Sand and gravel geologic body pore-forming protection wall construction device and pore-forming method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of gravel geology protection, and provides a device and method for hole-forming and wall-protection of a gravel geology body, which applies a wall-protection structure to the hole wall during drilling to support the hole wall and avoid gravel falling or causing hole collapse. The technical solution is as follows: a support plate is rotationally connected to a drill rod, a support pipe is fixed to the side of the support plate away from the drill bit, the support pipe is sleeved on the drill rod, and the drill rod can rotate relative to the support pipe; an air bag is sleeved on the support pipe, and the air bag is located at the position of the support pipe close to the support plate; a plurality of cylindrical net racks are provided, the plurality of cylindrical net racks are connected in series along the axial direction through connectors, the connectors are provided with easy creases, the cylindrical net racks are sleeved on the support pipe, the cylindrical net rack at the head can move and be sleeved on the air bag, and when the air bag is inflated, the cylindrical net rack can be expanded and easily broken off at the creases to support the hole wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gravel geological protection technology, and in particular to a construction device and method for drilling and protecting gravel geological bodies. Background Technology

[0002] When drilling in gravel geological formations, the drill rod and drill bit need to be removed after drilling. However, due to the loose and unstable nature of the gravel geological formation, hole collapse is prone to occur during drilling and when the drill rod and drill bit are removed. This can easily lead to stuck drill bits and even require re-drilling, causing difficulties for the construction and affecting the construction period. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hole-forming and wall-protecting construction device and a hole-forming method for gravel geological bodies. By applying a wall-protecting structure to the hole wall during the drilling process, the hole wall is supported and stabilized, preventing gravel from falling off the hole wall or causing hole collapse. Furthermore, after adding a waterproof membrane to the wall-protecting device, it can also prevent the geological body from diluting the slurry in the hole or causing the slurry to leak out.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A drilling and wall protection device for gravel geological formations includes a drill rod and a drill bit mounted on the drill rod head, characterized in that it includes,

[0006] A support plate, which is rotatably connected to the drill rod, is installed close to the drill bit;

[0007] A support tube is fixed to the side of the support plate facing away from the drill bit. The support tube is sleeved on the drill rod, and the drill rod can rotate relative to the support tube.

[0008] An airbag is fitted onto a support tube and is located near a support plate on the support tube.

[0009] A cylindrical mesh frame is provided, comprising multiple cylindrical mesh frames connected end-to-end along the axial direction by connectors. The connectors are provided with easy-break marks. The cylindrical mesh frame is fitted onto a support tube. The cylindrical mesh frame located at the head can be movably fitted onto an airbag. When the airbag is inflated, the cylindrical mesh frame can be opened and broken off from the easy-break marks to support the hole wall.

[0010] Furthermore, a first ramp is provided on the support tube on the side of the airbag facing away from the support plate. The highest point of the first ramp is higher than or equal to the height of the airbag when it is not inflated. The first ramp is used to guide the cylindrical mesh frame onto the airbag.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a pusher tube, which can be fitted onto the support tube and is used to push the cylindrical grid towards the drill bit.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a protective cylinder, which encloses the mesh support and airbag inside. A second ramp is provided on the support tube between the airbag and the support plate. The second ramp is conical and has an installation hole inside. The installation hole is fitted onto the support tube. The second ramp is used to guide the protective cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, an annular magnet is embedded in the side of the support plate facing the airbag, the second ramp is placed within the annular range of the annular magnet, and the end of the protective cylinder facing the magnet is made of ferromagnetic material, the magnet being used to hold the protective cylinder in place.

[0014] Furthermore, the grid cells of the cylindrical space frame are parallelograms.

[0015] Furthermore, at least one set of support groups is axially arranged on the cylindrical space frame. The support group includes an even number of fixing blocks that are circumferentially fixed on the cylindrical space frame. Each fixing block has a sliding groove with the same center as the cylindrical space frame. An elastic support plate is slidably connected in two adjacent sliding grooves. The inner surface of the elastic support plate is evenly distributed with ratchet teeth along its circumference. A pawl that cooperates with the ratchet teeth is provided in the sliding groove, so that when the cylindrical space frame is opened, the pawl can move on the ratchet teeth when the adjacent fixing blocks are relatively far apart, while the pawl and ratchet tooth structure prevents the adjacent fixing blocks from getting close to each other.

[0016] Furthermore, the cylindrical mesh body of the cylindrical mesh frame is wrapped with an elastic waterproof layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the rear end of the drill rod is connected to the drive mechanism. During drilling in gravelly geological formations, after drilling a certain distance, the drill rod is paused, and the foremost cylindrical grid is moved onto the airbag. The airbag is then inflated, and its expansion lifts the cylindrical grid until it reaches the borehole wall. At this point, the airbag stops inflating and begins to deflate and retract until it returns to its original state. The drill rod then continues drilling forward. After drilling a certain distance again, the cylindrical grid is lifted onto the borehole wall again using the airbag. Drilling and wall support are then repeated until the borehole is completed.

[0018] Furthermore, the drive mechanism is connected to the rear end of the drill rod. During drilling in gravelly geological formations, after drilling a certain distance, the drill rod pauses, the foremost cylindrical space frame is moved onto the airbag, and then the protective casing is moved back one position, exposing the front cylindrical space frame.

[0019] Then, the airbag is inflated. The expansion of the airbag lifts the cylindrical mesh frame until it reaches the hole wall. At this point, the airbag stops inflating and begins to deflate and retract until it returns to its original state. Then, the protective cylinder is advanced one station until it contacts the support plate.

[0020] Then the drill rod continues to drill forward to form a hole. After drilling a certain distance, the protective cylinder is moved again, and the cylindrical mesh frame is supported and stabilized by the airbag. Then drilling continues, and the above actions are repeated until the hole is drilled and the wall is stabilized.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. While drilling, the airbag expands to support the cylindrical mesh frame to the hole wall, which is used to support and stabilize the hole wall and prevent the hole wall from collapsing in the gravel geological body;

[0022] 2. By installing a protective cylinder outside the airbag, the airbag is protected from damage by the rock and soil during the drilling process, ensuring the safe use of the equipment. When the protective cylinder moves back one position, exposing the cylindrical space frame at the head, the protective cylinder covers the cylindrical space frame at the rear of the head. In this way, when the front cylindrical space frame is supported, the protective cylinder restricts the support of the rear cylindrical space frame, ensuring that the end and the cylindrical space frame connected to it can easily break off and detach from the easy-to-break points at the connectors.

[0023] 3. Multiple cylindrical space frames are connected in sequence. Connecting two cylindrical space frames are connected by connectors with easy-break marks. When the air bladder inflates and supports the end cylindrical space frame, the easy-break marks between the head cylindrical space frame and the connected cylindrical space frame break, causing the end cylindrical space frame to detach and expand independently to support the hole wall. At the next drilling station, the cylindrical space frame connected to the head cylindrical space frame at the previous station becomes the new head cylindrical space frame. Multiple cylindrical space frames support the hole wall at different positions in sequence, with strong continuity.

[0024] 4. An elastic waterproof layer is installed on the outside or inside of the cylindrical grid structure so that when the cylindrical grid structure is stretched and supported against the borehole wall, it can prevent groundwater from seeping into the borehole, and at the same time prevent the grout in the borehole from seeping into the surrounding loose geological body. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other cases can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2This is a perspective view of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view from the perspective of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a four-dimensional view from the perspective of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the protective cylinder portion of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the push-in cylinder portion of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a two-dimensional view of the push-in cylinder portion of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the drill rod and cylindrical space frame portion of the present invention (the protective cylinder is transparent).

[0034] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the drill rod and cylindrical space frame portion of the present invention (with the protective sleeve removed).

[0035] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the drill pipe and airbag portion of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a two-dimensional perspective view of the drill pipe and airbag portion of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 This is a perspective view of the cylindrical space frame of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a side view of the cylindrical space frame of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 14 For the present invention Figure 13 Sectional view along line AA;

[0040] Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 13 Middle left view;

[0041] Figure 16 This is a diagram showing the drilling process of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 17 This is a structural diagram of the spring plunger installed between the support tube and the push-in cylinder of the present invention.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Drill rod; 2. Drill bit; 3. Support plate; 4. Support tube; 5. Airbag; 6. Cylindrical mesh frame; 7. Connector; 8. Easy-to-break section; 9. First ramp; 10. Push-in cylinder; 11. Protective cylinder; 12. Second ramp; 13. Annular magnet; 14. Fixing block; 15. Sliding groove; 16. Elastic support plate; 17. Racket tooth; 18. Pawl; 19. Elastic waterproof layer. The frame consists of: a first slide rail 21, a first slider 22, a first power telescopic rod 23, a first rack 24, a first electromagnetic push rod 25, a first locking tooth 26, a second slide rail 27, a second slider 28, a second power telescopic rod 29, a second rack 30, a second electromagnetic push rod 31, a second locking tooth 32, a thrust rod 33, a hydraulic push rod 34, a retaining ring 35, a push plate 36, a thrust bearing 37, a mounting body 38, a mounting hole 39, a first bearing 40, a connecting ring 41, a first synchronous pulley 42, a reduction motor 43, a second synchronous pulley 44, a third synchronous pulley 45, a spring plunger 46, and an arc-shaped groove 47. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] This invention relates to a device and method for constructing boreholes and retaining walls in gravel geological formations.

[0046] The construction device of this invention includes a drill rod 1 and a drill bit 2 at the head of the drill rod 1. A support plate 3 is installed on the drill rod 1 behind the drill bit 2. Preferably, the support plate 3 can be a circular plate with a hole in the middle, and the hole in the middle of the support plate 3 is rotatably connected to the drill rod 1 via a bearing. A support tube 4 is fixed to the rear side of the support plate 3. The support tube 4 is sleeved on the drill rod 1, and the drill rod 1 can rotate relative to the support tube 4. To maintain the stability of the support tube 4, a bearing can also be connected between the support tube 4 and the drill rod 1. A cylindrical airbag 5 is sleeved on the support tube 4 near the support plate 3, and the air passage of the airbag 5 extends along the inside of the support tube 4 to the outside of the support tube 4. Multiple cylindrical mesh frames 6 are sleeved on the support tube 4 behind the airbag 5, and the multiple cylindrical mesh frames 6 are connected by connectors 7.

[0047] The connector 7 can be two symmetrically arranged connecting pieces between two adjacent cylindrical space frames 6, with a folding crease 8 in the middle of the connecting piece. The connector 7 enables multiple cylindrical space frames 6 to form a connected whole, and the folding crease 8 on the connector 7 ensures that when the end of the cylindrical space frame 6 is stretched open by force, the folding crease 8 will break, without stretching the adjacent cylindrical space frame 6 along with it. With the addition of the protective cylinder 11, when the protective cylinder 11 is moved back one position to expose the cylindrical space frame 6 on the airbag 5, the subsequent cylindrical space frame 6 is still inside the protective cylinder 11. At this time, the protective cylinder 11 prevents the subsequent cylindrical space frame 6 from stretching open.

[0048] The tubular mesh frame 6 in this invention is an expandable mesh frame, and its basic grid can be a parallelogram. When the tubular mesh frame 6 is expanded by the airbag 5, the airbag 5 pushes it into the borehole wall of the gravel geological body. The tubular mesh frame 6 itself has a certain elasticity. At this time, the tubular mesh frame 6 can support the loose rock and soil on the borehole wall and prevent loose material or gravel from falling into the borehole due to the detachment of loose material from the borehole wall.

[0049] Of course, in order to improve the supporting force of the cylindrical space frame 6, we install at least one support group on the cylindrical space frame 6. The support group can be two, three or more groups. When there are multiple groups, the multiple support groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the cylindrical space frame 6. The support assembly includes an even number of fixed blocks 14 and an elastic support plate 16 between every two fixed blocks 14. The fixed blocks 14 are arc-shaped with the same center as the cylindrical mesh frame 6. A sliding groove 15 with the same center as the cylindrical mesh frame 6 is opened in the fixed blocks 14. Two adjacent fixed blocks 14 form a group. For example, if there are four fixed blocks 14, they are divided into two groups. The number of groups of fixed blocks 14 is half the number of fixed blocks 14. The two sliding grooves 15 of the fixed blocks 14 in the same group slide through the elastic support plate 16. On the two ends of the lower side of the elastic support plate 16, ratchet teeth 17 facing opposite directions are symmetrically arranged. A pawl 18 that cooperates with the ratchet teeth 17 is provided in the fixed blocks 14. The cooperation of the pawl 18 and the ratchet teeth 17 means that the two fixed blocks 14 can only move in a direction away from each other, and cannot move in a direction close to each other. When the cylindrical mesh frame 6 is inflated by the airbag 5, the elastic support plate 16 deforms and moves within the sliding groove 15. After the cylindrical mesh frame 6 is supported in place, the ratchet 17 and pawl 18 cooperate to prevent two adjacent fixing blocks 14 from approaching each other, so that the elastic support plate 16 provides support for the cylindrical mesh frame 6. The fixing blocks 14 can be fixed at the mesh nodes of the cylindrical mesh frame 6. This support mechanism, by setting the fixing blocks 14 and the elastic support plate 16 on the cylindrical mesh frame 6 and by using the pawl 18 and ratchet 17 to prevent the cylindrical mesh frame 6 from shrinking again, determines the size of the expansion according to the airbag 5. The cylindrical mesh frame 6 is passively expanded, and after being inflated by the airbag 5, it can be supported and positioned in the corresponding position, demonstrating strong adaptability and compatibility.

[0050] Preferably, to prevent the gravel geological body from diluting the grout in the borehole or causing grout leakage, an elastic waterproof layer 19 is wrapped around the outer circumference of the cylindrical mesh frame 6. This elastic waterproof layer 19 acts as a water barrier. When the cylindrical mesh frame 6 expands, the elastic waterproof layer 19 is elastic and can expand along with the cylindrical mesh frame 6. The elastic waterproof layer 19 can be made of elastic rubber material. The waterproof layer can prevent groundwater from seeping into the borehole and also prevent water in the borehole from seeping into the borehole wall, thus preventing further loosening of the borehole wall. Therefore, by preventing groundwater from diluting the grout in the borehole through the loose rock and soil in the borehole wall or causing grout leakage, the stability of the borehole wall is further improved. This waterproof layer can also be set on the inner side of the cylindrical mesh frame 6. When the waterproof layer is set on the outer side of the cylindrical mesh frame 6 and a fixing block 14 is installed, an opening matching the fixing block 14 is dug in the waterproof layer, and the fixing block 14 is passed through the waterproof layer and fixed to the cylindrical mesh frame 6.

[0051] In this invention, the airbag 5 is cylindrical in shape, with a hollow center through which a support tube 4 passes. The air vent of the airbag 5 can be threaded through the support tube 4 and connected to an external air pressure control device. The air pressure control device is used to inflate and deflate the airbag 5.

[0052] In this invention, to facilitate the smooth movement of the airbag 5 from the support tube 4 and its placement on the airbag 5, a first ramp 9 is installed on the support tube 4. The first ramp 9 is located on the side of the airbag 5 facing away from the drill bit 2. The highest point of the first ramp 9 is higher than the initial height of the airbag 5. The first ramp 9 is conical in shape, and the central through hole of the cone is fixed to the support tube 4. When the cylindrical mesh frame 6 is pushed towards the airbag 5, the cylindrical mesh frame 6 first contacts the first ramp 9. Guided by the first ramp 9, the cylindrical mesh frame 6 moves continuously towards the airbag 5 until it is placed on the airbag 5, at which point the advancement of the cylindrical mesh frame 6 stops.

[0053] In this invention, when drilling downwards in a gravelly geological formation, the cylindrical mesh frame 6 can slide onto the airbag 5 under gravity. When drilling a low-inclination or horizontal hole, a propulsion device is required. In this invention, the propulsion device is a push-in cylinder 10, movably positioned between the support tube 4 and the protective cylinder 11. A first propulsion mechanism is provided outside the push-in cylinder 10. The first power telescopic rod 23 of the first propulsion mechanism can be an electric push rod, a hydraulic rod, or a pneumatic rod to propel the cylindrical mesh frame 6. The first propulsion mechanism pushes the cylindrical mesh frame 6 onto the airbag 5 through the push-in cylinder 10. The pushing distance of the hydraulic rod, etc., can be calculated in advance based on its length, the position of the airbag 5, and the length of the cylindrical mesh frame 6. Alternatively, one or more miniature cameras can be embedded in the protective cylinder 11 around the airbag 5 to observe the movement and status of the various components inside the protective cylinder 11. Preferably, there are two first propulsion mechanisms, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tail end of the push-in cylinder 10. The first propulsion mechanism includes a first slide rail 21 fixed to the frame 20, two first sliders 22 slidably connected within the first slide rail 21, a first power telescopic rod 23 fixed to the two first sliders 22, a first rack 24 opened within the first slide rail 21, a first electromagnetic push rod 25 fixed to one of the first sliders 22, and a first locking tooth 26 fixed to the end of the first electromagnetic push rod 25 and engaging with the first rack 24. The movable rod portion of the first power telescopic rod 23 is connected to the tail of the push cylinder 10, and the cylinder portion of the first power telescopic rod 23 is fixed to the two first sliders 22. In the first propulsion mechanism, the first power telescopic rod 23 is set inside the first slide rail 21. When the length of the first power telescopic rod 23 is insufficient, the first locking tooth 26 can be lifted by the first electromagnetic push rod 25 and disengaged from the first rack 24, thus pushing the first power telescopic rod 23 forward as a whole to compensate for its length. This solves the problem of insufficient length of the first power telescopic rod 23 when the hole is long. After the first power telescopic rod 23 is pushed to the position, the first locking tooth 26 is lowered by the first electromagnetic push rod 25 and engaged in the first rack 24 to position the cylinder part of the first power telescopic rod 23, facilitating the first power telescopic rod 23 to drive the push cylinder 10 forward. At least one first pressure sensor can be embedded in the circumferential surface of the second ramp 12. The surface of the pressure sensor is flush with the surface of the second ramp 12. When the push cylinder 10 moves and pushes the cylindrical mesh frame 6 forward, the pressure sensor works. When the cylindrical mesh frame 6 contacts the first pressure sensor, it is detected that the cylindrical mesh frame has been pushed into place, and the push cylinder 10 stops pushing. The addition of this first pressure sensor facilitates the detection of the cylindrical space frame 6 being pushed into place.Preferably, a spring plunger 46 can be added inside the push-in cylinder 10, and an arc-shaped groove 47 can be opened at the corresponding position on the support tube 4. When the push-in cylinder 10 reaches the working position close to the airbag, the spring plunger 46 is inserted into the arc-shaped groove 47. A contact sensor can be installed in the arc-shaped groove 47. When the spring plunger 46 is inserted into the arc-shaped groove 47, the contact sensor can transmit information to the controller. The controller can prompt the contact sensor to detect the spring plunger 46 through a display or a speaker. As the drill bit advances, the first electromagnetic push rod 25 rises. Since the spring plunger 46 is within the arc-shaped groove 47, the drill rod 1, along with the push-in cylinder 10, advances via the support tube 4. Once in position, the first electromagnetic push rod 25 descends, and the first locking tooth 26 engages with the first rack 24. Then, the first power telescopic rod 23 pushes the push-in cylinder 10. The power of the first power telescopic rod 23 allows the plunger within the spring plunger 46 to retract against the spring's elasticity, enabling the push-in cylinder 10 to advance normally. When the push-in cylinder 10 needs to retract, the power of the first power telescopic rod 23 again causes the plunger to retract against the spring's elasticity, allowing the push-in cylinder 10 to retract normally. However, the locking force between the spring plunger 46 and the arc-shaped groove 47 is sufficient to drive the push-in cylinder 10 to follow the drill rod 1 in its drilling motion.

[0054] This invention protects the airbag 5 and the cylindrical mesh frame 6, preventing sand and soil clods from falling off and abrading them. A protective cylinder 11 is fitted over the airbag 5 and the cylindrical mesh frame 6. The outer diameter of the protective cylinder 11 is smaller than the diameter of the hole drilled by the drill bit 2. A second propulsion mechanism is connected to the rear of the protective cylinder 11. This second propulsion mechanism can be an electric push rod, a hydraulic rod, or a pneumatic rod, to move the protective cylinder 11 back and forth. A second pressure sensor can be added at the connection between the second propulsion mechanism and the protective cylinder 11. When the protective cylinder 11 contacts the support plate 3, the pressure sensor detects an increase in pressure, and then the propulsion of the protective cylinder 11 can be stopped. To improve the stability of the protective cylinder 11, an annular magnet 13 can be embedded in the side of the support plate 3 facing the protective cylinder 11. At least the end of the protective cylinder 11 facing the annular magnet 13 is made of ferromagnetic material, so that when the protective cylinder 11 comes into contact with the support plate 3, the end of the protective cylinder 11 can be attracted by the annular magnet 13, providing support at both ends of the protective cylinder 11 (the rear end of the protective cylinder 11 is supported by the second propulsion mechanism, and the front end is attracted and supported by the annular magnet 13). The annular magnet 13, after being embedded in the support plate 3, is flush with the side of the support plate 3. After the protective cylinder 11 is attracted by the annular magnet 13, it can follow the drill rod 1 as it drills. Preferably, the annular magnet 13 is an electromagnet ring. Using an electromagnet ring can provide greater magnetic force, and when it is necessary to release the attraction, it is only necessary to de-energize the electromagnet.

[0055] Since the protective cylinder 11 needs to protect the drill rod 1 during drilling, and the front end of the protective cylinder 11 is attracted to the magnet of the support plate 3, when the drill rod 1 moves forward with the support plate 3, it will also move forward with the protective cylinder 11. Therefore, a second propulsion mechanism is needed to move forward with the protective cylinder 11. Preferably, there are two second propulsion mechanisms, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tail end of the protective cylinder 11. The second propulsion mechanism includes a second slide rail 27 fixed to the frame 20, two second sliders 28 slidably connected within the second slide rail 27, a second power telescopic rod 29 fixed to the two second sliders 28, a second rack 30 opened within the second slide rail 27, a second electromagnetic push rod 31 fixed to one of the second sliders 28, and a second locking tooth 32 fixed to the end of the second electromagnetic push rod 31 and engaging with the second rack 30. The movable part of the second power telescopic rod 29 is connected to the tail end of the protective cylinder 11, and the cylinder part of the first power telescopic rod 23 is fixed to the two second sliders 28. In the second propulsion mechanism, the second power telescopic rod 29 is set within the second slide rail 27. This allows the second electromagnetic push rod 31 to lift the second locking tooth 32, disengaging it from the second rack 30, as the protective cylinder 11 follows the drill rod 1 into the drilling process. This allows the protective cylinder 11 to move forward along with the second power telescopic rod 29, compensating for its length. Once the second power telescopic rod 29 is pushed to its position, the second electromagnetic push rod 31 lowers the second locking tooth 32, engaging it within the second rack 30. This positions the cylinder portion of the second power telescopic rod 29, facilitating its forward and backward movement to drive the protective cylinder 11, thereby exposing and re-covering the airbag 5. This mechanism of the protective cylinder 11 ensures strong following of the drill rod 1, allowing it to advance alongside the drill rod and thus protecting the airbag 5 and the cylindrical mesh frame 6.

[0056] To facilitate the movement of the protective cylinder 11 toward the support plate 3, and to ensure that the protective cylinder 11 remains coaxial with the support tube 4 after it reaches the support plate 3, a second ramp 12 is provided on the support tube 4 between the airbag 5 and the support plate 3. The second ramp 12 is conical, and its outer diameter gradually increases toward the support plate 3. This second ramp 12 can be composed of an inclined part and a horizontal part, that is, it can be composed of a conical cylinder and a circular cylinder, with the circular cylinder connected to the end of the conical cylinder with the larger diameter, and the outer diameter of the circular cylinder being equal to that of the end of the conical cylinder with the larger diameter. When it is necessary to expose part of the airbag 5, the second propulsion mechanism is activated, pulling the protective cylinder 11 backward. At this time, the protective cylinder 11 overcomes the attraction of the annular magnet 13 and moves backward, exposing the airbag 5. The airbag 5 inflates, pushing the cylindrical mesh frame 6 on the airbag 5 into the hole wall. Then the airbag 5 retracts, and the second propulsion mechanism is activated again, pushing the protective cylinder 11 forward. Guided by the second ramp 12, the protective cylinder 11's axis is ensured to be concentric with the support tube 4. Then, after the protective cylinder 11 comes into contact with the support plate 3, it is attracted by the annular magnet 13 on the support plate 3. Preferably, the support plate 3 is a circular plate with a hole in the middle, and is fixed to the drill rod 1 through a bearing in the middle hole. The outer diameter of the protective cylinder 11 is smaller than the outer diameter of the support plate 3.

[0057] The invention also includes a frame 20, which has a support. During construction, it can be pre-fixed at the construction site using hoisting equipment or scaffolding, and then the frame 20 can be placed on the scaffolding. The frame 20 consists of a platform and four legs at the bottom of the platform, and the legs are height-adjustable. Of course, the platform and the legs of the frame 20 can also be rotatably connected, so the inclination of the platform can be adjusted by adjusting the length of some of the legs. The frame 20 used to support and drive the drill rod 1 can also be of other types from the prior art. This invention only provides a specific embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention.

[0058] After locating the drilling position, screw the internal thread of the drill rod 1 into the external thread of the thrust rod 33 (the two can also be locked together using a clamp structure, or connected by a flange at the rear end of the thrust rod 33 and the drill rod 1). It is important to note that the internal and external threads are engaged such that when the rotary power mechanism drives the thrust rod 33 to rotate, the rotation direction is towards the tightening of the external and internal threads. Of course, the rear end of the drill rod 1 and the thrust rod 33 can also be connected using other existing technologies, which will not be elaborated here. Then, align the end drill bit 2 with the entry point in the gravel geological body and start the rotary power mechanism. The rotary power mechanism drives the thrust rod 33 to rotate, which in turn drives the end drill rod 1 to rotate. Simultaneously, start the hydraulic push rod 34, which is controlled by a hydraulic system. The hydraulic push rod 34 pushes the thrust rod 33, advancing the end drill rod 1 into the gravel geological slope. A protruding retaining ring 35 is provided at the rear end of the thrust rod 33. A push plate 36 is fixed to the movable rod of the hydraulic push rod 34 and sleeved on the tail of the thrust rod 33. The push plate 36 has a through hole through which the thrust rod 33 can pass but the retaining ring 35 cannot. A thrust bearing 37 is fixed on the retaining ring 35. The push plate 36 pushes the thrust bearing 37, causing the thrust rod 33 to move forward in the drilling direction. The thrust rod 33 drives the drill rod 1 to move forward and drill a hole.

[0059] The outer surface of the thrust rod 33 is polygonal, preferably hexagonal. A through mounting hole 39 is provided in the mounting body 38 of the frame 20. A first bearing 40 is fixed in the mounting hole 39, and a connecting ring 41 is fixed through the first bearing 40. The inner hole of the connecting ring 41 is a polygon that mates with the outer surface of the thrust rod 33. It can be hexagonal. The thrust rod 33 is inserted into the inner hole of the connecting ring 41, and then the connecting ring 41 extends backward out of the mounting hole 39 of the mounting body 38, with a first synchronous pulley 42 mounted on the extended portion. The rotation drive mechanism is a forward and reverse geared motor 43. A second synchronous pulley 44 is mounted on the power output shaft of the geared motor 43. The geared motor 43 can be mounted on the mounting body 38. At this time, the second synchronous pulley 44 of the geared motor 43 and the first synchronous pulley 42 of the connecting ring 41 are connected together by a synchronous belt, and the geared motor 43 can drive the thrust rod 33 to rotate. Of course, the geared motor 43 can also be fixed on the frame 20. A tensioning pulley structure can also be installed on the frame 20. This structure consists of a fixed rod, a spring telescopic rod, a connecting rod, and a third synchronous pulley 45, all fixed on the frame 20. The spring telescopic rod consists of a second sleeve fixed on the fixed rod, a second spring fixed to the bottom of the second sleeve, and a second movable rod connected to the other end of the second spring. The second movable rod slides within the second sleeve. The connecting rod is connected to the second movable rod, and the third synchronous pulley 45 is rotatably connected to the connecting rod. During connection, the synchronous belt needs to be sequentially placed on the connecting ring 41, the drive shaft of the geared motor 43, and the synchronous pulley on the connecting rod. The spring telescopic rod can extend and retract, ensuring the tension of the synchronous belt while allowing the mounting ring to sway.

[0060] The outer ends of both the first and second propulsion mechanisms are mounted on the mounting body 38 of the frame 20.

[0061] One embodiment of the drilling method in this invention involves drilling without installing the protective cylinder 11. The rear end of the drill rod 1 is connected to the drive mechanism to drill into the gravel geological body. After drilling a certain distance, the drill rod 1 pauses drilling. The first propulsion mechanism moves the foremost cylindrical mesh frame 6 onto the airbag 5 via the push-in cylinder 10. Then, the airbag 5 is inflated, causing the cylindrical mesh frame 6 to expand and lift up until it pushes the cylindrical mesh frame 6 into the hole wall. At this point, the airbag 5 stops expanding and begins to deflate and retract until it returns to its original state. The cylindrical mesh frame 6 is then supported on the hole wall. The drill rod 1 continues to drill forward. After drilling a certain distance, the drill rod 1 stops. The first propulsion mechanism pushes the head of the cylindrical mesh frame 6 back onto the airbag 5 via the push-in cylinder 10. The airbag 5 then lifts the cylindrical mesh frame 6 to form the hole wall. Drilling continues, and the above actions are repeated until drilling is complete.

[0062] Another embodiment of the drilling method in the implementation of the present invention is an embodiment with the protective cylinder 11 installed. The rear end of the drill rod 1 is connected to the drive mechanism to drill into the gravel geological body. After drilling a certain distance, the drill rod 1 stops, the foremost cylindrical mesh 6 is moved to the air bag 5, and then the protective cylinder 11 is moved back one position to expose the front cylindrical mesh 6.

[0063] Then inflate the airbag 5. The expansion of the airbag 5 will lift the cylindrical mesh frame 6 until the airbag 5 pushes the cylindrical mesh frame 6 into the hole wall, so that the cylindrical mesh frame 6 supports the hole wall. At this time, the airbag 5 stops inflating and begins to deflate and retract until the airbag 5 returns to its original state. Then advance the protective cylinder 11 one station until it touches the support plate 3.

[0064] Then drill rod 1 continues to drill forward. After drilling a certain distance, drill rod 1 stops, and the protective cylinder 11 moves again. The airbag 5 supports the cylindrical mesh frame 6 to lift the hole wall. Then drilling continues. The above actions are repeated until drilling is completed.

[0065] This invention, through the structure described in the above embodiment, uses the expansion of airbags 5 to drive a self-supporting cylindrical mesh frame 6 to support the borehole wall. This is fast and efficient. The cylindrical mesh frame 6 is composed of multiple interconnected connectors 7 with easy-break 8, allowing for continuous support of the borehole wall at multiple work stations during drilling. This provides strong continuity. This invention is primarily applied to working conditions such as loose gravel and sandy geological formations. After drilling a certain distance, the expansion of airbags 5 supports the cylindrical mesh frame 6, which in turn supports the borehole, preventing gravel or loose material from falling into the hole. Especially with the addition of an elastic waterproof layer 19, it prevents groundwater within the loose rock and soil from diluting the grout or causing leakage, thus ensuring the stability of the borehole. Furthermore, multiple cylindrical space frames 6 are arranged sequentially, which can be used to support multiple workstations in the hole. As the supported components, multiple cylindrical space frames 6 are supported by airbags 5. A single power mechanism can continuously support multiple continuously feeding cylindrical space frames 6 in sequence. After being supported, the cylindrical space frames 6 self-lock to their current position to support the hole wall.

Claims

1. A drilling and wall protection device for gravel geological bodies, comprising a drill rod (1) and a drill bit (2) mounted on the head of the drill rod (1), characterized in that, include, Support plate (3), which is rotatably connected to drill rod (1), and the installation position of support plate (3) is close to drill bit (2); Support tube (4), the support tube (4) is fixed on the side of the support plate (3) facing away from the drill bit (2), the support tube (4) is sleeved on the drill rod (1), and the drill rod (1) can rotate relative to the support tube (4); Airbag (5), the airbag (5) is sleeved on the support tube (4), the airbag (5) is located on the support tube (4) near the support plate (3); A cylindrical mesh frame (6) is provided. There are multiple cylindrical mesh frames (6). Multiple cylindrical mesh frames (6) are connected end to end along the axial direction through a connector (7). The connector (7) is provided with a folding crease (8). The cylindrical mesh frame (6) is sleeved on the support tube (4). The cylindrical mesh frame (6) located at the head can be movably sleeved on the airbag (5). When the airbag (5) is inflated, the cylindrical mesh frame (6) can be opened and broken off from the folding crease (8) to support the hole wall. It also includes a pusher tube (10), which can be fitted onto the support tube (4) and is used to push the cylindrical grid (6) toward the drill bit (2); It also includes a protective cylinder (11), which encloses the mesh support and the airbag (5) inside. A second ramp (12) is provided on the support tube (4) between the airbag (5) and the support plate (3). The second ramp (12) is conical and has an installation hole inside. The installation hole is fitted onto the support tube (4). The second ramp (12) is used to guide the protective cylinder (11). The support plate (3) has an embedded annular magnet (13) on the side facing the airbag (5). The second ramp (12) is placed within the annular range of the annular magnet (13). The end of the protective cylinder (11) facing the magnet is made of ferromagnetic material. The magnet is used to hold the protective cylinder (11).

2. The hole-forming and wall-protecting construction device for gravel geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airbag (5) has a first ramp (9) on the support tube (4) on the side facing away from the support plate (3). The highest point of the first ramp (9) is higher than or equal to the height of the airbag (5) when it is not inflated. The first ramp (9) is used to guide the cylindrical mesh frame (6) onto the airbag (5).

3. The hole-forming and wall-protecting construction device for gravel geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid units of the cylindrical space frame (6) are parallelograms.

4. The hole-forming and wall-protecting construction device for gravel geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one set of support groups is axially arranged on the cylindrical mesh frame (6). The support group includes an even number of fixed blocks (14) fixed in a circle on the cylindrical mesh frame (6). The fixed blocks (14) have sliding grooves (15) with the same center as the cylindrical mesh frame (6). Two adjacent sliding grooves (15) are slidably connected with elastic support plates (16). The inner side of the elastic support plates (16) is evenly distributed with ratchet teeth (17) along its circumference. The sliding grooves (15) are provided with pawls (18) that cooperate with the ratchet teeth (17). When the cylindrical mesh frame (6) is opened, the pawls (18) when the adjacent fixed blocks (14) are relatively far apart can move on the ratchet teeth (17), while the structure of the pawls (18) and ratchet teeth (17) prevents the adjacent fixed blocks (14) from getting close to each other.

5. The hole-forming and wall-protecting construction device for gravel geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tubular mesh of the tubular frame (6) is wrapped with an elastic waterproof layer (19).

6. A method for forming a hole using the hole-forming and wall-protecting construction device for gravel geological bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Connect the rear end of the drill rod (1) to the drive mechanism. During the drilling process in the gravel geological body, after drilling a certain distance, the drill rod (1) is paused. The cylindrical grid (6) located at the front is moved to the air bag (5). Then the air bag (5) is inflated. The expansion of the air bag (5) drives the cylindrical grid (6) to be supported until the air bag (5) supports the cylindrical grid (6) to the hole wall. At this time, the air bag (5) stops expanding and begins to deflate and retract until the air bag (5) returns to its original state. Then the drill rod (1) continues to drill forward. After drilling a certain distance again, the cylindrical grid (6) is supported to the hole wall again by the air bag (5). Then the drilling and wall support are repeated until the hole is completed.

7. A method for forming a hole using the hole-forming and wall-protecting construction device for gravel geological bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Connect the rear end of the drill rod (1) to the drive mechanism. During the drilling process in the gravel geological body, after drilling a certain distance, the drill rod (1) pauses drilling, moves the foremost cylindrical grid (6) onto the airbag (5), and then moves the protective cylinder (11) back one position, exposing the front cylindrical grid (6). Then inflate the airbag (5). The expansion of the airbag (5) will lift the cylindrical mesh frame (6) until the airbag (5) lifts the cylindrical mesh frame (6) onto the hole wall. At this time, the airbag (5) stops expanding and begins to deflate and retract until the airbag (5) returns to its original state. Then advance the protective cylinder (11) one station until it contacts the support plate (3). Then the drill rod (1) continues to drill forward to form a hole. After drilling a certain distance, the protective cylinder (11) is moved again, and the cylindrical mesh frame (6) is supported and stabilized by the air bag (5). Then the drilling continues, and the above actions are repeated until the hole is drilled and the wall is stabilized.

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