An adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating and a preparation method and application thereof. The self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating comprises a base layer, a self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing functional layer and a surface structure layer formed on the surface of a base material in sequence; the self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing functional layer is formed by alternately stacking an elastic porous layer and a self-adaptive layer, the elastic porous layer is formed by mixing and reacting at least flexible high polymer resin, antifouling agent and porogen, the self-adaptive layer is formed by mixing and reacting at least shear thickening glue and a connecting agent, and the surface structure layer is formed by mixing and reacting at least flexible high polymer resin and antifouling agent; the shear thickening glue is formed by polycondensation of boric acid, hydroxyl silicone oil and hydroxyethyl acrylate. The self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating has the advantages of drag-reducing and noise-reducing performance, strength self-adaptability under different water flow conditions and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of marine coating protection, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating as well as a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous expansion of global trade and the increasing pressure of environmental protection, the marine transportation industry is facing unprecedented challenges. In this context, drag-reducing and noise-reducing materials as one of the key solutions, their importance is increasingly prominent. At present, the mainstream technologies include low surface energy super-hydrophobic coating (reducing fluid friction through hydrophobic surface), flexible wall drag reduction (absorbing turbulent energy by the flexibility of the material), groove drag reduction (optimizing flow based on surface texture), and super-cavitation drag reduction (reducing drag by forming a gas layer). Among them, although the flexible wall drag reduction shows significant drag reduction performance (more than 20%) in experiments, its static structure cannot dynamically adapt to flow rate changes, leading to material fatigue failure at high flow rates (such as more than 15 knots), which limits its practical application.

[0003] The study of dolphin skin provides biological inspiration for solving this limitation. The collagen fibers and elastin network on its surface can respond to water flow resistance in real time, achieving self-adaptive flexible and elastic deformation (such as contraction or expansion), thereby dynamically optimizing drag distribution. This mechanism has been proven to significantly improve efficiency in experimental models. However, existing biomimetic composite material designs focus on the flexible and elastic properties and non-smooth surface characteristics (such as simulated microstructures) of dolphin skin, ignoring the core role of dynamic self-adaptation mechanism. This leads to the material being unable to maintain stable performance in changing sea conditions. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating as well as a preparation method and application thereof to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned application purposes, the technical solutions adopted by the present application include:

[0006] The present application provides a self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating, which comprises a substrate layer, a self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing functional layer, and a surface structure layer formed in sequence on the surface of a substrate;

[0007] The self-adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing functional layer is formed by alternately stacking an elastic porous layer and a self-adaptive layer. The elastic porous layer is formed by mixing and reacting at least a flexible polymer resin, an antifouling agent, and a porogen. The self-adaptive layer is formed by mixing and reacting at least a shear thickening glue and a connecting agent. The surface structure layer is formed by mixing and reacting at least a flexible polymer resin and an antifouling agent. The shear thickening glue is formed by polycondensation of boric acid, hydroxy silicone oil, and hydroxyethyl acrylate.

[0008] This invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating, comprising:

[0009] A first base liquid containing at least adhesive resin, filler and diluent is applied to the surface of the substrate and cured at room temperature for 8h to 24h to form a base layer;

[0010] A second base liquid containing at least a flexible polymer resin, an antifouling agent, a pore-forming agent, and a solvent is applied to the surface of the substrate layer and cured at 80°C to 120°C for 1 to 3 hours to form an elastic porous layer. Then, a third base liquid containing at least a shear thickener, a binder, and a solvent is applied to the surface of the elastic porous layer and dried at room temperature for 0.5 to 2 hours to form an adaptive layer. The elastic porous layer and the adaptive layer are then alternately stacked until an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer is formed.

[0011] Furthermore, a fourth base liquid containing at least a flexible polymer resin, an antifouling agent, and a solvent is applied to the surface of the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer and cured at 80°C to 120°C for 1 to 3 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby obtaining an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating.

[0012] This invention also provides the application of the aforementioned adaptive drag-reduction and noise-reduction composite coating in drag reduction and noise reduction of ship hulls, pipelines, offshore platforms, or underwater structures.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating of the present invention has drag reduction and noise reduction performance, and by coupling the elastic porous layer and the adaptive layer, the material adaptability under different flow rates is realized; at the same time, the preparation method provided by the present invention has the advantages of wide applicability and large-area coating. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating in a typical embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] In view of the shortcomings of existing technologies, the inventors of this invention, through long-term research and extensive practice, have proposed the technical solution of this invention. This invention innovatively proposes to achieve dynamic adaptive design and fabrication of drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite materials by coupling a flexible elastic base material with an adaptive responsive new material (such as a stimulus-responsive polymer that can adjust stiffness when flow velocity changes), and combining a nanoscale antifouling coating (to prevent increased drag due to biofouling) and interfacial strong bonding technology (to ensure strong adhesion between material layers). This breakthrough is expected to promote the green transformation of the shipbuilding industry and significantly reduce ship operating costs and carbon emissions.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Specifically, as one aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating includes a base layer, an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer and a surface structure layer sequentially formed on the surface of a substrate.

[0019] The adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer is formed by alternating layers of elastic porous layer and adaptive layer. The elastic porous layer is formed by the reaction of at least flexible polymer resin, antifouling agent and pore-forming agent. The adaptive layer is formed by the reaction of at least shear thickening adhesive and binder. The surface structure layer is formed by the reaction of at least flexible polymer resin and antifouling agent. The shear thickening adhesive is formed by the dehydration polymerization of boric acid, hydroxyl silicone oil and hydroxyethyl acrylate.

[0020] In some preferred embodiments, the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer comprises two or more alternating stacked periodic layers, wherein each alternating stacked periodic layer comprises an elastic porous layer and an adaptive layer.

[0021] In some preferred embodiments, the substrate layer is in contact with an elastic porous layer in the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer.

[0022] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the substrate layer is 10~50 μm.

[0023] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the elastic porous layer is 1~100μm.

[0024] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the adaptive layer is 1~100μm.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer is 4~400μm.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the surface structure layer is 1~200μm.

[0027] In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating is 300~1000μm.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the shear thickening adhesive includes: mixing boric acid and hydroxyl silicone oil and subjecting the mixture to a crosslinking reaction at 70°C to 100°C for 1 to 3 hours, then adding hydroxyethyl acrylate and continuing the heating reaction for 6 to 8 hours to obtain the shear thickening adhesive.

[0029] Furthermore, the molar ratio of boric acid, hydroxy silicone oil and hydroxyethyl acrylate is 10~30:40~60:10~30.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the base layer is formed by mixing and reacting at least adhesive resin, filler, and diluent.

[0031] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating, comprising:

[0032] A first base liquid containing at least adhesive resin, filler and diluent is applied to the surface of the substrate and cured at room temperature for 8h to 24h to form a base layer;

[0033] A second base liquid containing at least a flexible polymer resin, an antifouling agent, a pore-forming agent, and a solvent is applied to the surface of the substrate layer and cured at 80°C to 120°C for 1 to 3 hours to form an elastic porous layer. Then, a third base liquid containing at least a shear thickener, a binder, and a solvent is applied to the surface of the elastic porous layer and dried at room temperature for 0.5 to 2 hours to form an adaptive layer. The elastic porous layer and the adaptive layer are then alternately stacked until an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer is formed.

[0034] Furthermore, a fourth base liquid containing at least a flexible polymer resin, an antifouling agent, and a solvent is applied to the surface of the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer and cured at 80°C to 120°C for 1 to 3 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby obtaining an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating.

[0035] In some preferred embodiments, the adhesive resin includes any one or more combinations of modified epoxy resin, epoxy zinc-rich primer, acrylic polyurethane varnish, amino silicone resin, and polyurethane modified epoxy resin, and is not limited thereto.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments, the filler includes any one or more combinations of bentonite, silica, glass microspheres, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and diatomaceous earth, and is not limited thereto.

[0037] In some preferred embodiments, the particle size of the filler is 0.01~50 μm.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the diluent includes any one or more combinations of toluene, xylene, ethanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether, and is not limited thereto.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments, the solvent includes, but is not limited to, any one or more combinations of anhydrous ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and diethyl ether.

[0040] In some preferred embodiments, the flexible polymer resin includes any one or more combinations of silicone resin, polyurethane, and polyurea, but is not limited thereto.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the porogen includes any one or more combinations of sodium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate, but is not limited thereto.

[0042] In some preferred embodiments, the antifouling agent includes any one or more combinations of copper pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, chitosan, titanium dioxide particles, silver nanoparticles, and capsaicin, and is not limited thereto.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, the binder comprises any one or more combinations of γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, propyltriethoxyisocyanate, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, diethylenetriaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-(isobutenoyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, and is not limited thereto.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, the first base liquid comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30-80 wt% adhesive resin, 1-10 wt% filler, and 10-69 wt% diluent.

[0045] In some preferred embodiments, the second base liquid comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30-80 wt% flexible polymer resin, 1-10 wt% antifouling agent, 1-10 wt% pore-forming agent, and 0-68 wt% solvent.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments, the third base liquid comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30-80 wt% shear thickener, 1-10 wt% binder, and 10-69 wt% solvent.

[0047] In some preferred embodiments, the fourth base liquid comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30-80 wt% flexible polymer resin, 1-10 wt% antifouling agent, and 10-69 wt% solvent.

[0048] Another aspect of the present invention provides the application of the aforementioned adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating in drag reduction and noise reduction of ship hulls, pipelines, offshore platforms or underwater structures.

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to several preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the invention, and provides detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials used in the examples below can be purchased from conventional biochemical reagent companies.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% high solids content epoxy resin, 2.5 wt.% bentonite and 2.5 wt.% silica in xylene and mix evenly to obtain the first base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the substrate and cure at room temperature for 8 hours to form the base layer;

[0053] (2) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity polyurethane resin, 5 wt.% of chitosan and 5 wt.% of ammonium carbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a second base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer;

[0054] (3) Dissolve 80 wt.% shear thickener and 5 wt.% γ-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in dimethyl sulfoxide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the third base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the above elastic porous layer and dry it at room temperature for 1 h to form an adaptive layer; the preparation method of shear thickener is as follows: stir 20 mol% boric acid and 60 mol% hydroxy silicone oil evenly and place them in an 80°C oven for crosslinking reaction. Take them out and stir evenly every 20 min. After 2 h, add 20 mol% hydroxyethyl acrylate and continue heating to react for 6~8 h. After the reaction is completed, cool the mixture to room temperature to obtain shear thickener.

[0055] (4) The second base liquid is brushed onto the surface of the adaptive layer and cured at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer.

[0056] (5) Continue to apply the above third base liquid to the surface of the elastic porous layer to form an adaptive layer.

[0057] (6) Repeat steps 4 and 5 several times as required, and control the thickness to 350 μm.

[0058] (7) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity polyurethane resin and 5 wt.% of chitosan in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the surface of the above adaptive layer and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating with a thickness of 550 μm.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% epoxy zinc-rich paint, 2.5 wt.% diatomaceous earth and 2.5 wt.% silica in toluene and mix evenly to obtain the first base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the substrate and cure at room temperature for 8 hours to form a base layer;

[0061] (2) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea, 5 wt.% of chitosan and 5 wt.% of ammonium bicarbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a second base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer;

[0062] (3) Dissolve 80 wt.% shear thickener and 5 wt.% γ-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in dimethyl sulfoxide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the third base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the above elastic porous layer and dry it at room temperature for 1 h to form an adaptive layer; the preparation method of shear thickener is as follows: stir 20 mol% boric acid and 60 mol% hydroxy silicone oil evenly and place them in an 80°C oven for crosslinking reaction. Take them out and stir evenly every 20 min. After 2 h, add 20 mol% hydroxyethyl acrylate and continue heating for 6~8 h. After the reaction is completed, cool the mixture to room temperature to obtain shear thickener.

[0063] (4) The second base liquid is brushed onto the surface of the adaptive layer and cured at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer.

[0064] (5) Continue to apply the above third base liquid to the surface of the elastic porous layer to form an adaptive layer.

[0065] (6) Repeat steps 4 and 5 above several times as required, and control the thickness to 400 micrometers.

[0066] (7) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea and 5 wt.% of chitosan in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the surface of the above adaptive layer and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating with a thickness of 600 micrometers.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% amino silicone, 2.5 wt.% bentonite and 2.5 wt.% titanium dioxide in toluene and mix evenly to obtain the first base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the substrate and cure it at room temperature for 8 hours to form a base layer;

[0069] (2) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone resin, 5 wt.% of silver nanoparticles and 5 wt.% of ammonium bicarbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a second base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer;

[0070] (3) Dissolve 80 wt.% shear thickener and 5 wt.% γ-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the third base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the above elastic porous layer and dry it at room temperature for 1 h to form an adaptive layer; the preparation method of shear thickener is as follows: stir 20 mol% boric acid and 60 mol% hydroxy silicone oil evenly and place them in an 80°C oven for crosslinking reaction. Take them out and stir evenly every 20 min. After 2 h, add 20 mol% hydroxyethyl acrylate and continue heating to react for 6~8 h. After the reaction is completed, cool the mixture to room temperature to obtain shear thickener.

[0071] (4) The second base liquid is brushed onto the surface of the adaptive layer and cured at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer.

[0072] (5) Continue to apply the above third base liquid to the surface of the elastic porous layer to form an adaptive layer.

[0073] (6) Repeat steps 4 and 5 above as required, and control the thickness to 350 micrometers.

[0074] (7) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone resin and 5 wt.% of silver nanoparticles in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating with a thickness of 550 micrometers.

[0075] Comparative Example 1 (lacking a basal layer compared to Example 2)

[0076] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea, 5 wt.% of chitosan and 5 wt.% of ammonium bicarbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a second base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the substrate surface in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer;

[0077] (2) Dissolve 80 wt.% shear thickener and 5 wt.% γ-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in dimethyl sulfoxide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the third base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the above elastic porous layer and dry it at room temperature for 1 h to form an adaptive layer; the preparation method of shear thickener is as follows: stir 20 mol% boric acid and 60 mol% hydroxy silicone oil evenly and place them in an 80°C oven for crosslinking reaction. Take them out and stir evenly every 20 min. After 2 h, add 20 mol% hydroxyethyl acrylate and continue heating for 6~8 h. After the reaction is completed, cool the mixture to room temperature to obtain shear thickener.

[0078] (3) The second base liquid is brushed onto the surface of the adaptive layer and cured at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer.

[0079] (4) Continue to apply the above third base liquid to the surface of the elastic porous layer to form an adaptive layer.

[0080] (5) Repeat steps 3 and 4 above as required, and control the thickness to 400 micrometers.

[0081] (6) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone resin and 5 wt.% of silver nanoparticles in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing a composite coating with a thickness of 550 micrometers.

[0082] Performance characterization: The prepared composite coating has poor film-substrate adhesion and is easy to peel off.

[0083] Comparative Example 2 (lacking an elastic porous layer compared to Example 2)

[0084] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% epoxy zinc-rich paint, 2.5 wt.% diatomaceous earth and 2.5 wt.% silica in toluene and mix evenly to obtain the first base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the substrate and cure at room temperature for 8 hours to form a base layer;

[0085] (2) Dissolve 80 wt.% shear thickener and 5 wt.% γ-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in dimethyl sulfoxide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the third base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the above base layer in situ and dry it at room temperature for 1 hour to form an adaptive layer;

[0086] The preparation method of the shear thickening adhesive is as follows: 20 mol% boric acid and 60 mol% hydroxy silicone oil are stirred evenly and placed in an 80°C oven for cross-linking reaction. The mixture is taken out and stirred evenly every 20 minutes. After 2 hours, 20 mol% hydroxyethyl acrylate is added and the reaction is continued to be heated for 6-8 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain the shear thickening adhesive.

[0087] (3) Repeat the above two steps as required, and control the thickness to 400 micrometers.

[0088] (4) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone resin and 5 wt.% of silver nanoparticles in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing a composite coating with a thickness of 600 micrometers.

[0089] Performance characterization: The prepared composite coating has poor mechanical properties and is prone to peeling.

[0090] Comparative Example 3 (lacking an adaptive layer compared to Example 2)

[0091] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% epoxy zinc-rich paint, 2.5 wt.% diatomaceous earth and 2.5 wt.% silica in toluene and mix evenly to obtain the first base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the substrate and cure at room temperature for 8 hours to form a base layer;

[0092] (2) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea, 5 wt.% of chitosan and 5 wt.% of ammonium bicarbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a second base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer;

[0093] (3) Repeat the above two steps as required, and control the thickness to 400 micrometers.

[0094] (4) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone resin and 5 wt.% of silver nanoparticles in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing a composite coating with a thickness of 600 micrometers.

[0095] Performance characterization: The prepared composite coating has no self-adaptive properties.

[0096] Comparative Example 4 (lacking a porogen compared to Example 2)

[0097] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% epoxy zinc-rich paint, 2.5 wt.% diatomaceous earth and 2.5 wt.% silica in toluene and mix evenly to obtain the first base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the substrate and cure at room temperature for 8 hours to form a base layer;

[0098] (2) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea and 5 wt.% of chitosan in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a second base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic layer;

[0099] (3) Dissolve 80 wt.% shear thickener and 5 wt.% γ-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in dimethyl sulfoxide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the third base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the above elastic layer in situ and dry it at room temperature for 1 h to form an adaptive layer; the preparation method of shear thickener is as follows: stir 20 mol% boric acid and 60 mol% hydroxy silicone oil evenly and place them in an 80°C oven for crosslinking reaction. Take them out and stir evenly every 20 min. After 2 h, add 20 mol% hydroxyethyl acrylate and continue heating for 6~8 h. After the reaction is completed, cool the mixture to room temperature to obtain shear thickener.

[0100] (4) Continue to brush the second base liquid onto the surface of the adaptive layer and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic layer;

[0101] (5) Continue to apply the above third base liquid to the surface of the elastic layer to form an adaptive layer.

[0102] (6) Repeat steps 4 and 5 above as required, and control the thickness to 400 micrometers.

[0103] (7) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone resin and 5 wt.% of silver nanoparticles in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing a composite coating with a thickness of 600 micrometers.

[0104] Performance characterization: The prepared composite coating has no porous structure, weak adhesion to the adaptive layer, and is prone to interlayer peeling.

[0105] Comparative Example 5 (compared to Example 2, the adaptive layer lacks a connector)

[0106] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% epoxy zinc-rich paint, 2.5 wt.% diatomaceous earth and 2.5 wt.% silica in toluene and mix evenly to obtain the first base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the substrate and cure at room temperature for 8 hours to form a base layer;

[0107] (2) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea, 5 wt.% of chitosan and 5 wt.% of ammonium bicarbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a second base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer;

[0108] (3) Dissolve 80 wt.% of shear thickening adhesive in dimethyl sulfoxide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the third base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the above elastic porous layer and dry it at room temperature for 1 h to form an adaptive layer; wherein the preparation method of shear thickening adhesive is as follows: stir 20 mol% boric acid and 60 mol% hydroxy silicone oil evenly and place them in an 80°C oven for crosslinking reaction. Take them out and stir evenly every 20 min. After 2 h, add 20 mol% hydroxyethyl acrylate and continue heating for 6~8 h. After the reaction is completed, cool the mixture to room temperature to obtain shear thickening adhesive.

[0109] (4) The second base liquid is brushed onto the surface of the adaptive layer and cured at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer.

[0110] (5) Continue to apply the above third base liquid to the surface of the elastic porous layer to form an adaptive layer.

[0111] (6) Repeat steps 4 and 5 above as required, and control the thickness to 400 micrometers.

[0112] (7) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone resin and 5 wt.% of silver nanoparticles in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing a composite coating with a thickness of 600 micrometers.

[0113] Performance characterization: The prepared composite coating has weak adhesion between the elastic porous layer and the adaptive layer, and is prone to interlayer peeling.

[0114] Comparative Example 6 (Compared with Example 2, the shear thickener in the adaptive layer is replaced with a common thickener)

[0115] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% epoxy zinc-rich paint, 2.5 wt.% diatomaceous earth and 2.5 wt.% silica in toluene and mix evenly to obtain the first base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the substrate and cure at room temperature for 8 hours to form a base layer;

[0116] (2) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea, 5 wt.% of chitosan and 5 wt.% of ammonium bicarbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a second base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer;

[0117] (3) Dissolve 80 wt.% shear thickener and 5 wt.% γ-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in dimethyl sulfoxide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the third base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the above elastic porous layer and dry it at room temperature for 1 h to form an adaptive layer; the shear thickener is prepared by stirring 20 mol% boric acid and 60 mol% hydroxy silicone oil evenly and placing it in an 80°C oven for crosslinking reaction. Take it out and stir evenly every 20 min. After the reaction is completed, cool the mixture to room temperature to obtain the shear thickener.

[0118] (4) The second base liquid is brushed onto the surface of the adaptive layer and cured at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer.

[0119] (5) Continue to apply the above third base liquid to the surface of the elastic porous layer to form an adaptive layer.

[0120] (6) Repeat steps 4 and 5 above several times as required, and control the thickness to 400 micrometers.

[0121] (7) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea and 5 wt.% of chitosan in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the surface of the above adaptive layer and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating with a thickness of 600 micrometers.

[0122] Performance characterization: The prepared composite coating exhibits reduced adaptability and decreased drag reduction rate.

[0123] Comparative Example 7 (Compared with Example 2, the shear thickening adhesive in the adaptive layer was replaced with a mixture of boric acid, hydroxyl silicone oil, and hydroxyethyl acrylate)

[0124] (1) Dissolve 70 wt.% epoxy zinc-rich paint, 2.5 wt.% diatomaceous earth and 2.5 wt.% silica in toluene and mix evenly to obtain the first base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the substrate and cure at room temperature for 8 hours to form a base layer;

[0125] (2) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea, 5 wt.% of chitosan and 5 wt.% of ammonium bicarbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a second base liquid; brush the base liquid onto the surface of the above base layer in situ and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer;

[0126] (3) Dissolve 80 wt.% of boric acid, hydroxyl silicone oil, hydroxyethyl acrylate mixture and 5 wt.% of γ-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in dimethyl sulfoxide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain a third base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the above elastic porous layer and dry it at room temperature for 1 h to form an adaptive layer; wherein the ratio of boric acid and hydroxyl silicone oil mixture is 30 mol% boric acid and 70 mol% hydroxyl silicone oil mixed evenly.

[0127] (4) The second base liquid is brushed onto the surface of the adaptive layer and cured at 80°C for 2 hours to form an elastic porous layer.

[0128] (5) Continue to apply the above third base liquid to the surface of the elastic porous layer to form an adaptive layer.

[0129] (6) Repeat steps 4 and 5 above several times as required, and control the thickness to 400 micrometers.

[0130] (7) Dissolve 70 wt.% of single-component high-elasticity silicone-modified polyurea and 5 wt.% of chitosan in N,N-dimethylformamide and stir evenly by mechanical stirring to obtain the fourth base liquid; brush the base liquid in situ onto the surface of the above adaptive layer and cure it at 80°C for 2 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby preparing an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating with a thickness of 600 micrometers.

[0131] Performance characterization: The prepared composite coating is a mixture of boric acid and hydroxyl silicone oil, resulting in poor interlayer adhesion and easy peeling.

[0132] The composite materials provided in the proportions and examples of this invention were subjected to performance tests, and the specific test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0133] Table 1. Properties of the materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0134]

[0135] In addition, the inventors of this case also conducted experiments with other raw materials, process operations, and process conditions described in this specification, referring to the aforementioned embodiments, and obtained relatively ideal results in all cases.

[0136] It should be understood that the technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Any technical modifications made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive drag-reduction and noise-reduction composite coating, characterized in that, It includes a base layer, an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer, and a surface structure layer formed sequentially on the surface of the substrate; The adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer is formed by alternating layers of elastic porous layer and adaptive layer. The elastic porous layer is formed by the reaction of at least flexible polymer resin, antifouling agent and pore-forming agent. The adaptive layer is formed by the reaction of at least shear thickening adhesive and binder. The surface structure layer is formed by the reaction of at least flexible polymer resin and antifouling agent. The shear thickening adhesive is formed by the dehydration polymerization of boric acid, hydroxyl silicone oil and hydroxyethyl acrylate.

2. The adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer includes two or more alternating stacked periodic layers, wherein each alternating stacked periodic layer includes an elastic porous layer and an adaptive layer. And / or, the substrate layer is in contact with an elastic porous layer in the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer.

3. The adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the substrate layer is 10~50μm; And / or, the thickness of the elastic porous layer is 1~100μm; and / or, the thickness of the adaptive layer is 1~100μm; And / or, the thickness of the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer is 4~400μm; And / or, the thickness of the surface structure layer is 1~200μm; And / or, the thickness of the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating is 300~1000μm.

4. The adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the shear thickening adhesive includes: mixing boric acid and hydroxyl silicone oil and conducting a crosslinking reaction at 70℃~100℃ for 1h~3h, then adding hydroxyethyl acrylate and continuing to heat and react for 6~8h to obtain the shear thickening adhesive.

5. The adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating according to claim 4, characterized in that: The molar ratio of boric acid, hydroxy silicone oil and hydroxyethyl acrylate is 10~30:40~60:10~30.

6. The adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base layer is formed by the reaction of at least adhesive resin, filler and diluent.

7. The method for preparing the adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: A first base liquid containing at least adhesive resin, filler and diluent is applied to the surface of the substrate and cured at room temperature for 8h to 24h to form a base layer; A second base liquid containing at least a flexible polymer resin, an antifouling agent, a pore-forming agent, and a solvent is applied to the surface of the substrate layer and cured at 80°C to 120°C for 1 to 3 hours to form an elastic porous layer. Then, a third base liquid containing at least a shear thickener, a binder, and a solvent is applied to the surface of the elastic porous layer and dried at room temperature for 0.5 to 2 hours to form an adaptive layer. The elastic porous layer and the adaptive layer are then alternately stacked until an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer is formed. Furthermore, a fourth base liquid containing at least a flexible polymer resin, an antifouling agent, and a solvent is applied to the surface of the adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction functional layer and cured at 80°C to 120°C for 1 to 3 hours to form a surface structure layer, thereby obtaining an adaptive drag reduction and noise reduction composite coating.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adhesive resin includes any one or more combinations of modified epoxy resin, epoxy zinc-rich primer, acrylic polyurethane paint, and amino silicone resin. And / or, the filler comprises any one or more combinations of bentonite, silica, glass microspheres, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and diatomaceous earth; and / or, the particle size of the filler is 0.01~50 μm; And / or, the diluent comprises any one or more combinations of toluene, xylene, ethanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether; And / or, the solvent includes any one or more combinations of anhydrous ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and diethyl ether; And / or, the flexible polymer resin includes any one or more combinations of silicone resin, polyurethane, and polyurea; And / or, the pore-forming agent includes any one or more combinations of sodium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate; And / or, the antifouling agent includes any one or more combinations of copper pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, chitosan, titanium dioxide particles, silver nanoparticles, and capsaicin; And / or, the binder comprises any one or more combinations of γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, propyltriethoxyisocyanate, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, diethylenetriaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-(isobutenoyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first base liquid comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30-80 wt% adhesive resin, 1-10 wt% filler and 10-69 wt% diluent; And / or, the second base liquid comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30-80 wt% flexible polymer resin, 1-10 wt% antifouling agent, 1-10 wt% pore-forming agent and 0-68 wt% solvent; And / or, the third base liquid comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30-80 wt% shear thickener, 1-10 wt% binder and 10-69 wt% solvent; And / or, the fourth base liquid comprises the following components by mass percentage: 30-80 wt% flexible polymer resin, 1-10 wt% antifouling agent and 10-69 wt% solvent.

10. The application of the adaptive drag-reducing and noise-reducing composite coating according to any one of claims 1-6 in drag reduction and noise reduction of ship hulls, pipelines, offshore platforms or underwater structures.

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