Floating type chuck structure with limiting assembly and assembly process

Abstract

The invention relates to a floating type chuck structure with a limiting assembly and an assembly process. The floating type chuck structure comprises a base, a main shaft, a mandrel, a sleeve, a spacer ring, a disc spring, a thrust ring, a stay bolt, a rocker arm, a flat pin and an operation screw. According to the adjustable elastic floating device, the adjustable elastic floating function of the main shaft is achieved through the floating limiting assembly composed of the main shaft, the core shaft, the sleeve, the spacer ring, the disc spring and the thrust ring, the disc spring can generate axial elastic deformation in the stress state, impact loads generated by workpiece size errors or clamping eccentricity are absorbed, the clamping process is more stable and reliable, and the clamping precision is improved. The threaded connection mode of the thrust ring and the sleeve enables the pre-tightening force to be accurately adjusted according to different working conditions, so that controllability of floating rigidity is achieved, the structure effectively avoids workpiece deformation caused by excessive clamping in a traditional rigid chuck, machining precision and clamping stability are improved, and the service life of the chuck is prolonged. And the long-term use reliability and the repeatable positioning precision of the floating mechanism are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of floating chuck technology, and in particular to a floating chuck structure and assembly process with limit components. Background Technology

[0002] Chucks are one of the most commonly used clamping devices in machine tool fixtures. They are widely used in CNC lathes, machining centers and automated production lines to achieve workpiece positioning and clamping. Traditional chucks mostly adopt a rigid structure, that is, the clamping force is transmitted and locked through mechanical transmission.

[0003] In practice, some problems still exist:

[0004] Existing floating chucks have the following shortcomings: First, they have a complex structure, a large number of parts, high assembly precision requirements, and are inconvenient to maintain.

[0005] Secondly, the elastic limit components usually adopt a fixed pre-tightening method, which cannot adjust the elastic stiffness according to the working conditions, resulting in inflexible clamping force control;

[0006] Third, in the working environment, chips, coolant or dust can easily enter the floating mechanism, causing wear or jamming of the elastic elements;

[0007] Fourth, after long-term use, the limiting screw rings of some chucks are prone to loosening, affecting the floating stability and service life;

[0008] In addition, the force transmission system of traditional floating chucks often uses multi-stage levers or slider mechanisms, which have long force transmission paths and complex structures. This can easily lead to transmission gaps and response delays. When adjusting the clamping force or clamping workpieces of different specifications, operators need to repeatedly disassemble parts or readjust the position, which is inefficient and can easily cause inconsistent floating amounts, affecting clamping repeatability. Summary of the Invention

[0009] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0010] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a floating chuck structure and assembly process with a limiting component, thus resolving the issues raised in the background section.

[0011] (II) Technical Solution

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0013] A floating chuck structure and assembly process with limit components, including a base, spindle, mandrel, sleeve, spacer ring, disc spring, thrust ring, tie rod bolt, rocker arm, flat pin and operating screw;

[0014] The main shaft is rotatably mounted on the base, the spindle is set in the center hole of the main shaft, the spindle is sleeved, and the sleeve is provided with a spacer ring and a disc spring in sequence. The end of the disc spring is limited by a thrust ring to form an axial elastic floating structure.

[0015] The tie rod bolt is connected to the operating screw via a rocker arm and a flat pin to achieve workpiece clamping and release. The base is provided with a sealing plate and a protective cover to form a protective sealing structure.

[0016] Preferably, the thrust ring and the end of the sleeve are connected by a thread to form an adjustable preload structure; by tightening the thrust ring, the compression of the disc spring can be changed, thereby adjusting the floating stiffness of the spindle.

[0017] Preferably, a flat washer, an elastic washer, a gasket and a hexagonal nut are sequentially installed at the end of the spindle and fixed with a threaded connector to lock the spindle and the mandrel assembly.

[0018] Preferably, the sealing plate is fixed to the base by countersunk hexagonal screws, flat hexagonal screws, and cylindrical head hexagonal screws, and the sealing plate and the base are connected by cylindrical pins for positioning.

[0019] Preferably, the outer end of the spindle is provided with a positioning element and a expanding sleeve. The expanding sleeve is used to fix the external jaws, and the positioning element is used to prevent axial displacement of the spindle.

[0020] Preferably, the base is provided with lifting eye bolts and a nameplate for handling the whole machine and equipment identification, and the base is provided with connecting screws to fix the protective cover.

[0021] Preferably, a lubrication nozzle is provided between the mandrel and the spindle for injecting lubricating oil to reduce friction, and the fit clearance between the spindle and the mandrel is precisely adjusted by a shim.

[0022] Preferably, the connection between the rocker arm and the tie rod bolt is provided with a movable pin to achieve a flexible hinge.

[0023] The operating screw can be manually driven by a wrench lever to adjust the clamping force.

[0024] Preferably, the disc springs are arranged in a double-layered symmetrical configuration, and the elastic properties are adjusted by changing the stacking direction. A lubricating pad layer is provided between the spacer ring and the disc spring.

[0025] Preferably, a floating assembly process with limiting components includes the following steps:

[0026] S1: Install the mandrel into the main shaft, and install the matching sleeve, spacer ring, disc spring and thrust ring in sequence to make the floating limit assembly form a complete axial elastic structure.

[0027] S2: Install the spindle onto the base and use cylindrical pins for precise positioning to ensure the coaxiality of the spindle and the base.

[0028] S3: Install the tie rod bolt, rocker arm, flat pin and operating screw in sequence, and use the movable pin to achieve flexible linkage, thus forming a force transmission and clamping system;

[0029] S4: Install the sealing plate and protective cover;

[0030] The sealing plate is fixed to the base using countersunk head socket screws, flat head socket screws, and cylindrical head socket screws;

[0031] The protective cover is connected to the base via external connecting screws to form a complete protective sealing structure;

[0032] S5: Install the positioning components and expansion sleeve, lock the end of the spindle, and make precise adjustments using shims to ensure floating clearance and rotational accuracy;

[0033] S6: Lubricating oil is injected through the lubrication nozzle to lubricate and maintain the internal floating components, and the spindle floating and clamping performance is tested using a wrench to ensure stable and reliable operation of the whole machine.

[0034] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0036] 1. In this invention, the adjustable elastic floating function of the spindle is realized by the floating limiting assembly composed of the spindle, mandrel, sleeve, spacer ring, disc spring and thrust ring. The disc spring can undergo axial elastic deformation under stress, absorbing the impact load caused by workpiece size error or clamping eccentricity, making the clamping process more stable and reliable. The threaded connection between the thrust ring and the sleeve allows the preload to be precisely adjusted according to different working conditions, thereby realizing the controllability of floating stiffness. This structure effectively avoids workpiece deformation caused by excessive clamping in traditional rigid chucks, improves machining accuracy and clamping stability, and ensures the long-term reliability and repeatable positioning accuracy of the floating mechanism.

[0037] 2. In this invention, a mechanical force transmission system composed of a tie rod bolt, a rocker arm, a flat pin, and an operating screw achieves an efficient conversion from rotary operation to axial clamping. The operating screw drives the rocker arm to swing, and the rocker arm then transmits torque to the tie rod bolt via the flat pin, thereby driving the expansion sleeve at the end of the spindle to clamp or release the workpiece. This force transmission path is short and has high mechanical efficiency. Furthermore, the flexible hinge connection achieved through the movable pin effectively reduces friction and stress concentration between moving pairs. Compared with traditional rigid drive structures, the structure of this invention has a faster response speed, higher transmission accuracy, and can maintain good dynamic stability during high-frequency operation.

[0038] 3. In this invention, the sealing plate, protective cover, and various screws are combined to achieve the dual functions of sealing protection and high-precision positioning. The sealing plate is reliably connected to the base by countersunk hexagonal screws, flat hexagonal screws, and cylindrical head hexagonal screws, and is positioned by cylindrical pins, thereby ensuring the coaxiality of the sealing plate and the spindle axis. The protective cover effectively prevents chips, dust, and coolant from entering the floating limit mechanism, significantly improving the durability and maintenance convenience of the equipment. The lifting eye bolts on the base facilitate overall handling, the nameplate is used for equipment identification, and the reasonable arrangement of screws ensures that the outer shell is firmly assembled. This design enables the internal structure of the chuck to maintain good protection and operating accuracy even in complex working environments.

[0039] 4. In this invention, the combined design of the lubricating nozzle, gasket, threaded connector and wrench lever makes the maintenance and adjustment process more efficient and convenient. The lubricating nozzle is set between the spindle and the spindle, which can realize targeted oil injection and significantly reduce friction and wear.

[0040] Shims are used to fine-tune the gap between the spindle and the mandrel to ensure float and rotational accuracy;

[0041] Threaded fasteners allow for quick assembly, disassembly, and locking of components, facilitating maintenance.

[0042] The wrench lever provides a user-friendly interface, making clamping force adjustment more intuitive. This structure not only improves the service life of the device but also reduces maintenance costs. It can maintain stable performance under various clamping conditions, achieving reliability and ease of maintenance for the floating chuck in high-precision manufacturing and long-term operation. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional portion of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flat pin portion of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly process flow of the present invention.

[0050] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0051] 1. Base; 2. Tie rod bolt; 3. Rocker arm; 4. Flat pin; 5. Socket head cap screw; 6. Flat washer; 7. Elastic washer; 8. Cylindrical pin; 9. Washer; 10. Operating screw; 11. Lubrication nozzle; 12. Hex nut; 13. Threaded connector; 14. Sealing plate; 15. Socket head cap screw; 16. Cylindrical head socket head cap screw; 17. Eye bolt; 18. Nameplate; 19. Protective cover; 20. Connecting screw; 21. Sleeve; 22. Spacer ring; 23. Disc spring; 24. Adjustable pin; 25. Wrench lever; 26. Spindle; 27. Positioning component; 28. Mandrel; 29. ​​Expansion sleeve; 30. Thrust ring. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0053] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the floating chuck structure and assembly process with limiting components of the present invention includes a base 1, a main shaft 26, a spindle 28, a sleeve 21, a spacer ring 22, a disc spring 23, a thrust ring 30, a tie rod bolt 2, a rocker arm 3, a flat pin 4, and an operating screw 10.

[0054] The main shaft 26 is rotatably mounted on the base 1. The spindle 28 is set in the center hole of the main shaft 26. The sleeve 21 is sleeved on the spindle 28. The sleeve 21 is provided with a spacer ring 22 and a disc spring 23 in sequence. The end of the disc spring 23 is limited by the thrust ring 30 to form an axial elastic floating structure.

[0055] The tie rod bolt 2 is connected to the operating screw 10 via the rocker arm 3 and the flat pin 4, and is used to clamp and release the workpiece. The base 1 is provided with a sealing plate 14 and a protective cover 19 to form a protective sealing structure. In actual implementation, a floating limit system is formed by the base 1, spindle 26, mandrel 28, sleeve 21, spacer 22, disc spring 23, and thrust ring 30 to realize the axial elastic floating function of the spindle 26. The spindle 26 is rotatably mounted on the base 1. The mandrel 28 is set in the center hole of the spindle 26. The sleeve 21 is sleeved on the mandrel 28. The spacer 22 and disc spring 23 are arranged in sequence inside the sleeve 21. The end of the disc spring 23 is limited by the thrust ring 30, so that the spindle 26 can generate controllable elastic displacement when subjected to axial external force, thereby effectively compensating for workpiece installation errors. The tie rod bolt 2 is connected to the operating screw 10 through the rocker arm 3 and the flat pin 4 to form a force transmission system. The operating screw 10 drives the rocker arm 3 to rotate and drive the tie rod bolt 2 to clamp or loosen. The base 1 is equipped with a sealing plate 14 and a protective cover 19 to form a closed protective structure to prevent chips and dust from entering the internal mechanism and improve the overall stability and service life.

[0056] Optionally, the thrust ring 30 and the sleeve 21 are connected by threads to form an adjustable preload structure. Tightening the thrust ring 30 changes the compression of the disc spring 23, thereby adjusting the floating stiffness of the spindle 26. In actual implementation, the threaded connection between the thrust ring 30 and the sleeve 21 allows the compression of the disc spring 23 to be adjusted by tightening or loosening the thrust ring 30, forming an adjustable preload structure. This design allows the stiffness of the floating limit component to be flexibly adjusted according to machining conditions, clamping force, or workpiece weight. When the thrust ring 30 is tightened, the disc spring 23 generates a larger elastic preload, increasing the floating stiffness of the spindle 26, suitable for high-rigidity positioning. When the thrust ring 30 is loosened, the compression of the disc spring 23 decreases, increasing the floating range of the spindle 26, suitable for flexible clamping applications. This structure allows for rapid adjustment without disassembling components, ensuring both clamping stability and machining accuracy, while avoiding stress attenuation of the disc spring 23 due to prolonged use, thus extending the overall machine's service life.

[0057] Optionally, a flat washer 6, an elastic washer 7, a gasket 9, and a hexagonal nut 12 are sequentially installed at the end of the spindle 26 and fixed with a threaded connector 13 to lock the spindle 26 and the spindle 28 assembly. In actual implementation, the flat washer 6, elastic washer 7, gasket 9, and hexagonal nut 12 are sequentially installed at the end of the spindle 26 and fixed with a threaded connector 13, forming a reliable locking structure. The flat washer 6 is used to distribute the shaft end pressure and prevent local deformation. The elastic washer 7 provides anti-loosening torque to prevent the spindle 26 from loosening under high-frequency vibration. The gasket 9 is used to fine-tune the fit clearance between the spindle 26 and the spindle 28, thereby ensuring that the floating mechanism operates within the optimal elastic range. The combination of the hexagonal nut 12 and the threaded connector 13 ensures the stability of the locking and the accuracy of repeated assembly. This combined structure not only effectively prevents the end of the spindle 26 from displacing under clamping force, but also allows for precise adjustment of the floating clearance by changing the thickness of the gasket 9, thereby improving the rotational accuracy and operational stability of the spindle 26.

[0058] Optionally, the sealing plate 14 is fixed to the base 1 using countersunk head hexagonal screws 5, flat head hexagonal screws 15, and cylindrical head hexagonal screws 16. The sealing plate 14 and the base 1 are connected by a cylindrical pin 8 for positioning. In actual implementation, a multi-point fixing and positioning structure is adopted between the sealing plate 14 and the base 1, which further improves the assembly accuracy and sealing performance. The sealing plate 14 is fixed to the base 1 using countersunk head hexagonal screws 5, flat head hexagonal screws 15, and cylindrical head hexagonal screws 16, and is precisely positioned by the cylindrical pin 8 to ensure the consistency of the rotation center of the sealing plate 14 and the spindle 26. The combination of multiple types of screws can meet the fastening requirements under different force directions and prevent the sealing plate 14 from loosening under vibration or impact loads. The outer surface of the sealing plate 14 can be coated with a protective coating or rust-proof treatment as needed to extend its service life. This structure maintains a rigid connection while providing convenient disassembly and assembly, making subsequent maintenance, cleaning, and inspection of the disc spring 23 assembly more efficient.

[0059] Optionally, a positioning element 27 and a expanding sleeve 29 are provided at the outer end of the spindle 26. The expanding sleeve 29 is used to fix the external jaws, and the positioning element 27 is used to prevent axial displacement of the spindle 26. In actual implementation, the positioning element 27 and the expanding sleeve 29 at the outer end of the spindle 26 together constitute a clamping and positioning unit. The function of the positioning element 27 is to limit the axial travel of the spindle 26 in the floating state, ensuring that the floating range is controlled and can be repeatedly positioned. The expanding sleeve 29 fixes the workpiece by radial expansion or contraction. Its outer surface can be directly connected to the jaws or fixtures. During operation, when the tie rod bolt 2 drives the spindle 26 to generate axial displacement, the expanding sleeve 29 deforms radially, completing the clamping or release of the workpiece. This design effectively combines floating compensation and clamping accuracy, and can maintain a stable clamping force under various working conditions. It is suitable for high-precision machining and automated clamping systems, significantly improving clamping efficiency and reliability.

[0060] Optionally, the base 1 is equipped with eye bolts 17 and a nameplate 18 for handling and equipment identification. Connecting screws 20 are provided on the outside of the base 1 to secure the protective cover 19. In actual implementation, the base 1 serves as the support and mounting base for the entire chuck. The eye bolts 17 and nameplate 18 facilitate handling and equipment identification. The eye bolts 17 provide a safe lifting position during assembly, maintenance, or transportation, preventing structural deformation. The nameplate 18 indicates the equipment model, parameters, and production information for easy management and traceability. Screws on the outside of the base 1 secure the protective cover 19, ensuring a tight connection between the protective components and the main body. The protective cover 19 and the sealing plate 14 together form a closed outer shell, effectively preventing chips, dust, and coolant from entering the internal floating mechanism, enhancing protective performance, and ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the equipment.

[0061] Optionally, a lubrication nozzle 11 is provided between the spindle 28 and the main spindle 26 for injecting lubricating oil to reduce friction. The clearance between the main spindle 26 and the spindle 28 is precisely adjusted by a shim 9. In actual implementation, the lubrication nozzle 11 between the spindle 28 and the main spindle 26 is used to inject lubricating oil to reduce friction and wear. The lubrication nozzle 11 is positioned in the contact area between the main spindle 26 and the spindle 28, facilitating regular lubrication maintenance during operation. The clearance between the main spindle 26 and the spindle 28 is precisely adjusted by a shim 9, ensuring that the main spindle 26 can rotate smoothly and move flexibly within its elastic range. This design ensures that the main spindle 26 can still operate smoothly under high load and high speed conditions, avoiding the vibration and wear problems caused by uneven lubrication or excessive clearance in traditional chucks, thereby improving the service life and clamping accuracy of the equipment.

[0062] Optionally, a movable pin 24 is provided at the connection between the rocker arm 3 and the tie rod bolt 2 to achieve a flexible hinge.

[0063] The operating screw 10 can be manually driven by the wrench lever 25 to adjust the clamping force. In actual implementation, in this invention, a movable pin 24 is provided at the connection between the rocker arm 3 and the tie rod bolt 2 to form a flexible hinge structure. This movable connection can absorb minor assembly errors and structural deformations during clamping, avoiding stress concentration caused by rigid transmission. The operating screw 10 is driven by the wrench lever 25, which drives the rocker arm 3 to swing and transmits the clamping force through the tie rod bolt 2, achieving precise clamping of the workpiece. The design of the wrench lever 25 conforms to ergonomic principles, which can effectively improve operating comfort and torque control accuracy. The flexible hinge can significantly improve the response speed and durability of the force transmission system, so that the entire clamping mechanism can maintain stable performance during high-frequency start-stop and repeated operation.

[0064] Optionally, the disc spring 23 is arranged in a double-stacked symmetrical configuration. The elastic characteristics are adjusted by changing the stacking direction, and a lubricating pad is provided between the spacer ring 22 and the disc spring 23. In actual implementation, the disc spring 23 adopts a double-stacked symmetrical arrangement. The elastic characteristics are adjustable by changing the stacking direction. This arrangement can change the stiffness and deformation range of the system according to different clamping requirements, providing a large elastic force while maintaining a compact structure. The lubricating pad between the spacer ring 22 and the disc spring 23 reduces metal-to-metal friction and prevents wear and jamming on the surface of the disc spring 23. This structure can maintain elastic stability during long-term operation and avoid spring stress fatigue. Through this design, the floating mechanism responds more sensitively during clamping and releasing, and the clamping force is more uniform, ensuring the coaxiality and machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0065] Optionally, a floating assembly process with limiting components includes the following steps:

[0066] S1: Insert the mandrel 28 into the main shaft 26, and install the matching sleeve 21, spacer ring 22, disc spring 23 and thrust ring 30 in sequence to form a complete axial elastic structure for the floating limit assembly.

[0067] S2: Install the spindle 26 onto the base 1 and use the cylindrical pin 8 for precise positioning to ensure the coaxiality requirement between the spindle 26 and the base 1.

[0068] S3: Install the tie rod bolt 2, rocker arm 3, flat pin 4 and operating screw 10 in sequence, and use the movable pin 24 to achieve flexible linkage, thereby forming a force transmission and clamping system.

[0069] S4: Install sealing plate 14 and protective cover 19;

[0070] The sealing plate 14 is fixed to the base 1 by countersunk hexagonal screws 5, flat hexagonal screws 15 and cylindrical hexagonal screws 16;

[0071] The protective cover 19 is connected to the base 1 by external connecting screws 20 to form a complete protective sealing structure.

[0072] S5: Install positioning element 27 and expansion sleeve 29 to lock the end of spindle 26, and make precise adjustments through shim 9 to ensure floating clearance and rotation accuracy.

[0073] S6: Lubricating oil is injected through lubrication nozzle 11 to lubricate and maintain the internal floating components. The floating and clamping performance of the spindle 26 is tested using wrench lever 25 to ensure stable and reliable operation of the entire machine. In actual implementation, the floating assembly process of this invention includes the sequential assembly and debugging steps of components such as spindle 28, spindle 26, sleeve 21, spacer ring 22, disc spring 23, thrust ring 30, sealing plate 14, protective cover 19, positioning component 27, and expansion sleeve 29. During assembly, the internal floating limit component of the spindle 26 is assembled first, and then precisely positioned using cylindrical pin 8 to achieve coaxial installation of the spindle 26 and base 1. Subsequently, the force transmission mechanism and protective structure are assembled, and the thickness of shim 9 and the preload of thrust ring 30 are gradually adjusted to ensure the floating mechanism meets design requirements. Finally, oil is injected through lubrication nozzle 11, and the floating and clamping performance of the spindle 26 is tested using wrench lever 25 to verify whether it meets technical standards. This assembly method has clear steps, is convenient to operate, and has precise positioning, effectively ensuring product consistency and assembly accuracy.

[0074] Working principle: During operation, the spindle 26 is mounted on the base 1 with bearing support and can rotate freely. The mandrel 28 is fixed in the center hole of the spindle 26 as the reference for the internal support bearing. The sleeve 21 and the spacer ring 22 of the mandrel 28 form a stable support channel. The spacer ring 22 and the disc spring 23 form an elastic loading unit. When the thrust ring 30 is tightened, a preload is applied to the disc spring 23. The elastic deformation of the disc spring 23 allows the spindle 26 to float axially within a certain range. When the workpiece is eccentric or has a thickness error during clamping, the disc spring 23 can provide a buffer force, absorb the error and maintain a constant clamping force to prevent excessive stress from causing workpiece deformation.

[0075] The front end of the spindle 26 is connected to the expansion sleeve 29 through the positioning element 27. The expansion sleeve 29 can contact the jaws and achieve clamping by radial expansion or contraction. The positioning element 27 is used to limit the axial displacement of the spindle 26 to ensure that floating is only within the allowable range. The tie rod bolt 2, rocker arm 3, flat pin 4 and operating screw 10 together constitute the force transmission system. When the operator turns the operating screw 10, its rotational motion is transmitted to the rocker arm 3 through the flat pin 4. The swing of the rocker arm 3 drives the tie rod bolt 2 to generate axial tension, realizing the clamping and loosening of the jaws or expansion sleeve 29. The operating screw 10 can be manually driven with the wrench lever 25 to facilitate precise control of the clamping force during operation.

[0076] The sealing plate 14 and the protective cover 19 together form a protective cavity to prevent chips, dust or coolant from entering the internal limiting mechanism. The sealing plate 14 is fixed to the base 1 by countersunk hexagonal screws 5, flat hexagonal screws 15 and cylindrical head hexagonal screws 16, and is precisely positioned by cylindrical pins 8 to ensure assembly coaxiality and accuracy of repeated disassembly and assembly. The base 1 is also provided with eye bolts 17 to facilitate the hoisting and maintenance of the entire device. The nameplate 18 is used to identify equipment information.

[0077] At the end of the spindle 26, a flat washer 6, an elastic washer 7, a washer 9, and a hexagonal nut 12 are sequentially combined to form a locking unit, which is fixed to the end of the spindle 26 through a threaded connector 13, serving to prevent loosening and provide precise adjustment. The thickness of the washer 9 can be adjusted according to the fit clearance between the spindle 26 and the spindle 28 to achieve precise control of the floating clearance. The lubrication nozzle 11 is set on the lubrication channel between the spindle 26 and the spindle 28. Regular oiling can reduce friction, reduce wear, and extend service life.

[0078] When the chuck begins to clamp the workpiece, the operating screw 10 drives the tie rod bolt 2 and the rocker arm 3 to move, and the expansion sleeve 29 at the end of the spindle 26 contracts synchronously to clamp the workpiece. If there is a slight tilt or dimensional error on the surface of the workpiece, the disc spring 23 will undergo a slight elastic deformation, so that the spindle 26 automatically adjusts its position in the axial direction to maintain a stable clamping force. When the clamping force exceeds the set value, the elastic deformation of the disc spring 23 will absorb the excess stress to prevent the clamping from being too tight. After the work is completed, the operating screw 10 is rotated in the opposite direction, and the tie rod bolt 2 drives the expansion sleeve 29 to loosen, and the workpiece is successfully released.

[0079] The above description shows and illustrates the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Standard parts used in the present invention can be purchased from the market, and irregular parts can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machinery, parts, and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts conventional connection methods in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0080] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating chuck structure with a limiting component, characterized in that, Includes base (1), spindle (26), mandrel (28), sleeve (21), spacer (22), disc spring (23), thrust ring (30), tie rod bolt (2), rocker arm (3), flat pin (4) and operating screw (10); The main shaft (26) is rotatably mounted on the base (1), and the spindle (28) is set in the center hole of the main shaft (26). The spindle (28) is fitted with a sleeve (21), and a spacer ring (22) and a disc spring (23) are arranged in sequence inside the sleeve (21). The end of the disc spring (23) is limited by a thrust ring (30) to form an axial elastic floating structure. The tie rod bolt (2) is connected to the operating screw (10) via the rocker arm (3) and the flat pin (4) to achieve workpiece clamping and release. The base (1) is provided with a sealing plate (14) and a protective cover (19) to form a protective sealing structure.

2. The floating chuck structure with a limiting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thrust ring (30) and the sleeve (21) are connected by a thread to form an adjustable preload structure; by tightening the thrust ring (30), the compression of the disc spring (23) can be changed, thereby adjusting the floating stiffness of the spindle (26).

3. The floating chuck structure with a limiting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the spindle (26) is sequentially fitted with a flat washer (6), an elastic washer (7), a gasket (9) and a hexagonal nut (12), and fixed with a threaded connector (13) to lock the spindle and the spindle assembly.

4. The floating chuck structure with a limiting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing plate (14) is fixed to the base (1) by countersunk hexagonal screws (5), flat hexagonal screws (15) and cylindrical head hexagonal screws (16), and the sealing plate (14) and the base (1) are connected by cylindrical pins (8).

5. A floating chuck structure with a limiting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the spindle (26) is provided with a positioning element (27) and a expansion sleeve (29). The expansion sleeve (29) is used to fix the external jaws, and the positioning element (27) is used to prevent the spindle from axial displacement.

6. A floating chuck structure with a limiting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (1) is provided with lifting eye bolts (17) and nameplates (18) for handling the whole machine and equipment identification. The base (1) is provided with connecting screws (20) to fix the protective cover (19).

7. A floating chuck structure with a limiting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lubrication nozzle (11) is provided between the spindle (28) and the main shaft (26) for injecting lubricating oil to reduce friction. The fit clearance between the main shaft (26) and the spindle (28) is precisely adjusted by a shim (9).

8. A floating chuck structure with a limiting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the rocker arm (3) and the tie rod bolt (2) is provided with a movable pin (24) to achieve a flexible hinge. The operating screw (10) can be manually driven by a wrench lever (25) to adjust the clamping force.

9. A floating chuck structure with a limiting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disc spring (23) is arranged in a double-stacked symmetrical manner. The elastic properties are adjusted by changing the stacking direction. A lubricating pad layer is provided between the spacer ring (22) and the disc spring (23).

10. A floating assembly process with limiting components, characterized in that: The assembly process for the floating chuck structure described in any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1: Insert the mandrel (28) into the main shaft (26), and install the matching sleeve (21), spacer (22), disc spring (23) and thrust ring (30) in sequence; S2: Install the spindle (26) on the base (1) and position it by the cylindrical pin (8); S3: Install the tie rod bolt (2), rocker arm (3), flat pin (4) and operating screw (10) in sequence, and achieve flexible linkage with movable pin (24); S4: Install the sealing plate (14) and protective cover (19); The sealing plate (14) is fixed to the base (1) by countersunk hexagonal screws (5), flat hexagonal screws (15) and cylindrical head hexagonal screws (16); The protective cover (19) is connected to the base (1) by an external connecting screw (20) to form a complete protective sealing structure; S5: Install the positioning piece (27) and the expansion sleeve (29), lock the end of the spindle and adjust the shim (9); S6: Lubricate by injecting oil through the lubrication nozzle (11) and test the spindle floating and clamping performance using the wrench lever (25).

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