Leak-proof device of hydrogen storage equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-leakage device for hydrogen storage equipment, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage equipment. Comprising a control system and a protective shell, the protective shell is fixedly installed at the top end of a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen outlet pipe fixedly communicated with the top end of the hydrogen storage tank and a valve and an emergency cut-off valve which are installed on a pipe body of the hydrogen outlet pipe are all located in the protective shell, and a pressure monitor and a hydrogen monitor are arranged at the top of the protective shell; and the air pressure and the hydrogen content in the protective shell are monitored through the pressure monitor and the hydrogen monitor correspondingly. The device is provided with the protective shell, the air exhaust piece, the pressure monitor and the hydrogen monitor, the air pressure and the hydrogen content in the protective shell can be monitored in real time through the pressure monitor and the hydrogen monitor, and once abnormity is detected, an alarm signal can be sent out in time, so that workers can take protective measures rapidly and conveniently.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage equipment, in particular to a hydrogen storage equipment anti-leakage device. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a clean energy, the storage and transportation technology of hydrogen energy is a key link in the industry chain. At present, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has become the most commonly used hydrogen storage method because of its mature technology and relatively low cost. However, hydrogen has the characteristics of small molecules, easy leakage, flammability and explosiveness, which makes the anti-leakage safety of the hydrogen storage tank, especially the interface and valve, the top priority.

[0003] Chinese invention patent, application publication number CN115638362A discloses a hydrogen storage container anti-leakage device; the right side of the tank body is connected with a sealing assembly; the lower side of the tank body is connected with a impurity removal assembly; the impurity removal assembly is connected with the sealing assembly; by using the above technical scheme, if the hydrogen storage container leaks, hydrogen will leak into the inside cavity of the tank body, and the hydrogen is intercepted and collected, achieving the effect of preventing leakage; as the amount of hydrogen collected in the inside cavity of the tank body increases, the gas pressure in the tank body increases, the high-pressure gas pushes the first linkage block and the sealing sleeve to move to the right, making the sealing sleeve contact the first cylinder more tightly, that is, as the amount of leaked hydrogen increases, the sealing performance is automatically enhanced, which has stronger sealing and anti-leakage function than general high-pressure ball valves; the hydrogen collected in the tank body is extracted through the third pipeline, solving the problem that the leaked hydrogen cannot be extracted, and the air in the tank body has been discharged before this, avoiding the mixing of air in the tank body into the collected hydrogen to reduce its purity.

[0004] For example, Chinese invention patent, application publication number CN119778627A discloses a hydrogen storage tank anti-leakage safety protection device for modular hydrogen fuel cell, which aims to provide a hydrogen storage tank anti-leakage safety protection device for modular hydrogen fuel cell, which can effectively solve the problem that the gas nozzle and valve of the hydrogen storage tank are knocked off or broken, causing a large amount of hydrogen leakage, so as to ensure the safety of energy storage.

[0005] The hydrogen storage equipment anti-leakage device in the prior art still has some defects in actual application, such as: The existing hydrogen storage equipment anti-leakage device is generally discovered after hydrogen leaks for a period of time, which is not convenient for timely detection in the early stage of leakage, resulting in a large amount of hydrogen leakage and increasing the safety hazard; When a fire occurs in the hydrogen storage tank placement area, the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank will increase, and the existing hydrogen storage equipment anti-leakage device is difficult to effectively cope with the problem of sudden increase of pressure in the tank caused by high temperature, which may cause the protective shell to physically explode due to excessive pressure. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a hydrogen storage equipment leakage-proof device to solve the problems in the background.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a hydrogen storage equipment leakage-proof device, comprising a control system and a protective shell, the protective shell is fixedly installed at the top end of a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen outlet pipe fixedly communicated with the top end of the hydrogen storage tank, a valve and an emergency shut-off valve installed on the hydrogen outlet pipe are located in the protective shell, a pressure monitor and a hydrogen monitor are arranged on the top of the protective shell, the pressure and the hydrogen content in the protective shell are monitored by the pressure monitor and the hydrogen monitor respectively; A gas extraction member is arranged on the top of the protective shell to extract the inner cavity of the protective shell. A bypass pipe is fixedly communicated with one side of the hydrogen outlet pipe below the valve and the emergency shut-off valve, a heat transfer member is connected to the pipe body of the bypass pipe, and a communication pipe is connected between the gas outlet side of the heat transfer member and the inner cavity of the protective shell. A pressure relief member is arranged on the top of the protective shell, a hydrogen elimination device is arranged on the top of the pressure relief member, and the hydrogen discharged from the pressure relief member is catalytically oxidized by the hydrogen elimination device.

[0008] Further, the gas extraction member comprises a gas extraction pipe fixedly communicated with the protective shell, a gas blocking pipe is detachably fixedly communicated with one side of the gas extraction pipe, and a first one-way valve and a second one-way valve are respectively connected to the pipe bodies of the gas extraction pipe and the gas blocking pipe.

[0009] Further, the heat transfer member comprises an outer shell, a socket block is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the outer shell, and a slot is arranged at the top of the socket block. A vertical semicircular plate is fixedly arranged in the top cavity of the outer shell, and a heat conduction block is integrally formed at the top end of the vertical semicircular plate extending out of the outer shell. A plug plate is integrally formed at the bottom end of the vertical semicircular plate, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the plate body of the plug plate, a hot-melt alloy sleeve is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the plug plate, and the hot-melt alloy sleeve is matched with the slot.

[0010] Further, the heat transfer member comprises an outer shell, a socket block is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the outer shell, and a slot is arranged at the top of the socket block. A vertical semicircular plate is fixedly arranged in the top cavity of the outer shell, and a heat conduction block is integrally formed at the top end of the vertical semicircular plate extending out of the outer shell. A plug plate is integrally formed at the bottom end of the vertical semicircular plate, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the plate body of the plug plate, a hot-melt alloy block is fixedly arranged in the through hole, and the plug plate is matched with the slot.

[0011] Further, a plurality of accommodating grooves are arranged on the bottom wall of the outer shell on both sides of the plug plate. An upwardly expanding flow guide surface is formed at the top of the accommodating groove, and a plurality of cracks are formed on the side wall of the accommodating groove.

[0012] Furthermore, an oblique annular baffle is fixed to the inner wall of the air outlet side of the outer shell, and an inwardly curved beak plate is formed on the plate of the oblique annular baffle. A collection pipe is fixed to the outside of the inclined annular baffle, and a feed inlet is formed on the side of the collection pipe facing the inclined annular baffle.

[0013] Furthermore, the connecting pipe includes an outlet pipe fixedly connected to the outlet side of the heat exchanger and an inlet pipe fixedly connected to the hydrogen storage tank. A sedimentation tank is provided between the outlet pipe and the inlet pipe. A tangential inlet is formed between the outlet pipe extending into the sedimentation tank and the side wall of the sedimentation tank, so that the gas is blown into the sedimentation tank at a certain angle and rises spirally. A sedimentation pool is formed at the bottom of the sedimentation tank.

[0014] Furthermore, the side wall of the sedimentation tank is provided with a plurality of flow channels arranged in a circular array. The flow channels include a first opening and a second opening, the width of the first opening being smaller than the width of the second opening.

[0015] Furthermore, the hydrogen elimination device includes a pressure relief pipe, which is fixedly connected to a pressure relief component. A first reducing pipe is formed on the outlet side of the pressure relief pipe, and a negative pressure pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the first reducing pipe. A suction pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the negative pressure pipe. A buffer shell and a first flame arrester are connected sequentially to the body of the intake pipe, and several first filter screens are fixed inside the buffer shell. A second reducing pipe and an expanding pipe are sequentially formed on the side of the negative pressure pipe; A gas mixer, a hydrogen eliminator, and an exhaust pipe are sequentially fixed to the side of the expanded pipe, and a second flame arrester is connected to the body of the exhaust pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydrogen elimination component includes a hydrogen elimination tube, and a porous catalyst block and a second filter screen are sequentially fixed inside the tube.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The hydrogen storage equipment's leak prevention device is equipped with a protective shell, an extraction component, a pressure monitor, and a hydrogen monitor. The pressure monitor and hydrogen monitor can monitor the gas pressure and hydrogen content inside the protective shell in real time. Once an abnormality is detected, an alarm signal can be issued in a timely manner, allowing staff to quickly take protective measures.

[0018] Meanwhile, a heat exchanger is installed. When a fire or other situation occurs in the hydrogen storage tank area that causes an increase in internal pressure, the hot-melt alloy sleeve or hot-melt alloy block in the heat exchanger melts upon heating, allowing hydrogen to enter the inner cavity of the protective shell through the bypass pipe and connecting pipe. The hydrogen is then processed by the pressure relief device and hydrogen elimination device, effectively addressing the problem of a sudden increase in internal pressure caused by high temperature and preventing the protective shell from undergoing a physical explosion due to excessive pressure.

[0019] In addition, three lines of defense are set up: an inclined annular baffle, a receiving tank, and a sedimentation tank. Through the synergistic effect of these three lines of defense, molten hot alloy particles are effectively prevented from entering the hydrogen elimination device, ensuring the safety and reliability of the device operation.

[0020] In addition, the hydrogen elimination device, through the synergistic action of the pressure relief pipe, negative pressure pipe, gas mixer and hydrogen elimination components, can efficiently catalytically oxidize the hydrogen discharged from the pressure relief components, converting the hydrogen into harmless substances before it is discharged through the exhaust pipe. This effectively avoids the safety hazards that may be caused by the direct discharge of hydrogen into the air. The device has a reasonable overall structure and the components work together to provide reliable leak-proof protection for hydrogen storage equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is an axial view of the invention after installation; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a first-view half-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a second-view half-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a half-sectional view of a heat exchanger in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of a heat exchange component in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the heat exchanger in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a half-sectional view of the deposition tank of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a half-sectional view of the hydrogen elimination device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a half-sectional view of the hydrogen elimination component of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Hydrogen storage tank; 2. Hydrogen outlet pipe; 3. Protective shell; 401. Pressure monitor; 402. Hydrogen monitor; 501. Extraction pipe; 502. Gas-blocking pipe; 503. First one-way valve; 504. Second one-way valve; 6. Bypass pipe; 7. Heat exchanger; 701. Outer shell; 702. Socket block; 703. Vertical semi-circular plate; 704. Heat-conducting block; 705. Through hole; 706. Hot-melt alloy sleeve; 707. Receiving groove; 708. Inclined annular baffle; 7081. Nose plate; 709. Collection pipe; 710. Inlet; 711. Insert plate; 712. Hot-melt alloy block; 8. Gas outlet pipe; 9. Deposition tank; 901 10. Sedimentation tank; 11. Guide channel; 12. Inlet pipe; 13. Pressure relief component; 14. Fixed pipe; 15. Mounting shell; 16. Rupture disc; 17. Hydrogen elimination device; 18. Pressure relief pipe; 19. First reducer; 10. Negative pressure pipe; 11. Second reducer; 12. Expander; 13. Intake pipe; 14. Buffer shell; 15. First flame arrester; 16. Gas mixer; 17. Hydrogen elimination component; 18. Hydrogen elimination pipe; 19. Porous catalyst block; 10. Second filter screen; 10. Second flame arrester; 11. Exhaust pipe; 12. Valve; 13. Emergency shut-off valve. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1-6 and Figures 8-10 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a hydrogen storage equipment leak prevention device, including a control system and a protective shell 3. The protective shell 3 is composed of multiple detachable and fixed shells connected together, and the protective shell 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the hydrogen storage tank 1. The hydrogen outlet pipe 2 for hydrogen output, which is fixed on the top of the hydrogen storage tank 1, and the valve 13 and emergency shut-off valve 14 installed on the pipe body of the hydrogen outlet pipe 2 are all located inside the protective shell 3. In this way, when cracks or loosening occur at the connection between the hydrogen outlet pipe 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1, or at the connection between the valve 13 and the emergency shut-off valve 14 and the hydrogen outlet pipe 2, the leaked hydrogen will enter the inner cavity of the protective shell 3. The valve stem of the valve 13 extends out of the protective shell 3, and the opening and closing of the valve 13 is controlled by the valve stem. In the event of a collision or when the system detects a major fault, the emergency shut-off valve 14 is controlled by the control system to close quickly, thereby instantly cutting off the hydrogen supply.

[0025] A pressure monitor 401 and a hydrogen monitor 402 are installed on the top of the protective shell 3. The pressure monitor 401 and the hydrogen monitor 402 monitor the gas pressure and hydrogen content inside the protective shell 3, respectively. In addition, an audible and visual alarm (not shown in the figure) is installed on the top of the hydrogen storage tank 1, in the fire control room, or in the duty room. The audible and visual alarm, the pressure monitor 401, and the hydrogen monitor 402 are electrically connected to the control system. That is, when the gas pressure or hydrogen content inside the protective shell 3 exceeds the preset threshold, the pressure monitor 401 and the hydrogen monitor 402 transmit signals to the control system, and the control system immediately triggers the audible and visual alarm, thereby reminding the staff to start emergency measures.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, an air extraction device is provided on the top of the protective shell 3. This device includes an extraction pipe 501 fixedly connected to the protective shell 3. The pipe 501 is connected to a first one-way valve 503. In use, a vacuum pump is connected to the extraction pipe 501, and the vacuum pump is started. Air is extracted from the inner cavity of the protective shell 3 through the extraction pipe 501 until the inner cavity of the protective shell 3 is in a vacuum state. The first one-way valve 503 prevents air from flowing back into the protective shell 3. It is known that when cracks or loosening occur at the connection between the hydrogen outlet pipe 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1, or at the connection between the valve 13 and the emergency shut-off valve 14 and the hydrogen outlet pipe 2, leaked hydrogen will enter the inner cavity of the protective shell 3, increasing the pressure inside the protective shell 3. As the pressure increases, hydrogen will be extracted through the extraction pipe 501. The gas pipe 501 and the first one-way valve 503 are discharged to the outside. To prevent hydrogen from being directly released into the atmosphere and causing safety hazards, in this solution, a gas blocking pipe 502 is detachably and fixedly connected to one side of the gas extraction pipe 501 via a flange, and a second one-way valve 504 is connected to the pipe body of the gas blocking pipe 502. It is known that the gas conduction directions of the first one-way valve 503 and the second one-way valve 504 are opposite. When the inner cavity of the protective shell 3 is evacuated to a vacuum state, the gas blocking pipe 502 is connected to the gas extraction pipe 501. In this way, when the leaked hydrogen enters the inner cavity of the protective shell 3 and increases the gas pressure inside the protective shell 3, the second one-way valve 504 is in the closed state, so that the hydrogen cannot be discharged from the gas blocking pipe 502, thus preventing the hydrogen from being released into the atmosphere.

[0027] To supplement the above, during operation, pressure monitor 401 and hydrogen monitor 402 monitor the gas pressure and hydrogen content inside the protective shell 3, respectively. Since the inner cavity of the protective shell 3 is under negative pressure, when air enters the protective shell 3 due to poor sealing, pressure monitor 401 will detect an increase in gas pressure, while hydrogen monitor 402 will detect a hydrogen content below the threshold. The detection signal is transmitted to the control system, which immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm to remind personnel to check the sealing of the protective shell 3. Similarly, when the hydrogen outlet pipe 2 connects to the hydrogen storage tank 1, When a crack or loosening occurs at the connection between valve 13 and emergency shut-off valve 14 and hydrogen outlet pipe 2, causing hydrogen leakage, the hydrogen content inside protective housing 3 will rise rapidly. After the hydrogen monitor 402 detects that the hydrogen content exceeds the preset threshold, it transmits a signal to the control system. The control system immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm to remind staff to take emergency measures, such as closing relevant valves and starting the emergency ventilation system. On the other hand, the control system can control the emergency shut-off valve 14 to close quickly according to a preset program to cut off the hydrogen supply and prevent or reduce hydrogen leakage.

[0028] In this scheme, the protective shell 3 is evacuated to create a negative pressure environment. This allows leaked hydrogen to be quickly drawn into the protective shell 3 due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the shell when cracks or loosening occur at the connection between the hydrogen outlet pipe 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1, or at the connection between valve 13 and emergency shut-off valve 14 and the hydrogen outlet pipe 2. This enables rapid detection of leaks and prevents hydrogen from spreading to the surrounding environment, reducing the risk of explosions or fires caused by hydrogen leaks. Furthermore, the negative pressure environment helps the pressure monitor 401 detect air entering due to poor sealing earlier, allowing for timely detection of potential sealing problems in the protective shell 3 and providing more time for personnel to handle the situation, thus ensuring the safe operation of the hydrogen storage equipment.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a bypass pipe 6 is fixedly connected to one side of the hydrogen outlet pipe 2 located at the bottom of valve 13 and emergency shut-off valve 14. That is, the bypass pipe 6 is located at the very bottom of the hydrogen outlet pipe 2. It is understood that when a fire occurs, valve 13 and emergency shut-off valve 14 will close. Due to the pressure rise in the hydrogen storage tank 1, if the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 1 is not released in time, a physical explosion of the hydrogen storage tank 1 may occur. The bypass pipe 6 can avoid the shut-off effect of valve 13 and emergency shut-off valve 14 on the hydrogen outlet pipe 2, and achieve pressure relief.

[0030] The specific depressurization method is as follows: a heat exchanger 7 is connected to the bypass pipe 6. A connecting pipe is connected between the outlet side of the heat exchanger 7 and the inner cavity of the protective shell 3. After the heat exchanger 7 is opened due to high temperature, the hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen storage tank 1 will enter the inner cavity of the protective shell 3. Figure 3 , Figure 5 andFigure 6 As shown, in a specific embodiment of this solution, the heat exchanger 7 includes a circular outer shell 701, a socket block 702 with a slot fixed at the bottom of the outer shell 701, a vertical semi-circular plate 703 fixed in the top cavity of the outer shell 701, a heat-conducting block 704 integrally formed at the top of the vertical semi-circular plate 703 extending out of the outer shell 701, an insert plate 711 integrally formed at the bottom of the vertical semi-circular plate 703, and several through holes 705 formed on the plate body of the insert plate 711. A thermoplastic alloy sleeve 7 is fixed on the outside of the insert plate 711. 06, and the hot-melt alloy sleeve 706 is adapted to the slot, that is, the inner cavity of the outer shell 701 is sealed by the socket block 702, the vertical semi-circular plate 703 and the hot-melt alloy sleeve 706. In another embodiment of this solution, in order to save materials and improve response speed, the hot-melt alloy sleeve 706 is not provided, but a hot-melt alloy block 712 is fixed in the through hole 705. At this time, the insert plate 711 is adapted to the slot, that is, under normal conditions, the inner cavity of the outer shell 701 is sealed by the socket block 702, the vertical semi-circular plate 703 and the insert plate 711.

[0031] In this design, the hot-melt alloy can be a bismuth-tin-indium series lead-free alloy, Cerrolow 136 alloy, or Cerrotru / Lichtenberg alloy with a melting point in the range of 110-140°. The heat-conducting block 704 is made of a metal material with high heat resistance and thermal conductivity, such as copper or aluminum. The function of the heat-conducting block 704 is to quickly conduct the high temperature from the outside to the hot-melt alloy part. When the insert plate 711 reaches the melting point of the hot-melt alloy, the hot-melt alloy will melt rapidly, making the originally blocked through hole 705 open. The hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 1 can enter the inner cavity of the protective shell 3 through these through holes 705 via the heat exchanger 7 and the connecting pipe.

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown, a pressure relief component 11 is provided on the top of the protective shell 3, wherein, as Figure 9 As shown, the pressure relief component 11 includes a fixed pipe 111 that is fixedly connected to the protective shell 3. A mounting shell 112 is formed on the top of the fixed pipe 111, and a rupture disc 113 is fixed on the top of the mounting shell 112. As the pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank 1 gradually increases due to the high external temperature, the high-pressure hydrogen gas enters the inner cavity of the protective shell 3, which increases the pressure inside the protective shell 3. When the gas pressure inside the protective shell 3 rises sharply as a result, the rupture disc 113 will rupture at a preset pressure value, thereby rapidly releasing the pressure inside the protective shell 3 and thus releasing the pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank 1.

[0033] It is known that if the depressurized hydrogen is directly released into the environment, it may cause a hazard due to the hydrogen mixing with air and reaching the explosion limit. To solve this problem, this device is equipped with a hydrogen elimination device 12. The hydrogen discharged from the depressurization component 11 undergoes catalytic oxidation through the hydrogen elimination device 12, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the hydrogen elimination device 12 is fixedly connected to the pressure relief component 11 via the pressure relief pipe 121. When the rupture disc 113 ruptures, the high-pressure hydrogen gas first enters the pressure relief pipe 121, and then enters the negative pressure pipe 123 through the first reducing pipe 122. The suction pipe 126 fixed at the top of the negative pressure pipe 123 is connected to the outside. A buffer shell 127 and a first flame arrester 128 are sequentially arranged on the body of the suction pipe 126. The buffer shell 127 and the first flame arrester 128 respectively play the roles of stabilizing the airflow and preventing flame backlash. The first filter screen inside the buffer shell 127 can intercept impurities in the air to prevent impurities from clogging the relevant components of the hydrogen elimination device 12. The second reducing pipe 124 and the expansion pipe 125 formed on the side of the negative pressure pipe 123 are used to adjust the airflow speed. In this scheme, the first reducing pipe 124... The inner diameter of the outlet of the first reducing pipe 122 and the inner diameter of the inlet of the second reducing pipe 124 are aligned. The inner diameter of the outlet of the first reducing pipe 122 is larger than the inner diameter of the inlet of the second reducing pipe 124. The inner diameter of the expanding pipe 125 is 3-5 times the inner diameter of the outlet of the first reducing pipe 122. Thus, when hydrogen is rapidly discharged through the first reducing pipe 122, the cavity formed by the first reducing pipe 122 and the negative pressure pipe 123 is in a negative pressure state. This allows outside air to be drawn into the cavity formed by the first reducing pipe 122 and the negative pressure pipe 123 through the suction pipe 126, thereby mixing with hydrogen. To improve the mixing efficiency, a gas mixer 129 is connected to the side of the expanding pipe 125. The unique internal baffle structure of the gas mixer 129 enables the air and hydrogen to be mixed quickly and uniformly.

[0034] A hydrogen eliminator 130 and an exhaust pipe 132 are sequentially arranged on the outside of the gas mixer 129. A second flame arrester 131 is connected to the exhaust pipe 132 to prevent flame backflow into the hydrogen eliminator 12. A hydrogen eliminator pipe 1301 is installed inside the hydrogen eliminator 130. Figure 10 As shown, the hydrogen elimination tube 1301 is filled with a porous catalyst block 1302. The porous catalyst block 1302 is made of a catalyst that can catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. The catalyst can be a precious metal such as platinum or palladium, or its oxide, or other composite materials with catalytic activity. When the mixed hydrogen and air pass through the hydrogen elimination tube 1301, under the action of the porous catalyst block 1302, the hydrogen and oxygen in the air quickly undergo a catalytic oxidation reaction to produce water. Due to the external temperature and the high temperature generated during catalysis, the water produced finally forms water vapor and is discharged through the exhaust pipe 132, thereby eliminating the safety hazard caused by hydrogen leakage. The second filter screen 1303 is set to prevent impurities in the outside air from entering the hydrogen elimination tube 1301 and clogging the porous catalyst block 1302 when the device is not started.

[0035] In addition, such as Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, to prevent partially molten hot-melt alloy particles from flowing with high-pressure hydrogen into the hydrogen elimination device 12 and clogging the through-hole 705 or the porous catalyst block 1302, this solution provides several receiving grooves 707 on the bottom wall of the outer shell 701 located on both sides of the insert plate 711. An upwardly expanding guide surface is formed at the top of the receiving groove 707, and several cracks are formed on the side wall of the receiving groove 707. In this way, the molten hot-melt alloy will enter the receiving groove 707 for storage through the guide surface. The setting of cracks improves the adhesion between the molten hot-melt alloy and the receiving groove 707, so that the liquid alloy adheres tightly to the groove wall of the receiving groove 707.

[0036] In addition, to prevent partially molten hot-melt alloy particles from flowing with high-pressure hydrogen into the hydrogen elimination device 12, this solution also includes a second line of defense. An oblique annular baffle 708 is fixed to the inner wall of the outlet side of the outer shell 701. An inwardly curved beak plate 7081 is formed on the plate of the oblique annular baffle 708. A collection pipe 709 is fixed to the outside of the oblique annular baffle 708, and an inlet 710 is formed on the side of the collection pipe 709 facing the oblique annular baffle 708. In this way, when the molten hot-melt alloy particles flow with high-pressure hydrogen to the outlet side of the outer shell 701, the partially molten hot-melt alloy particles will adhere to the surface of the oblique annular baffle 708. Under the obstruction of the beak plate 7081, the molten hot-melt alloy particles will gather, and the formed hot-melt alloy droplets will enter the collection pipe 709 through the outer shell 701 for collection.

[0037] Furthermore, to prevent partially molten hot-melt alloy particles from flowing into the hydrogen elimination device 12 along with high-pressure hydrogen gas, a third line of defense is provided in addition to the second line of defense. This third line of defense includes an outlet pipe 8 fixedly connected to the outlet side of the heat exchanger 7 and an inlet pipe 10 fixedly connected to the hydrogen storage tank 1. A sedimentation tank 9 is positioned between the outlet pipe 8 and the inlet pipe 10. A sedimentation pool 901 is formed at the bottom of the sedimentation tank 9. The outlet pipe 8, extending into the sedimentation tank 9, faces upwards and forms a gap with the side wall of the sedimentation tank 9. A certain tangential angle is used to blow hydrogen into the deposition tank 9 at a specific angle, causing it to spiral upwards and exit through the inlet pipe 10. Specifically, when high-pressure hydrogen containing molten hot-melt alloy particles enters the deposition tank 9, the outlet pipe 8 faces upwards and forms a tangential angle with the side wall of the deposition tank 9. The hydrogen then spirals upwards along the inner wall of the deposition tank 9. The centrifugal force generated by this spiral airflow causes the larger molten hot-melt alloy particles to be thrown against the inner wall of the deposition tank 9 and fall into the bottom deposition pool 901 under gravity. Additionally, as... Figure 8As shown, a number of circumferentially arrayed guide channels 902 are provided on the side wall of the deposition tank 9. Each guide channel 902 includes a first opening located on one side of the inner cavity of the deposition tank 9 and a second opening connected to the first opening. The width of the first opening is smaller than the width of the second opening. The arrangement of the first and second openings forms a structure that first converges and then expands. When the spiraling hydrogen gas flows through the guide channel 902, it will accelerate at the first opening and the pressure in the second opening will decrease, generating a local negative pressure zone. This negative pressure effect can more effectively draw the tiny alloy particles rotating near the inner wall of the deposition tank 9 into the guide channel 902. As the airflow expands and slows down at the second opening, the reduced flow velocity causes the drawn-in alloy particles to separate from the airflow due to inertia, impact and deposit in the expansion cavity of the guide channel 902, and finally slide down the inner wall of the guide channel 902 under the action of gravity to the bottom deposition pool 901. Through the synergistic effect of these three lines of defense, the molten hot alloy particles are effectively prevented from entering the hydrogen elimination device 12, ensuring the safe operation of the device.

[0038] Working principle: After the device is installed, the air inside the protective shell 3 is extracted by a vacuum pump until the inner cavity of the protective shell 3 is in a vacuum state. Then, the gas-blocking pipe 502 is firmly connected to the gas extraction pipe 501 to ensure the airtightness of the entire device. During daily operation, the pressure monitor 401 and the hydrogen monitor 402 continuously monitor the gas pressure and hydrogen content inside the protective shell 3 in real time. Once air enters the protective shell 3 due to sealing problems, the pressure monitor 401 will immediately detect the gas pressure rise. At the same time, if the hydrogen monitor 402 detects that the hydrogen content is lower than the threshold, it will transmit a signal to the control system. After receiving the signal, the control system will quickly trigger the audible and visual alarm to remind the staff to check and repair the sealing problem of the protective shell 3 in time.

[0039] If a crack or loosening occurs at the connection between the hydrogen outlet pipe 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1, or at the connection between valve 13 or emergency shut-off valve 14 and the hydrogen outlet pipe 2, resulting in hydrogen leakage, the hydrogen content inside the protective shell 3 will rise rapidly. Once the hydrogen monitor 402 detects that the hydrogen content exceeds a preset threshold, it immediately transmits a signal to the control system. The control system, on the one hand, triggers an audible and visual alarm to remind personnel to take emergency measures, such as closing relevant valves or activating the emergency ventilation system; on the other hand, the control system controls the emergency shut-off valve 14 to close rapidly according to a preset program, cutting off the hydrogen supply.

[0040] In special circumstances, such as a fire, the emergency shut-off valve 14 will close (existing technology). Due to the increased pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank 1, if it is not discharged in time, it may cause the material in the hydrogen storage tank 1 to explode. At this time, the bypass pipe 6 plays a pressure relief role. When the heat exchanger 7 is turned on due to high temperature, the hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen storage tank 1 enters the inner cavity of the protective shell 3 through the bypass pipe 6 and the connecting pipe. As the gas pressure inside the protective shell 3 rises sharply, the rupture disc 113 in the pressure relief component 11 ruptures at the preset pressure value, releasing the pressure inside the protective shell 3, thereby achieving pressure relief inside the hydrogen storage tank 1. The pressure is released, and the depressurized hydrogen enters the hydrogen elimination device 12 through the pressure relief pipe 121. In the hydrogen elimination device 12, the hydrogen and the air drawn in through the intake pipe 126 are quickly and evenly mixed in the gas mixer 129. The mixed gas enters the hydrogen elimination component 130. Under the action of the porous catalyst block 1302 in the hydrogen elimination pipe 1301, the hydrogen and oxygen in the air undergo a rapid catalytic oxidation reaction to generate water, which is finally discharged in the form of water vapor through the exhaust pipe 132, thereby completely eliminating the safety hazards caused by hydrogen leakage.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended embodiments and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A leak-proof device for a hydrogen storage equipment, comprising a control system and a protective shell (3), wherein the protective shell (3) is fixedly installed on the top of a hydrogen storage tank (1), and a hydrogen outlet pipe (2) fixedly connected to the top of the hydrogen storage tank (1), as well as a valve (13) and an emergency shut-off valve (14) installed on the pipe body of the hydrogen outlet pipe (2), are all located inside the protective shell (3), characterized in that: The protective shell (3) is equipped with a pressure monitor (401) and a hydrogen monitor (402) on its top. The pressure monitor (401) and the hydrogen monitor (402) monitor the gas pressure and hydrogen content inside the protective shell (3) respectively. The top of the protective shell (3) is equipped with an air extraction device, which is used to evacuate the inner cavity of the protective shell (3); A bypass pipe (6) is fixedly connected to one side of the hydrogen outlet pipe (2) located at the bottom of valve (13) and emergency shut-off valve (14). A heat exchanger (7) is connected to the pipe body of the bypass pipe (6). A connecting pipe is connected between the outlet side of the heat exchanger (7) and the inner cavity of the protective shell (3). The protective shell (3) is provided with a pressure relief component (11) on the top, and a hydrogen elimination device (12) is provided on the top of the pressure relief component (11). The hydrogen gas discharged from the pressure relief component (11) is catalytically oxidized by the hydrogen elimination device (12).

2. The hydrogen storage equipment leak prevention device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air extraction component includes an air extraction pipe (501) that is fixedly connected to the protective shell (3). A gas blocking pipe (502) is detachably and fixedly connected to one side of the air extraction pipe (501). A first one-way valve (503) and a second one-way valve (504) are respectively connected to the pipe bodies of the air extraction pipe (501) and the gas blocking pipe (502).

3. The leak-proof device for hydrogen storage equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger (7) includes a housing (701), a socket block (702) is fixed at the bottom of the housing (701), and a slot is provided at the top of the socket block (702); A vertical semicircular plate (703) is fixed inside the top cavity of the outer shell (701), and a heat-conducting block (704) is integrally formed at the top of the vertical semicircular plate (703) extending out of the outer shell (701). The bottom end of the vertical semi-circular plate (703) is integrally formed with a plug plate (711). The plug plate (711) has several through holes (705) on its body. A hot melt alloy sleeve (706) is fixed on the outside of the plug plate (711). The hot melt alloy sleeve (706) is compatible with the slot.

4. The leak-proof device for hydrogen storage equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger (7) includes a housing (701), a socket block (702) is fixed at the bottom of the housing (701), and a slot is provided at the top of the socket block (702); A vertical semicircular plate (703) is fixed inside the top cavity of the outer shell (701), and a heat-conducting block (704) is integrally formed at the top of the vertical semicircular plate (703) extending out of the outer shell (701). The bottom of the vertical semi-circular plate (703) is integrally formed with a insert plate (711). The insert plate (711) has several through holes (705) on its body. A hot melt alloy block (712) is fixed in the through hole (705). The insert plate (711) is compatible with the slot.

5. A leak-proof device for hydrogen storage equipment according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: Several mounting slots (707) are provided on the bottom wall of the outer shell (701) located on both sides of the insert plate (711). The top of the receiving groove (707) has an upwardly expanding guide surface.

6. A leak-proof device for hydrogen storage equipment according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: An oblique annular baffle (708) is fixed on the inner wall of the air outlet side of the outer shell (701), and an inwardly curved beak plate (7081) is formed on the plate of the oblique annular baffle (708). A collection pipe (709) is fixed on the outside of the inclined annular baffle (708), and a feed inlet (710) is formed on the side of the collection pipe (709) facing the inclined annular baffle (708).

7. A leak-proof device for hydrogen storage equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting pipe includes an outlet pipe (8) fixedly connected to the outlet side of the heat exchanger (7) and an inlet pipe (10) fixedly connected to the hydrogen storage tank (1). A sedimentation tank (9) is provided between the outlet pipe (8) and the inlet pipe (10). A tangential inlet is formed between the outlet pipe (8) extending into the sedimentation tank (9) and the side wall of the sedimentation tank (9), so that the gas is blown into the sedimentation tank (9) at a certain angle and rises spirally. A sedimentation pool (901) is formed at the bottom of the sedimentation tank (9).

8. A leak-proof device for hydrogen storage equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The side wall of the sedimentation tank (9) is provided with a plurality of guide channels (902) arranged in a circular array. The guide channels (902) include a first opening and a second opening, the width of the first opening being smaller than the width of the second opening.

9. A leak-proof device for hydrogen storage equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen elimination device (12) includes a pressure relief pipe (121), which is fixedly connected to the pressure relief component (11). A first variable diameter pipe (122) is formed on the outlet side of the pressure relief pipe (121), and a negative pressure pipe (123) is fixed on the outside of the first variable diameter pipe (122). A suction pipe (126) is fixedly connected to the top of the negative pressure pipe (123). The intake pipe (126) is connected in sequence to a buffer shell (127) and a first flame arrester (128). Several first filters are fixed inside the buffer shell (127). The negative pressure pipe (123) has a second reducing pipe (124) and an expanding pipe (125) formed sequentially on its side. A gas mixer (129), a hydrogen elimination component (130), and an exhaust pipe (132) are fixed sequentially on the side of the expansion pipe (125). A second flame arrester (131) is connected to the body of the exhaust pipe (132).

10. A leak-proof device for hydrogen storage equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The hydrogen elimination component (130) includes a hydrogen elimination tube (1301), and a porous catalyst block (1302) and a second filter screen (1303) are sequentially fixed inside the tube of the hydrogen elimination tube (1301).

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