Sample detection method and system for ratchet wheel preparation

Abstract

The invention discloses a sample detection method and system for ratchet wheel preparation, and relates to the technical field of ratchet wheel tooth profile detection.The method comprises the following steps that current detection ratchet wheel data including the shape and size of a ratchet wheel and the tooth profile error range are collected, a current machined ratchet wheel standard part is constructed according to a ratchet wheel standard shape and size sample, and the ratchet wheel standard part is obtained; constructing a standard detection light profile along the edge profile of the currently processed ratchet standard component in combination with detection light source parameters and the center point of the standard component; and carrying out vertical ratchet tooth form coverage irradiation on the standard detection light contour of the to-be-detected ratchet sample based on the central point, collecting a residual standard detection light contour image through a receiving plate, and carrying out residual diameter calculation on the residual standard detection light contour image to identify an abnormal ratchet test piece. According to the invention, through a standardized and intelligent detection means, rapid one-by-one determination of tooth profile errors is realized, the consistency of product quality is guaranteed, and the smoothness of a production process is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ratchet tooth profile detection technology, and more specifically, to a sample detection method and system for ratchet preparation. Background Technology

[0002] As a key basic component in mechanical transmission systems, the tooth profile accuracy of ratchet directly determines transmission efficiency, load-bearing capacity and service life. As industrial manufacturing develops towards high precision and high reliability, the market has put forward more stringent requirements for the quality consistency and stability of ratchet products. Traditional ratchet tooth profile inspection relies heavily on manual inspection using go / no-go gauges. This method lacks specific inspection standards and efficient inspection solutions tailored to the characteristics of ratchet teeth. Manual inspection is significantly affected by subjective factors such as operator experience and visual fatigue, resulting in inconsistent and incomparable results. It also makes it difficult to guarantee the tooth profile accuracy of the same batch of products and can easily lead to misjudgments causing defective products to enter subsequent production stages or the market, posing safety hazards to the operation of end-user equipment. Furthermore, manual inspection is time-consuming and often relies on sampling, failing to meet the need for comprehensive inspection across the entire production line, thus exhibiting low practicality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems in the related technologies, the present invention proposes a sample testing method and system for ratchet preparation, so as to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

[0004] Therefore, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for testing a sample used in ratchet preparation, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Collect the current ratchet data, including the shape and size of the ratchet and the tooth error range. Construct the current ratchet standard part based on the standard shape and size sample of the ratchet. Construct the standard detection light profile along the edge contour of the current ratchet standard part, combined with the detection light source parameters and the center point of the standard part. S2. The ratchet sample to be tested is irradiated with the standard test light profile perpendicular to the ratchet tooth shape based on the center point. The residual standard test light profile image is collected by the receiving plate. The residual diameter is calculated from the residual standard test light profile image to identify abnormal ratchet samples.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, S1 includes the following steps: S11. For the current order, the ratchet is processed. The dimensional parameters of the ratchet are collected to obtain the shape and size of the ratchet and the tooth profile error range. Based on the standard shape and size sample of the ratchet, a standard part of the ratchet is constructed to obtain the tooth profile of the standard part. S12. Collect the current detection light source parameters, set the single-beam detection light source profile diameter based on the tooth profile error range of the current machined ratchet, establish a coordinate system according to the tooth profile of the current machined ratchet standard part, set the center coordinates of the detection light source with the edge of the tooth profile, arrange the detection light sources at intervals n to obtain the standard detection light profile and its coordinate group, and associate the coordinate group with the center point coordinates of the current machined ratchet standard part.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, S11 includes the following steps: S111. For the current order, process the ratchet by collecting the dimensional parameters, shape dimensions, and tooth profile error range of the ratchet through the drawings. The shape dimensions include the basic dimensions and tooth profile parameters. The tooth profile error range is the maximum and minimum limit dimensions of the ratchet tooth profile. S112. Using drawing software, draw the standard part of the ratchet based on the basic dimensions of the current ratchet being processed, and extract the tooth profile curve of the standard part of the ratchet being processed as the tooth profile contour of the standard part of the current ratchet being processed.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, S12 includes the following steps: S121, Based on the tooth profile error range of the currently machined ratchet. Set the profile diameter of the single-beam detection light source. ,in , , These represent the maximum and minimum limit dimensions of the currently machined ratchet tooth profile, respectively, where K is a constant. S122. Using the center point O of the currently machined ratchet standard part as the origin of the coordinate system, establish a rectangular coordinate system, with the horizontal direction as the x-axis and the vertical direction as the y-axis. Arrange the centers of the detection light sources on the standard tooth profile according to the arc length interval n, and obtain the total number N of the arranged detection light sources. L represents the total arc length of the profile. Based on the established rectangular coordinate system, the coordinates of the center of each detection light source are calculated sequentially to obtain the coordinate set of the standard detection light profile. ; S123, Coordinate set based on standard detection light profile , where each point The position vector relative to the origin O is During detection, O is used as the reference point, and the reference point is associated with the coordinate group.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, S2 includes the following steps: S21. Establish a coordinate system with the center point of the ratchet sample to be tested as the origin. Based on the association between the coordinate system and the reference point, use the origin as the reference point on the ratchet sample to be tested to determine the standard detection light profile coordinates. Irradiate the ratchet sample to be tested vertically and receive the standard detection light profile image through the receiving plate. S22. Collect residual standard detection light profile images, perform edge recognition on the residual standard detection light profile images, calculate the residual diameter of the standard detection light profile images, and combine the upper and lower limits of the tooth profile error range to determine the anomaly of the ratchet sample to be tested.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, S21 includes the following steps: S211, using the center point of the ratchet sample to be tested Establish a rectangular coordinate system with the origin, based on the coordinate system The relationship with the reference point O transforms the coordinates of the standard test light profile to the coordinate system of the ratchet sample to be tested, from the center O of the standard part to the center of the sample to be tested. If the translation vector is T, then the coordinates of the center of the detection light source on the sample to be tested are... Make T=0 to ensure O and coincide; S212. Illuminate vertically from above the tooth profile of the ratchet sample to be tested, so that the center of the detection light source is located at... At the coordinate point, each light source generates a circular light spot with a diameter of d. The light spot of the light source that is not blocked by the ratchet is received by the receiving plate to form a residual standard detection light contour image. The residual standard detection light contour image on the receiving plate is then captured by a camera.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, S22 includes the following steps: S221. Based on the acquired residual standard detection light profile image, the center point of the ratchet sample to be tested... A rectangular coordinate system is established with the origin in the acquired residual standard detection light contour image. The contour is identified by the edge detection algorithm and the coordinates of the identified contour in the rectangular coordinate system are obtained. S222. For each detection light source i, use the standard tooth profile at the corresponding point. Normal direction at the location As the measurement direction, by detecting the center of the light source. Normal direction straight line Find the straight line Two intersection points with the boundary of the light spot and and based on the intersection and The residual diameter at the current detection position is obtained by calculating the coordinates. The specific steps are as follows: Based on the parametric equation of the tooth profile curve and Calculate the tangent vector and normal vector , where the normal vector for or Normalize the normal vector to ensure that the normal vector points to the air side; Further construct the measurement straight line , where t represents the base point Along the normal direction The directed distance of movement, Its weight , ,in Representative point coordinates Represents the unit normal vector The amount; For each boundary point Calculate projection parameters According to the extreme value parameter as well as Calculate the intersection point as well as ,in: ; ; According to the Euclidean distance formula, based on the intersection point... as well as The residual diameter is obtained by coordinate calculation. ; S223, Based on residual diameter Based on the tooth profile error limit value, anomaly determination is performed on the detection points, specifically including the following steps: when When the time is right, it means the current testing site is functioning normally; when or When this time, it indicates that the current detection point is abnormal; All test points are evaluated, and if any test point is found to be abnormal, the current ratchet sample is marked as an abnormal part.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, S221 includes the following steps: S2211. Using a defined origin as a reference, establish a Cartesian coordinate system in the acquired residual standard detection light contour image, with the horizontal direction as the x-axis and the vertical direction as the y-axis. Use the Sobel operator to identify the light contour in the image, and use a Gaussian filter to smooth the image. Calculate the gradient of each pixel in the x and y directions for the smoothed image. Obtain the gradient magnitude and gradient direction through gradient calculation, where the gradient magnitude represents the edge intensity and the gradient direction represents the edge direction. Refine the edges using non-maximum suppression, and mark edge points using double thresholding. Map the points on the identified contour to the established Cartesian coordinate system to obtain the coordinates of each point on the identified contour in that coordinate system.

[0012] A sample testing system for ratchet preparation includes a data acquisition module, a light source profile establishment module, and a ratchet tooth profile detection module; The data acquisition module collects the dimensional parameters of the ratchet for the current order, and obtains the shape and dimensions of the ratchet and the tooth profile error range. The light source contour establishment module uses drawing software to draw the standard ratchet part based on the basic dimensions of the currently processed ratchet, and extracts the tooth profile curve of the standard ratchet part as the standard tooth profile contour of the currently processed ratchet. It collects the parameters of the current detection light source, sets the diameter of the single-beam detection light source contour based on the tooth profile error range of the currently processed ratchet, establishes a coordinate system based on the tooth profile contour of the currently processed ratchet part, sets the center coordinates of the detection light source with the edge of the tooth profile contour, arranges the detection light sources at intervals of n to obtain the standard detection light profile and its coordinate group, and associates the coordinate group with the center point coordinates of the currently processed ratchet part. The ratchet tooth profile detection module illuminates the ratchet sample to be tested with a standard detection light profile perpendicular to the ratchet tooth profile based on the center point, collects residual standard detection light profile images through a receiving plate, and calculates the residual diameter of the residual standard detection light profile images to identify abnormal ratchet samples.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention constructs a standard ratchet part based on the basic dimensions of the ratchet tooth profile, sets the detection light source profile based on the current ratchet tooth profile error range, and quickly judges the ratchet tooth profile error one by one by the subsequent ratchet samples based on the residual diameter projected by the detection light source, so as to discover abnormal ratchet samples, prevent unqualified products from entering the subsequent production process or the market, improve the overall quality of the product, and enhance its practicality. This invention establishes a unified testing standard based on standard ratchet components and the profile of the detection light source, which ensures consistency and comparability in the testing of each ratchet sample. This helps to guarantee the consistency of the tooth profile of ratchets produced in the same batch, making the product quality more stable. This invention can quickly determine the ratchet tooth profile error by detecting the residual diameter projected by the light source, simplifying the detection process and improving detection efficiency. It can enable ratchets on the production line to pass through the detection stage faster, reduce the dwell time of products in the detection stage, and thus improve the smoothness of the entire production process. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a sample testing method for ratchet preparation according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a sample testing system for ratchet preparation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention. These drawings are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these drawings, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0017] According to embodiments of the present invention, a sample testing method and system for ratchet preparation are provided.

[0018] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0019] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a sample testing method for ratchet preparation includes the following steps: S1. Collect the current ratchet data, including the shape and size of the ratchet and the tooth error range. Construct the current ratchet standard part based on the standard shape and size sample of the ratchet. Construct the standard detection light profile along the edge contour of the current ratchet standard part, combined with the detection light source parameters and the center point of the standard part. S11. For the current order, the ratchet is processed. The dimensional parameters of the ratchet are collected to obtain the shape and size of the ratchet and the tooth profile error range. Based on the standard shape and size sample of the ratchet, a standard part of the ratchet is constructed to obtain the tooth profile of the standard part. S111. For the current order, process the ratchet by collecting the dimensional parameters, shape dimensions, and tooth profile error range of the ratchet through the drawings. The shape dimensions include the basic dimensions and tooth profile parameters. The tooth profile error range is the maximum and minimum limit dimensions of the ratchet tooth profile. It should be noted that the basic dimensions further include the outer diameter, inner diameter, and tooth width of the currently machined ratchet, and the tooth profile parameters include the number of teeth, module, and pressure angle. These parameters can be obtained from the design drawings, technical requirements, and other relevant information of the currently machined ratchet.

[0020] S112. Using drawing software, draw the standard part of the ratchet based on the basic dimensions of the current ratchet being processed, and extract the tooth profile curve of the standard part of the ratchet being processed as the tooth profile contour of the standard part of the current ratchet being processed.

[0021] It should be noted that the specific drawing software needs to be selected according to the design habits in different actual application environments. It usually includes AutoCAD, SolidWorks, UG, etc. According to the collected machining ratchet size parameters, input the basic parameters such as number of teeth, module, pressure angle, etc., and draw the machining ratchet standard part through the basic dimensions. This can facilitate the establishment of standard inspection light profiles in the later stage, and facilitate the identification of ratchet samples that do not meet the maximum and minimum limit dimensions in subsequent production.

[0022] S12. Collect the current detection light source parameters, set the single-beam detection light source profile diameter based on the tooth profile error range of the current machined ratchet, establish a coordinate system according to the tooth profile of the current machined ratchet standard part, set the center coordinates of the detection light source with the edge of the tooth profile, arrange the detection light sources at intervals n to obtain the standard detection light profile and its coordinate group, and associate the coordinate group with the center point coordinates of the current machined ratchet standard part. S121, Based on the tooth profile error range of the currently machined ratchet. Set the profile diameter of the single-beam detection light source. ,in , , These represent the maximum and minimum limit dimensions of the currently machined ratchet tooth profile, respectively, where K is a constant. It should be noted that the sensitivity of the detection can be adjusted by using a constant k to ensure that tooth profile error can be effectively detected. Usually, k is set to 2, which can avoid the obstruction of the detection light source due to excessive tooth profile error, and can also effectively detect the position of the current ratchet tooth profile that is not within the range of tooth profile error. k can also be adjusted according to the current ratchet's historical error. The detection light source is a laser. The laser has a single wavelength and a narrow spectral linewidth, which can avoid errors caused by the refraction and interference of light of different wavelengths. It forms a clear light spot, which is convenient for accurately measuring the light spot size and makes the detection results more reliable.

[0023] S122. Using the center point O of the currently machined ratchet standard part as the origin of the coordinate system, establish a rectangular coordinate system, with the horizontal direction as the x-axis and the vertical direction as the y-axis. Arrange the centers of the detection light sources on the standard tooth profile according to the arc length interval n, and obtain the total number N of the arranged detection light sources. L represents the total arc length of the profile. Based on the established rectangular coordinate system, the coordinates of the center of each detection light source are calculated sequentially to obtain the coordinate set of the standard detection light profile. ; It should be noted that the standard tooth profile for ratchet teeth refers to... It can be defined by parametric equations, with the arc length s as the parameter. Where s extends from 0 to the total arc length L of the profile, with the center point O of the currently machined ratchet standard part as the origin of the coordinate system. The center point is usually the geometric center of the ratchet, which can be determined by the ratchet's design drawings or by measuring its outer diameter, inner diameter, and other dimensions. The arc length interval n needs to be determined in conjunction with the tooth profile error range, and is usually set to... It can also be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0024] S123, Coordinate set based on standard detection light profile , where each point The position vector relative to the origin O is During detection, O is used as the reference point, and the reference point is associated with the coordinate group.

[0025] It should be noted that center point O serves as the common reference point for both the standard part and the actual ratchet. During subsequent inspection, the actual ratchet is placed in the same position as the standard part, meaning its center is aligned with point O, ensuring the coordinate system... The projection is mapped onto the tooth profile of the actual ratchet to be detected, avoiding detection errors caused by positional offset.

[0026] S2. The ratchet sample to be tested is illuminated with a vertical ratchet tooth profile based on the center point of the standard detection light profile. The residual standard detection light profile image is collected by the receiving plate, and the residual diameter is calculated from the residual standard detection light profile image to identify abnormal ratchet samples. S21. Establish a coordinate system with the center point of the ratchet sample to be tested as the origin. Based on the association between the coordinate system and the reference point, use the origin as the reference point on the ratchet sample to be tested to determine the standard detection light profile coordinates. Irradiate the ratchet sample to be tested vertically and receive the standard detection light profile image through the receiving plate. S211, using the center point of the ratchet sample to be tested Establish a rectangular coordinate system with the origin, based on the coordinate system The relationship with the reference point O transforms the coordinates of the standard test light profile to the coordinate system of the ratchet sample to be tested, from the center O of the standard part to the center of the sample to be tested. If the translation vector is T, then the coordinates of the center of the detection light source on the sample to be tested are... Make T=0 to ensure O and coincide; It should be noted that in actual testing, setting T=0 ensures that O and The overlap is ensured to guarantee that the standard inspection light profile can be projected according to the projection position of the inspection light profile of the standard part, thereby determining the error of the ratchet sample tooth profile.

[0027] S212. Illuminate vertically from above the tooth profile of the ratchet sample to be tested, so that the center of the detection light source is located at... At the coordinate point, each light source generates a circular light spot with a diameter of d. The light spot of the light source that is not blocked by the ratchet is received by the receiving plate to form a residual standard detection light contour image. The residual standard detection light contour image on the receiving plate is then captured by a camera.

[0028] It should be noted that the detection light must be perpendicular to each coordinate point to form a standard light spot and avoid errors caused by oblique illumination. The receiving plate can be a white projection plate or similar material to receive residual light. The choice of camera should be based on actual lighting conditions and imaging effects, and should be made by consulting experts in the relevant field based on experience.

[0029] S22. Collect residual standard detection light profile images, perform edge recognition on the residual standard detection light profile images, calculate the residual diameter of the standard detection light profile images, and combine the upper and lower limits of the tooth profile error range to make anomaly judgment on the ratchet sample to be tested. S221. Based on the acquired residual standard detection light profile image, the center point of the ratchet sample to be tested... A rectangular coordinate system is established with the origin in the acquired residual standard detection light contour image. The contour is identified by the edge detection algorithm and the coordinates of the identified contour in the rectangular coordinate system are obtained. S2211. Using a defined origin as a reference, establish a Cartesian coordinate system in the acquired residual standard detection light contour image, with the horizontal direction as the x-axis and the vertical direction as the y-axis. Use the Sobel operator to identify the light contour in the image, and use a Gaussian filter to smooth the image. Calculate the gradient of each pixel in the x and y directions for the smoothed image. Obtain the gradient magnitude and gradient direction through gradient calculation, where the gradient magnitude represents the edge intensity and the gradient direction represents the edge direction. Refine the edges using non-maximum suppression, and mark the edge points using double thresholding. Map the points on the identified contour to the established Cartesian coordinate system to obtain the coordinates of each point on the identified contour in that coordinate system.

[0030] It should be noted that since noise may exist in the image, it will affect the edge detection results. First, a Gaussian filter is used to smooth the image to reduce noise interference. After obtaining the gradient magnitude and direction, only the points with the largest local gradient magnitude are retained as edge points, and points with non-local maxima are suppressed to zero, thereby refining the edges. The gradient magnitude of the current pixel is compared with that of its neighboring pixels along the gradient direction. If the gradient magnitude of the current pixel is not a local maximum, it is set to zero. Pixels with gradient magnitudes greater than the high threshold are marked as strong edge points, and pixels with gradient magnitudes less than the low threshold are marked as non-edge points. Pixels with gradient magnitudes between the strong and weak thresholds are determined to be weak edge points if connected to weak edge points, and strong edge points if connected to strong edge points. In the process of setting the strong and weak thresholds, it is necessary to manually set the two thresholds based on experience. By observing the characteristics of the image and the expected edge detection situation during actual use, the thresholds are initially given, and then the edge detection results are checked and adjusted until suitable strong and weak thresholds are obtained.

[0031] S222. For each detection light source i, use the standard tooth profile at the corresponding point. Normal direction at the location As the measurement direction, by detecting the center of the light source. Normal direction straight line Find the straight line Two intersection points with the boundary of the light spot and and based on the intersection and The residual diameter at the current detection position is obtained by calculating the coordinates. The specific steps are as follows: Based on the parametric equation of the tooth profile curve and Calculate the tangent vector and normal vector , where the normal vector for or Normalize the normal vector to ensure that the normal vector points to the air side; It should be noted that the parametric equation of the tooth profile curve is the equation of the original standard ratchet tooth profile, which can be obtained through drawing software when drawing the tooth profile of a standard part. The specific steps for normalizing the vector are as follows: In the case of discrete data, the slope of the tangent can be calculated using the five-point central difference formula. The normal vector is then calculated based on the slope of the tangent, and normalized, ensuring that the normal direction points towards the air side.

[0032] Further construct the measurement straight line , where t represents the base point Along the normal direction The directed distance of movement, Its weight , ,in Representative point coordinates Represents the unit normal vector The amount; It should be noted that t represents the base point. Along the normal direction The directed distance moved, corresponding to the point at t=0. That is, the position of the center of the light source. If t > 0, it moves a distance of |t| along the positive direction of the normal; if t < 0, it moves a distance of |t| along the opposite direction of the normal.

[0033] For each boundary point Calculate projection parameters According to the extreme value parameter as well as Calculate the intersection point as well as ,in: ; ; According to the Euclidean distance formula, based on the intersection point... as well as The residual diameter is obtained by coordinate calculation. ; It should be noted that, That is , That is , , They are respectively as well as .

[0034] S223, Based on residual diameter Based on the tooth profile error limit value, anomaly determination is performed on the detection points, specifically including the following steps: when When the time is right, it means the current testing site is functioning normally; when or When this time, it indicates that the current detection point is abnormal; All test points are evaluated, and if any test point is found to be abnormal, the current ratchet sample is marked as an abnormal part.

[0035] It should be noted that d represents the diameter of the single-beam detection light source profile, which is... This represents the tooth profile error range, consistent with S121.

[0036] Example 2: like Figure 2 As shown, a sample testing system for ratchet preparation includes a data acquisition module, a light source profile establishment module, and a ratchet tooth profile detection module. The data acquisition module collects the dimensional parameters of the ratchet for the current order, and obtains the shape and dimensions of the ratchet and the tooth profile error range. The light source contour establishment module uses drawing software to draw the standard ratchet part based on the basic dimensions of the currently processed ratchet, and extracts the tooth profile curve of the standard ratchet part as the standard tooth profile contour of the currently processed ratchet. It collects the parameters of the current detection light source, sets the diameter of the single-beam detection light source contour based on the tooth profile error range of the currently processed ratchet, establishes a coordinate system based on the tooth profile contour of the currently processed ratchet part, sets the center coordinates of the detection light source with the edge of the tooth profile contour, arranges the detection light sources at intervals of n to obtain the standard detection light profile and its coordinate group, and associates the coordinate group with the center point coordinates of the currently processed ratchet part. The ratchet tooth profile detection module illuminates the ratchet sample to be tested with a standard detection light profile perpendicular to the ratchet tooth profile based on the center point, collects residual standard detection light profile images through a receiving plate, and calculates the residual diameter of the residual standard detection light profile images to identify abnormal ratchet samples.

[0037] In summary, this invention constructs a standard ratchet component based on the basic dimensions of the ratchet teeth, sets the detection light source profile based on the current ratchet tooth profile error range, and rapidly determines the ratchet tooth profile error one by one by testing subsequent ratchet samples based on the residual diameter projected by the detection light source. This identifies abnormal ratchet samples, prevents unqualified products from entering subsequent production stages or the market, improves the overall product quality, and enhances practicality. By setting a unified detection standard based on the standard ratchet component and the detection light source profile, the consistency and comparability of the detection of each ratchet sample can be ensured, which helps to guarantee the consistency of the tooth profile of ratchets produced in the same batch, making the product quality more stable.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing samples used in ratchet preparation, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Collect the current ratchet data, including the shape and size of the ratchet and the tooth error range. Construct the current machined ratchet standard part based on the standard shape and size sample of the ratchet. Construct the standard detection light profile along the edge contour of the current machined ratchet standard part, combined with the detection light source parameters and the center point of the standard part. S2. The ratchet sample to be tested is irradiated with the standard test light profile perpendicular to the ratchet tooth shape based on the center point. The residual standard test light profile image is collected by the receiving plate. The residual diameter is calculated from the residual standard test light profile image to identify abnormal ratchet samples.

2. The sample testing method for ratchet preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 includes the following steps: S11. For the current order, the ratchet is processed. The dimensional parameters of the ratchet are collected to obtain the shape and size of the ratchet and the tooth profile error range. Based on the standard shape and size sample of the ratchet, a standard part of the ratchet is constructed to obtain the tooth profile of the standard part. S12. Collect the current detection light source parameters, set the single-beam detection light source profile diameter based on the tooth profile error range of the current machined ratchet, establish a coordinate system according to the tooth profile of the current machined ratchet standard part, set the center coordinates of the detection light source with the edge of the tooth profile, arrange the detection light sources at intervals n to obtain the standard detection light profile and its coordinate group, and associate the coordinate group with the center point coordinates of the current machined ratchet standard part.

3. The sample testing method for ratchet preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that, S11 includes the following steps: S111. For the current order, process the ratchet by collecting the dimensional parameters, shape dimensions, and tooth profile error range of the ratchet through the drawings. The shape dimensions include the basic dimensions and tooth profile parameters. The tooth profile error range is the maximum and minimum limit dimensions of the ratchet tooth profile. S112. Using drawing software, draw the standard part of the ratchet based on the basic dimensions of the current ratchet being processed, and extract the tooth profile curve of the standard part of the ratchet being processed as the tooth profile contour of the standard part of the current ratchet being processed.

4. The sample testing method for ratchet preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that, S12 includes the following steps: S121, Based on the tooth profile error range of the currently machined ratchet. Set the profile diameter of the single-beam detection light source. ,in , , These represent the maximum and minimum limit dimensions of the currently machined ratchet tooth profile, respectively. It is a constant; S122. Using the center point O of the currently machined ratchet standard part as the origin of the coordinate system, establish a rectangular coordinate system, with the horizontal direction as the x-axis and the vertical direction as the y-axis. Arrange the centers of the detection light sources on the standard tooth profile according to the arc length interval n, and obtain the total number N of the arranged detection light sources. L represents the total arc length of the profile. Based on the established rectangular coordinate system, the coordinates of the center of each detection light source are calculated sequentially to obtain the coordinate set of the standard detection light profile. ; S123, Coordinate set based on standard detection light profile , where each point The position vector relative to the origin O is During detection, O is used as the reference point, and the reference point is associated with the coordinate group.

5. A sample testing method for ratchet preparation according to claim 4, characterized in that, S2 includes the following steps: S21. Establish a coordinate system with the center point of the ratchet sample to be tested as the origin. Based on the association between the coordinate system and the reference point, use the origin as the reference point on the ratchet sample to be tested to determine the standard detection light profile coordinates. Irradiate the ratchet sample to be tested vertically and receive the standard detection light profile image through the receiving plate. S22. Collect residual standard detection light profile images, perform edge recognition on the residual standard detection light profile images, calculate the residual diameter of the standard detection light profile images, and combine the upper and lower limits of the tooth profile error range to determine the anomaly of the ratchet sample to be tested.

6. The sample testing method for ratchet preparation according to claim 5, characterized in that, S21 includes the following steps: S211, using the center point of the ratchet sample to be tested Establish a rectangular coordinate system with the origin, based on the coordinate system The relationship with the reference point O transforms the coordinates of the standard test light profile to the coordinate system of the ratchet sample to be tested, from the center O of the standard part to the center of the sample to be tested. If the translation vector is T, then the coordinates of the center of the detection light source on the sample to be tested are... Make T=0 to ensure O and coincide; S212. Illuminate vertically from above the tooth profile of the ratchet sample to be tested, so that the center of the detection light source is located at... At the coordinate point, each light source generates a circular light spot with a diameter of d. The light spot of the light source that is not blocked by the ratchet is received by the receiving plate to form a residual standard detection light contour image. The residual standard detection light contour image on the receiving plate is then captured by a camera.

7. The sample testing method for ratchet preparation according to claim 6, characterized in that, S22 includes the following steps: S221. Based on the acquired residual standard detection light profile image, the center point of the ratchet sample to be tested... A rectangular coordinate system is established with the origin in the acquired residual standard detection light contour image. The contour is identified by the edge detection algorithm and the coordinates of the identified contour in the rectangular coordinate system are obtained. S222. For each detection light source i, use the standard tooth profile at the corresponding point. Normal direction at the location As the measurement direction, by detecting the center of the light source. Normal direction straight line Find the straight line Two intersection points with the boundary of the light spot and and based on the intersection and The residual diameter at the current detection position is obtained by calculating the coordinates. The specific steps are as follows: Based on the parametric equation of the tooth profile curve and Calculate the tangent vector and normal vector , where the normal vector for or Normalize the normal vector to ensure that the normal vector points to the air side; Further construct the measurement straight line , where t represents the base point Along the normal direction The directed distance of movement, Its weight , ,in Representative point coordinates Represents the unit normal vector The amount; For each boundary point Calculate projection parameters According to the extreme value parameter as well as Calculate the intersection point as well as ,in: ； ； According to the Euclidean distance formula, based on the intersection point... as well as The residual diameter is obtained by coordinate calculation. ; S223, Based on residual diameter Based on the tooth profile error limit value, anomaly determination is performed on the detection points, specifically including the following steps: when When the time is right, it means the current testing site is functioning normally; when or When this time, it indicates that the current detection point is abnormal; All test points are evaluated, and if any test point is found to be abnormal, the current ratchet sample is marked as an abnormal part.

8. A sample testing method for ratchet preparation according to claim 7, characterized in that, S221 includes the following steps: S2211. Using a defined origin as a reference, establish a Cartesian coordinate system in the acquired residual standard detection light contour image, with the horizontal direction as the x-axis and the vertical direction as the y-axis. Use the Sobel operator to identify the light contour in the image, and use a Gaussian filter to smooth the image. Calculate the gradient of each pixel in the x and y directions for the smoothed image. Obtain the gradient magnitude and gradient direction through gradient calculation, where the gradient magnitude represents the edge intensity and the gradient direction represents the edge direction. Refine the edges using non-maximum suppression, and mark edge points using double thresholding. Map the points on the identified contour to the established Cartesian coordinate system to obtain the coordinates of each point on the identified contour in that coordinate system.

9. A sample testing system for ratchet preparation, characterized in that, The system employs a sample testing method for ratchet preparation as described in any one of claims 1-8, comprising a data acquisition module, a light source profile establishment module, and a ratchet tooth profile detection module; The data acquisition module collects the dimensional parameters of the ratchet for the current order, and obtains the shape and dimensions of the ratchet and the tooth profile error range. The light source contour establishment module uses drawing software to draw the standard ratchet part based on the basic dimensions of the currently processed ratchet, and extracts the tooth profile curve of the standard ratchet part as the standard tooth profile contour of the currently processed ratchet. It collects the parameters of the current detection light source, sets the diameter of the single-beam detection light source contour based on the tooth profile error range of the currently processed ratchet, establishes a coordinate system based on the tooth profile contour of the currently processed ratchet part, sets the center coordinates of the detection light source with the edge of the tooth profile contour, arranges the detection light sources at intervals of n to obtain the standard detection light profile and its coordinate group, and associates the coordinate group with the center point coordinates of the currently processed ratchet part. The ratchet tooth profile detection module illuminates the ratchet sample to be tested with a standard detection light profile perpendicular to the ratchet tooth profile based on the center point, collects residual standard detection light profile images through a receiving plate, and calculates the residual diameter of the residual standard detection light profile images to identify abnormal ratchet samples.

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