Photovoltaic dimming glass assembly, building glass curtain wall and vehicle
By setting gaps in photovoltaic dimming glass modules to reduce the coverage area of the perovskite layer, the problem of low light transmittance of photovoltaic dimming glass is solved, improving transparency and appearance, and enhancing the user experience.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511658418.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing photovoltaic dimming glass has low light transmittance, which affects the clarity and appearance of the glass.
In photovoltaic dimming glass modules, a spacer is provided between the perovskite layers of adjacent power generation sections to reduce the coverage area of the perovskite material and improve light transmittance.
This improves the light transmittance and transparency of photovoltaic dimming glass, enhancing user experience and comfort.
Smart Images
Figure CN121477519A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaic dimming glass technology, and more particularly to a photovoltaic dimming glass assembly, building glass curtain wall, and vehicle. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing demand for renewable energy and energy conservation across various industries, the integration of photovoltaic technology with other fields has become a research hotspot. Photovoltaic glass is widely used in building curtain walls, skylights, and vehicles. In recent years, photovoltaic smart glass, as a smart component integrating power generation and light control, has received widespread attention. However, existing photovoltaic smart glass still faces many challenges in practical applications, one of the bottlenecks being its low light transmittance.
[0003] Therefore, how to improve the above problems has become one of the urgent technical issues to be addressed at this stage. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this disclosure provides a photovoltaic dimming glass module, a building glass curtain wall, and a vehicle to improve the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module.
[0005] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a photovoltaic dimming glass assembly, including a first power generation layer and a second power generation layer disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first power generation layer and the second power generation layer; The first power generation layer includes a first substrate and a plurality of power generation units, wherein the power generation units in the first power generation layer are located on the side of the first substrate closer to the second power generation layer; the second power generation layer includes a second substrate and a plurality of power generation units, wherein the power generation units in the second power generation layer are located on the side of the second substrate closer to the first power generation layer; The power generation unit includes a first electrode, a perovskite layer, and a second electrode. The perovskite layer is located between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a spacer is included between adjacent perovskite layers in the power generation unit.
[0006] Secondly, based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure provides an architectural glass curtain wall, including the aforementioned photovoltaic dimming glass assembly.
[0007] Thirdly, based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure provides a vehicle including the aforementioned photovoltaic dimming glass assembly.
[0008] The technical solution provided in this disclosure has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This disclosure provides a photovoltaic (PV) dimming glass module, a building glass curtain wall, and a vehicle. The PV dimming glass module includes a first power-generating layer, a second power-generating layer, and a liquid crystal layer. The first and second power-generating layers are located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal layer. Each of the first and second power-generating layers includes multiple power-generating sections, each comprising a first electrode, a perovskite layer, and a second electrode. The perovskite layer is located between the first and second electrodes, and spacers are provided between adjacent perovskite layers in the power-generating sections. This disclosure, by configuring the coverage area of the perovskite layer in the power-generating sections such that spacers are provided between adjacent perovskite layers, ensures that at least some areas between the multiple power-generating sections in the PV dimming glass module do not contain perovskite material. This reduces the absorption of light by the perovskite layer, allowing as much light as possible to pass through the first and second power-generating layers, thus improving the light transmittance of the PV dimming glass module. This enhances the transparency and visual appeal of the PV dimming glass module, improving user experience and comfort. Attached Figure Description
[0009] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.
[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0011] Figure 1 The image shown is a plan view of a photovoltaic dimming glass assembly provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 The following is along Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of AA'; Figure 3 The following is along Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of BB'; Figure 4 The figure shown is another planar schematic diagram of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly provided in the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 5 The following is along Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of CC'; Figure 6 The following is along Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of DD'; Figure 7 The figure shown is another planar schematic diagram of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly provided in the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 8 The following is along Figure 1 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of AA'; Figure 9 The diagram shown is another plan view of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 10 The following is along Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of EE'; Figure 11 The diagram shown is another plan view of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 12 The following is along Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of FF'; Figure 13 The following is along Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of GG'; Figure 14 The figure shown is a plan view of a building glass curtain wall provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 15 The image shown is a plan view of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation
[0012] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure, the solutions disclosed herein will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.
[0013] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this disclosure, but this disclosure may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some, and not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure.
[0014] The inventors discovered in their research that photovoltaic (PV) dimming glass, as a smart component integrating power generation and light control, has attracted widespread attention. PV dimming glass can not only convert solar energy into electricity, but also adjust its light transmittance according to ambient lighting conditions or user needs, enabling its application in various scenarios and demonstrating great potential in energy conservation, emission reduction, and improving user experience. However, PV dimming glass is typically composed of multiple layers of stacked materials. Each layer may exhibit absorption, scattering, or reflection effects on light. The accumulation of these effects further reduces the overall light transmittance, thus affecting the clarity and appearance of the glass.
[0015] Therefore, how to improve the above problems has become one of the urgent technical issues to be addressed at this stage.
[0016] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a photovoltaic dimming glass module, a building glass curtain wall, and a vehicle to improve the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module.
[0017] Figure 1 The image shown is a plan view of a photovoltaic dimming glass assembly provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 The following is along Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of AA'. Figure 3 The following is along Figure 1 Please refer to a cross-sectional schematic diagram of BB'. Figures 1-3 This disclosure provides a photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100, including a first power-generating layer 11 and a second power-generating layer 12 disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 20 located between the first power-generating layer 11 and the second power-generating layer 12. The first power-generating layer 11 includes a first substrate 141 and a plurality of power-generating portions 130, with the power-generating portions 130 of the first power-generating layer 11 located on the side of the first substrate 141 closer to the second power-generating layer 12; the second power-generating layer 12 includes a second substrate 142 and a plurality of power-generating portions 130, with the power-generating portions 130 of the second power-generating layer 12 located on the side of the second substrate 142 closer to the first power-generating layer 11. Each power-generating portion 130 includes a first electrode 131, a perovskite layer 133, and a second electrode 132, with the perovskite layer 133 located between the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132, and a spacer 16 between adjacent perovskite layers 133 in each power-generating portion 130.
[0018] It should be noted that this disclosure Figure 1 The illustration uses only a rectangular photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 as an example, and is not limited thereto. The photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 can also be any other feasible shape, such as circular, trapezoidal, or rounded rectangle. This disclosure does not impose any specific limitations. Similarly, this disclosure... Figure 1 This explanation uses only the rectangular perovskite layer 133 as an example, but it is not limited to this. The perovskite layer 133 can also be any other feasible shape such as a circle, triangle, or rhombus.
[0019] Specifically, this disclosure provides a photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, including a first power-generating layer 11, a second power-generating layer 12, and a liquid crystal layer 20. The first power-generating layer 11 and the second power-generating layer 12 are located on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 20, and each includes multiple power-generating sections 130. Each power-generating section 130 includes a first electrode 131, a perovskite layer 133, and a second electrode 132 stacked together, and is equivalent to a perovskite solar cell. A perovskite solar cell is a novel compound thin-film solar cell that uses perovskite materials as a light-absorbing layer, enabling the generation of solar energy. The liquid crystal layer 20 includes liquid crystal molecules 201, which can be deflected under the action of an electric field to adjust the light transmittance and achieve dimming functionality, thus meeting different user needs in different scenarios, such as lighting requirements and privacy protection requirements. The photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 provided in this disclosure can be used to convert solar energy into electrical energy to generate electricity using solar energy. On the other hand, it can also change the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 by controlling the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 201 in the liquid crystal layer 20 to achieve dimming.
[0020] It should be noted that the perovskite layer 133 comprises an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, and a perovskite active layer. The perovskite active layer is located between the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer. This active layer is the core of the perovskite layer 133, responsible for absorbing sunlight and generating electron-hole pairs. The electron transport layer is responsible for transporting electrons and blocking holes, while the hole transport layer is responsible for transporting holes and blocking electrons. The working principle of the perovskite layer 133 is as follows: When sunlight shines on the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, photons enter the module and reach the perovskite active layer. The perovskite active layer material has a high absorption coefficient and a tunable band gap. When the photon energy is greater than or equal to the band gap energy of the perovskite active layer material, the perovskite active layer strongly absorbs these photons. After absorbing the photons, the valence band electrons in the perovskite active layer's crystal lattice gain energy and transition from the valence band to the conduction band. This generates a free electron in the conduction band and leaves a hole in the valence band. Before being separated, electrons and holes temporarily form a bound electron-hole pair (also known as an exciton). In the perovskite active layer, the binding energy of the exciton is typically low, making it easy to dissociate at room temperature. An energy level gradient exists between the perovskite active layer and the electron and hole transport layers, along with a built-in electric field formed by the difference in the material's work function. Under the influence of these electric fields, photogenerated electrons are injected into the electron transport layer, and photogenerated holes are injected into the hole transport layer. The separated electrons and holes then move efficiently along their respective transport channels to their respective electrodes (first electrode 131 and second electrode 132), thus realizing the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy.
[0021] The perovskite active layer comprises the perovskite material, a crystal structure with the general chemical formula ABX3, typically cubic or octahedral. The A-site is usually a monovalent cation, the B-site a divalent metal ion, and the X-site a monovalent halide ion. As a photoelectric conversion material, perovskite can be tailored to specific applications. This is achieved by adjusting the ions at the A, B, and X sites, thus controlling the bandgap from wide to narrow. The transparency of perovskite directly depends on its bandgap, which determines its absorption edge. Photons are absorbed and excited charge carriers only when the energy of incident sunlight photons is equal to or greater than the bandgap energy of the perovskite material. When the energy of incident sunlight photons is less than the bandgap energy, the photons are not effectively absorbed, resulting in high transmittance. For wide-bandgap perovskite materials, cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) is an example, with an absorption edge of approximately 540 nm, primarily absorbing high-energy, short-wavelength light such as ultraviolet, blue, and green light. Light with wavelengths longer than its absorption edge (approximately 540 nm), such as yellow, orange, red, and near-infrared light, can mostly pass through. Because this wide-bandgap perovskite material can transmit yellow, orange, and red light, it typically appears yellow or amber. For narrow-bandgap perovskite materials, taking formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) as an example, its absorption edge is approximately 840 nm, allowing it to absorb a wider range of light, including almost all visible light, including blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, as well as some near-infrared light. Because it absorbs most of the visible light, the portion of visible light that can be transmitted is very limited, thus it typically appears deep red, brown, or almost black. Therefore, both wide-bandgap and narrow-bandgap perovskite materials absorb and block light to some extent. When perovskite materials are incorporated into a photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, they affect light transmittance.
[0022] To improve the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, this disclosure specifies the coverage area of the perovskite layer 133 in the power generation section 130. In this disclosure, the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 has multiple power generation sections 130, and a spacer 16 is included between the perovskite layers 133 in adjacent power generation sections 130. The spacer 16 refers to the area between adjacent power generation sections 130 that does not include perovskite material. It should be noted that adjacent power generation sections 130 means that the projection of two power generation sections 130 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 does not include the projection of other power generation sections 130. This disclosure provides a spacer 16 between the perovskite layers 133. Since the spacer 16 does not contain perovskite material, at least some areas between the multiple power generation sections 130 in the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 do not contain perovskite material. This helps to reduce the absorption of light by the perovskite layers 133, allowing as much light as possible to pass through the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12, thereby improving the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 and improving the transparency and appearance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, which is beneficial to improving the user experience and comfort.
[0023] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 1-3 In the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 provided in this disclosure, the first power generation layer 11 includes a first substrate 141, and the second power generation layer 12 includes a second substrate 142. The first substrate 141 and the second substrate 142 provide mechanical support for the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12, protecting the internal functional layers (first electrode 131, second electrode 132, and perovskite layer 133). This helps to prevent the internal functional layers from being damaged by external factors such as scratches and compression, as well as from environmental factors such as moisture and oxygen. Optionally, the first substrate 141 and the second substrate 142 are transparent glass, such as ultra-clear glass or float glass. With this configuration, when light passes through the first substrate 141 and the second substrate 142 into the interior of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, the light loss is small, which further helps to improve the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, improve the transparency and appearance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, and thus improve the user experience.
[0024] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 1-3 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the power generation unit 130 is arranged in a matrix along the first direction F1 and the second direction F2. The first direction F1 and the second direction F2 are both parallel to the plane where the photovoltaic dimming glass component 100 is located, and the first direction F1 and the second direction F2 intersect.
[0025] Specifically, the first power generation layer 11 includes multiple power generation sections 130, and the second power generation layer 12 also includes multiple power generation sections 130. The power generation sections 130 in the first power generation layer 11 and the power generation sections 130 in the second power generation layer 12 are arranged in an array. Along the first direction F1, adjacent power generation sections 130 have perovskite layers 133 separated by a spacer 16. Along the second direction F2, adjacent power generation sections 130 also have a spacer 16 separated by a spacer 16. The spacer 16 does not contain perovskite material. This arrangement helps reduce the absorption of light by the perovskite layers 133, improves the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, enhances the transparency and appearance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, and improves user experience and comfort.
[0026] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 1-3 Optionally, the orthographic projection of the perovskite layer 133 in the first power generation layer 11 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the perovskite layer 133 in the second power generation layer 12 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100. This arrangement results in a smaller area of the orthographic projection of the perovskite layer 133 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100, which is more conducive to reducing the absorption of light by the perovskite layer 133, improving the light transmittance between the photovoltaic dimming glass panes, enhancing the transparency and appearance of the photovoltaic dimming glass, and ultimately improving user experience and comfort. It should be noted that this disclosure is not limited to this. Figure 4 The image shown is another planar schematic diagram of a photovoltaic dimming glass assembly provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 5 The following is along Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of CC'. Figure 6 The following is along Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of DD', used to distinguish the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12. Figure 4 The spacers 16 arranged along the first direction F1 in the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12 are filled differently. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 4-6In some other embodiments of this disclosure, the orthographic projection of the power generation unit 130 in the first power generation layer 11 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the power generation unit 130 in the second power generation layer 12 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100. This arrangement helps to increase the orthographic projection area of the perovskite layer 133 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100. When sunlight shines on the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100, the area of the perovskite layer 133 that can be used to absorb and utilize solar energy is larger, which helps to improve light utilization and thus improve power generation efficiency. At the same time, the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 includes a spacer 16 along both the first direction F1 and the second direction F2, which helps to improve light transmittance compared to the perovskite layer 133 being provided on the entire surface. Furthermore, when sunlight shines on the first power generation layer 11, the light can pass smoothly through the gap between two adjacent power generation units 130. If you want to further improve the light transmittance, you can adjust the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 201 in the liquid crystal layer 20 so that the light can pass through the gap between adjacent power generation units 130 in the second power generation layer 12. The specific design can be made according to actual needs.
[0027] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the first power generation layer 11 includes a plurality of power generation unit groups 13, and the second power generation layer 12 includes a plurality of power generation unit groups 13; the same power generation unit group 13 includes M power generation units 130 arranged along the first direction F1, where M is a positive integer; the second electrode 132 of the Nth power generation unit 130 is electrically connected to the first electrode 131 of the (N+1)th power generation unit 130, where N≤M-1.
[0028] Specifically, the same power generation layer includes multiple power generation unit groups 13, and the multiple power generation units 130 in the same power generation unit group 13 are electrically connected. Taking the Nth power generation unit 130 as an example, its second electrode 132 is electrically connected to the first electrode 131 of the (N+1)th power generation unit 130, and its first electrode 131 is electrically connected to the second electrode 132 of the (N-1)th power generation unit 130. With this configuration, the power generation units 130 in the same power generation unit group 13 are electrically connected, allowing the generated electrical energy to be collected and stored uniformly from one end of the power generation unit group 13. Optionally, the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 can be connected to an energy storage module (not shown in the figure), which can store the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100.
[0029] It should be noted that the accompanying drawings in this disclosure are only used as an example of electrically connecting the second electrode 132 of the Nth power generation unit 130 to the first electrode 131 of the (N+1)th power generation unit 130, and electrically connecting the first electrode 131 of the Nth power generation unit 130 to the second electrode 132 of the (N+1)th power generation unit 130, and are not intended to be limiting. In some other optional embodiments, the second electrode 132 of the Nth power generation unit 130 is electrically connected to the first electrode 131 of the (N-1)th power generation unit 130, and the first electrode 131 of the Nth power generation unit 130 is electrically connected to the second electrode 132 of the (N+1)th power generation unit 130. The above embodiments of this disclosure are intended to illustrate that the collection and storage of electrical energy can be achieved by electrically connecting the electrodes between multiple power generation units 130. The specific design can be tailored to actual circumstances, and this disclosure does not impose any specific limitations.
[0030] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the width of the spacer 16 between adjacent power generation units 130 is X along the first direction F1; the width of the spacer 16 between adjacent power generation units 130 is Y along the second direction F2, and X <Y。
[0031] Specifically, multiple power generation units 130 within the same power generation unit group 13 are electrically connected. Within the same power generation unit group 13, the orthographic projection of the first electrode 131 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the spacer 16 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100; similarly, the orthographic projection of the second electrode 132 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 also overlaps with the orthographic projection of the spacer 16 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100. In adjacent power generation unit groups 13, the orthographic projection of the spacer 16 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 131 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100; nor does the orthographic projection of the spacer 16 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 overlap with the orthographic projection of the second electrode 132 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100.
[0032] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the spacer 16 between adjacent power generation units 130 in the same power generation unit group 13 overlaps with the electrode; please refer to Figure 3As shown, the adjacent spacing portions 16 between adjacent power generation unit groups 13 do not overlap with the electrodes. When light passes through the spacing portions 16 in the same power generation unit group 13, the light needs to pass through the first electrode 131 and / or the second electrode 132, which will block the light to a certain extent. When light passes through the spacing portions 16 between adjacent power generation unit groups 13, the light does not need to pass through the first electrode 131 and / or the second electrode 132, which is beneficial for the light to pass through the spacing portions 16. Therefore, the light transmittance of the spacing portions 16 between adjacent power generation unit groups 13 is higher. In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the width Y of the spacing portions 16 between adjacent power generation unit groups 13 is set to be greater than the width X of the spacing portions 16 between adjacent power generation units 130 in the same power generation unit group 13, which is more conducive to the light passing through the spacing portions 16, thereby improving the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, improving the transparency and appearance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, and helping to improve the user experience and comfort. Furthermore, the smaller width X of the spacing 16 between adjacent power generation sections 130 in the same power generation section group 13 is beneficial for the electrical connection between power generation sections 130. Also, the smaller width X of the spacing 16 in the same power generation section group 13 results in a larger width of the perovskite layer 133, which is beneficial for improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100.
[0033] Figure 7 The diagram shown is another planar schematic of the photovoltaic dimming glass module provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Please refer to [the diagram]. Figure 7 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the width of the spacer 16 between adjacent power generation units 130 is X along the first direction F1; and the width of the spacer 16 between adjacent power generation units 130 is Y along the second direction F2, where X = Y. Specifically, in this embodiment, the width X of the spacer 16 between adjacent power generation units 130 in the same power generation unit group 13 is equal to the width Y of the spacer 16 between adjacent power generation unit groups 13. With this arrangement, the distribution density of the perovskite layer 133 and the spacer 16 in each region is relatively more uniform. When light shines on the photovoltaic glass module, it is beneficial for the perovskite layer 133 to make full use of the light, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. It is also beneficial for light to pass smoothly through the spacer 16, thereby improving the light transmittance. Therefore, this embodiment is beneficial for balancing the light transmittance and photoelectric conversion efficiency in different regions.
[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment shown in the figure, at least part of the spacer 16 overlaps only with one of the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132. With this arrangement, when light passes through the spacer 16, it only needs to penetrate one layer of electrodes, which is beneficial for light transmission. Figure 8 The following is along Figure 1 Please refer to another cross-sectional diagram of AA'. Figure 8In some other embodiments, at least part of the spacer 16 overlaps with both the first electrode 131 and the second electrode 132. This arrangement makes the connection between adjacent power generation units 130 tighter. At the same time, the width of the spacer 16 is smaller, which helps to increase the area of the perovskite layer 133, enhance the full utilization of light, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
[0035] Figure 9 The diagram shown is another plan view of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 10 The following is along Figure 9 Please refer to a cross-sectional diagram of EE'. Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the power generation section 130 extends along a first direction F1 and is arranged along a second direction F2. The first direction F1 is parallel to the plane where the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 is located, and the second direction F2 is parallel to the plane where the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 is located. The first direction F1 and the second direction F2 intersect. The spacer section 16 is located between the power generation sections 130 arranged along the second direction F2.
[0036] Specifically, the plan view of this embodiment can be referred to Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the cross-section along the first direction F1 can be referenced. Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the cross-section along the second direction F2 and Figure 3 Same, can be used as a reference Figure 3 This practical method provides a strip-shaped power generation section 130, wherein the first electrode 131, the second electrode 132, and the perovskite layer 133 in the power generation section 130 all extend along the first direction F1. The first electrode 131, the perovskite layer 133, and the second electrode 132 are stacked, thus avoiding the connection of electrodes between the power generation sections 130 and reducing the manufacturing difficulty. At the same time, adjacent power generation sections 130 along the second direction F2 have a spacer 16. The orthographic projection of the spacer 16 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the perovskite layer 133 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100, nor does the orthographic projection of the spacer 16 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 131 and / or the second electrode 132 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100. When sunlight shines on the interval 16, it facilitates the smooth passage of light, reduces light loss, increases the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, improves the transparency and appearance of the photovoltaic dimming glass, and helps to improve user experience and comfort.
[0037] Please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10Optionally, the orthographic projection of the power generation unit 130 in the first power generation layer 11 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the power generation unit 130 in the second power generation layer 12 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100. With this configuration, the orthographic projection of the spacer portion 16 in the first power generation layer 11 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the spacer portion 16 in the second power generation layer 12 onto the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100. When sunlight shines on the spacer portion 16, it facilitates the smooth passage of light, reduces light loss, improves the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100, enhances the transparency and appearance of the photovoltaic dimming glass, and improves user experience and comfort. It should be noted that this disclosure is only an example and is not intended to be limiting.
[0038] Figure 11 The diagram shown is another plan view of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12 The following is along Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of FF'. Figure 13 The following is along Figure 11 Please refer to a cross-sectional diagram of GG'. Figures 11-13 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the first power generation layer 11 further includes a first encapsulation layer 151, which is located on the side of the power generation portion 130 in the first power generation layer 11 near the second power generation layer 12, and the first encapsulation layer 151 at least fills the spacer portion 16 in the first power generation layer 11. The second power generation layer 12 further includes a second encapsulation layer 152, which is located on the side of the power generation portion 130 in the second power generation layer 12 near the first power generation layer 11, and the second encapsulation layer 152 at least fills the spacer portion 16 in the second power generation layer 12.
[0039] Specifically, the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12 also include independent encapsulation layers. The encapsulation layer of the first power generation layer 11 is a first encapsulation layer 151, and the encapsulation layer of the second power generation layer 12 is a second encapsulation layer 152. The first encapsulation layer 151 is located on the side of the second electrode 132 near the second power generation layer 12 and is located at the circumferential edge of the first power generation layer 11, and at least fills the spacer portion 16. The second encapsulation layer 152 is located on the side of the second electrode 132 near the first power generation layer 11 and is located at the circumferential edge of the second power generation layer 12, and at least fills the spacer portion 16. The arrangement of the first encapsulation layer 151 and the second encapsulation layer 152 helps to protect the internal film layers of the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12 from corrosion by moisture, oxygen, and other substances, thereby improving the stability and service life of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100.
[0040] Optionally, the first encapsulation layer 151 and the second encapsulation layer 152 are made of transparent materials. This arrangement is beneficial for the transmission of light inside the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, reduces the absorption of light by the internal film layer, and reduces the transmission loss of light in the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100. In addition, the use of transparent materials for the internal film layer of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 is also beneficial for improving the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, improving the transparency and appearance of the photovoltaic dimming glass, and improving the user experience and comfort.
[0041] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 11-13 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 further includes a first driving electrode 161 and a second driving electrode 162. The first driving electrode 161 is located on the side of the liquid crystal layer 20 near the first power generation layer 11, and the second driving electrode 162 is located on the side of the liquid crystal layer 20 near the second power generation layer 12. The first driving electrode 161 and the second driving electrode 162 are used to drive the liquid crystal molecules 201 in the liquid crystal layer 20 to deflect.
[0042] Specifically, the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 provided in this disclosure also has a dimming function. A voltage is applied between the first driving electrode 161 and the second driving electrode 162 to form an electric field. Under the control of different voltages, the liquid crystal molecules 201 deflect at different angles, resulting in different light transmittance and thus achieving the dimming function. For example, when more light is needed, the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 201 is controlled, and the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 201 is adjusted to increase light transmittance; when privacy protection is needed, the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules 201 is controlled, and the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 201 is adjusted to reduce light transmittance.
[0043] Optionally, the first driving electrode 161 and the second driving electrode 162 are connected to a control module (not shown in the figure). The control module is configured to generate different driving voltages according to user needs to drive the liquid crystal molecules 201 to achieve deflection at different angles.
[0044] To further improve the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, the first driving electrode 161 and the second driving electrode 162 can be made of transparent materials. For example, the materials of the first driving electrode 161 and the second driving electrode 162 can be indium tin oxide. While ensuring the conductivity of the electrodes, this facilitates the transmission of light inside the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, reduces transmission loss, and improves the light transmittance of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100.
[0045] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 11-13 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, a support structure 202 is further included between the first driving electrode 161 and the second driving electrode 162, and the support structure 202 is in contact with the first driving electrode 161 and the second driving electrode 162.
[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, a support structure 202 is provided between the first driving electrode 161 and the second driving electrode 162 to form a support between the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12, thereby facilitating the filling of liquid crystal molecules 201 between the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12 to form a liquid crystal layer. The support structure 202 can be fabricated using various processes or technologies. One optional embodiment provided by this disclosure is that the support structure 202 is formed by photolithography, by coating a photoresist layer and then further exposing and developing it using a photomask, thereby forming a support pillar between the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12. Another optional embodiment provided by this disclosure is that the support structure 202 is formed by inkjet printing technology, by spraying material on demand to directly form the support pillar between the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12. This method eliminates the need for a photomask, which helps reduce manufacturing costs.
[0047] It should be noted that the film structure shown in the accompanying drawings is illustrated using only two support structures 202 as an example, and does not represent the actual number of support structures 202, nor is it limited to this. In actual fabrication, multiple support structures 202 are included between the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12, and may be located at any position between the first power generation layer 11 and the second power generation layer 12. A larger number of support structures 202 is beneficial for forming better support performance, thereby facilitating the filling of liquid crystal molecules 201 in the liquid crystal layer 20. Optionally, along the direction perpendicular to the plane of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100, the cross-section of the support structure 202 can be circular (…). Figure 7 (The example shown is a circle, but it can also be a trapezoid or any other feasible shape. It should also be noted that this disclosure is only an example and is not limited thereto.)
[0048] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 11-13 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100 further includes a sealing structure 30 located between the first substrate 141 and the second substrate 142, surrounding the edge of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100.
[0049] Specifically, the edge of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 also includes a sealing structure 30. The sealing structure 30 provides a first layer of protection for the internal structure of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100, preventing adverse factors such as moisture and oxygen from entering the interior from the edge, thereby further improving the reliability and service life of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100. Optionally, the sealing structure 30 can be made of materials such as ionomers, epoxy resins, inorganic barrier layers, or butyl rubber. The sealing structure 30 can also be made of opaque materials, which further helps prevent light leakage from the edge of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100.
[0050] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure provides a building glass curtain wall. Figure 14 The image shown is a plan view of a building glass curtain wall provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Please refer to it. Figures 1-3 as well as Figure 14 The building glass curtain wall 200 includes a photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100, which is any of the photovoltaic dimming glass assemblies 100 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.
[0051] It should be noted that using the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 provided in this disclosure in the building glass curtain wall 200 is beneficial for realizing Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV). The decorative and enclosure functions of the traditional curtain wall are upgraded to power generation functions. The building facade is no longer merely an energy-consuming or passively energy-saving component, but becomes an active "energy producer," reducing dependence on the traditional power grid and achieving partial or complete energy self-sufficiency for the building. The dimming function can adjust the transparency of the building glass curtain wall 200 according to the outdoor light intensity and indoor temperature requirements. For example, in summer, the dimming function can be used to reduce light transmittance to block excessive solar radiation heat from entering the room, which helps reduce air conditioning cooling load and energy consumption; in winter, the dimming function can be used to increase light transmittance to maximize lighting and passive solar heating, reducing heating energy consumption. The embodiments of the building glass curtain wall 200 provided in this disclosure can be found in the embodiments of the photovoltaic dimming glass module 100 described above, and repeated details will not be repeated.
[0052] It should also be noted that this disclosure Figure 14 This is merely an illustration of a building glass curtain wall 200 including multiple photovoltaic dimming glass components 100, and does not limit the number of photovoltaic dimming glass components 100 or the connection structure between the photovoltaic dimming glass components 100.
[0053] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure provides a vehicle. Figure 15 The image shown is a plan view of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Please refer to it. Figures 1-3 as well as Figure 15 The vehicle 300 includes a photovoltaic dimming glass assembly 100, which is any of the photovoltaic dimming glass assemblies 100 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.
[0054] It should be noted that the photovoltaic dimming glass component 100 provided in this disclosure can be used as a sunroof or window glass in a vehicle 300. It can generate electricity to compensate for some of the electrical power consumption in the vehicle 300, which is beneficial for energy saving. Furthermore, since the energy used is solar power, it is more environmentally friendly. For new energy vehicles 300, using the photovoltaic dimming glass component 100 to generate electricity to compensate for some of the electrical power consumption also helps to improve the vehicle's range and alleviate users' anxiety about the power consumption of new energy vehicles 300. In addition, the vehicle 300 provided in this disclosure can achieve different light transmittance in different scenarios through dimming, enhancing heat insulation and sun protection effects, which is beneficial to improving user experience and comfort. The embodiments of the vehicle 300 provided in this disclosure can be found in the above-described embodiments of the photovoltaic dimming glass component 100; repeated details will not be repeated.
[0055] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the photovoltaic dimming glass module, building glass curtain wall, and vehicle provided in this disclosure achieve at least the following beneficial effects: This disclosure provides a photovoltaic (PV) dimming glass module, a building glass curtain wall, and a vehicle. The PV dimming glass module includes a first power-generating layer, a second power-generating layer, and a liquid crystal layer. The first and second power-generating layers are located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal layer. Each of the first and second power-generating layers includes multiple power-generating sections, each comprising a first electrode, a perovskite layer, and a second electrode. The perovskite layer is located between the first and second electrodes, and spacers are provided between adjacent perovskite layers in the power-generating sections. This disclosure, by configuring the coverage area of the perovskite layer in the power-generating sections such that spacers are provided between adjacent perovskite layers, ensures that at least some areas between the multiple power-generating sections in the PV dimming glass module do not contain perovskite material. This reduces the absorption of light by the perovskite layer, allowing as much light as possible to pass through the first and second power-generating layers, thus improving the light transmittance of the PV dimming glass module. This enhances the transparency and visual appeal of the PV dimming glass module, improving user experience and comfort.
[0056] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0057] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement it. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic dimming glass module, characterized in that, It includes a first power generation layer and a second power generation layer disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first power generation layer and the second power generation layer; The first power generation layer includes a first substrate and a plurality of power generation units, wherein the power generation units in the first power generation layer are located on the side of the first substrate closer to the second power generation layer; the second power generation layer includes a second substrate and a plurality of power generation units, wherein the power generation units in the second power generation layer are located on the side of the second substrate closer to the first power generation layer; The power generation unit includes a first electrode, a perovskite layer, and a second electrode. The perovskite layer is located between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a spacer is included between adjacent perovskite layers in the power generation unit.
2. The photovoltaic dimming glass module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation units are arranged in a matrix along a first direction and a second direction. Both the first direction and the second direction are parallel to the plane where the photovoltaic dimming glass module is located, and the first direction and the second direction intersect.
3. The photovoltaic dimming glass module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first power generation layer includes multiple power generation unit groups, and the second power generation layer includes multiple power generation unit groups; each power generation unit group includes M power generation units arranged along the first direction, where M is a positive integer; The second electrode of the Nth power generation unit is electrically connected to the first electrode of the (N+1)th power generation unit, where N ≤ M-1.
4. The photovoltaic dimming glass module according to claim 3, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the width of the interval between adjacent power generating units is X; along the second direction, the width of the interval between adjacent power generating units is Y, X <Y。 5. The photovoltaic dimming glass module according to claim 3, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the width of the interval between adjacent power generation units is X; along the second direction, the width of the interval between adjacent power generation units is Y, and X=Y.
6. The photovoltaic dimming glass module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation unit extends along a first direction and is arranged along a second direction. The first direction is parallel to the plane where the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly is located, and the second direction is parallel to the plane where the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly is located. The first direction and the second direction intersect. The spacer is located between the power generation units arranged along the second direction.
7. The photovoltaic dimming glass module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first power generation layer further includes a first encapsulation layer, which is located on the side of the power generation portion in the first power generation layer that is close to the second power generation layer, and the first encapsulation layer at least fills the spacer portion in the first power generation layer; The second power generation layer further includes a second encapsulation layer, which is located on the side of the power generation portion in the second power generation layer that is close to the first power generation layer, and the second encapsulation layer at least fills the spacer portion in the second power generation layer.
8. The photovoltaic dimming glass module according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a first driving electrode and a second driving electrode, wherein the first driving electrode is located on the side of the liquid crystal layer closer to the first power generation layer, and the second driving electrode is located on the side of the liquid crystal layer closer to the second power generation layer; The first driving electrode and the second driving electrode are used to drive the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect.
9. The photovoltaic dimming glass module according to claim 8, characterized in that, A support structure is further included between the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode, and the support structure is in contact with the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode.
10. The photovoltaic dimming glass module according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a sealing structure located between the first substrate and the second substrate, surrounding the edge of the photovoltaic dimming glass assembly.
11. A type of architectural glass curtain wall, characterized in that, The photovoltaic dimming glass assembly includes any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. A vehicle, characterized in that, The photovoltaic dimming glass assembly includes any one of claims 1 to 10.