Electrochromic device, preparation method thereof and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrochromic device, a preparation method of the electrochromic device and electronic equipment. The electrochromic device comprises a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer which are arranged in a stacked mode. Frame sealing glue; the closed cavity is internally provided with an electrochromic material; the frame sealing glue comprises a glue body; a first casting portion; and a second casting part. The electrochromic device is high in color changing uniformity, high in response speed and excellent in overall performance, and the phenomenon of edge color difference is not prone to occurring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrochromic device technology, specifically to electrochromic devices, their fabrication methods, and electronic devices. Background Technology

[0002] Electrochromic devices are devices that can change their color through an electrochemical process. Their built-in electrochromic layer undergoes a redox reaction under the influence of an electric field, thereby altering their optical properties and exhibiting different colors. However, when energized, electrochromic materials tend to accumulate at the anode and cathode, especially at the edges of the sealing adhesive, often resulting in discoloration at the edges or even color layering. Furthermore, the recovery time after power is cut off is slow.

[0003] Therefore, electrochromic devices still require further research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, one objective of this application is to propose an electrochromic device, a method for fabricating the same, and an electronic device thereof, which exhibits strong color-changing uniformity, fast response rate, and is less prone to edge color variations, demonstrating excellent overall performance.

[0005] The first aspect of this application discloses an electrochromic device, the electrochromic device comprising:

[0006] A first conductive layer and a second conductive layer are stacked together;

[0007] A sealing adhesive, wherein the sealing adhesive is located between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and surrounds the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to form a sealed cavity, and the sealed cavity includes an electrochromic material.

[0008] The sealing adhesive includes:

[0009] Glue body;

[0010] The first casting portion is located on the side surface of the adhesive body facing the sealed cavity and is connected to the first conductive layer;

[0011] The second casting portion is located on the side surface of the adhesive body facing the sealed cavity and is connected to the second conductive layer;

[0012] In the direction of the adhesive body toward the sealed cavity, the extension length of the first casting portion is X, the extension length of the second casting portion is Y, and the difference between X and Y is no greater than 60 μm.

[0013] According to the electrochromic device of this application, the difference between the extension length X of the first cast portion and the extension length Y of the second cast portion satisfies the above conditions. Under energized conditions, this facilitates a uniform distribution of the electric field within the device, thereby promoting uniform oxidation-reduction of the electrochromic material during the reaction process and improving phenomena such as color variations or even delamination at the edges of the electrochromic device. After power is turned off, the color residue in the electrochromic layer can quickly recover to its initial state, exhibiting a fast response rate.

[0014] According to embodiments of this application, the electrochromic device may also have the following additional technical features:

[0015] According to an embodiment of this application, the extension length of the first cast portion is 0.1 μm to 100 μm;

[0016] And / or, the extension length of the second cast portion is 0.1 μm to 100 μm.

[0017] According to an embodiment of this application, the difference between X and Y is no greater than 20 μm.

[0018] According to an embodiment of this application, the distance between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is 50 μm to 120 μm.

[0019] According to embodiments of this application, the material forming the sealing adhesive includes an adhesive liquid, which satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0020] The viscosity of the adhesive is 10000 mPa·s to 150000 mPa·s;

[0021] The thixotropic index of the adhesive is 1 to 8;

[0022] The curing energy of the adhesive is 1000 mJ / cm. 2 ~20000mj / cm 2 ;

[0023] The adhesive contains spacer spheres with a thickness of 50 μm to 120 μm.

[0024] According to embodiments of this application, the material forming the sealing adhesive includes an adhesive liquid, which satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0025] The viscosity of the adhesive is 30,000 mPa·s to 80,000 mPa·s;

[0026] The thixotropic index of the adhesive is 3 to 6;

[0027] The curing energy of the adhesive is 5000 mJ / cm. 2 ~10000mj / cm 2 .

[0028] According to embodiments of this application, the material of the gap ball includes at least one selected from glass, ceramic, calcium barate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and talc.

[0029] According to an embodiment of this application, the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the positive electrode plate, and the second conductive layer is electrically connected to the negative electrode plate;

[0030] The dyne value of the first conductive layer is A, and the dyne value of the second conductive layer is B, wherein A and B satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0031] AB is -30 to 30;

[0032] A is 30-60;

[0033] B is 30-60.

[0034] According to the embodiments of this application, AB is -2 to 18;

[0035] Alternatively, AB can be 4 to 10.

[0036] According to an embodiment of this application, the sealed cavity includes at least two electrochromic materials.

[0037] According to an embodiment of this application, a first substrate is disposed on the side of the first conductive layer away from the second conductive layer;

[0038] A second substrate is disposed on the side of the second conductive layer away from the first conductive layer.

[0039] A second aspect of this application discloses a method for fabricating the electrochromic device described in the first aspect of this application. According to an embodiment of this application, the method includes:

[0040] The sealing adhesive is applied between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to form a sealed cavity by surrounding the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer with the sealing adhesive.

[0041] Electrochromic material is injected into the sealed cavity, and then the sealed cavity is sealed to obtain the electrochromic device.

[0042] According to an embodiment of this application, applying a sealing adhesive between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer includes:

[0043] The adhesive is applied to the first surface of the first conductive layer to form an adhesive layer, and a glue inlet is reserved on the adhesive layer;

[0044] Flip the first conductive layer so that the first surface faces down;

[0045] The second conductive layer is bonded to the side of the first conductive layer where the adhesive layer is located, and then cured to form the sealing adhesive around the first and second conductive layers.

[0046] According to embodiments of this application, the curing process includes room temperature curing, ultraviolet light curing, or dual ultraviolet heating curing.

[0047] According to an embodiment of this application, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are cleaned before the sealing adhesive is applied between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

[0048] A third aspect of this application discloses an electronic device. According to an embodiment of this application, the electronic device includes: the electrochromic device described in the first aspect of this application.

[0049] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0050] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an electrochromic device structure according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0052] Figure 2 This illustration shows a partial structural schematic diagram of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 3 This illustration shows an edge color-changing mechanism diagram of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 4 A flowchart of a method for fabricating an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0055] Figure 5 This application shows a flowchart of applying sealant according to one embodiment;

[0056] Figure 6 The graph shows the performance test results of the electrochromic device prepared using the modified polyacrylate provided in Example 22 of this application;

[0057] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an electrochromic device structure according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0058] Figure 8 This shows a top view of a portion of the structure of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 9 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a first substrate and a first conductive layer structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 10 This illustration shows a patterned structure diagram of one embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 11 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the edge portion, patterned structure, first resistance control path, and second resistance control path structure of one embodiment of this application.

[0062] Figure 12 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a first resistance control path and a second resistance control path according to an embodiment of this application.

[0063] Figure 13 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the positive and negative electrode structures according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0064] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0065] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the positive and negative electrode structures of Embodiment 47 of this application is shown.

[0066] Figure label:

[0067] 10: Electrochromic device; 100: First conductive layer; 110: Main body; 111: Center; 112: Patterned structure; 120: Edge; 130: First resistance control path; 140: Second resistance control path; 150: First package; 160: Second package; 170: Spacer area; 200: Second conductive layer; 300: Sealing adhesive; 310: Adhesive body; 320: First casting portion; 330: Second casting portion; 400: Sealed cavity; 500: First substrate; 600: Second substrate; 200P: Electrochromic layer; 300P: Second conductive layer; 400P: Insulating structure; 500P: First conductive coating; 600P: Second conductive coating; 700: First substrate; 800A: Positive electrode; 800B: Negative electrode; 810: First part; 820: Second part; 830: Third part; 810A: First adhesive layer; 820A: Second back side; 830A: Third adhesive layer; 900: Second substrate; a and b: Cutting points; c: First included angle; d: Second included angle; M: First through hole; N: Second through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0069] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0070] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this application are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this application.

[0071] In this application, the terms "comprising" or "including" are open-ended expressions, meaning they include the content specified in this application but do not exclude other aspects.

[0072] Electrochromic devices typically consist of two conductive layers and an electrochromic layer between them, with the electrochromic layer sealed by an adhesive sealant around its edges. Due to the high reactivity of the electrochromic material, it readily undergoes redox reactions during the application of an electric current, generating reactive free radical intermediates, thus causing a color change. For liquid or semi-solid electrochromic layers (obtained by curing a liquid electrochromic material electrolyte), ions migrate under an electric field, easily accumulating at the anode and cathode, especially at the edges of the sealant, often resulting in discoloration or even color layering. This phenomenon is exacerbated during prolonged operation. Furthermore, the recovery time after power failure is slow.

[0073] Traditionally, the solution to the aforementioned technical problem has been to add anti-delamination agents to the electrolyte, such as polymethyl methacrylate and various ionic polymers. However, after the device has been operating for an extended period, such as 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, or even 8 hours, the severity of the phenomenon continues to increase, posing a serious safety hazard to devices that operate for extended periods overnight.

[0074] Therefore, the first aspect of this application proposes an electrochromic device, the electrochromic device 10 comprising: a first conductive layer 100 and a second conductive layer 200 stacked together; a sealing adhesive 300; and a sealed cavity 400, the sealed cavity 400 comprising an electrochromic material; the sealing adhesive 300 comprising: an adhesive body 310, a first casting portion 320, and a second casting portion 330. Specifically, the sealing adhesive 300 is located between the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200 and surrounds the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200 to form the sealed cavity 400; the first casting portion 320 is located on the side surface of the adhesive body 310 facing the sealed cavity 400 and is connected to the first conductive layer 100; the second casting portion 330 is located on the side surface of the adhesive body 310 facing the sealed cavity 400 and is connected to the second conductive layer 200.

[0075] The following is combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 This application elucidates the principles and advantages of its electrochromic device design:

[0076] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged view of the adhesive area in the center seal frame shows that during the dispensing and encapsulation process, due to the influence of gravity and surface tension of the adhesive, the adhesive will inevitably flow to one or both sides after dispensing. In this application, the area formed by the flow of adhesive is called the "flowing part". The flowing part connected to the first conductive layer is called the "first flowing part", and its corresponding width is denoted as X. That is, in the direction of the adhesive body towards the sealed cavity, the extension length of the first flowing part is X. The flowing part connected to the second conductive layer is called the "second flowing part", and its corresponding width is denoted as Y. That is, in the direction of the adhesive body towards the sealed cavity, the extension length of the second flowing part is Y.

[0077] Taking a sealed cavity containing two electrochromic materials as an example, one of the electrochromic materials is called the "cathode material," which contains A 2+ Ions, another type of electrochromic material is called "anodic material," denoted as B. For example... Figure 3 As shown, when the device is energized, cathode material A 2+ Under the influence of an electric field, anode material B rapidly gains and loses electrons on the surface of the conductive layer, transforming into the colored state A of cathode material. + and the coloring state B of the anodic material + This creates a composite color. When the power is cut off, the excited color-changing material A... + and B + They will collide with each other, rapidly gaining and losing electrons, and returning to their initial state (A). 2+ B, is colorless. Because the sealing adhesive is insulating, when X and Y have a certain difference (i.e., in an asymmetrical state), such as when X is less than Y, ... Figure 3As shown, the cathode will have a larger insulating area than the anode, forming an asymmetric electric field. This results in a higher current density at the edge of the cathode sealant compared to the anode, with A at the edge of the sealant. + The concentration is higher than that of B + High concentration of A at the edges of the sealing adhesive + It will gradually spread towards the inside of the sealant (the area where Y is located), while B + The electric field remains uniformly distributed within the conductive layer, indicating an uneven electric field. After the power is turned off and the electric field is eliminated, A diffuses into the inner side of the sealant. + Unable to communicate with B + A collision occurs promptly, resulting in color residue. At this point, B... + The distribution is uniform, and the residual color is relatively light, mainly A. + The color residue is the main factor. Similarly, if X is greater than Y, then B will appear. + Color residue.

[0078] As shown above, the difference between X and Y significantly affects the uniformity of the electric field distribution, thus influencing the color change uniformity and response rate. A smaller difference results in a more uniform electric field distribution, better color change uniformity, reduced likelihood of edge discoloration, and a higher response rate. Specifically, when the difference is no greater than 60 μm, the ion diffusion distance is shorter, which helps to achieve a uniform electric field distribution, improves the color change uniformity and response rate, reduces the likelihood of edge discoloration, and allows for rapid recovery to the initial state after power is cut off. In some embodiments, the difference between X and Y can be 0 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, etc., preferably no greater than 20 μm, and more preferably no greater than 10 μm.

[0079] It should be noted that the term "difference between X and Y" can be understood as the absolute value of X and Y, that is, a positive value.

[0080] According to embodiments of this application, the extension length of the first casting portion 320 is 0.1 μm to 100 μm. In some embodiments, the extension length of the first casting portion 320 is 0.1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, etc. This not only optimizes the uniformity of the electric field, improves the uniformity of the electric field and the migration speed of ions and electrons in the electrochromic process, and enhances the uniformity of color change and response rate, resulting in faster power-off recovery time; it also allows the size of the electrochromic region to reach an optimal level, bringing a better visual experience, while reducing the influence of the first casting portion on light absorption and reflection, thus improving the optical characteristics of the device. Furthermore, the extension length of the casting portion can be controlled by parameters such as the properties of the adhesive and the conductive layer, offering strong controllability and helping to improve production yield.

[0081] According to embodiments of this application, the extension length of the second casting portion 330 is 0.1 μm to 100 μm. In some embodiments, the extension length of the second casting portion 330 is 0.1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, etc. This not only optimizes the uniformity of the electric field, thereby improving the uniformity of the electric field and the migration speed of ions and electrons in the electrochromic process, and enhancing the color-changing uniformity and response rate; it also allows the size of the electrochromic region to reach an optimal level, resulting in a better visual experience, while reducing the influence of the first casting portion on light absorption and reflection, thus improving the optical characteristics of the device. Furthermore, the extension length of the casting portion can be controlled by parameters such as the properties of the adhesive and the conductive layer, offering strong controllability and helping to improve production yield.

[0082] According to embodiments of this application, the distance between the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200 is 50 μm to 120 μm. In some embodiments, the distance between the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200 is 50 μm, 60 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, etc.

[0083] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the distance between the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200 is the width of the sealed cavity 400, which is also the width of the electrochromic layer, denoted as Z. Reducing the Z value can reduce A. + and B + The collision distance is reduced, thus shortening the diffusion time and reducing the duration of discoloration. Furthermore, reducing the Z-value decreases the amount of electrolyte containing the electrochromic material used, reducing the device's color contrast and requiring an increase in the concentration of the electrochromic material, which introduces a series of process problems. When the Z-value is between 50 μm and 120 μm, it can effectively improve color uniformity and response rate, reduce edge discoloration, and allow for rapid recovery to the initial state after power failure; it also ensures suitable color contrast and excellent color-changing performance.

[0084] The material forming the sealing adhesive of this application may include an adhesive liquid. By controlling parameters such as viscosity, thixotropic index and curing energy of the adhesive liquid, the structure of the sealing adhesive can be controlled so that at least one of the X value, Y value and Z value satisfies the above conditions.

[0085] According to embodiments of this application, the viscosity of the adhesive is 10,000 mPa·s to 150,000 mPa·s. In some embodiments, the viscosity of the adhesive is 10,000 mPa·s, 30,000 mPa·s, 50,000 mPa·s, 70,000 mPa·s, 100,000 mPa·s, 120,000 mPa·s, 150,000 mPa·s, etc., preferably 30,000 mPa·s to 80,000 mPa·s. The viscosity of the adhesive can be measured using conventional instruments and methods such as a viscometer. Due to gravity, increasing the viscosity of the adhesive can shorten the casting width of the adhesive, which helps to shorten the difference between X and Y, resulting in a more symmetrical sealing adhesive structure and a more uniform electric field distribution. In addition, increasing the viscosity of the adhesive can easily reduce the adhesive force of the adhesive, thereby reducing its sealing performance and affecting the waterproof and dustproof performance of the device. When the viscosity of the adhesive meets the above conditions, it can effectively improve the uniformity of color change and response rate, reduce edge discoloration, and quickly return to the initial state after power failure. In addition, the good viscosity of the adhesive makes the device have strong sealing performance.

[0086] According to embodiments of this application, the thixotropic index of the adhesive is 1 to 8. Exemplarily, the thixotropic index of the adhesive is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., preferably 3 to 6, and can be measured using conventional instruments and methods such as viscometers, rheometers, and thixostats. Due to gravity, increasing the thixotropic index of the adhesive can shorten the casting width of the adhesive, helping to reduce the difference between X and Y, resulting in a more symmetrical sealing structure and a more uniform electric field distribution. Furthermore, increasing the thixotropic index of the adhesive can easily reduce its adhesive strength, thereby reducing its sealing performance and affecting the waterproof and dustproof properties of the device. When the thixotropic index of the adhesive meets the above conditions, it can effectively improve the uniformity of color change and response rate, reduce edge discoloration, and allow for rapid recovery to the initial state after power failure. Additionally, the adhesive viscosity is optimal, resulting in strong sealing performance of the device.

[0087] It should be noted that the viscosity, thixotropic index, and curing energy of the adhesive can be controlled by adjusting the types and contents of the components in the adhesive. The specific types and contents can be selected based on reasonable screening and optimization of the composition of adhesives disclosed in the art. For example, the adhesive contains at least one of polyacrylic acid resin, polyurethane acrylate resin, polyepoxy acrylate resin, polypropylene resin, polybutene resin, polyurethane resin, cationic epoxy resin, modified epoxy acrylate resin, fluorinated epoxy resin, silane-modified epoxy resin, and silicone rubber-modified epoxy resin. In some embodiments, the adhesive includes at least one of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, fumed silica, 4,4'-bis(hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)phenyl diglycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, trioctyl trimellitate, talc, plastic balls, γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate, and 4-chlorobenzophenone. In other embodiments, the adhesive comprises 1-50 parts by weight of bisphenol A epoxy resin, 1-50 parts by weight of bisphenol F epoxy resin, 1-50 parts by weight of fumed silica, 0.1-20 parts by weight of 4,4'-bis(hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)phenyl diglycidyl ether, 1-50 parts by weight of resorcinol diglycidyl ether, 1-50 parts by weight of trioctyl trimellitate, 1-50 parts by weight of talc, 0.01-10 parts by weight of plastic balls, 1-50 parts by weight of γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 0.1-50 parts by weight of diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate, and 1-50 parts by weight of 4-chlorobenzophenone.

[0088] According to embodiments of this application, the adhesive contains spacer spheres with a thickness of 50 μm to 120 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the spacer spheres is 50 μm, 60 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, etc. The spacer spheres are placed in the adhesive, and the distance between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, i.e., the Z-value, is controlled by controlling the size of the spacer spheres. The spacer spheres can be made of materials that are not easily deformed and do not easily react with the functional materials of the device, such as glass, ceramics, calcium barate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, talc, etc. The thickness of the spacer spheres, meeting the above conditions, can effectively improve the uniformity of color change and response rate, reduce edge discoloration, and allow for rapid recovery to the initial state after power failure; simultaneously, it can ensure suitable color contrast and excellent color-changing performance of the device.

[0089] According to an embodiment of this application, the curing energy of the adhesive is 1000 mJ / cm². 2 2000mj / cm 2 5000mj / cm 2 8000mj / cm 2 10000mj / cm 2 12000mj / cm2 15000mj / cm 2 18000mj / cm 2 20000mj / cm 2 5000mj / cm is preferred. 2 ~10000mj / cm 2 The curing energy can be measured using a UV energy meter. In this application, "curing energy" refers to the total energy required for the adhesive to fully cure. The higher the curing energy, the higher the energy required for complete curing of the adhesive. However, excessively high energy can easily lead to severe casting and increase the difference between X and Y. When the curing energy of the adhesive meets the above conditions, casting can be reduced and the difference between X and Y can be decreased. Furthermore, the viscosity of the adhesive is suitable for rapid curing, which further improves the sealing performance of the device.

[0090] According to embodiments of this application, the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the second conductive layer is electrically connected to the negative electrode; the dyne value of the first conductive layer is A, and the dyne value of the second conductive layer is B. In some embodiments, AB is -30 to 30, for example -30, -20, -10, -5, -2, 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 20, 30, etc., preferably -2 to 18, more preferably 4 to 10. The dyne value is a parameter that measures the energy state of a solid surface, usually used to characterize the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of a material surface. The dyne value is determined by measuring the contact angle of a liquid on a solid surface, and it is related to surface tension. For example, the dyne value can be measured using a dyne pen. In this application, reducing the dyne value of the first / second conductive layer can reduce the flow distance of the adhesive and reduce the difference between X and Y. Reducing the dyne value of the first / second conductive layer can easily lead to difficulty in forming a strong bond with the sealant, thereby affecting the sealing performance. If the dyne values ​​of the first and second conductive layers meet the above conditions, the X and Y values, and the difference between them, will satisfy the aforementioned conditions. This helps to achieve a uniform electric field distribution, improves the uniformity of color change distribution and response rate, reduces the likelihood of edge color variations, allows for rapid recovery to the initial state after power failure, and provides strong sealing. In some embodiments, AB is preferably -2 to 18, more preferably 4 to 10. This reduces the spread of adhesive due to gravity, thereby lowering the difference between X and Y.

[0091] According to an embodiment of this application, the dyne value of the first conductive layer 100 is 30-60, and exemplarily, it can be 30, 34, 40, 46, 50, 56, 60, etc. The dyne value of the second conductive layer 200 is 30-60, and exemplarily, it can be 30, 34, 40, 46, 50, 56, 60, etc. Thus, the first and second conductive layers can form a strong bond with the sealing adhesive, resulting in strong sealing performance. This also helps to achieve a uniform electric field distribution, improves the uniformity of color change distribution and response rate, reduces the likelihood of edge color variations, and allows for rapid recovery to the initial state after power failure.

[0092] Typically, cleaning is required before using the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200. The dyne value can be controlled by adjusting the pH value of the cleaning agent used for the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200. Specifically, a first substrate 500 is disposed on the side of the first conductive layer 100 away from the second conductive layer 200; a second substrate 600 is disposed on the side of the second conductive layer 200 away from the first conductive layer 100. Before use, the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200 are cleaned with a cleaning agent with a specific pH value to achieve the required dyne value.

[0093] According to embodiments of this application, the sealed cavity 400 includes at least two electrochromic materials. Using multiple electrochromic materials can provide a wider range of color variations, thereby achieving more diverse color display or adjustment effects, stronger contrast, and more vivid color changes.

[0094] According to an embodiment of this application, the electrochromic device 10 further includes: a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are located on the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer; or, the positive electrode is located on one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and the negative electrode is located on the other of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

[0095] A second aspect of this application discloses a method for fabricating the electrochromic device described in the first aspect of this application. According to embodiments of this application, see [link to embodiment]. Figure 4 The method includes: S100 applying sealing adhesive to form a sealed cavity; S200 filling with electrolyte and sealing. Each step will be described in detail below.

[0096] S100 applies sealing adhesive to form a sealed cavity.

[0097] In this step, the sealing adhesive is applied between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer so that the sealing adhesive surrounds the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to form a sealed cavity.

[0098] According to an embodiment of this application, see Figure 5The application of sealant between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer includes:

[0099] S110 applies adhesive and leaves a dispensing port.

[0100] In this step, the adhesive is applied to the first surface of the first conductive layer to form an adhesive layer, and a dispensing port is reserved on the adhesive layer.

[0101] In some embodiments, applying adhesive via dispensing allows for adjustment of the sealant structure by altering the direction of gravity acting on the adhesive, i.e., the dispensing and bonding direction. Adhesive on the lower glass surface is affected by both surface tension and gravity, spreading outwards and flowing. However, adhesive on the lower surface of the upper glass shrinks due to gravity, hindering this flow. Therefore, dispensing adhesive onto the upper glass surface and then bonding it upside down onto the lower glass effectively reduces the difference between the X and Y axes.

[0102] S120 flipping, bonding and curing

[0103] In this step, the first conductive layer is flipped so that the first surface is facing down, the second conductive layer is attached to the side of the first conductive layer where the adhesive layer is located, and then a curing process is performed to form the sealing adhesive around the first and second conductive layers.

[0104] The curing process described in this application can be heat curing, room temperature curing, moisture curing, ultraviolet light curing, or a combination of ultraviolet and heat curing. Because the viscosity of the adhesive easily changes under heat curing conditions, the casting distance and wettability become uncontrollable, making it difficult to precisely control the difference between X and Y. Therefore, the preferred curing process of this invention is room temperature curing, ultraviolet light curing, or a combination of ultraviolet and heat curing, more preferably a combination of ultraviolet and heat curing. The combination of ultraviolet and heat curing combines ultraviolet curing and heat curing, allowing for initial ultraviolet curing to set the shape and reduce viscosity changes before heat curing.

[0105] According to embodiments of this application, the adhesive treated with ultraviolet light curing contains at least one of polyacrylic acid resin, polyurethane acrylic resin, polyepoxy acrylic resin, polypropylene resin, polybutene resin, and polyurethane resin. The adhesive treated with ultraviolet heat dual curing contains at least one of cationic epoxy resin, modified epoxy acrylic resin, fluorinated epoxy resin, silane-modified epoxy resin, and silicone rubber-modified epoxy resin.

[0106] According to an embodiment of this application, the first and second conductive layers are cleaned before the sealant is applied between them. Therefore, by using cleaning agents with different pH values, the dyne values ​​of the first and second conductive layers can be controlled.

[0107] This application allows the use of a plasma cleaner to perform plasma cleaning on water-washed glass. The plasma cleaner includes a spark plasma cleaner or a box-type plasma cleaner. The energy parameters of the plasma equipment are 500W to 6000W, and the gas used can be air, nitrogen, or argon, etc.

[0108] It should be noted that the cleaning agent used in this application is a reagent commonly used in the field of electrochromic devices for cleaning substrates coated with conductive layers. The specific composition is not strictly limited and can be flexibly selected according to actual conditions. By controlling the addition ratio of one or more acidic or alkaline components, the pH value of the cleaning agent can be adjusted, thereby giving the cleaned conductive layer a specific dyne value. For example, for cleaning agents containing potassium hydroxide, different pH values ​​can be obtained by controlling the amount of potassium hydroxide added.

[0109] S200 is filled with electrolyte and sealed.

[0110] In this step, an electrolyte containing the electrochromic material is injected into the sealed cavity, and then the sealed cavity is sealed to obtain the electrochromic device. A filling port is provided during the previous step of forming the sealed cavity, through which the electrolyte is injected into the sealed cavity, and then the sealed cavity is sealed by an encapsulation component to obtain the electrochromic device.

[0111] In some embodiments, the encapsulation component can be a UV-curable sealing adhesive, which can be used to seal the filling port through UV curing.

[0112] According to embodiments of this application, the electrolyte may include an anodic color-changing material, a cathodic color-changing material, an electrolyte, and a solvent.

[0113] A third aspect of this application discloses an electronic device. According to an embodiment of this application, the electronic device includes the electrochromic device described in the first aspect. Therefore, the electronic device of this application exhibits good color-changing uniformity and a fast response rate.

[0114] According to embodiments of this application, the electronic device includes a display, an anti-glare rearview mirror, a dimming awning, a dimming glass window, dimming photochromic glasses, electronic paper, etc.

[0115] It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the electrochromic device in the first aspect also apply to the method for preparing the electrochromic device and electronic device, and will not be repeated here.

[0116] Liquid electrochromic electrolytes contain anode and cathode electrochromic materials. These materials may exhibit electrophoretic phenomena under an electric field, causing color stratification in the device, slow recovery speed, and degraded performance. Existing technologies include directly dissolving polymer electrolytes in organic solvents, adding polymer monomers to the solution for polymerization, and adding polymer monomers to the solution for partial polymerization to form prepolymers followed by secondary polymerization. The prepared polymer electrolytes include polyacrylates, polyisocyanates of polyacrylate, or polyacrylate salts. These polymer electrolytes have high viscosity in the electrochromic electrolyte, which can reduce the migration rate of the color-changing material in a non-uniform electric field and delay stratification. Furthermore, acrylate ions carry a certain negative charge and have a bonding effect on the positively charged intermediates formed after the oxidation-reduction of the electrochromic material, slowing down the movement of these intermediates, such as cationic radical intermediates of viologen derivatives, phenazines, and phenothiazines.

[0117] However, polyacrylates (such as ammonium polyacrylate) have weak dissociation ability in organic solvents (such as propylene carbonate), which hinders their complexation with positive-valent intermediates. Therefore, their effect on delaying the migration of color-changing positive-valent intermediate ions is still insufficient.

[0118] The fourth aspect of this application provides a modified polyacrylate, the structural formula of which is shown in Formula 1:

[0119]

[0120] Wherein, R1 is selected from any one of C1-C3 alkyl groups and H, and R2 is selected from C1-C3. 18 Any one of the alkyl group and the terminal hydroxyl group of C1-C8;

[0121] R3 is selected from any one of C1-C3 alkyl groups and H; R4 is selected from C1-C3 alkyl groups and H groups. 18 Alkylene, C6-C 30 Any one of the aryl group, CF2, CHF, C2F4, and single bond; R5 is selected from C1-C 18 Any one of the alkyl groups.

[0122] R6 is selected from any one of C1-C3 alkyl groups and H; R7 is selected from C1-C3 alkyl groups and H groups. 18 Alkylene, C6-C 30 Any one of the aryl group, CF2, CHF, C2F4 and a single bond;

[0123] R8, R9, R10, and R11 are each independently selected from C1-C 18 It can be any one of the alkyl group and the C1-C8 terminal group that is a hydroxyl group;

[0124] X is selected from N or P;

[0125] n, m, and p each represent the degree of aggregation.

[0126] In this embodiment, R8, R9, R10, and R11 are four groups attached to X. Further, C1-C 18 Alkyl groups include C1-C 18 Branched alkyl or C1-C 18 Straight-chain alkyl groups.

[0127] The modified polyacrylate provided in this application is a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate. By introducing alkyl sulfonate, aryl sulfonate, or fluorosulfonate groups with stronger polarity and better low-temperature dissociation into the acrylate structure, the dissociation ability of the ionic polymer electrolyte is improved while retaining the high solubility of the polyacrylate. This results in stronger complexation with the positive-valent intermediate of the color-changing material and better anti-delamination effect. Therefore, the modified polyacrylate provided in this application can be used as an ionic polymer electrolyte in liquid electrochromic electrolytes, achieving good anti-delamination effect.

[0128] Furthermore, as the size of electrochromic devices continues to increase, larger electrochromic devices are more prone to delamination during prolonged energization or at low temperatures. For example, large electrochromic devices still exhibit delamination after being continuously energized for more than 3 hours, and the delamination intensifies after 8 hours. In addition, electrochromic devices fade more slowly under cyclic on-off operation at -30°C, and the color-changing material migrates and accumulates, leading to device failure.

[0129] The modified polyacrylate provided in this application is suitable for large-size electrochromic devices and can be used in low-temperature operating environments. For example, an electrochromic device (30cm×10cm) using modified polyacrylate as the polymer electrolyte has the advantage of no delamination after 12 hours of continuous power supply at room temperature and 14 days of low-temperature cycling at -30℃.

[0130] In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the modified polyacrylate is 100,000 Da to 500,000 Da, and / or n, m and p are each independent natural numbers from 5 to 3,000.

[0131] The molecular weight of the modified polyacrylate is 100,000 Da to 500,000 Da. In specific examples, the molecular weight of the modified polyacrylate is 100,000 Da, 150,000 Da, 200,000 Da, 250,000 Da, 300,000 Da, 350,000 Da, 400,000 Da, 450,000 Da, or 500,000 Da, etc.

[0132] n, m, and p are each an independent natural number between 5 and 3000. Specifically, n, m, and p are all natural numbers between 5 and 3000, and their values ​​are independent of each other. In specific examples, n can be 5, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, or 3000; m can be 5, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, or 3000; and p can be 5, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, or 3000.

[0133] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the degree of polymerization or molecular weight range, the anti-stratification effect is improved, ensuring the electrolyte's color change response speed. If the degree of polymerization or molecular weight is too high, the solubility of the prepared modified polyacrylate decreases, the anti-stratification effect decreases, and the viscosity becomes too high, resulting in a slow fading response speed of the liquid electrolyte. If the degree of polymerization or molecular weight is too low, the viscosity of the modified polyacrylate becomes too low, reducing the anti-stratification effect.

[0134] In some embodiments, the modified polyacrylate has a molecular weight of 100,000 Da to 450,000 Da, n is a natural number from 500 to 3,000, m is a natural number from 5 to 700, and p is a natural number from 5 to 700.

[0135] Furthermore, the molecular weight of the modified polyacrylate is 150,000 Da to 370,000 Da.

[0136] The embodiments of this application further provide the molecular weight of the polyacrylate or the respective values ​​of n, m and p, which is beneficial to obtain a better anti-delamination effect.

[0137] In some embodiments, R4 is selected as a single bond or C6-C. 30 The aryl group, wherein R7 is selected as a single bond or C6-C 30 The modified polyacrylate provided in this application, when used in liquid electrochromic electrolytes, exhibits better anti-stratification effects.

[0138] In a specific example, the modified polyacrylate has the structural formula shown in any of Formulas 1-1 to 1-8;

[0139]

[0140] In the embodiments of this application, the modified polyacrylate has the structural formula shown in any of Formulas 1-1 to 1-8. These modified polyacrylate polymers exhibit high anti-delamination effect when applied to liquid electrochromic electrolytes.

[0141] The fifth aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned modified polyacrylate, comprising: copolymerizing polyacrylate monomers, sulfonate monomers and sulfonate monomers to prepare modified polyacrylate; wherein the sulfonate monomers include at least one of quaternary ammonium sulfonate salts and quaternary phosphonium sulfonate salts.

[0142] The structural formula of the obtained modified polyacrylate is shown in Formula 1:

[0143]

[0144] Wherein, R1 is selected from any one of C1-C3 alkyl groups and H, and R2 is selected from C1-C3. 18 Any one of the alkyl group and the terminal hydroxyl group of C1-C8;

[0145] R3 is selected from any one of C1-C3 alkyl groups and H; R4 is selected from C1-C3 alkyl groups and H groups. 18 Alkylene, C6-C 30 Any one of the aryl group, CF2, CHF, C2F4, and single bond; R5 is selected from C1-C 18 Any one of the alkyl groups.

[0146] R6 is selected from any one of C1-C3 alkyl groups and H; R7 is selected from C1-C3 alkyl groups and H groups. 18 Alkylene, C6-C 30 Any one of the aryl group, CF2, CHF, C2F4 and a single bond;

[0147] R8, R9, R10, and R11 are each independently selected from C1-C 18 It can be any one of the alkyl group and the C1-C8 terminal group that is a hydroxyl group;

[0148] X is selected from N or P;

[0149] n, m, and p each represent the degree of aggregation.

[0150] The modified polyacrylate prepared in this application embodiment, as an ionic polymer electrolyte, can play a good anti-delamination role when used in liquid electrochromic electrolytes; moreover, the modified polyacrylate is suitable for large-size electrochromic devices and can be used in low-temperature working environments.

[0151] The preparation method provided in this application is simple in synthesis, low in cost, and easy to operate.

[0152] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the polyacrylate monomer, sulfonate monomer and sulfonate monomer is 1:0.001-0.5:0.001-0.5. In specific examples, the molar ratios of polyacrylate monomer, sulfonate monomer, and sulfonate monomer are 1:0.001:0.001, 1:0.005:0.001, 1:0.01:0.001, 1:0.05:0.001, 1:0.1:0.001, 1:0.2:0.001, 1:0.3:0.001, 1:0.4:0.001, 1:0.5:0.001, 1:0.001:0.005, 1:0.001:0.01, 1:0.001:0.05, 1:0.001:0.1, 1:0.001:0.2, 1:0.001:0.3, 1:0.001:0.4, or 1:0.001:0.5, etc.

[0153] In this embodiment, by setting the ratio of polyacrylate monomer, sulfonate monomer, and sulfonate monomer, and adding an appropriate amount of sulfonate monomer, the resulting modified polyacrylate maintains high solubility in the electrochromic electrolyte solvent, thereby further improving the anti-stratification effect. Since the sulfonic acid groups in the sulfonate monomer have hydrophilic and oleophobic properties, if the added sulfonate monomer is too high, it may reduce the solubility of the modified polyacrylate and affect the anti-stratification effect.

[0154] In some embodiments, the sulfonate monomer comprises at least one of α-alkenyl sulfonate monomer and vinylbenzene sulfonate monomer; and / or, the sulfonate monomer comprises at least one of α-alkenyl sulfonate monomer and vinylbenzene sulfonate monomer; wherein the structural formula of the α-alkenyl sulfonate monomer is shown in Formula 2:

[0155]

[0156] The structural formula of the vinylbenzenesulfonate monomer is shown in Formula 3:

[0157]

[0158] The modified polyacrylate obtained by the preparation method in this application is shown in Formula 1, wherein R1 and R2 are from the functional groups of the acrylate monomer, R3, R4 and R5 are from the functional groups of the α-alkenyl sulfonate monomer or the vinylbenzene sulfonate monomer, and R6 and R7 are from the functional groups of the α-alkenyl sulfonate monomer or the vinylbenzene sulfonate monomer.

[0159] In some embodiments, the method for preparing modified polyacrylate includes: copolymerizing polyacrylate monomers, α-alkenyl sulfonate monomers, and α-alkenyl sulfonate monomers to obtain modified polyacrylate, as shown in Formula I:

[0160]

[0161] The preparation method provided in this application is simple in its synthetic route, low in cost, and easy to operate; the sulfonate-modified polyacrylate prepared exhibits good anti-stratification effect.

[0162] In some implementations, the copolymerization reaction is initiated by chemical initiators and by physical initiation.

[0163] Furthermore, the chemical initiator used for initiation includes at least one of azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, and benzophenone peroxide.

[0164] In this embodiment, a chemical initiator is used as the initiator for the free radical polymerization reaction, which is beneficial for effectively obtaining the desired modified polyacrylate.

[0165] Furthermore, the molar ratio of polyacrylate monomer to chemical initiator is 1:0.001 to 0.01. In specific examples, the molar ratio of polyacrylate monomer to chemical initiator is 1:0.001, 1:0.002, 1:0.003, 1:0.004, 1:0.005, 1:0.006, 1:0.007, 1:0.008, 1:0.009, or 1:0.01, etc.

[0166] By controlling the addition of an appropriate amount of chemical initiator, it is beneficial to synthesize modified polyacrylates with an appropriate molecular weight, thereby improving the anti-delamination effect.

[0167] Furthermore, physical initiation includes radiation initiation and heating initiation. Among them, radiation initiation methods include microwave initiation and electron beam initiation.

[0168] In some embodiments, the copolymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature of 70°C to 100°C.

[0169] In this embodiment, the copolymerization reaction temperature is set to 70℃~100℃, which is beneficial to improve the copolymerization reaction efficiency. Excessively high temperatures will cause the initiator to decompose too quickly, increasing the chain termination reaction rate and leading to a decrease in the degree of polymerization. In specific examples, the copolymerization reaction temperature is 70℃, 80℃, 90℃, or 100℃.

[0170] Furthermore, the copolymerization reaction temperature is 75℃~85℃.

[0171] The embodiments of this application facilitate the rapid acquisition of modified polyacrylates with the desired degree of polymerization within a reasonable temperature range.

[0172] Furthermore, the copolymerization reaction time is 0.5 h to 24 h. Even further, the copolymerization reaction time is 1 h to 12 h.

[0173] In some embodiments, after the copolymerization reaction is completed, the desired modified polyacrylate is obtained through purification.

[0174] The embodiments of this application can obtain modified polyacrylate with the required purity through purification treatment.

[0175] Further purification treatment includes: adding anhydrous ethanol to precipitate the solid product, then washing the unreacted monomers, residual initiators and reaction solvents with a washing volume, and finally drying the product.

[0176] Furthermore, the washing volume includes an organic solvent. Even further, the organic solvent includes at least one selected from anhydrous ethanol, petroleum ether, n-hexane, diethyl ether, acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and dichloromethane.

[0177] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the α-olefin sulfonate monomer includes one of the following methods (1) to (3):

[0178] (1) Sodium α-alkenylsulfonate is reacted with a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary phosphorus salt to obtain an α-alkenylsulfonate monomer;

[0179] (2) Reaction of α-alkenyl sulfonate silver with quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt to obtain α-alkenyl sulfonate monomer;

[0180] (3) React α-alkenyl sulfonate with trialkylamine or trialkylphosphine to obtain α-alkenyl sulfonate monomer.

[0181] In some embodiments, the method for preparing α-olefin sulfonate monomers includes:

[0182] Sodium α-alkenylsulfonate is reacted with a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary phosphonium salt to obtain the α-alkenylsulfonate monomer, as shown in Formula II:

[0183]

[0184] The method for preparing α-alkenyl sulfonate monomers provided in this application involves an ion exchange reaction between sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate and a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary phosphonium salt. The synthetic route is simple and the preparation cost is low.

[0185] Furthermore, the coordinating anions of quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary phosphonium salts include F. - Cl - ,Br - ClO4 - BF4 - PF6 - and CF3SO3 - At least one of them.

[0186] Furthermore, the molar ratio of sodium α-alkenylsulfonate to the quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt is 2:1 to 1:2. In specific examples, the molar ratio of sodium α-alkenylsulfonate to the quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt is 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, 1:1.5, or 2:1, etc. In the embodiments of this application, setting the molar ratio of sodium α-alkenylsulfonate to the quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt to 2:1 to 1:2 is beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency and preparing the target product α-alkenylsulfonate.

[0187] Furthermore, the molar ratio of sodium α-alkenylsulfonate to quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt is 1.5:1 to 1:1. In specific examples, the molar ratio of sodium α-alkenylsulfonate to quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt is 1.5:1, 1.4:1, 1.3:1, 1.2:1, 1.1:1 or 1:1, etc.

[0188] In the embodiments of this application, excess quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt will dissolve in the solvent along with the product, making it impossible to filter and purify, thus making purification difficult. Therefore, by adding excess sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate in the reaction, it can be removed by filtration, which facilitates purification and accelerates the reaction rate.

[0189] Furthermore, sodium α-alkenylsulfonate is reacted with a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary phosphonium salt, and the solvent used includes at least one of cyano-based organic solvents, amide-based organic solvents, sulfoxide-based organic solvents, ester-based organic solvents, ketone-based organic solvents, ether-based organic solvents, halogenated hydrocarbon-based organic solvents, and alcohol-based organic solvents.

[0190] In specific examples, cyano-based organic solvents include acetonitrile.

[0191] In specific examples, amide organic solvents include at least one of dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide.

[0192] In specific examples, sulfoxide-based organic solvents include dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0193] In specific examples, ester organic solvents include at least one of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate.

[0194] In a specific example, ketone organic solvents include at least one of acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.

[0195] In specific examples, ether organic solvents include at least one of diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane.

[0196] In specific examples, the halogenated hydrocarbon organic solvents include at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane.

[0197] In specific examples, alcoholic organic solvents include at least one of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.

[0198] Furthermore, sodium α-alkenylsulfonate is reacted with a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary phosphonium salt at a reaction temperature of 25℃ to 120℃. Specific examples include reaction temperatures of 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, 75℃, 80℃, 85℃, 90℃, 95℃, 100℃, 105℃, 110℃, 115℃, and 120℃.

[0199] In this embodiment, the reaction temperature is set between 25°C and 120°C, which is beneficial for improving reaction efficiency and facilitating subsequent separation and purification. The distillation temperature of the filtrate after filtration of the synthesized α-alkenyl sulfonate monomer should not be too high, as high temperatures will cause the α-alkenyl functional groups to polymerize, affecting the yield and purity.

[0200] Furthermore, the reaction temperature is 25℃~80℃.

[0201] This is beneficial for improving reaction efficiency and obtaining α-olefin sulfonates with higher purity.

[0202] Furthermore, the reaction time is 1 hour to 24 hours. Even further, the reaction time is 1 hour to 12 hours.

[0203] In some embodiments, the method for preparing α-olefin sulfonate monomers includes:

[0204] The α-alkenyl sulfonate is reacted with a trialkylamine or a trialkylphosphine to obtain the α-alkenyl sulfonate monomer, as shown in Formula III:

[0205]

[0206] The method for preparing α-alkenyl sulfonate monomers provided in this application involves an acid-base neutralization reaction between α-alkenyl sulfonate and trialkylamine or trialkylphosphine. The synthetic route is simple and the preparation cost is low.

[0207] Furthermore, the reaction temperature is 25℃~200℃.

[0208] In the embodiments of this application, the α-alkenyl sulfonate is reacted with trialkylamine or trialkylphosphine by heating, which helps to improve the reaction efficiency.

[0209] Furthermore, the reaction temperature is 25℃~120℃.

[0210] Furthermore, the molar ratio of α-alkenyl sulfonate to trialkylamine or trialkylphosphine is ≥1:1.

[0211] In the embodiments of this application, adding a trialkylamine or trialkylphosphine in an amount equal to or in excess of the α-alkenylsulfonate is beneficial to improving reaction efficiency. The amount of trialkylamine or trialkylphosphine added shall be at least equal to that of the α-alkenylsulfonate; furthermore, the amount of trialkylamine or trialkylphosphine added shall be in excess of the α-alkenylsulfonate.

[0212] Furthermore, the solvents used to react α-alkenyl sulfonates with trialkylamines or trialkylphosphines include at least one of acetonitrile, anhydrous ethanol, acetone, chloroform, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran.

[0213] Furthermore, the post-reaction treatment can involve precipitation and washing with a solvent (including at least one of diethyl ether, petroleum ether, anhydrous ethanol, and acetonitrile) to remove excess trialkylamine. Even further, the obtained α-alkenylsulfonate ammonium or α-alkenylsulfonate phosphonium monomer is subjected to reduced pressure heating to remove the solvent.

[0214] In some embodiments, the method for preparing α-olefin sulfonate monomers includes:

[0215] Silver α-alkenylsulfonate is reacted with a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary phosphonium salt to obtain an α-alkenylsulfonate monomer.

[0216] In this embodiment, silver α-alkenylsulfonate is precipitated with quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt, which facilitates the precipitation of silver salt, accelerates the reaction efficiency, facilitates the separation of the main product, and reduces the difficulty of post-processing.

[0217] Furthermore, silver α-alkenylsulfonate is reacted with a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary phosphonium salt to obtain the α-alkenylsulfonate monomer, as shown in Formula IV:

[0218]

[0219] Among them, the coordinating anions used in the silver ion precipitation reaction include halide ions, such as F. - Cl - ,Br - or I - .

[0220] The sixth aspect of this application provides an electrochromic electrolyte comprising at least one of the modified polyacrylates described above, or comprising at least one of the modified polyacrylates obtained by the preparation method described above.

[0221] The embodiments of this application use at least one of the above-mentioned modified polyacrylates as electrochromic electrolytes, which is beneficial to improve the anti-delamination effect of liquid electrochromic electrolytes. It can be applied to large-size liquid electrochromic devices and can exhibit a high anti-delamination effect when working under low temperature conditions.

[0222] The seventh aspect of this application provides an electrochromic electrolyte, including the electrochromic electrolyte described above.

[0223] The embodiments of this application use at least one of the above-mentioned modified polyacrylates as electrochromic electrolytes. The provided liquid electrochromic electrolyte exhibits good anti-delamination effect and can be applied to large-size liquid electrochromic devices. It can also exhibit high anti-delamination effect when working under low-temperature conditions.

[0224] In some embodiments, the modified polyacrylate has a mass percentage content of 1 wt% to 10 wt% in the electrochromic electrolyte. Specifically, the modified polyacrylate has a mass percentage content of 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, or 10 wt% in the electrochromic electrolyte.

[0225] In this embodiment, the amount of modified polyacrylate in the electrochromic electrolyte affects the anti-stratification effect. If the content of modified polyacrylate in the electrochromic electrolyte is too high, the viscosity of the electrochromic electrolyte will be too high, the overall fading response speed will be reduced, and at the same time, the solubility of modified polyacrylate in the solvent will be reduced, thus reducing the anti-stratification effect.

[0226] Furthermore, the modified polyacrylate has a mass percentage of 1wt% to 5wt% in the electrochromic electrolyte. This is beneficial for further improving the anti-stratification effect of the electrochromic electrolyte.

[0227] In some embodiments, the electrochromic electrolyte further includes a solvent and an electrochromic material.

[0228] Furthermore, electrochromic materials include cathodic color-changing materials and anodic color-changing materials.

[0229] Furthermore, the cathodic color-changing material includes alkyl viologen and its derivatives, with anions such as tetrafluoroborate, perchlorate, hexafluorophosphate, etc., such as at least one of methyl viologen ditetrafluoroborate, ethyl viologen diperchlorate (36305-51-8), ethyl viologen dihexafluorophosphate (138926-07-5), and heptyl viologen ditetrafluoroborate; and / or, the anodic color-changing material includes phenazine, phenothiazine, ferrocene and its derivatives, such as at least one of dihydrophenazine, 5,10-dimethylphenazine (15546-75-5), phenothiazine (92-84-2), 10-methylphenothiazine (1207-72-3), ferrocene, and methylferrocene.

[0230] Furthermore, the solvent includes at least one of ether or polyether solvents, alcohol solvents, nitrile solvents, ketone solvents, cyclic ester solvents, and carbonate solvents.

[0231] Furthermore, the ether or polyether solvents include at least one of 3-methylcyclobutane sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol; the alcohol solvents include ethoxyethanol; the nitrile solvents include at least one of acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, and 2-methylglutaronitrile; the ketone solvents include at least one of 2-acetylbutyrolactone and cyclopentanone; the cyclic ester solvents include at least one of β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, and γ-valerolactone; and the carbonate solvents include at least one of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.

[0232] Furthermore, the solvent is a dehydrated and deoxygenated solvent.

[0233] The eighth aspect of this application provides a method for preparing an electrochromic electrolyte, comprising:

[0234] Modified polyacrylate is mixed with raw materials including chromogenic materials and solvents to obtain an electrochromic electrolyte.

[0235] Alternatively, polyacrylate monomers, sulfonate monomers and sulfonate monomers can be copolymerized, and then raw materials including color-changing materials and solvents can be added and mixed to obtain an electrochromic electrolyte.

[0236] The preparation method of the electrochromic electrolyte provided in this application embodiment can be: first, prepare a modified polyacrylate with high purity, and then mix the modified polyacrylate with other raw materials of the electrolyte to obtain the electrochromic electrolyte, which is equivalent to a two-step method.

[0237] The preparation method of the electrochromic electrolyte provided in this application embodiment can also be: directly adding other raw materials of the electrolyte to the system after the copolymerization reaction is completed to obtain the electrochromic electrolyte, i.e., one-pot method.

[0238] The embodiments of this application use a one-pot method to prepare electrochromic electrolytes, which eliminates the need for purification, crystallization, and resolution of sulfonate-modified polyacrylates, allowing for direct preparation of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the use of anhydrous oxygen solvents can improve the free radical utilization rate of the initiator, making the polymerization conditions more stable and facilitating the control of the degree of polymerization and the repeatability of the preparation process.

[0239] The ninth aspect of this application provides an electrochromic device, including the electrolyte described above, or including the electrolyte obtained by the preparation method described above.

[0240] The electrochromic device provided in this application has a high anti-delamination effect, is suitable for the production of large-size devices, and is also suitable for use under low-temperature conditions.

[0241] In specific examples, electrochromic devices include anti-glare rearview mirrors for automobiles, aircraft windows, dimming glass, displays, wearable devices, or energy storage devices.

[0242] In some implementations, under a 1.2V pulse voltage test condition: the duration of the current stabilization phase of the electrochromic device is greater than 8000s, and / or, the color-changing aggregation degree is ≤5.6% after 12h. In specific examples, the duration of the current stabilization phase of the electrochromic device is 9000s, 10000s, 11000s, 12000s, 13000s, 14000s, 15000s, 16000s, 17000s, 18000s, 19000s, 20000s, 21000s, 22000s, 23000s, 24000s, 25000s, 26000s, 27000s, 28000s, 29000s, 30000s, 32000s, 35000s, 40000s, 45000s, 50000s, 54000s, 58000s, 60000s, or 65000s, etc. In specific examples, the 12-hour color-changing aggregation degree is 1.3%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.8%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.2%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.1%, 5.3%, 5.6%, or 6.0%, etc.

[0243] The electrochromic device provided in this application has a high anti-delamination effect. Under test conditions of applying a 1.2V pulsed power supply to the electrochromic device, the current remains stable for more than 8000 seconds, effectively suppressing the electrophoretic phenomenon on the surface. After the current stabilizes, the current continues to rise, and the electrophoretic phenomenon only appears then. A higher aggregation degree indicates a greater migration rate of the electrochromic material in a non-uniform electric field, making delamination more likely. In this application embodiment, the 12-hour color-changing aggregation degree is ≤5.6%, indicating that the modified polyacrylate provided in this application can effectively slow down the migration rate of the electrochromic material in a non-uniform electric field, achieving the technical effect of delaying delamination.

[0244] This application provides an electrochromic device in a tenth aspect. According to an embodiment of this application, the electrochromic device includes: a first conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, and a second conductive layer stacked together; the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer includes: a main body portion and an edge portion, the main body portion and the edge portion being spaced apart; an insulating structure disposed on the side of the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer facing the electrochromic layer, the insulating structure and the edge portion being disposed on opposite sides of the electrochromic layer and not on the same conductive layer; a first conductive coating, the first conductive coating being connected to one of the first and second conductive layers and connected to the other conductive layer of the first and second conductive layers through the insulating structure; and a second conductive coating, the second conductive coating being connected to one of the first and second conductive layers that does not contain the edge portion and the edge portion, respectively.

[0245] According to the electrochromic device of this application embodiment, the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer includes a main body portion and an edge portion disposed at intervals, so that the edge portion, the second conductive coating, and the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer are connected in parallel, which can reduce the internal resistance of the device. Furthermore, the parallel connection of the edge portion and the second conductive coating increases the effective working area of ​​the second conductive coating, resulting in better current linear divergence, thereby further reducing the internal resistance of the device, thus reducing the overall resistance of the device, improving color uniformity and fading rate. Moreover, while achieving the same internal resistance, the amount of the second conductive coating can be reduced, saving production costs.

[0246] According to an embodiment of this application, in the direction of the main body portion toward the edge portion, at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: the width of the edge portion is 0.05mm to 2.7mm; the shortest distance between the main body portion and the edge portion is 0.3mm to 2.9mm; the width of the edge portion is M, the shortest distance between the main body portion and the edge portion is N, and the sum of M and N is 0.35mm to 3mm.

[0247] According to an embodiment of this application, in the direction of the main body portion toward the edge portion, at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: the width of the edge portion is 0.1 mm to 2 mm; the shortest distance between the main body portion and the edge portion is 1 mm to 2.9 mm; the width of the edge portion is M, the shortest distance between the main body portion and the edge portion is N, and the sum of M and N is 2.5 mm to 3 mm.

[0248] According to an embodiment of this application, the resistance of the electrochromic device is 30Ω to 150Ω.

[0249] According to an embodiment of this application, the main body includes a central portion and a patterned structure located on the side of the central portion away from the edge portion. The patterned structure is electrically connected to the central portion, and the patterned structure includes a plurality of spaced-apart first through holes.

[0250] According to an embodiment of this application, the patterned structure satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the diameter of the first through hole is 0.3 mm to 2.9 mm; the shortest distance from the edge of the first through hole to the side of the patterned structure away from the center is 0.05 mm to 2.7 mm; the diameter of the first through hole is P, the shortest distance from the edge of the first through hole to the side of the patterned structure away from the center is Q, and the sum of P and Q is 0.35 mm to 3 mm.

[0251] According to an embodiment of this application, the patterned structure satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the diameter of the first through hole is 1 mm to 2.9 mm; the shortest distance from the edge of the first through hole to the side of the patterned structure away from the center is 0.1 mm to 2 mm; the diameter of the first through hole is P, the shortest distance from the edge of the first through hole to the side of the patterned structure away from the center is Q, and the sum of P and Q is 2.5 mm to 3 mm.

[0252] According to an embodiment of this application, the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer containing the edge portion further includes: a first resistance control path, one end of which is electrically connected to one end of the edge portion, and the other end of which is electrically connected to one end of the patterned structure; a second resistance control path, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the edge portion, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the patterned structure; a first resistance control path, one end of which is electrically connected to one end of the edge portion, and the other end of which is electrically connected to one end of the patterned structure; a second resistance control path, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the edge portion, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the patterned structure; the resistance of the edge portion and the patterned structure are each independently 4Ω to 30Ω; the parallel resistance of the first resistance control path and the second resistance control path are each independently 30Ω to 1000Ω.

[0253] According to embodiments of this application, at least one of the following conditions is met: the resistance difference between the first resistance control path and the second resistance control path is not greater than 20% of either the resistance value of the first resistance control path or the resistance value of the second resistance control path; the resistances of the first resistance control path and the second resistance control path are each independently 30Ω to 1000Ω; the parallel resistances of the first resistance control path and the second resistance control path are each independently 45Ω to 200Ω; and the resistances of the edge portion and the patterned structure are each independently 4Ω to 10Ω.

[0254] According to an embodiment of this application, the resistances of the first resistance control path and the second resistance control path are each independently 90Ω to 400Ω.

[0255] According to an embodiment of this application, a resistor is provided on the first resistance control path and / or the second resistance control path.

[0256] According to an embodiment of this application, in the direction perpendicular to the main body portion toward the edge portion, the length of the edge portion is A, and the length of the patterned structure is B; in the direction from the main body portion toward the edge portion, the length of the first resistance control path is C, and the length of the second resistance control path is D; A, B, C, and D satisfy: A+B≥50%×(A+B+C+D).

[0257] According to an embodiment of this application, the electrochromic device further includes: a first substrate disposed on the side of the first conductive layer away from the electrochromic layer; a positive electrode and a negative electrode, at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode comprising: a first portion, the first portion respectively contacting the first conductive layer and the first substrate and disposed along the thickness direction of the first substrate; a second portion, the second portion intersecting the first portion and extending in a direction away from the first conductive layer; and a third portion, the third portion intersecting the first portion and extending in a direction away from the second portion, the third portion contacting the first substrate.

[0258] According to an embodiment of this application, the first included angle between the first part and the second part is 10° to 135°; and / or, the second included angle between the first part and the third part is 70° to 95°.

[0259] According to an embodiment of this application, the first included angle between the first part and the second part is 50° to 90°; and / or, the second included angle between the first part and the third part is 80° to 90°.

[0260] According to an embodiment of this application, in the direction of the first conductive layer toward the second conductive layer, the length of the first portion is 50% to 100% of the thickness of the first substrate; and / or, an adhesive layer is provided on the side of the first portion and the third portion toward the first conductive layer.

[0261] According to an embodiment of this application, in the direction from the first conductive layer to the second conductive layer, the length of the first portion is 0.1 mm to 3 mm; and / or, in the direction from the main body portion to the edge portion, the length of the second portion is 0.1 mm to 3 mm; and / or, in the direction from the main body portion to the edge portion, the length of the third portion is 10 mm to 20 mm.

[0262] According to embodiments of this application, at least one of the first part, the second part, and the third part has a plurality of second through holes distributed thereon.

[0263] According to an embodiment of this application, the aperture of the second through hole is 30 mesh to 100 mesh.

[0264] According to an embodiment of this application, a gap region is included between the main body and the edge portion, and the electrochromic device further includes: a first package and a second package, the first package and the second package being respectively connected to both ends of the electrochromic layer; the orthographic projection of the gap region toward the electrochromic layer coincides with one of the first package and the second package, and the orthographic projection of the edge portion toward the electrochromic layer does not completely coincide with one of the first package and the second package; the orthographic projection of the patterned structure toward the electrochromic layer coincides with the other of the first package and the second package.

[0265] According to embodiments of this application, at least one of the following conditions is met: one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is a reflective conductive layer, and the other is a transparent conductive layer; the electrochromic layer includes: an anodic color-changing material, a cathodic color-changing material, an electrolyte, and a solvent; the first conductive coating and the second conductive coating include conductive metals.

[0266] According to an embodiment of this application, the electrochromic device further includes: a second substrate, the second substrate being disposed on the side of the second conductive layer away from the electrochromic layer.

[0267] The electrochromic device of aspect ten of this application will now be described in detail.

[0268] Figure 7A schematic diagram of the electrochromic device structure of this application is shown. The electrochromic device 10 includes a first conductive layer 100, an electrochromic layer 200P, and a second conductive layer 300P stacked together; an insulating structure 400P; a first conductive coating 500P; and a second conductive coating 600P. The following will be combined with... Figure 7 This application details the advantages of its electrochromic device structural design.

[0269] According to embodiments of this application, one of the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200P is a transparent conductive layer, and the other is a reflective conductive layer. The transparent conductive layer combines transparency and conductivity, allowing light to pass through while simultaneously providing the necessary conductivity to drive color changes. This is observed from the transparent conductive layer side when the electrochromic device is in use. The reflective conductive layer is a conductive layer with light-reflecting properties. When the electrochromic material changes color under the influence of an electric field, the reflective layer can reflect more light, making the color change more pronounced. Figure 7 The illustration shows a scenario where the first conductive layer 100 is a reflective conductive layer and the second conductive layer 200P is a transparent conductive layer. This allows for a wider field of view, reduces shading by the electrode plates, and provides a better user experience. In some embodiments, the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200P may respectively comprise ITO, silver alloy, aluminum alloy, chromium metal, copper metal, gold, and mixtures containing one or more of the above substances, or thin film structures superimposed on each other.

[0270] According to an embodiment of this application, the first conductive layer 100 or the second conductive layer 200P includes: a main body portion 110 and an edge portion 120, wherein the main body portion 110 and the edge portion 120 are spaced apart.

[0271] The insulating structure 400P is disposed on the side of the first conductive layer 100 or the second conductive layer 300P facing the electrochromic layer 200P. The insulating structure 400P and the edge portion 120 are respectively disposed on both sides of the electrochromic layer 200P and are not located on the same conductive layer.

[0272] The first conductive coating 500P is connected to one of the conductive layers of the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300P, and is connected to the other conductive layer of the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300P through the insulating structure 400P.

[0273] The second conductive coating 600P is connected to a conductive layer in the first conductive layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300P that does not contain the edge portion 120, as well as the edge portion 120.

[0274] by Figure 7For example, in the processing of electrochromic devices, all conductive material at the edge is usually removed from the cutting point a towards the edge to avoid short circuits. The electrochromic device of this application does not completely remove the conductive material at the edge of the first conductive layer, but retains a portion, called the "edge portion." That is, a main body portion and an edge portion are formed spaced apart on the first conductive layer. Simultaneously, an insulating structure is provided on the side of the first / second conductive layer facing the electrochromic layer, and it is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the electrochromic layer with the edge portion to prevent short circuits. Therefore, on the one hand, because the main body portion and the edge portion are spaced apart, the connection between the electrode sheet and the conductive layer is blocked, effectively preventing short circuits in the electrochromic device. On the other hand, the main circuit of the device is negative electrode sheet - first conductive layer - electrochromic layer - second conductive layer - positive electrode sheet, with the first conductive coating and the second conductive layer connected in parallel. Since the edge portion is retained on the first conductive layer, the edge portion is connected in parallel with the first conductive coating and the second conductive layer respectively (e.g., Figure 8 As shown in the diagram, this reduces the internal resistance of the circuit. Furthermore, the parallel connection of the edge portion and the second conductive coating increases the effective working area of ​​the second conductive coating, resulting in better current divergence and further reducing the internal resistance of the device, effectively improving the color uniformity and fading rate. Moreover, the amount of the second conductive coating can be reduced to achieve the same internal resistance, saving production costs. For ease of understanding, the area between the main body and the edge portion is called the "spacer region," meaning that the spacer region is included between the main body and the edge portion.

[0275] It should be noted that the spaced-apart main body and edge portion can be located on either the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer, preferably on a conductive layer with lower resistance. For example, the main body and edge portion are formed on the first conductive layer. The insulating structure can be located on either the side of the first conductive layer facing the electrochromic layer or the side of the second conductive layer facing the electrochromic layer. The insulating structure and the edge portion are located on opposite sides of the electrochromic layer and not on the same conductive layer to prevent short circuits. For example, if the edge portion is located on the second conductive layer, the negative electrode, the first conductive coating, the first conductive layer, the second conductive coating, and the positive electrode are electrically connected. "Both sides of the electrochromic layer" includes the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides of the electrochromic layer. For example, the insulating structure is located on the left side of the second conductive layer and the edge portion is located on the right side of the first conductive layer; or, the insulating structure is located on the left side of the first conductive layer and the edge portion is located on the right side of the second conductive layer; or, the edge portion is located on the left side of the second conductive layer and the insulating structure is located on the right side of the first conductive layer; or, the edge portion is located on the left side of the first conductive layer and the insulating structure is located on the right side of the second conductive layer.

[0276] According to an embodiment of this application, in the direction from the main body portion 110 to the edge portion 120, and in the direction from the main body portion to the edge portion, at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:

[0277] The width of the edge portion 120 is 0.05mm to 2.7mm, for example, it can be 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 2.7mm, etc., preferably 0.1mm to 2mm;

[0278] The shortest distance between the main body portion 110 and the edge portion 120 (i.e., the width of the interval 170) is 0.3mm to 2.9mm, for example, it can be 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 2.9mm, etc., preferably 1mm to 2.9mm;

[0279] The width of the edge portion 110 is M, the shortest distance between the main body portion 110 and the edge portion 120 is N, and the sum of M and N (i.e. the sum of the widths of the edge portion 110 and the spacing area 170) is 0.35mm to 3mm, for example, it can be 0.35mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, etc., preferably 2.5mm to 3mm.

[0280] Increasing the width of the edge portion can reduce internal resistance, shorten fading time, and improve color uniformity. However, increasing the edge portion can easily reduce the width of the interlayer, making it difficult for the light source to penetrate through the interlayer and reach the sealant, thus hindering the sealant's curing. When the edge portion and the main body portion meet the above conditions, the space reserved in the main body portion within the first / second conductive layer is appropriate, resulting in high space utilization and efficiency of the electrochromic reaction. The edge portion is connected in parallel with the conductive coating and conductive layer, producing an appropriate reduction in circuit resistance. This can effectively improve the uniformity of the electric field, color uniformity, and fading rate, reduce short circuits caused by excessively low resistance, and reduce the excessively long UV curing time of the sealant due to an excessively narrow interlayer.

[0281] According to embodiments of this application, the resistance of the electrochromic device 10 is 30Ω to 150Ω, for example, it can be 30Ω, 50Ω, 70Ω, 90Ω, 100Ω, 120Ω, 140Ω, 150Ω, etc. Therefore, the electrochromic device with the aforementioned low resistance has better electric field uniformity, color change uniformity, and fading rate.

[0282] According to embodiments of this application, the first conductive coating 500P and the second conductive coating 600P comprise conductive metals, such as at least one of conductive silver paste, conductive aluminum paste, and conductive copper paste. Exemplarily, the first and second conductive coatings comprise conductive silver paste, thereby exhibiting high conductivity and stability.

[0283] According to an embodiment of this application, see Figure 9 and Figure 10 (A) The main body 110 includes a central portion 111 and a patterned structure 112 located on the side of the central portion 111 away from the edge portion 120. The patterned structure 112 is electrically connected to the central portion 111. The patterned structure 112 includes a plurality of spaced first through holes M.

[0284] by Figures 7-10 For example, a patterned structure is formed by removing a portion of the conductive material from the cutting point b towards the edge. The conductive layers on both sides and the bottom of the first through-hole are electrically connected to the first conductive coating. The first through-hole can be completely filled with sealant, or partially filled with sealant, with the remaining portion filled with the first conductive coating. The first through-hole can improve the light transmittance of the device, allowing the light source to enter the sealant near it through the patterned structure's first through-hole, causing optical curing and improving the sealant's adhesion performance.

[0285] Furthermore, the patterned structure is connected in parallel with the first conductive coating and the first / second conductive layer, reducing the internal resistance of the entire circuit. Moreover, the parallel connection of the patterned structure and the first conductive coating increases the effective working area of ​​the first conductive coating, resulting in better current line divergence and further reducing the internal resistance of the device. Additionally, to achieve the same internal resistance, the amount of the first conductive coating can be reduced, saving production costs.

[0286] Furthermore, during the assembly of each component layer, adhesive dispensing is performed, which can easily lead to adhesive overflow. This overflow can prevent the conductive coating from making electrical connections with the conductive layer, resulting in poor contact, uneven discoloration, and other issues. Compared to... Figure 10 As shown in (B), the area between the lower edge of the through-hole structure and the lower edge of the patterned structure increases the contact area between the conductive coating and the conductive layer. Therefore, even if adhesive overflow occurs, the area where the conductive coating connects to the conductive layer will be relatively larger, so as to obtain a higher dispensing yield.

[0287] According to embodiments of this application, the patterned structure satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0288] The diameter of the first through hole is 0.3mm to 2.9mm, for example, it can be 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 2.9mm, etc., preferably 1mm to 2.9mm;

[0289] The shortest distance between the edge of the first through hole and the side of the patterned structure away from the center is 0.05mm to 2.7mm, for example, it can be 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 2.7mm, etc., preferably 0.1mm to 2mm;

[0290] The diameter of the first through hole is P, and the shortest distance from the edge of the first through hole to the side of the patterned structure away from the center is Q. The sum of P and Q is 0.35mm to 3mm, for example, it can be 0.35mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, etc., preferably 2.5mm to 3mm.

[0291] Therefore, the resistance of the patterned structure can be made appropriate to maintain good conductivity, shorten the color change time and improve the color change uniformity; it can also allow light to enter through the first through hole, making the photocurable sealant near the first through hole easier to be photocured, further improving the adhesive performance of the sealant.

[0292] It should be noted that the shape of the first through hole is not strictly limited and can be square, round, oval, triangular, trapezoidal or other polygonal. The specific shape can be flexibly selected according to the actual situation.

[0293] According to an embodiment of this application, the first conductive layer 100 or the second conductive layer 300P containing the edge portion 120 further includes:

[0294] A first resistance control path 130, one end of which is electrically connected to one end of the edge portion 120, and the other end of which is electrically connected to one end of the patterned structure 112.

[0295] The second resistance control path 140 has one end electrically connected to the other end of the edge portion 120 and the other end electrically connected to the other end of the patterned structure 112.

[0296] The resistance of the edge portion and the patterned structure are each independently 4Ω to 30Ω, for example, 4Ω, 6Ω, 8Ω, 10Ω, 15Ω, 20Ω, 25Ω, 30Ω, etc., preferably 4Ω to 10Ω;

[0297] The parallel resistance of the first resistance control path and the second resistance control path are each independently 30Ω to 1000Ω, for example, 30Ω, 50Ω, 80Ω, 100Ω, 200Ω, 400Ω, 500Ω, 600Ω, 800Ω, 1000Ω, etc., preferably 45Ω to 200Ω.

[0298] like Figure 11 As shown, the edge portion is connected in parallel with the first resistance control path, and the patterned structure is connected in parallel with the second resistance control path. When the resistances of the first and second resistance control paths, the edge portion, and the patterned structure meet the above conditions, a severe short circuit will not occur when the device is powered on because the resistance of the first / second resistance control path is greater than the resistance of the edge portion and the patterned structure. The main circuit operates normally, exhibiting its color-changing performance with excellent color uniformity. After the device is powered off, some current flows through the first and second resistance control paths, which have appropriate resistances, effectively adding a discharge circuit. This accelerates the balancing of residual charges, allowing the color-changing material in the device to recover to its initial state more quickly, thus increasing the fading rate of the device.

[0299] In this application, the "resistance regulation path" can be used interchangeably with the "micro-short circuit path".

[0300] It should be noted that, in this application, the first and second resistance control paths can be directly formed on the conductive material of the first / second conductive layer. The specific circuit shape is not strictly limited and can be flexibly selected according to the required resistance value. Figure 12 The diagram illustrates first / second resistance control paths with different textures; alternatively, external resistors can be connected to the first / second conductive layer to form these paths. Exemplary methods for setting the resistors include coating with a high-resistivity conductive material, attaching a thin metal conductive film, plating, connecting resistors to the back of the substrate, soldering fixed resistors between power supply wires, and connecting fixed resistors in series in the control board. Furthermore, this application also allows for adjustment of circuit resistance by changing the insulation resistance of the insulating ink, the insulation resistance of the sealing adhesive, and the resistance of the gap ball.

[0301] According to an embodiment of this application, the resistance difference between the first resistance control path 130 and the second resistance control path 140 is no greater than 20% of either the resistance value of the first resistance control path 130 or the resistance value of the second resistance control path 140. This avoids the phenomenon of uneven color change caused by an excessively large resistance difference between the first and second resistance control paths, which would result in current preferentially flowing through the end with the lower resistance after the device is powered on.

[0302] According to embodiments of this application, the resistances of the first resistance control path 130 and the second resistance control path 140 are each independently 30Ω to 1000Ω, for example, 30Ω, 50Ω, 80Ω, 100Ω, 200Ω, 400Ω, 500Ω, 600Ω, 800Ω, 1000Ω, etc., preferably 90Ω to 400Ω. This further accelerates the balancing of residual charge, allowing the color-changing material in the device to recover to its initial state more quickly, thereby further improving the fading rate of the device.

[0303] According to an embodiment of this application, in a direction perpendicular to the main body portion 110 toward the edge portion 120, the length of the edge portion 120 is A, and the length of the patterned structure 112 is B;

[0304] In the direction from the main body 110 toward the edge 120, the length of the first resistance control path 130 is C, and the length of the second resistance control path 140 is D;

[0305] A, B, C, and D satisfy: A+B≥50%×(A+B+C+D), with the preferred condition being: A+B≥80%×(A+B+C+D).

[0306] Therefore, the edge portion, patterned structure, first resistance control path, and second resistance control path satisfying the above conditions are beneficial to further improving the electric field uniformity, color-changing uniformity, and fading rate of the device. This is because a certain voltage drop occurs when current passes through the conductive layer from the electrode, and the voltage drop is more significant away from the electrode, making it difficult to drive the color-changing material. Since the conductive coating covers the edge portion, patterned structure, first resistance control path, and second resistance control path, when the edge portion and patterned structure satisfy the above conditions, the coverage length of the conductive coating can be increased, the overall resistance reduced, the voltage drop away from the electrode decreased, and the color-changing uniformity improved.

[0307] According to an embodiment of this application, see Figure 13 The electrochromic device 10 further includes:

[0308] A first substrate 700 is disposed on the side of the first conductive layer 100 away from the electrochromic layer 200P;

[0309] Positive electrode 800A and negative electrode 800B, wherein at least one of the positive electrode 800A and negative electrode 800B includes;

[0310] The first part 810 is in contact with the first conductive layer 100 and the first substrate 700 respectively and is disposed along the thickness direction of the first substrate 700.

[0311] The second part 820 intersects with the first part 810 and extends in a direction away from the first conductive layer 100;

[0312] The third part 830 intersects with the first part 810 and extends in a direction away from the second part 820, and the third part 830 contacts the first substrate 700.

[0313] The first part of the electrode sheet contacts the first conductive layer to provide conductivity. If the second part extends towards the first conductive layer, it needs to be inserted into the gap between the two conductive layers. While this improves the structural strength of the circuit connection, it can easily lead to dispensing abnormalities and uneven device thickness during production, resulting in decreased display uniformity and issues such as scratches on the conductive layer and excess sealant. Therefore, designing the electrode sheet in a Z-shape (e.g., Z-shaped, Z-shaped, or inverted J-shaped) helps it adhere to the first substrate, thus stabilizing the structure. The second part extends away from the first conductive layer and does not need to be inserted into the gap between the two conductive layers; it can be fixed with adhesive, improving dispensing yield, resulting in more uniform device thickness, improved display uniformity and production efficiency, and avoiding problems such as abnormal device thickness, excess sealant, and scratches on the conductive layer caused by electrode sheet warping, improper bonding, and dispensing.

[0314] In some embodiments, the electrode sheet is made of copper alloy, aluminum, iron, silver or other metals, preferably copper plated with silver.

[0315] According to embodiments of this application, a plurality of second through holes N are distributed on the first part 810 and / or the second part 820. This facilitates the penetration of the first / second conductive coating through the second through holes, improving the adhesion strength of the electrode sheet and ensuring its stable adhesion to the first substrate.

[0316] According to embodiments of this application, the first included angle c between the first part 810 and the second part 820 is 10° to 135°, for example, it can be 10°, 30°, 50°, 80°, 100°, 120°, 135°, etc., preferably 50° to 95°. This facilitates a tight fit between the first and second parts and the first substrate, ensuring good electrical connection and structural stability.

[0317] According to an embodiment of this application, the second included angle d between the first part 810 and the third part 830 is 70° to 95°, for example, it can be 70°, 75°, 80°, 85°, 90°, 95°, etc., preferably 80° to 90°. This facilitates a tight fit between the electrode sheet and the substrate surface, reducing the phenomenon of warping and detachment caused by metal deformation and springback after heating.

[0318] According to an embodiment of this application, in the direction from the first conductive layer 100 toward the second conductive layer 300P, the length of the first portion 810 is 50% to 100% of the thickness of the first substrate 700, for example, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, etc., preferably 70% to 100%; in the direction from the main body portion 110 toward the edge portion 120, the length of the first portion 810 is 0.1mm to 3mm, for example, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, etc.; the length of the second portion 820 is 0.1mm to 3mm, for example, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, etc.; the length of the third portion 830 is 10mm to 20mm, for example, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, etc. This helps the electrode sheet to be stably attached and fixed to the first substrate, allowing it to be electrically connected to the first conductive layer, thereby achieving good conductivity. Furthermore, since the conductive coating comes into contact with the first and second parts, and the lengths of the first and second parts meet the aforementioned conditions, the contact area with the conductive coating is increased, further enhancing the conductivity.

[0319] According to embodiments of this application, the thicknesses of the positive electrode 800A and the negative electrode 800B are each independently 30μm to 200μm, for example, 30μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 150μm, 200μm, etc. Therefore, the electrode sheets exhibit superior conductivity and mechanical strength.

[0320] According to embodiments of this application, the hardness of the positive electrode 800A and the negative electrode 800B is independently 60HV to 150HV, for example, 60HV, 80HV, 100HV, 120HV, 150HV, etc. Therefore, the electrode sheets have better mechanical strength, which helps to improve the durability and reliability of the device during long-term use.

[0321] According to an embodiment of this application, see Figure 13 As shown in (B), adhesive layers are provided on the side of the first part 810 and the third part 830 facing the first conductive layer 100. These adhesive layers are referred to as the first adhesive layer 810A and the third adhesive layer 830A, respectively. This facilitates stable fixing of the electrode sheet, improves its tensile strength and environmental reliability, and eliminates the need to insert the electrode sheet into the gap between the two conductive layers, avoiding problems such as uneven device thickness and scratches on the conductive layer. The side of the second part 810 facing the first conductive layer 100 can be referred to as the second back side 820A. A conductive coating can cover the second part and be bonded to the conductive layer or insulating layer through the second through-hole, increasing the contact area of ​​the conductive coating and improving conductivity.

[0322] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer includes an adhesive, which includes at least one of high-temperature resistant double-sided tape, acrylic adhesive, rubber adhesive, silicone, high-temperature resistant pressure-sensitive adhesive, and epoxy resin. Since the electrode sheet generates temperatures above 300°C when welding wires, high-temperature resistant pressure-sensitive adhesive, high-temperature resistant double-sided tape, or epoxy resin, which are easy to apply, are preferred.

[0323] In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive is 5 μm to 100 μm, preferably 30 μm to 70 μm.

[0324] In some embodiments, the area covered by the adhesive is 50% to 100% of the area of ​​the plane, preferably 60% to 90%.

[0325] According to embodiments of this application, the aperture of the second through-hole N is 30 mesh to 100 mesh, for example, it can be 30 mesh, 50 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh, etc. This allows the electrode sheet to have better conductivity and also improves the adhesion strength between the electrode sheet and the first substrate and the first / second conductive layer.

[0326] It should be noted that this application does not strictly limit the shape of the second through hole, which may include, but is not limited to, regular or irregular shapes. This structure can be achieved by drilling, stamping, laser engraving, printing, rolling, etc.

[0327] According to an embodiment of this application, the electrochromic device 10 further includes: a first package 150 and a second package 160, wherein the first package 150 and the second package 160 are respectively connected to both ends of the electrochromic layer 200P.

[0328] The orthographic projection of the spacer region toward the electrochromic layer 200P coincides with one of the first package 150 and the second package 160, and the orthographic projection of the edge portion 120 toward the electrochromic layer 200P does not completely coincide with one of the first package 150 and the second package 160.

[0329] The orthographic projection of the patterned structure 112 toward the electrochromic layer 200P coincides with another of the first package 150 and the second package 160.

[0330] The sealant can firmly bond the double conductive layer and the electrochromic layer together, improving the overall structural stability of the device. The spacing region and the first through-hole of the patterned structure can improve the light transmittance of the device, allowing the light source to enter the sealant near it through the spacing region and the first through-hole of the patterned structure, causing it to undergo optical curing.

[0331] According to an embodiment of this application, the electrochromic layer 200P includes: an anodic color-changing material, a cathodic color-changing material, an electrolyte, and a solvent.

[0332] According to an embodiment of this application, the electrochromic device 10 further includes: a second substrate 900, the second substrate 900 being disposed on the side of the second conductive layer 300P away from the electrochromic layer 200P.

[0333] For example, the first substrate 700 and the second substrate 900 of this application are each independently soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass.

[0334] The eleventh aspect of this application discloses a method for preparing the electrochromic device described in the tenth aspect of this application. According to an embodiment of this application, the method includes: removing a portion of conductive material from an initial conductive layer to form a main body portion and an edge portion spaced apart on the initial conductive layer, obtaining one of a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer; forming the insulating structure on the other side of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer facing the main body portion; assembling the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer including the main body portion and the edge portion and the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer having the insulating structure to obtain a pre-assembled component, the pre-assembled component having a cavity; injecting electrochromic slurry into the cavity and sealing it to form an electrochromic layer.

[0335] According to embodiments of this application, the removal method includes at least one of electron beam bombardment, chemical etching, masking, coating, polishing, and laser cutting.

[0336] According to an embodiment of this application, after sealing, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively adhered to the side of the first substrate away from the first conductive layer and the side in the thickness direction, and the first conductive coating and the second conductive coating are coated to obtain the electrochromic device.

[0337] The method for preparing the electrochromic device described in aspect ten will now be described in detail.

[0338] See Figure 14 The method includes:

[0339] S100 forms the main body, edge parts, and insulation structure.

[0340] In this step, a portion of the conductive material is removed from the initial conductive layer to form the main body portion and the edge portion on the initial conductive layer, resulting in one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer; the insulating structure is formed on the other side of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer facing the main body portion. For example, when the first conductive layer includes the main body portion and the edge portion, an insulating structure is formed on the second conductive layer; or, when the second conductive layer includes the main body portion and the edge portion, an insulating structure is formed on the first conductive layer.

[0341] According to embodiments of this application, the removal method includes at least one of electron beam bombardment, chemical etching, masking, coating, polishing, and laser cutting, preferably electron beam bombardment or laser cutting.

[0342] S200 assembly

[0343] In this step, the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer, including the main body and the edge portion, and the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer with the insulating structure are assembled to obtain a pre-assembled part, which has a cavity. By assembling the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and leaving a cavity, it is convenient to inject electrochromic slurry subsequently.

[0344] S300 infusion of electrochromic slurry, sealing

[0345] In this step, electrochromic slurry is injected into the cavity and then sealed.

[0346] According to an embodiment of this application, after sealing, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively adhered to the back and side of the first substrate, and the first conductive coating and the second conductive coating are coated to obtain the electrochromic device.

[0347] The method for preparing the positive / negative electrode sheet of this application includes: processing the positive / negative electrode sheet into a planar shape by means of stamping, cutting, laser engraving, wire cutting, etc., then bending it with a bending device, and finally printing adhesive for fixing on the bonding surface a and the bonding surface b.

[0348] The twelfth aspect of this application discloses an electronic device. According to an embodiment of this application, the electronic device includes the electrochromic device described in the eleventh aspect of this application. Therefore, the electronic device of this application exhibits good color-changing uniformity, fast fading rate, and strong performance stability.

[0349] According to embodiments of this application, the electronic device includes a display, an anti-glare rearview mirror, a dimming awning, a dimming glass window, dimming photochromic glasses, electronic paper, etc.

[0350] It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the electrochromic device in aspect ten also apply to the method for preparing the electrochromic device and electronic device, and will not be repeated here.

[0351] The following will explain the solution of this application with reference to embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0352] Example 1

[0353] 1. The ITO-plated anode glass and the Ag-plated cathode glass were washed with water, and then plasma-cleaned using a plasma cleaner containing potassium hydroxide with a pH of 10. After cleaning, the conductivity dyne value of the cathode glass was 34, and the conductivity dyne value of the anode glass was 38.

[0354] 2. Apply the adhesive (9 parts bisphenol A epoxy resin, 10 parts bisphenol F epoxy resin, 30 parts fumed silica, 1 part 4,4'-bis(hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)phenyl diglycidyl ether, 38 parts resorcinol diglycidyl ether, 5 parts trioctyl trimellitate, 27.5 parts talc, 0.1 parts plastic balls with a diameter of 100 μm, 5 parts γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 1.5 parts diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate and 3 parts 4-chlorobenzophenone, viscosity 60000 mpa·s, thixotropic index 3, curing shrinkage rate 1%) evenly to the plasma-treated cathode glass to form an adhesive layer with a width of 2 mm and a thickness of 100 μm, and leave a filling port. The cathode glass was flipped so that the adhesive layer was facing down, and the ITO film on the anode glass was smoothly adhered to the Ag film on the cathode glass. Curing was performed using an LED lamp with a total curing energy of 7000 mJ / cm². 2 Then heat at 120℃ for 2 hours to form a sealing adhesive.

[0355] 3. After filling the inlet with electrochromic electrolyte (containing 50 mmol / L of anodic chromic material 5,10-dimethylphenazine, 50 mmol / L of cathodic chromic material 1,1'-dihexyl-4,4'-bipyridine tetrafluoroborate, 50 mmol / L of electrolyte lithium tetrafluoroborate, and 5% wt polymethyl methacrylate dissolved in propylene carbonate), seal with UV sealing adhesive. Connect an electrode to the long side of both the anode and cathode glass, and electrically connect them to ITO and Ag respectively using conductive silver paste, covering 90% of the long side, to obtain the electrochromic device (25 cm long, 6.5 mm wide).

[0356] The differences between Examples 2-21 and Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1 are shown in Table 1. In these examples, the viscosity and thixotropic index of the adhesive were adjusted by changing the amount of fumed silica added; the curing energy of the adhesive was adjusted by changing the amount of initiators diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate and 4-chlorobenzophenone; and the pH value of the cleaning agent was adjusted by changing the amount of potassium hydroxide added, thereby adjusting the dyne value of the conductive layer. The testing methods for the thixotropic index, curing energy, and dyne value are as follows:

[0357] Thixotropic index: Tested using a thixotropic index meter.

[0358] Dyne value: Tested using a dyne pen.

[0359] Curing energy: Tested using a UV energy meter and calculated based on power and time.

[0360] Test case

[0361] 1. Disassemble the devices without electrochromic electrolyte prepared in step 2 of Examples 1-21 and Comparative Examples 1-2 respectively, observe the sealing adhesive structure on the surface of the cathode glass and anode glass, and measure the X value and Y value with a metallographic microscope respectively. X is the extension length of the casting part connected to the anode glass, and Y is the extension length of the casting part connected to the cathode glass.

[0362] 2. The electrochromic devices of Examples 1-21 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested for color variation, color uniformity, and time to return to the initial state after power failure. The specific test methods are as follows:

[0363] (1) Connect the electrochromic device to 1.2V DC power and power it on continuously for 30 seconds, 1 hour, 3 hours and 8 hours. After powering off, use a micrometer to measure the width A of the color residue strip on the edge of the sealing glue after powering off. A < 0.1cm indicates no discoloration; 0.1cm ≤ A < 0.5cm indicates slight discoloration; 0.5cm ≤ A < 1cm indicates obvious discoloration; A ≥ 1cm indicates severe discoloration.

[0364] (2) The time it takes for the color to return to its initial state after the power is turned off after 1 hour of power-on.

[0365] All test results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the absolute value of the difference between X and Y was too high, causing severe discoloration of the electrochromic devices after 1 hour of power-off. The electrochromic devices in Examples 1-21 did not exhibit severe discoloration after 1 hour of power-off and could quickly return to their initial state.

[0366]

[0367]

[0368] Example 22

[0369] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is shown below:

[0370] 0.5 mol of sodium propylene sulfonate (CAS No. 2495-39-8) and 0.5 mol of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were placed in a reaction vessel, 200 mL of acetonitrile was added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 2 h. The reaction product was filtered, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure at 40 °C to remove the acetonitrile. After sealing and cooling, the mixture was crystallized to obtain the hexadecyltrimethylammonium propylene sulfonate monomer.

[0371] Methyl methacrylate, hexadecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate ammonium, and methyl propylene sulfonate were added to a reaction vessel in a molar ratio of 1:0.01:0.001. Then, 1000 mL of dehydrated propylene carbonate (CAS No. 108-32-7) was added. After complete dissolution, 0.001 mol of azobisisobutyronitrile (CAS No. 78-67-1) was added as a free radical polymerization initiator. The mixture was heated to 80 °C and stirred for 12 h.

[0372] After cooling to room temperature, anhydrous ethanol was added to the reaction product to precipitate a solid product. Unreacted monomers, residual initiators, and reaction solvents were then washed with acetonitrile. The precipitated polyelectrolyte solid was dried under reduced pressure in a vacuum drying oven at 70°C for 24 hours.

[0373] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1060 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1245cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1720cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0374] The structural formula of ammonium hexadecyltrimethylpropenesulfonate is:

[0375]

[0376] The structural formula of methyl propylene sulfonate is:

[0377]

[0378] Example 23

[0379] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that the molar ratio of methyl methacrylate, ammonium hexadecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate and methyl propylene sulfonate is 1:0.001:0.001.

[0380] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1058 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1246cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1723cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0381] Example 24

[0382] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that the molar ratio of methyl methacrylate, ammonium hexadecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate and methyl propylene sulfonate is 1:0.05:0.001.

[0383] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1051 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1249cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1731cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0384] Example 25

[0385] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that the molar ratio of methyl methacrylate, ammonium hexadecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate and methyl propylene sulfonate is 1:0.1:0.001.

[0386] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1056 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1243cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1726cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0387] Example 26

[0388] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that the molar ratio of methyl methacrylate, ammonium hexadecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate and methyl propylene sulfonate is 1:0.5:0.001.

[0389] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1058 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1245cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1720cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0390] Example 27

[0391] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that the molar ratio of methyl methacrylate, ammonium hexadecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate and methyl propylene sulfonate is 1:0.01:0.01.

[0392] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1056 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1242cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1730cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0393] Example 28

[0394] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that the amount of azobisisobutyronitrile added is replaced with 0.005 mol.

[0395] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1058 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1246cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1723cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0396] Example 29

[0397] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that the amount of azobisisobutyronitrile added is replaced with 0.01 mol.

[0398] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1058 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1243cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1725cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0399] Example 30

[0400] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that the amount of azobisisobutyronitrile added is replaced with 0.01 mol, and the polymerization reaction temperature is 100℃.

[0401] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1056 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1242cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1726cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0402] Example 31

[0403] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is shown in Example 22, except that the polymerization temperature is 120°C.

[0404] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1058 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1243cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1724cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0405] Example 32

[0406] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that the polymerization temperature is 120°C and the reaction time is 18h.

[0407] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1062 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1248cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1720cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0408] Example 33

[0409] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, prepared as shown in Example 22, except that hexadecyltrimethylpropenesulfonate ammonium is replaced with hexadecyltrimethylmethylpropenesulfonate ammonium. The synthetic formula of hexadecyltrimethylmethylpropenesulfonate ammonium is shown in Formula V:

[0410]

[0411] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1051 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1240cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1723cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0412] Example 34

[0413] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, prepared as shown in Example 22, except that hexadecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate ammonium is replaced with hexadecyltrimethyl-4-styrene sulfonate ammonium. The synthetic formula of hexadecyltrimethyl-4-styrene sulfonate ammonium is shown in Formula VI:

[0414]

[0415] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1070 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1271cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1745cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0416] Example 35

[0417] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that methyl propylene sulfonate is replaced with methyl methpropylene sulfonate, and the structural formula of methyl methpropylene sulfonate is shown below:

[0418]

[0419] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1046 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1232cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1718cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0420] Example 36

[0421] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is shown in Example 22, except that methyl propylene sulfonate is replaced with methyl 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate (CAS No. 16736-97-3).

[0422] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1058 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1236cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1719cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0423] Example 37

[0424] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is shown in Example 22, except that methyl methacrylate is replaced with isobutyl methacrylate (CAS No. 97-86-9).

[0425] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1062 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1240cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1723cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0426] Example 38

[0427] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is shown in Example 22, except that methyl methacrylate is replaced with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (CAS No. 868-77-9).

[0428] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1060 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1241cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1719cm -1 (C=O double bond), 3442cm -1 (OH).

[0429] Example 39

[0430] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is shown in Example 22, except that: hexadecyltrimethylpropenesulfonate ammonium is replaced with tetraethylpropenesulfonate ammonium (CAS No. 733-44-8).

[0431] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1060 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1241cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1726cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0432] Example 40

[0433] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that: hexadecyltrimethylpropenesulfonate ammonium is replaced with triethylmethylpropenesulfonate ammonium (CAS No. 3637-26-1), and is obtained by heating methyl propenesulfonate and triethylamine under reflux at 80°C.

[0434] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1063 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1242cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1728cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0435] Example 41

[0436] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22, except that: hexadecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate ammonium is replaced with dodecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate ammonium, and the structural formula of dodecyltrimethylpropylene sulfonate ammonium is:

[0437]

[0438] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1060 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1245cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1720cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0439] Example 42

[0440] This embodiment provides a sulfonate-modified polyacrylate, and the specific preparation method is as shown in Example 22. The difference is that: hexadecyltrimethylpropenesulfonate ammonium is replaced with allyl tributylmethylphosphonate, which is obtained by heating methyl propenesulfonate and tributylphosphine under reflux at 60°C. This process needs to be carried out in a glove box or under nitrogen protection.

[0441] The synthetic formula of allyl tributylmethylphosphonic acid sulfonate is shown in Formula VII:

[0442]

[0443] Infrared spectral analysis results of polyelectrolytes: 1066 cm⁻¹ -1 (S=O double bond), 1260cm -1 (S=O double bond), 1724cm -1 (C=O double bond).

[0444] Molecular weight test:

[0445] The molecular weights of the polymers prepared in Examples 22-42, Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were determined by gel permeation chromatography, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0446] Comparative Example 3

[0447] The polymer provided in this comparative example is PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate, abbreviated as PMMA).

[0448] Comparative Example 4

[0449] The structural formulas of the polymers provided in this comparative example are shown in Table 2.

[0450] Example 43

[0451] This embodiment provides an electrochromic electrolyte, the specific preparation method of which is shown below:

[0452] Inside a glove box, the polymers prepared in Examples 22-31, 33-42, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 4 were dissolved in dehydrated and deoxygenated propylene carbonate solvent, diluted to 5 wt%, and 1,1'-dihexyl-4,4'-bipyridine tetrafluoroborate (35 mmol / L) and 5,10-dihydrodimethylphenazine (35 mmol / L, CAS No. 15546-75-5) were added to prepare an electrochromic electrolyte. The structural formula of 1,1'-dihexyl-4,4'-bipyridine tetrafluoroborate is shown below:

[0453]

[0454] Example 45

[0455] This embodiment provides an electrochromic electrolyte, the specific preparation method of which is shown in Example 43, the difference being that: the polymer prepared in Example 11 is dissolved in a dehydrated and deoxygenated propylene carbonate solvent and diluted to 2.5 wt%.

[0456] Example 46

[0457] This embodiment provides an electrochromic device, and the specific fabrication method is shown below:

[0458] The electrolytes prepared in Examples 43 and 44 were poured into electrochromic devices and sealed with UV adhesive. The electrochromic devices were 25 cm x 10 cm in size, and the sheet resistance of the transparent ITO coating was 16 Ω / cm. 2 The sheet resistance of the reflective conductive layer is 2Ω / cm 2 The edges of the electrochromic device were connected by conductive silver paste to obtain a large-size electrochromic device. The electrochromic devices obtained from the polymers prepared in Examples 22-43, Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were named 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 9#, 10#, 11#, 12#, 13#, 14#, 15#, 16#, 17#, 18#, 19#, 20#, 21#, D1#, and D2#, respectively.

[0459] Performance testing

[0460] 1. Testing methods.

[0461] (1) Connect the electrochromic device to the electrochemical workstation and test it using 1.2V DC, recording the current change. The detection results for sample 1# are as follows: Figure 6As shown, the current stabilization stage (stage one) is from 0 to 8000s, indicating that the electrophoresis phenomenon of the device is effectively suppressed and the current remains stable; the current continuously rises from 8000s to 30000s (stage two), the electrophoresis phenomenon begins to appear, the internal anode and cathode color-changing materials move to the two electrodes, the current increases, and it tends to stabilize after 30000s.

[0462] (2) The aggregation degree evaluation method in patent CN103045228A is adopted. The aggregation degree near the electrode lead is equal to the aggregation length / electrode length × 100%. The larger the aggregation degree value, the greater the migration rate of the electrochromic material in the non-uniform electric field.

[0463] 2. Test results.

[0464] Table 2 Performance test results of electrochromic devices

[0465]

[0466]

[0467] Note: In the molecular structure formula corresponding to sample 16#, "i" represents isobutyl.

[0468] The above experimental results show that after adding sulfonate-modified polyacrylate polymer electrolyte, the anti-delamination effect of the electrochromic device can last for more than 8000s, and the color-changing aggregation degree is ≤5.6% after 12h. Example 26 shows that the higher the proportion of sulfonate in the polymer, the better the anti-delamination effect. Example 31 shows that the larger the molecular weight of the polymer electrolyte, the better the anti-delamination effect. Comparative Examples 3 and 4 show that the anti-delamination effect of adding nonionic polyelectrolytes and carboxylate polyelectrolytes in large-size electrochromic devices is significantly lower than that of electrochromic devices with added sulfonate-modified polyacrylate polymer electrolyte.

[0469] The current-time curve used in the embodiments of this application can better analyze the delamination phenomenon of the device, with higher accuracy and better repeatability.

[0470] Example 47

[0471] 1. Provides ITO transparent conductive coated glass (with an insulating coating on one side) and Ag reflective conductive coated glass. The reflective conductive coated glass is cleaned, and the patterned structure, center portion, spacing region, and edge portion (e.g., ...) of this application are formed on the reflective conductive coated surface using laser engraving. Figure 7 and Figure 11(As shown). The widths of the edge portion and the spacer region are 0.12 mm and 2.88 mm, respectively, for a total width of 3 mm. The resistance of the edge portion is 9 Ω. The diameter of the first through-hole on the patterned structure is 1.8 mm, and the shortest distance from the edge of the first through-hole to the side of the patterned structure furthest from the center is 0.12 mm. The width of the edge portion and the spacer region accounts for 90% of the total width of the edge portion, the spacer region, and the first and second resistance control paths. The resistance of the patterned structure is 9 Ω. The resistances at both ends of the first and second resistance control paths are 100 Ω each, the parallel resistance is 50 Ω, the resistance difference is 0 Ω, and the resistance of the electrochromic device is 37.5 Ω.

[0472] 2. Apply adhesive (the sealant consists of: bisphenol A epoxy resin (9 parts), bisphenol F epoxy resin (10 parts), 4,4'-bis(hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)phenyl diglycidyl ether (1 part), resorcinol diglycidyl ether (38 parts), trioctyl trimellitate (5 parts), talc (27.5 parts), γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane (5 parts), diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate (1.5 parts), 4-chlorobenzophenone (3 parts), and polystyrene microspheres with a diameter of 100 μm (0.1 parts)) to the coated surface of the transparent conductive coated glass. The adhesive width is 1.8 mm, and a 2 mm filling port is reserved. After bonding to the coated surface of the reflective conductive coated glass treated in the previous step, UV curing is performed. After complete curing, 1.0 g of conductive silver paste is applied to the areas covered with the edge and patterned structure, and then heated and cured at 120℃ for 2 h. The assembled empty box components were moved into a glove box filled with nitrogen.

[0473] 3. Prepare an electrochromic solution in the glove box. The electrochromic solution contains 50 mmol / L of anodic chromic material 5,10-dimethylphenazine, 50 mmol / L of cathodic chromic material 1,1'-dihexyl-4,4'-bipyridine tetrafluoroborate, 50 mmol / L of electrolyte lithium tetrafluoroborate, and a mixture of 5% wt polymethyl methacrylate and propylene carbonate. The purity of all the above raw materials must be >98%.

[0474] 4. Inject the prepared electrochromic liquid into the filling port reserved in step 2 inside the glove box, seal the filling port with UV sealing glue, and cure with UV light.

[0475] 5. Preparation of electrode sheets

[0476] 5.1 Lay the silver-plated copper sheet flat on the laser engraving machine stage and use laser to process a mesh-like perforated structure with a through hole diameter of 0.5mm.

[0477] 5.2 The laser-engraved semi-finished product is fed into a stamping machine and stamped in one go to obtain a Z-shaped electrode sheet with a first bending angle and a second bending angle.

[0478] 5.3 The formed electrode sheet is placed in a box-type plasma cleaner and cleaned for 300 seconds in an N2 atmosphere at 80W power to remove surface organic matter and enhance surface energy. The reason for this step is to enhance the surface activity of the electrode sheet through plasma, which significantly improves the bonding strength between the electrode sheet and the conductive coating of the sealing adhesive in subsequent processes. In addition, it helps the solder to better wet the substrate when soldering circuits on the electrode sheet, thus improving conductivity.

[0479] 5.4 Place the plasma-cleaned electrode sheet in the mold, and attach high-temperature resistant double-sided tape to the bonding surfaces 810A and 830A.

[0480] The Z-shaped electrode sheet has a thickness of 50 μm and its structure is as follows: Figure 15 As shown, a1 is 20mm, a2 is 10mm, a3 is 10mm, b1 is 15mm, b2 is 1.6mm (90% of the thickness of the reflective conductive coating glass), b3 is 1mm, the first bending angle (first included angle) is 85°, and the second bending angle (second included angle) is 90°.

[0481] 6. With the outer glass side of the already bonded lens facing down, locate the position of the electrode sheet to be bonded, and firmly attach the adhesive surface 810A and adhesive surface 830A to the back and side of the glass substrate, respectively.

[0482] The differences between Examples 48-73 and Example 1 are shown in Table 3.

[0483] The difference between Example 62 and Example 47 is that the patterned structure, the first resistance control path, and the second resistance control path are not engraved.

[0484] The difference between Example 63 and Example 47 is that the micro short circuit path of ac and bd is an open circuit.

[0485] The difference between Example 64 and Example 47 is that the bd micro short circuit path is an open circuit.

[0486] The difference between Example 70 and Example 47 is that the second part extends toward the electrochromic layer, i.e., the first included angle is 270°.

[0487] The difference between Example 71 and Example 47 is that the electrode sheet does not contain mesh openings.

[0488] The difference between Example 72 and Example 47 is that the electrode sheet does not contain the third part 830.

[0489] The difference between Example 73 and Example 47 is that the electrode sheet does not contain adhesive.

[0490] Comparative Example 5

[0491] The difference from Example 47 is that in step 1, conductive material with a width of 3 mm is removed from both ends of the reflective conductive coated glass, that is, it does not contain the edge portion, the first resistance control path, the second resistance control path and the patterned structure.

[0492]

[0493]

[0494]

[0495] Test case

[0496] The performance of the electrochromic devices prepared in Examples 47-73 and Comparative Example 5 were tested respectively, and the specific methods are as follows:

[0497] like Figure 11 The resistances of points a, b, c, and d shown are measured using a multimeter at points ab (on edge A), cd (on patterned structure B), and ac and bd (micro-short-circuit channels), respectively. The parallel resistance of the first resistance control path ac and the second resistance control path bd is a theoretically calculated value. The resistance of the electrochromic device is the resistance measured by a multimeter after stabilization at both ends of the cathode and anode electrode plates.

[0498] The fading time, contrast, and color change uniformity of the device across the left, center, and right regions were tested. The UV curing time of the sealing adhesive was also tested. The specific testing methods are as follows:

[0499] Fading time: The time required for the reflectivity of 550nm wavelength light to increase from 10% to 65% after the electrochromic device is powered on, using a timer.

[0500] Contrast Ratio: The display area of ​​the electrochromic device is divided into three equal regions along its length: left, center, and right. After the device is powered on for one minute, any point in one of the three regions is randomly selected, and the reflectance at that point is measured using a reflectance meter. This process is repeated twice, with different regions selected each time, as a parallel test. The contrast ratio is calculated by subtracting the low reflectance value after the device is powered on and stabilized from the high reflectance value when the device is powered off, thus obtaining the contrast ratio variance B. B ≤ 1 indicates excellent color uniformity; B > 1 and less than 20 indicates medium color uniformity; B > 20 indicates poor color uniformity.

[0501] Curing time of the sealant: The curing time P is recorded using a timer, with the unit being min. P≤1 indicates "easy"; 1<P<5 indicates "medium"; 5≤P<8 indicates "difficult".

[0502] The results are shown in Table 4. It can be seen that, compared with Comparative Example 5, the electrochromic devices of Examples 47-73 have a faster fading speed, better color uniformity, and superior overall performance.

[0503] Table 4

[0504]

[0505]

[0506] Test case

[0507] 1. The ease of use of different electrode sheets in Examples 47 and 70-73 was tested respectively. The specific steps are as follows:

[0508] Randomly select an operator from the production line and have them install the electrode sheets for Examples 47 and 70-73 according to the work standards. Use a stopwatch to time the completion time of each group, and collect and summarize the data.

[0509] 2. The thickness of the electrochromic layer (hereinafter referred to as "cell thickness") at different electrode mounting positions in Examples 47 and 70-73 was tested respectively. The specific steps are as follows:

[0510] Use a height gauge to check the cell thickness near the electrode sheet of the device produced by the above process, and calculate the yield of 20 electrode sheets (a cell thickness of 100±10μm is acceptable).

[0511] 3. Three electrode samples were randomly selected from each of Examples 47 and 70-73 for thermal cycling durability testing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0512] The electrode was placed in an environment with a temperature range of 85℃ to -30℃, and the cycle was as follows: first, maintain the temperature at 85℃ for 30 minutes, then lower the temperature to -30℃ and maintain it for 30 minutes, repeating this cycle 300 times. The cyclic electrode was then installed to prepare the electrochromic device. The resistance of the cathode electrode and the silver paste surface at a distance of 30 mm was measured using a digital multimeter, and the average resistance of each case was statistically summarized.

[0513] The electrode sheet was subjected to a tensile destructive test. The specific steps were as follows: the lens was fixed with a fixture, one end of the anode wire was connected to a tensile gauge, and a tensile force was applied in the direction perpendicular to the lens surface until the electrode sheet fell off. The maximum tensile force when the electrode sheet fell off was recorded, and the average value of the maximum tensile force of each group was calculated and summarized.

[0514] In this test, if the resistance value is ≥1.2Ω and the tensile force is <10N, it is considered unqualified. Under these conditions, the power consumption of the device is high, there is a risk of poor contact, and it cannot meet the usage requirements.

[0515] The results are shown in Table 5. It can be seen that, compared with Examples 70-73, the electrode sheet of Example 47 has a faster installation speed, more uniform thickness, higher yield, better conductivity stability, and a more robust structure.

[0516] Table 5

[0517]

[0518] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An electrochromic device, characterized in that, include: A first conductive layer and a second conductive layer are stacked together; A sealing adhesive, wherein the sealing adhesive is located between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and surrounds the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to form a sealed cavity, and the sealed cavity includes an electrochromic material. The sealing adhesive includes: Glue body; The first casting portion is located on the side surface of the adhesive body facing the sealed cavity and is connected to the first conductive layer; The second casting portion is located on the side surface of the adhesive body facing the sealed cavity and is connected to the second conductive layer; In the direction of the adhesive body toward the sealed cavity, the extension length of the first casting portion is X, the extension length of the second casting portion is Y, and the difference between X and Y is no greater than 60 μm.

2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference between X and Y is no greater than 20 μm.

3. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The extension length of the first casting portion is 0.1 μm to 100 μm; And / or, the extension length of the second cast portion is 0.1 μm to 100 μm.

4. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The distance between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is 50 μm to 120 μm.

5. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material forming the sealing adhesive includes an adhesive liquid, which satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The viscosity of the adhesive is 10000 mPa·s to 150000 mPa·s; The thixotropic index of the adhesive is 1 to 8; The curing energy of the adhesive is 1000 mJ / cm. 2 ~10000mj / cm 2 ; The adhesive contains spacer spheres with a thickness of 50 μm to 120 μm.

6. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The material forming the sealing adhesive includes an adhesive liquid, which satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The viscosity of the adhesive is 30,000 mPa·s to 80,000 mPa·s; The thixotropic index of the adhesive is 3 to 6; The curing energy of the adhesive is 5000 mJ / cm. 2 ~100000mj / cm 2 .

7. The electrochromic device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The material of the gap ball includes at least one of glass, ceramic, calcium barate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and talc.

8. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first conductive layer is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the second conductive layer is electrically connected to the negative electrode. The dyne value of the first conductive layer is A, and the dyne value of the second conductive layer is B, wherein A and B satisfy at least one of the following conditions: AB is -30 to 30; A is 30-60; B is 30-60.

9. The electrochromic device according to claim 8, characterized in that, AB ranges from -2 to 18; Alternatively, AB can be 4 to 10.

10. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed cavity contains at least two electrochromic materials.

11. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first substrate is disposed on the side of the first conductive layer away from the second conductive layer; A second substrate is disposed on the side of the second conductive layer away from the first conductive layer.

12. A method for preparing the electrochromic device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, include: The sealing adhesive is applied between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to form a sealed cavity by surrounding the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer with the sealing adhesive. An electrolyte containing the electrochromic material is injected into the sealed cavity, and then the sealed cavity is sealed to obtain the electrochromic device.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, Applying the sealing adhesive between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer includes: The adhesive is applied to the first surface of the first conductive layer to form an adhesive layer, and a glue inlet is reserved on the adhesive layer; The first conductive layer is flipped over so that the first surface is facing down, and the second conductive layer is attached to the side of the first conductive layer where the adhesive layer is located. Then, a curing process is performed to form the sealing adhesive around the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The curing process includes room temperature curing, ultraviolet light curing, or dual ultraviolet heating curing.

15. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, Before applying the sealing adhesive between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are cleaned.

16. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The electrochromic device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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