried tunnel hole inner head wall pile-anchor integrated support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent micro piles (2) is not greater than twice the diameter of the micro pile (2).

5. The shallow tunneling tunnel hole inner head wall pile-anchor integrated support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of connecting holes (29) are formed on the moving frame (18) in the axial direction, the connecting beam (10) is provided with a connecting bolt (30), and the connecting bolt (30) is threadedly connected with the connecting hole (29).

6. The shallow tunneling tunnel hole inner head wall pile-anchor integrated support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro pile (2) is a seamless steel pipe pile or a grouting steel pipe pile, and is filled with cement slurry or cement mortar.

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