Aqueous formulation comprising fullerenes, structured water, dissolved hydrogen, minerals and additives

Abstract

The present invention provides an aqueous formulation comprising fullerene, structured water having a three-dimensional helical structure of polygonal water molecules with hollow cavities, dissolved hydrogen, a mineral, and an additive. The formulation provides a stable and biocompatible fullerene, which can be surrounded by micelles. The aqueous formulation has long term stability, thereby maintaining the concentration of hydrogen dissolved in the aqueous formulation over time. Also provided are methods of treating cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an aqueous formulation comprising a fullerene, structured water having a three-dimensional helical structure of polygonal water molecules of hollow cavities, dissolved hydrogen, a mineral, and an additive.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 463,874, filed May 3, 2023, entitled “Aqueous Formulation Containing Fullerenes, Structured Water, Dissolved Hydrogen, Minerals and Additives,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference where permitted. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to an aqueous formulation comprising a combination of fullerene and structured water containing dissolved hydrogen, minerals, and additives. The structured water has a three-dimensional helical structure of polygonal water molecules having hollow cavities. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the aqueous formulation. The aqueous formulation of the present invention exhibits long-term stability, thereby maintaining a constant concentration of dissolved hydrogen over time. The invention further relates to an aqueous formulation for treating cancer, comprising a combination of fullerene and structured water containing dissolved hydrogen, minerals, and additives. Background Technology

[0004] The background description provided herein is intended to provide a general context for this disclosure. Unless otherwise stated herein, the materials described in this section do not constitute prior art for the purposes of the claims of this application, nor do their inclusion in this section constitute an acknowledgment of prior art or any suggestions thereof.

[0005] Carbon nanoparticles (such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes) have attracted attention as potential drug carriers (Lisik et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22, 8341, 15). Fullerenes possess unique structures and have demonstrated properties ideally suited for interacting with components in the cellular environment.

[0006] The high hydrophobicity of these molecules makes them difficult to dissolve in water, and they tend to form aggregates. To address this problem, the molecules are typically functionalized. One of the most common methods to make fullerenes water-soluble is by adding hydrophilic groups to the surface of the molecules. These groups can be carboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, or sulfonates, and are attached to the surface of the fullerene via covalent or non-covalent bonds. The hydrophilic groups allow the fullerene to disperse or dissolve in aqueous solutions. Another method to make fullerenes water-soluble is by forming complexes with water-soluble polymers. These polymers can be polyethylene glycol (PEG), dextran, or polysaccharides, and are attached to the surface of the fullerene via non-covalent bonds. Complexes formed with water-soluble polymers are stable in solution and allow the fullerene to dissolve and disperse in water. Water-soluble fullerenes have a variety of applications, such as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in medicine, coating materials and additives in the materials industry, and electronics and nanotechnology. Furthermore, water solubility facilitates the manipulation and study of these molecules in solution.

[0007] While such functionalization can help carbon nanoparticles (e.g., fullerenes) dissolve in aqueous solutions, it can also alter the chemical and physical properties of fullerenes. For example, unmodified C60 fullerenes have been found to generate singlet oxygen more efficiently upon irradiation than their water-soluble derivatives (Rathmore et al., Chemical Research, 2(2):240-248 (2010)). This property makes unmodified fullerenes more suitable for some applications, such as photodynamic therapy. Modified fullerenes also exhibit a reduced ability to absorb free radicals compared to unmodified fullerene molecules. Therefore, there is a need to provide fullerene molecules that are dispersed in aqueous solutions and exhibit increased stability and biocompatibility. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This article provides aqueous solutions that address the aforementioned problems associated with aqueous dispersions or solutions containing fullerenes.

[0009] This document provides an aqueous composition comprising a fullerene; a micelle forming agent; structured water with a three-dimensional helical structure of polygonal water molecules having hollow cavities; dissolved hydrogen; and minerals. The fullerene may comprise an unmodified C60 or C70 fullerene. The fullerene may include a C60 or C70 fullerene modified to include one or more hydrophilic groups on its surface. The hydrophilic group may be hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxylic acid, alcohol, amino, sulfonic acid, or any combination thereof. The fullerene may be a polyhydroxylated fullerene, referred to as a fullerol. The fullerene may include a C60 or C70 fullerene modified to complex with a water-soluble polymer. The water-soluble polymer may be selected from polyethylene glycol, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, and proteins. The amount of fullerene in the aqueous composition may be from about 1 mg / L to 30,000 mg / L.

[0010] In the aqueous compositions provided herein, the micelle forming agent may be or includes a surfactant, a lipophilic agent, an oil, or a combination thereof. The oil may be an essential oil, olive oil, coconut oil, or a combination thereof. The micelle forming agent may be or includes a nonionic surfactant. The nonionic surfactant may be selected from sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene ethers, polysorbate esters, and combinations thereof. The polysorbate ester may be selected from polysorbate ester 20, polysorbate ester 40, polysorbate ester 60, and polysorbate ester 80. The amount of the micelle forming agent may be from 50 mg / L to 800 g / L.

[0011] In the aqueous compositions provided herein, the hydrogen content can range from 1 ppm to 50 ppm. In the aqueous compositions provided herein, the minerals can be selected from calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se). The minerals can be present in amounts from 0.005 mg / L to 800 mg / L.

[0012] The aqueous compositions provided herein may also contain sweeteners. Sweeteners may be selected from sucrose, stevia, steviol glycosides, monk fruit extract, sucralose, isomaltulose, aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, neotame, alitame, lactitol, xylitol, high fructose corn syrup, and combinations thereof. The aqueous compositions provided herein may also contain flavoring agents. The aqueous compositions provided herein may further contain a flavor enhancer selected from citric acid, lactic acid, sodium gluconate, sodium gluconolactone, ethyl lactate, sodium lactate, sodium bisulfate, malic acid, and combinations thereof. In the aqueous compositions provided herein, the amount of sweeteners and / or flavoring agents and / or flavor enhancers (when present) may be from about 0.0001% by weight to 20% by weight.

[0013] This invention provides an aqueous composition comprising: a surfactant in an amount of 1000 mg / L; a flavoring agent in an amount of 1 to 1500 mg / L; a sweetener in an amount of 1 to 100 mg / L; an unmodified C60 fullerene in an amount of 20 mg / L, 40 mg / L, 60 mg / L, or 80 mg / L; a Ca salt providing Ca in an amount of 586 mg / L; a Mg salt providing Mg in an amount of 325 mg / L; a Fe salt providing Fe in an amount of 5 mg / L; a Zn salt providing Zn in an amount of 5 mg / L; a Se salt providing Se in an amount of 0.01 mg / L; a Cu salt providing Cu in an amount of 0.2 mg / L; and hydrogen (H2) in an amount of 20 ppm. The surfactant may be polysorbate 80; the flavoring agent may be benzaldehyde and may be present in an amount of 1.5 mg / L; and the sweetener may be stevia and may be present in an amount of 30 to 100 mg / L.

[0014] The present invention also provides an aqueous composition comprising: a surfactant in an amount of 1000 mg / L; a flavoring agent in an amount of 1 to 1500 mg / L; a sweetener in an amount of 1 to 100 mg / L; a fullerol in an amount of 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L, 600 mg / L, or 800 mg / L; a Ca salt providing 586 mg / L of Ca; a Mg salt providing 325 mg / L of Mg; an Fe salt providing 5 mg / L of Fe; a Zn salt providing 5 mg / L of Zn; a Se salt providing 0.01 mg / L of Se; a Cu salt providing 0.2 mg / L of Cu; and hydrogen (H2) in an amount of 20 ppm. The surfactant may be polysorbate 80; the fullerol may be C60 fullerol; the flavoring agent may be benzaldehyde and may be present in an amount of 1.5 mg / L; and the sweetener may be stevia and may be present in an amount of 30 to 100 mg / L.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for administering photodynamic therapy to a subject in need, the method comprising selecting a site on the subject to which the photodynamic therapy will be administered; administering to the subject an aqueous composition provided herein, which may be administered alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and exposing the site to natural or artificial light for a period of time, the duration of which effectively achieves the therapeutic effect. The subject may suffer from a condition selected from cancer, psoriasis, acne, actinic keratosis, eczema, seborrhea, and hyperkeratosis. The subject may suffer from cancers selected from breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, lymphoma, hematopoietic system cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, and head and neck cancer.

[0016] This invention also provides a method for treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the aqueous composition provided herein, the aqueous composition being administered alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The cancer may be selected from breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, lymphoma, hematopoietic system cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, and head and neck cancer. The cancer may also be selected from adenocarcinoma, medulloblastoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and cerebellar tumors. The aqueous composition provided herein may be administered alone or in combination with another therapeutic treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or a combination thereof).

[0017] The aqueous compositions provided by this invention can be administered daily, twice weekly, or weekly. Administration of the composition may include one or more consecutive days of pharmacological leave during which the composition is not administered. Administration of the composition may include dosing regimens of: (a) once daily for 6 days, followed by a 1-day break, repeated for 2 to 52 cycles; or (b) once daily for 5 days, followed by a 2-day break, repeated for 2 to 52 cycles; or (c) once daily for 4 days, followed by a 1-day break, repeated for 2 to 73 cycles; or (d) once daily for 3 days, followed by a 1-day break, repeated for 2 to 91 cycles; or (e) once daily for 2 days, followed by a 1-day break, repeated for 2 to 122 cycles; or (f) once every other day for 2 to 52 weeks. The composition may be administered for periods from 2 weeks to 12 months or longer. In the compositions provided herein, the daily dose of fullerene in the composition may range from 20 mg to 80 mg. The administration may include providing a booster dose, which comprises a fullerene dose that is 10% to 400% higher than the daily dose of fullerene. When administered, the booster dose may be given at the beginning of each dosing regimen, at the end of each dosing regimen, or after 2, 3, 4, or more cycles of the dosing regimen.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for producing a drug delivery carrier, the method comprising complexing a therapeutic agent with a fullerene in the above-described aqueous composition. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific methods, schemes, and reagents described herein, and therefore can be varied. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined only by the claims.

[0020] A. Definition

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Unless otherwise stated, all patents, patent applications, publications, websites, and other public materials cited throughout this document are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Where a term has multiple definitions herein, the definition in this section shall prevail. In the reference to URLs or other such identifiers or addresses, it should be understood that such identifiers may change, and specific information on the Internet may appear and disappear, but equivalent information can be found by searching the Internet. The citation of such references demonstrates the availability and public dissemination of such information.

[0022] As used in this article, the singular forms “a,” “one,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0023] As used herein, all ranges include both upper and lower limits. As used herein, the description of a variable's numerical range is intended to express that the variable can be equal to any value within that range, as well as any and all subranges encompassed by a broader range. Therefore, the variable can be equal to any one or more values ​​within that numerical range, including the endpoints of the range. As an example, a variable described as having values ​​between 0 and 10 could be 0, 3, 4–8, 2.15, 6.8–9.1, etc.

[0024] As used herein, “about” is an approximate term and is intended to include minute variations in the literally stated quantity, as understood by those skilled in the art. Such variations include, for example, standard deviations related to techniques commonly used to measure the amount or other properties and characteristics of constituent elements or components of alloys or composite materials. All values ​​characterized by the aforementioned modifier “about” are also intended to include the exact numerical values ​​associated with them. Thus, “about 5%” means both “about 5%” and “5%”.

[0025] As used herein, "optional" or "optionally" means that the event or condition described below may or may not occur, and the description includes instances in which the event or condition occurs as well as instances in which the event or condition does not occur. For example, an optional component in a system means that the component may or may not be present in the system.

[0026] As used herein, the terms “comprising” and “including” are inclusive and open-ended, not exclusive. When used in the specification and claims, the terms “comprising” and “including” and variations thereof mean to include the specified features, steps, or components, but do not exclude other features, steps, or components.

[0027] Unless otherwise expressly stated otherwise, any composition described herein is intended to cover compositions consisting of, substantially consisting of, and containing the various ingredients identified herein.

[0028] In the specification and claims, the singular form includes the plural referent unless the context clearly specifies otherwise. As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the word "or" is used in the meaning of "and / or" encompassing rather than in the meaning of "any / or" exclusively.

[0029] As used herein, the term “exemplary” means “used as an example or illustration” and should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other configurations or formulations disclosed herein.

[0030] As used herein, the term "structured water" refers to a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules with hollow cavities, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges. When viewed from above, the arrangement of water molecules in the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape. The terms "structured water" and "H3O2 molecule" are used interchangeably in this application. The structure and growth of planar structures of water at different interfaces have been previously studied. These previous studies involved the interaction of natural hydrogen bridges in specific regions of water, while the structured water of the present invention is such that, in addition to the effects of magnetization and mineral injection processes, the arrangement of water molecules is altered by applying high-energy processes to the water during cavitation and implosion processes. These processes change the bond energy between adjacent water molecules and realize a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules with hollow cavities, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, possessing unique properties. The main difference between the “structured water” or H3O2 molecules found in the literature and the “structured water” or H3O2 molecules of the present invention lies in the promotion of molecular self-replication, which promotes the formation of the three-dimensional spiral cage structure of the present invention under appropriate high-energy processes.

[0031] Furthermore, the structured water of this invention differs from "structured water" as commonly known or described, because "structured water" as used in the art refers to the intrinsic processes of water. In contrast, the structured water of this invention is produced by applying a high-energy process ("structuring") as described herein. Structuring is a process in which water undergoes drastic changes in pressure and temperature at a microscopic state through implosion and cavitation energy, as well as some organic and inorganic salts, at temperatures below atmospheric temperature. This energy enhances molecular interactions and alters the properties of water. As a result, the electrical and thermal conductivity of water can be altered to facilitate the formation of the structured water of this invention. This change in water properties, along with the subsequent temperature reduction, addition of molecular gases, and magnetization, promotes the formation of the structured water of this invention. The structured water used in this invention alters the properties of water and the bioavailability of its constituent elements. Unless otherwise stated, the term structured water, as used below, refers to structured water produced by applying a high-energy process ("structuring") as described herein.

[0032] As used herein, “composition” and “formulation” are used interchangeably and refer to an aqueous formulation suitable for administration to and consumed by a subject.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, each of the various features or embodiments in this specification may be combined with, but is not limited to, any other individual feature or embodiment described herein. Whether or not they are explicitly described herein as combinations, such combinations are specifically contemplated within the scope of this invention.

[0034] As used herein, “weight percentage” or “wt%” refers to the concentration of a substance, calculated as the weight of the substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100.

[0035] As used herein, a "surfactant" is a compound that reduces the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants are typically amphiphilic, meaning they contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions, such as fatty alcohol groups and compounds that form micelles in aqueous solutions. Surfactants are generally classified according to the charge of their active portion and can be categorized as cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants.

[0036] As used herein, a "micelle forming agent" is a compound that can be strongly adsorbed onto a two-phase interface due to its hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, or a compound that enhances the ability of another compound to be adsorbed onto a two-phase interface. Examples of micelle forming agents include surfactants, lipophilic agents, oils, and combinations thereof.

[0037] As used in this article, “micelle” refers to a cluster of amphiphilic molecules (such as surfactants) formed when dissolved in water at a concentration or higher, wherein the hydrophilic groups face the outside of the cluster and the lipophilic groups face the inside of the cluster.

[0038] As used in this article, “room temperature” refers to an ambient temperature in the range of approximately 20°C to approximately 25°C (typically averaging approximately 21°C).

[0039] As used herein, the terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably and refer to an animal, such as a human, to which the composition according to the invention is provided for treatment. As used herein, the term “subject” refers to both humans and non-human animals. The term “non-human animal” includes all vertebrates, such as mammals, including non-human primates (particularly higher primates), sheep, dogs, rodents (e.g., mice or rats), guinea pigs, goats, pigs, cats, rabbits, cattle, and non-mammals such as chickens, amphibians, and reptiles. In one embodiment, the subject is a human. In another embodiment, the subject is an experimental animal or animal surrogate serving as a disease model. Examples of subjects include humans, dogs, cats, cattle, goats, and mice.

[0040] B. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 It is a planar diagram of one of the fullerene planes with a planar H3O2 structure.

[0042] Figure 2 It is an isometric view of the fullerene (center) surrounded by the planar structure of the H3O2 molecule.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structured water used in this invention, showing the two-dimensional ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement of water molecules after the structuring process.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the hexagonal arrangement of water molecules, showing two adjacent planes of the hexagonal structure of hydrogen and oxygen molecules, where the planes of the water molecules are parallel to the surface.

[0045] Figure 5A This is a diagram of a single three-dimensional spiral cage structure of polygonal water molecules used in this invention. Figure 5B yes Figure 5A A top view of the spiral structure.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a visual representation of the arrangement of various cations within the hollow cavity of the structured water of the present invention.

[0047] Figures 7A to 7C This is a diagram illustrating the three stages in the structuring process for producing structured water that can be used in this invention.

[0048] Figures 8 and 9 are representative illustrations explaining the cavitation and implosion processes.

[0049] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction between Mg and H2O to produce H2.

[0050] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of obtaining metallic magnesium from naturally occurring magnesite using electrolysis and precipitation, and of producing H2 from the reaction of Mg and H2O.

[0051] Figure 12-17 This is an illustrative water structuring system that can be used to produce structured water that can be used in the compositions of this invention.

[0052] Figure 18A This is a diagram of an exemplary water structuring system. Figure 18B yes Figure 18A An exploded diagram of a water-structured system. Figure 18C-18E yes Figure 18A Illustrations of the various components of a water-structured system.

[0053] Figure 18F and 18G yes Figure 18A A representative illustration of the eddies generated inside a water-structured system.

[0054] Figure 19A and 19B This is an illustration of a large-scale water structuring system that can be used to generate structured water that can be used in the compositions of the present invention.

[0055] Figures 20A-20CThis is a diagram of a compact water structuring system that can be used to generate structured water that can be used in the compositions of this invention.

[0056] Figure 21 yes Figure 18A A sectional view of the cross section 2000A of the water structure system.

[0057] Figure 22 This is a flowchart of a method for forming structured water that can be used in the compositions of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of an apparatus used to produce fullerenes and micelles.

[0059] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing an aqueous composition containing fullerenes, hydrogen, and minerals as described herein.

[0060] C. Description of the compositions provided herein

[0061] The aqueous compositions presented herein comprise a combination of fullerenes and structured water containing dissolved hydrogen, minerals, and additives. Fullerenes dissolve in water by forming micelles surrounding the fullerenes. Micelles are structures in which surfactant molecules are organized in a surface layer surrounding hydrophobic fullerene molecules to dissolve them in water. Micelles form spherical structures in which a hydrophilic surface layer is in contact with water and a hydrophobic core layer encapsulates the fullerene molecules. Therefore, dissolving fullerenes in water by forming micelles allows hydrophobic fullerene molecules to disperse in aqueous solutions, which can facilitate their use in biological and medical applications.

[0062] Structured water containing hydrogen and minerals can be produced by the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 100,562 filed January 23, 2023, by Best Planet Science, Inc. and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 100,563 filed January 23, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0063] Fullerenes are carriers that improve properties such as the bioavailability of different minerals and hydrogen contained in structured water, and also improve electrical and thermal conductivity properties that promote cellular interactions with these molecules. Fullerenes can improve the interaction of minerals and hydrogen with different types of cells in the body. Figure 1 As shown, the structure of fullerenes dispersed in structured water avoids the drawbacks of conventional procedures used in the art to dissolve and stabilize fullerenes in aqueous solutions. In particular, the use of charge-transfer complexes is avoided, and bioavailability is improved. The effect of organic solvents on fullerenes is also mitigated in the presence of water due to its structure.

[0064] Figure 1 A schematic top view of a fullerene macromolecule surrounded by structured water containing minerals and hydrogen is shown, illustrating the H3O2 structure. For simplicity, surfactants are omitted from the diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the central fullerene macromolecule is surrounded by the hexagonal structure of structured water H3O2 (forming hexagons of planar molecules H3O2). Figure 2 An isometric view of a fullerene surrounded by hexagons forming an H3O2 structure is schematically shown. The use of fullerenes in structured water promotes the formation of planar H3O2 molecules, which allows for better alignment of organic materials. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A novel H3O2 arm is shown that surrounds a C60 fullerene with a hexagonal portion.

[0065] Because the aqueous compositions containing structured water provided herein result in better bioavailability of the components, the aqueous compositions can be designed for oral or parenteral administration. As a form of administration, the composition comprises micellar-coated fullerenes stabilized by structured water, diluent hydrogen as a gas, and minerals. In the composition, the micellar-encapsulated fullerenes dissolve in the aqueous substance due to the micelles. In some formulations, the fullerenes are encapsulated with a surfactant that forms micelles.

[0066] Fullerenes

[0067] Fullerenes are novel molecules being developed for a variety of biomedical applications (Hart et al., *European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics* 43(5):543-554 (2018)), particularly for cancer. Fullerenes include both unmodified and modified fullerenes. Studies have identified multiple mechanisms by which fullerene nanoparticles exert their antitumor activity. For example, [C(COOH)2]3-carboxylated fullerenes have been shown to possess antioxidant and pro-oxidative activities, which may contribute to their effectiveness in cancer treatment (Lagagopalan et al.,

[0068] "Antibacterial Agents and Allelochemicals" 40(10):2262-2265(1996)). Furthermore, interaction studies with cancer cells showed that the IC50 value of cells treated with fullerene nanoparticles was significantly reduced, indicating higher cytotoxic efficacy compared to other forms of treatment.

[0069] Fullerene nanoparticles have shown promising antitumor activity, attributed to several mechanisms. For example, fullerene nanoparticles can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as free radicals, which are cytotoxic to cancer cells. This process can induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation. This phenomenon is due to the ability of fullerenes to interact with molecular oxygen and form ROS (such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide), which can damage cancer cells and lead to their death.

[0070] Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a consequence of normal physiological aerobic metabolism. The mitochondrial electron transport chain, peroxisomes, NADPH oxidase, uncoupling nitric oxide synthase, and the cytochrome P450 system are the most important sources of ROS production. An imbalance between ROS production and the antioxidant defense system in living systems leads to disruption of cellular function and damage. This imbalance results from excessive ROS production and weakened antioxidant defense mechanisms. Protective action against ROS is carried out by several enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic compounds (vitamin E, ascorbate, glutathione, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, etc.). ROS are key regulators of cellular function. At low concentrations, ROS are important participants in cell signaling, mitotic response induction, and defense against infectious agents, while excessive ROS can alter normal cellular function and promote irreversible damage to lipids, nucleic acids, and cellular proteins. ROS, especially H2O2, act as messenger molecules through the oxidative modification of signaling proteins. Therefore, the balance between ROS production and removal allows for normal cellular function, while an imbalance leads to oxidative stress with pathological consequences.

[0071] In 1931, scientist Otto Heinrich Warburg (1883-1970) won the Nobel Prize for his paper, "The Primary Cause and Prevention of Cancer," which identified the primary cause of cancer. According to Warburg, cancer is a result of unhealthy diets and lifestyles. Unhealthy diets (dietary practices based on acidified foods and a sedentary lifestyle) create an acidic environment in our bodies, which in turn causes cells to expel oxygen. Warburg stated:

[0072] - "Hypoxia and acidosis are two sides of the same coin: when you have one problem, you also have another."

[0073] - "Acidic substances repel oxygen; on the other hand, alkaline substances attract oxygen."

[0074] "Depriving cells of oxygen for 48 hours can cause them to become cancerous."

[0075] "All normal cells need oxygen, but cancer cells can survive without oxygen (this is a rule without exception)."

[0076] Cancerous tissue is acidic, while healthy tissue is alkaline.

[0077] In his work "Metabolism of Tumors in the Body" (Journal of Physiology 8(6):519-530(1927)), Warburg demonstrated that all forms of cancer are characterized by two fundamental conditions: acidosis and hypoxia (hypoxia). He also found that cancer cells are anaerobic and cannot survive in the presence of high levels of oxygen. Instead, they can survive on glucose as long as there is no oxygen in the environment.

[0078] Therefore, cancer is merely a defense mechanism of certain cells in the body to continue surviving in an oxygen-deficient, acidic environment. Healthy cells live in an alkaline and oxygen-rich environment, which allows them to function normally. Once the digestive process is complete, food will create acidic or alkaline conditions in the body depending on the quality of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins consumed. The result of acidification or alkalization is measured by pH. Understanding how acidic and alkaline foods affect health is important because cells need a slightly alkaline pH to function properly and fully. In healthy individuals, the blood pH is between 7.40 and 7.45. Remember, if the blood pH falls below 7, we will enter a near-death coma.

[0079] Fullerene nanoparticles have been observed to interfere with tumor cell proliferation by influencing various cellular signaling pathways. This can inhibit tumor growth and reduce its size. Fullerene nanoparticles can activate intracellular signaling pathways, leading to apoptosis or programmed cell death in cancer cells. This process selectively eliminates tumor cells without harming surrounding healthy cells. Fullerene nanoparticles have been shown to modulate the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels necessary for tumor growth) and reducing tumor invasion and metastasis. Fullerene nanoparticles can interact with a variety of biomolecules and cellular components, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can alter cellular function and affect the viability of tumor cells. These mechanisms suggest that fullerene nanoparticles have great potential as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. However, the difficulty in delivering fullerene nanoparticles as active agents has hindered the utilization of these mechanisms. The compositions presented herein address this deficiency, enabling the efficient delivery of fullerene nanoparticles via non-injectable routes, particularly oral administration. When administered to patients with cancer, the compositions presented herein have also been observed to improve the antitumor efficacy of fullerene nanoparticles.

[0080] Fullerene nanoparticles can be internalized by cancer cells through several mechanisms, such as receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis. Once internalized, fullerene nanoparticles can localize to different cellular compartments, such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. This intracellular localization can influence the therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticles and their ability to induce apoptosis or halt cell proliferation. Internalized fullerene nanoparticles can interact with organelles and biomolecules.

[0081] Endocytosis is the general term for a different type of active transport that introduces particles into the cell by encapsulating them in plasma membrane vesicles. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which receptor proteins on the cell surface capture a target molecule. When a receptor binds to its target molecule, endocytosis is triggered, and the receptor, along with the attached molecule, is absorbed into the cell within the vesicle. Encapsulation proteins participate in this process by giving the vesicle its round shape and facilitating its detachment from the membrane. Receptor-mediated endocytosis enables cells to take up large quantities of molecules that are relatively scarce (low in concentration) in the extracellular fluid.

[0082] Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which cells use their plasma membrane to engulf large particles (≥0.5 μm), creating internal compartments called phagosomes. Phagocytosis allows large particles (such as cells or cell debris) to be introduced into the cell and stored in large vacuoles. Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which cells absorb small amounts of extracellular fluid. Pinocytosis occurs in many cell types and is continuous as cells repeatedly sample the surrounding fluid to obtain all nutrients and other molecules present. The substances produced by pinocytosis are stored in small vesicles, much smaller than the large vacuoles produced by phagocytosis.

[0083] Once internalized, fullerene nanoparticles can localize to different cellular compartments, such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. This intracellular localization can influence the therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticles and their ability to induce apoptosis or halt cell proliferation. Fullerene nanoparticles can interact with various proteins and signaling molecules within cancer cells, which can modulate various cellular signaling pathways associated with proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. This modulation can have a significant impact on the viability and behavior of cancer cells. It has been shown that fullerene nanoparticles can induce apoptosis in cancer cells by activating intracellular signaling pathways associated with programmed cell death. Furthermore, they can also arrest the cell cycle at different stages, thereby limiting the proliferation of tumor cells. Fullerene nanoparticles can affect gene expression in cancer cells by modulating the transcription and translation of specific genes associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. In preclinical studies, fullerene nanoparticles have shown potent antitumor activity, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells in animal models, inhibiting cell proliferation, and reducing tumor growth. It has been shown that fullerene nanoparticles can modulate the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing tumor invasion and metastasis, which could enhance the efficacy of other cancer therapies. In summary, the interaction between fullerene nanoparticles and cancer cells is a multifaceted process that can influence cellular behavior and tumor viability. Although fullerene nanoparticles can induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells, they exhibit low toxicity in normal cells and healthy tissues, making them promising candidates for developing therapies with minimal side effects. Fullerene nanoparticles can be engineered to have enhanced tumor specificity by conjugating receptor-specific ligands overexpressed on cancer cells, allowing for selective delivery of therapeutic agents to tumors while minimizing impact on healthy tissues. Fullerene nanoparticles can serve as efficient carriers for delivering drugs and therapeutic agents to tumors, enhancing their solubility, stability, and bioavailability, and allowing for controlled and targeted release at the tumor site.

[0084] The stability of fullerenes has both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. Kinetic stability is a concept related to the average time a molecule retains its structure and function under specific conditions. When a carbon allotrope like a fullerene retains its function over a long period, allowing it to perform its function, it is said to be kinetically stable. On the other hand, thermodynamic stability refers to the conditions under which a process satisfies thermodynamic spontaneity criteria. Many observed structural features of weak (non-covalent) interactions are characterized by changes in Gibbs free energy when transitioning from an initial state to a final state. This energy difference between the initial state and other intermediate or final conformations allows us to analyze and understand the thermodynamic stability of fullerenes.

[0085] Fullerenes exhibit antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging. Free radicals are unstable molecules that are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism; however, they can accumulate or cause other problems associated with cancer and other diseases. C60 fullerenes have been shown to be scavengers of these free radicals, thus improving the cellular environment and even within the cell. Furthermore, their effects can be enhanced by functional groups that improve properties such as solubility. Compared to other antioxidants, fullerenes have been shown to be more effective than vitamin E in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. The most common fullerene, C60, is a stable icosahedron with 30 readily accepting double bonds of free radicals, hence it has been given the term "free radical sponge" (Kreschmer et al., Nature 347:354-358 (1990)). This unique characteristic of C60 fullerenes enables them to absorb cellularly damaging reactive oxygen species, and their antioxidant activity combined with their small size and large surface area makes them attractive for effective applications in biomedicine and clinical treatment (Markovic et al., Biomaterials 29:3561-3573 (2008)). Normal cellular processes and some abnormal reactions in mitochondria can lead to the generation of free radicals. Excessive production of these free radicals can cause cell damage and ultimately lead to cancer. The inherent free radical scavenging properties of fullerenes represent a breakthrough in cancer therapy. Due to their small size, fullerenes exhibit high permeability and retention effects (RPE) in tumor masses, reducing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) without being consumed. They also inhibit the activation of cancer and tumor growth-promoting genes and angiogenesis (angiogenesis) that nourishes tumor masses as an anti-cancer agent (Chen et al., *Therapeutic Diagnostics* 2:238 (2012), DOI:10.7150 / THNO.3509). One application of the aqueous solution described in this paper is as a therapeutic agent exhibiting antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging.

[0086] Fullerenes can also be oxidizing in certain situations, such as in photodynamic and photothermal therapies. Therefore, fullerenes can be used as potential photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is a non-invasive treatment that involves generating reactive oxygen species in a localized area, which is then irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of a selected wavelength or wavelength range, leading to the destruction of target cells (e.g., cancer cells) through various pathways. One application of the aqueous solution described herein is as a therapeutic agent in photodynamic therapy.

[0087] In recent decades, nanoparticles have become prominent in the combined treatment of cancer with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. In conventional cancer treatment, despite the many options available, harmful side effects commonly associated with their use (including hair loss) are still considered detrimental. Another significant phenomenon in treating cancer with existing chemotherapeutic agents is their resistance and, in some cases, their inefficiency. This can lead to the need for multiple changes in treatment regimens. Many existing chemotherapy regimens use therapeutic substances that are not specifically targeted at tumor cells but instead impair the survival and division of healthy cells in contact with them. This situation not only necessitates finding treatment options that remain effective in controlling tumors but also require significantly reducing these side effects. Another mechanism in cancer treatment using fullerenes is that fullerenes can act as metastasis inhibitors, reducing the likelihood of cancer cell spread, scavenging free radicals, and thus protecting the cell membranes of healthy cells. Studies have shown that fullerene derivatives exhibit broad anti-tumor properties, including immune enhancement, antioxidant, anti-metastasis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, and inhibition of multidrug resistance, making them an emerging option for the effective treatment of various types of cancer with fewer side effects and adverse reactions. One application of the aqueous solution described in this article is as a therapeutic agent for treating cancer.

[0088] Another application of the aqueous compositions presented herein is as drug delivery carriers. Fullerenes, due to their bioactive properties and the potential to reach the cell nucleus (whereby, due to their biocompatibility, the nanoparticles can be used for selective drug delivery and controlled release), can improve drug pharmacokinetics. This is demonstrated in applications related to the quenching of reactive oxygen species using functionalized fullerenes and targeted imaging. Fullerene nanoparticles can serve as efficient carriers for delivering drugs and therapeutic agents to tumors, enhancing their solubility, stability, and bioavailability, and allowing for controlled and targeted release at the tumor site.

[0089] Another application of the compositions provided herein is as biosensors. Fullerenes can be used as material-enhanced laser desorption / ionization (MELDI) materials for serum proteometry analysis for biomarker discovery. Recognition sites respond to the presence of biomolecules, and a converter transforms them into measurable signals. Taking advantage of the electromagnetic field of fullerenes, they can be used as signal amplifiers. In some applications, an effective mediator must be hydrophilic, and therefore it must have functional groups that facilitate its conjugation of biomolecules. Carboxylic acids, amines, and hydroxyl groups are used as functional groups for this application. Fullerenes can be polyhydroxylated fullerenes, also known as fullerols. Derived fullerenes can cross cell membranes. As electron mediators, fullerenes (whether modified or not in the aqueous compositions provided by this invention) can be used in biosensors.

[0090] Fullerenes have also become a subject of research in the healthcare field regarding their use in diagnostic imaging and therapy. One approach focuses on the use of fullerenes in magnetic resonance imaging, employing a gadolinium-based contrast agent that can be encapsulated because fullerenes can trap metal atoms, and after injection, C60 fullerenes can distribute in tissues and can be specifically repositioned in target organs without showing signs of toxicity. Because the formulations presented herein are aqueous, fullerenes are readily absorbed by the reticuloendothelial system. One application of the aqueous compositions presented herein is as diagnostic imaging compositions.

[0091] Any fullerene known in the art can be used in the aqueous formulations provided herein. Many types of fullerenes exist, characterized by always having 12 pentagons, regardless of the number of hexagons. The smallest fullerene is C20, which contains 20 pentagons and no hexagons. However, this structure has strong internal stress because the shape of each carbon molecule is highly non-planar. More stable fullerenes are C28, C32, C44, C44, C50, C58, C60, C70, C76, C84, C240, C540, C960, and many others. Among the various forms of fullerenes, C60 and C70 are the most commonly used in medical applications; they have been shown to have therapeutic efficacy and are readily excreted by the kidneys.

[0092] Fullerenes are commercially available. The production of fullerenes via electric arc and combustion is the most advanced technology, and fullerenes are produced on a kg-scale worldwide. Electric arc production has become an attractive technology because it involves lower reactor costs compared to combustion, and it is a green process, although it requires higher energy consumption. Furthermore, the electric arc method does not produce carcinogenic byproducts such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like combustion methods, which require additional enhanced purification stages.

[0093] The selected fullerene may be unmodified or modified. Modified fullerenes may include one or more hydrophilic groups on the surface of the molecule. Any group known in the art that imparts hydrophilicity can be used to surface-modify fullerene molecules. Exemplary groups include, but are not limited to, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, alcohol, amine, or sulfonate. Surface-modifying groups can be covalently or non-covalently attached to the surface of the fullerene. Surface modification with hydrophilic groups allows the fullerene to dissolve in water and disperse in solution. The fullerene may be a polyhydroxylated fullerene, called a fullerol.

[0094] Modified fullerenes can be formed by complexing a fullerene with a water-soluble polymer or a combination of water-soluble polymers. Examples of such polymers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, and proteins, and are non-covalently linked to the fullerene surface. The complex formed with the water-soluble polymer is stable in solution and allows the fullerene to dissolve and disperse in water.

[0095] The amount of fullerene in the aqueous composition can be from about 1 mg / L to 30,000 mg / L. The aqueous composition can be diluted to deliver the desired dose. The aqueous compositions provided herein may contain a certain amount of fullerene (which may be modified or unmodified or a combination of both) to deliver a dose containing 10 mg to 100 mg of fullerene. The aqueous compositions provided herein may contain a certain amount of fullerene (which may be modified or unmodified or a combination of both) to deliver a dose containing 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg, 35 mg, 40 mg, 45 mg, 50 mg, 55 mg, 60 mg, 65 mg, 70 mg, 75 mg, 80 mg, 85 mg, 90 mg, 95 mg, or 100 mg of fullerene.

[0096] Structured water

[0097] Structured water containing hydrogen and minerals, as used herein, can be produced by the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 100,562, filed January 23, 2023, by Best Planet Science, Inc., and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 100,563, filed January 23, 2023, the entire disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Structured water can also be produced using other methods described below.

[0098] Cavitation bubbles can appear within a fluid when vortices are generated in the fluid by the action of a rotor (e.g., rotating blades). When these cavitation bubbles encounter a pressure difference generated by the vortex along isobars, they burst into elliptical burst cavitation bubbles. A vortex generating device can be used, as described below. Vortexes can create a microscopic environment that favors cavitation and burst processes, resulting in local pressures calculated from about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and local temperatures calculated from at least 5000 K in water, which is conducive to the formation of structured water. As an example, vortices can be generated by rotating a vortex generating system at 3600 rpm, which produces an average linear velocity of about 50 m / s for the water in the vortex and an absolute pressure of less than 2 kPa.

[0099] surfactants

[0100] Because fullerenes have low solubility in water (10) -6 The fullerene is integrated by generating micelles that surround it (mg / L) and the base product is water containing both organic and inorganic salts. Micelles can be formed using surfactants, lipophilic agents, oils, or combinations thereof. In some formulations, micelles can be formed using surfactants alone. In some formulations, micelles can be formed using oils alone. In some formulations, micelles can be formed using a combination of surfactants and oils. Exemplary oils include essential oils, such as flavorings, olive oil, and coconut oil. In some formulations, micelles are formed using essential oils, which can be low-density materials, resulting in nanoemulsions that simultaneously impart a pleasant flavor to the product. Exemplary essential oils include, but are not limited to, thymol, menthol, methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil), eucalyptol, carvacrol, camphor, anethole, carvone, eugenol, isoeugenol, limonene, n-decyl alcohol, citronellol, α-phellandrene, methyl acetate, citronellol acetate, isoamyl acetate, methyl eugenol, eucalyptol, linalool, ethyl linalool, spearmint oil, peppermint oil, lemon oil, orange oil, sage oil, rosemary oil, cinnamon oil, peppermint oil, laurel oil, cedarwood oil, geraniol, verbenaenolide, anise oil, laurel oil, benzaldehyde, bergamot oil, bitter almond, chlorothymol, cinnamaldehyde, citronella oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, guaiacol, lavender oil, pine oil, pine needle oil, safrole oil, spike lavender oil, thyme oil, clove oil, and combinations thereof.

[0101] Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules, meaning they possess both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. When a surfactant is added to a solution containing a fullerene, the hydrophilic portion of the surfactant interacts with water molecules, while the hydrophobic portion interacts with the fullerene. This can lead to the formation of water-soluble micelles or surfactant-fullerene complexes.

[0102] Any surfactant known in the art can be used. In some applications, nonionic surfactants are used to interact with fullerenes. Nonionic surfactants may be selected from sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene ethers, polysorbitan esters, or combinations thereof. In some formulations, polysorbitan ester surfactants are used. Polysorbitan ester surfactants are ethoxylated sorbitan esters and include polysorbitan ester 20 (polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate), polysorbitan ester 40 (polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monopalmitate), polysorbitan ester 60 (polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monostearate), and polysorbitan ester 80 (polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monooleate), wherein the number 20 after the "polyoxyethylene" part refers to the total number of oxyethylene groups -(CH2CH2O)- present in the molecule. The number after the "polysorbitan ester" part relates to the type of fatty acid associated with the polyoxyethylene sorbitan anhydride part of the molecule. Monolaurate is designated as 20, monopalmitate as 40, monostearate as 60, and monooleate as 80. In some formulations, fullerenes are coated with the nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80.

[0103] In some formulations, olive oil may be present in amounts from 0.1 to 800 g / L or from 1 to 80 g / L. In some formulations, coconut oil may be present in amounts from 0.1 to 800 g / L or from 1 to 80 g / L. In some formulations, surfactants may be present in amounts from 1 to 10,000 mg / L or from 10 to 1,000 mg / L. In some formulations, surfactants may be or include polysorbate. In some formulations, essential oils may be present in amounts from 0.01 to 20 g / L or from 0.1 to 5 mg / L. In some formulations, essential oils include benzaldehyde.

[0104] In some methods, aqueous compositions containing fullerenes can be prepared by methods including: preparation and dissolution of fullerenes, preparation of an aqueous substance having minerals and hydrogen, and mixing the two components together using a structuring method described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 100,562, filed January 23, 2023, and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 100,563, filed January 23, 2023, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Additional hydrogen may be added.

[0105] When water is structured, it increases its ability to retain dissolved hydrogen and alters its diamagnetic properties compared to conventional water. Conventional drinking water has a maximum retention capacity of approximately 2 ppm of dissolved hydrogen. In contrast, structured water can retain approximately 3 ppm to approximately 5 ppm of dissolved hydrogen. That is, structured water increases hydrogen retention capacity by approximately 50% to approximately 150% compared to conventional drinking water.

[0106] As used herein, the term "structured water" refers to a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules with hollow cavities, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges. When viewed from above, the arrangement of water molecules in the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape. The terms "structured water" and "H3O2 molecule" are used interchangeably in this application. As previously mentioned, the structure and growth of planar structures of water at different interfaces have been studied. These previous studies involved natural hydrogen bridge interactions in specific regions of water, while the structured water of the present invention is such that, in addition to the effects of magnetization and mineral injection processes as described herein, the arrangement of water molecules is altered by applying high-energy processes to water during cavitation and implosion processes. These processes change the bond energy between adjacent water molecules and achieve a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules with hollow cavities, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules with unique properties connected by hydrogen bridges. The main difference between the “structured water” or H3O2 molecules found in the literature and the “structured water” or H3O2 molecules of the present invention lies in the promotion of molecular self-replication, which promotes the formation of the three-dimensional spiral cage structure of the present invention under appropriate high-energy processes.

[0107] Furthermore, the structured water used in this invention differs from "structured water" as is commonly known or described, because previously known "structured water" refers to the intrinsic processes of water. In contrast, the structured water used in this invention is produced through the application of a high-energy process ("structuring") as described herein. Structuring is a process in which water undergoes drastic changes in pressure and temperature at a microscopic state through implosion and cavitation energy, along with certain organic and inorganic salts, at temperatures below atmospheric temperature. This energy enhances molecular interactions and alters the properties of water. As a result, the electrical and thermal conductivity of water can be altered to facilitate the formation of the structured water of this invention. This change in water properties, along with subsequent temperature reduction, the addition of molecular gases, and magnetization, promotes the formation of the structured water of this invention. The structured water used in the compositions of this invention alters the properties of water and the bioavailability of its constituent elements.

[0108] For example, in structured water, adjacent molecules are connected by hydrogen bridges to form structures such as... Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5A and Figure 5BThe hexagonal structure shown. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement of water molecules, in which the pattern is replicated in different planes, and this structure is considered superior to the ordinary arrangement of water molecules. It can not only reduce the density of the fluid, but also change its electromechanical properties. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hexagonal arrangement of water molecules, showing two adjacent hydrogen and oxygen molecules forming a hexagonal plane, in which the water molecule plane is parallel or approximately parallel to the surface. Figure 5A This is an illustration of a single three-dimensional spiral cage structure of a polygonal water molecule, wherein the polygonal water molecule contains two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges. Figure 5B yes Figure 5A A top view of a single spiral cage structure, showing the hexagonal shape of the three-dimensional spiral cage structure. Figure 5B A single three-dimensional helical cage structure of the present invention is shown, with the atomic radius dimensions plotted to scale, estimated based on the given thermodynamic conditions discussed herein. Although Figure 5B It is a top view of a single spiral cage-like structure, but it shows the arrangement of multiple water molecules.

[0109] Multiple hexagonal structures formed by adjacent water molecules can be stacked in a direction perpendicular to the plane forming the hexagonal structure. Each hexagonal structure forming the stacked structure can rotate due to its electromagnetic properties. Arrangements of hexagonal structures formed by H3O2 molecules can also be replicated in different planes, which, in addition to changes in electromechanical properties, allows for an increase in fluid density. In other arrangements, two adjacent hexagonal structures can be formed in different planes, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this structured water can contain multiple water molecules oriented in a planar manner, where adjacent water molecules are bridged by hydrogen bonds to form six-membered rings, thus constituting a two-dimensional ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement in a plane. This plane is replicated and stacked multiple times in a direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement, and then bridged by hydrogen bonds to form multiple layers of two-dimensional ordered hexagonal matrix arrangements, thereby forming multiple three-dimensional helical cage-like structures composed of polygonal water molecules. Each helical cage-like structure has a central cavity, and when viewed from above, each helical cage-like structure appears hexagonal. The density of structured water can be 10% higher than that of standard water. The density of structured water can be approximately 1.5 to approximately 5 times the density of standard water.

[0110] The stability and properties of this structured water, formed by the interaction of adjacent water molecules, originate from the electromagnetic effect between molecular hydrogen and the H3O2 structure of this invention. This structure forms a matrix with the ability to weave a network that traps hydrogen molecules within the hollow cavities formed in the three-dimensional cage-like structure of H3O2. This arrangement imparts buoyancy to the H3O2 structure and reduces or maintains, but does not increase, any forced entanglement between adjacent water molecules. This behavior can be explained by the Zeeman / Stark effect, where, although atoms exert a small electromagnetic field on water molecules, they still affect the energy levels around them and change as described by these phenomena.

[0111] The hexagonal structure formed by hydrogen bridges between adjacent water molecules leads to the stabilization of the material, and different salts can adhere to the surface of the stabilized material. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the size and structure of various organic salts of minerals allow them to be housed within the three-dimensional helical cage structure of the H3O2 molecule of the present invention. The structured water used in the compositions of the present invention preferably comprises materials including metals (e.g., but not limited to calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium) and their salts.

[0112] The phenomenon of vapor formation in a fluid due to a sudden drop in pressure is called cavitation. For this process, the liquid experiences temperatures exceeding 5000°C and pressures exceeding 10 MPa. These temperature and pressure values ​​are achieved by the potential energy of the implosion of water vapor bubbles and the kinetic energy of the fluid. Potential energy is established based on the specific pressure and volume parameters of each molecule and is equal to the work done by the pressure difference Pd - Pv across the vapor volume during the entire collapse of the cavitation bubble, where Pd is the impeller (rotor) pressure and Pv is the vapor pressure of the cavitation bubble. The implosion energy of an undisturbed steam bubble is equal to the ambient pressure p∞, as shown in Function 1:

[0113]

[0114] As described in “Dynamic Correlation of Cavitation Collapse Loads – in the Journal of Fluid Physics”, 31, S. Schenke, T. Melissaris and TJC van Terwisga, 2019 (Schenke 2019).

[0115] In function 1, R0 is the potential energy of the bubble, and R0 is the initial radius of the bubble. ∞ ,p v The ambient pressure and vapor pressure are respectively, and this function is effective for undisturbed spherical bubbles. Thermochemically stabilized structures endow fluids with new properties, altering their thermal and electrical conductivity, which improves their interactions with electronegative structures, such as cells in mammals.

[0116] This document describes further details of the generation of structured water according to the present invention, including a system for generating structured water that can be used in the compositions of the present invention.

[0117] Return to reference Figure 5A and 5B These figures illustrate the structural organization of structured water. For example... Figure 3 and 4 As shown, adjacent water molecules in liquid water at 4°C are arranged in a hexagonal pattern, and multiple planes of this hexagonal arrangement of water molecules are connected by hydrogen bridges to form... Figure 5A The three-dimensional spiral cage structure is shown. In this model, the local charge depends on the density of electronegative oxygen atoms. This model explains the variation in electronegativity in the repulsive region where this configuration occurs, and also explains the variations in properties such as a refractive index 10% higher than normal water and a higher density than normal water.

[0118] Figure 5B yes Figure 5A The diagram shows a top view of the arrangement of water molecules. As described herein, this three-dimensional spiral cage structure is generated through cavitation and implosion processes.

[0119] Homogenization is crucial for appropriately breaking different bonds to dissolve molecules. (Reference) Figure 6 The organic salts of minerals that may be included in the compositions of the present invention are electronegative in nature and can be organized themselves to be compatible with... Figure 5A and 5B The water molecules shown are arranged in a similar pattern. That is, the atomic size of these elements allows them to be trapped within the hollow cavities created by the three-dimensional spiral cage structure of structured water.

[0120] Other properties of the resulting fluid involve electrodynamics derived from the addition of gaseous hydrogen (H2) comprising an aqueous solution of ions containing nanostructures of stabilized hydrogen. When this gas contacts the surface of the cell wall with water molecules, it modulates the cell membrane potential and its electrical properties. Thus, the ionic aqueous fluid electrodynamically provides modulation of the cell membrane potential and facilitates intracellular signal transduction.

[0121] Return to reference Figure 5A and 5B Based on the energy generated during cavitation and implosion, a three-dimensional helical cage structure is created through hydrogen bridges between adjacent molecules, forming channels (hollow cavities) that can trap various components. By forming these structures, water can retain dissolved hydrogen molecules, minerals, and additives for longer periods. The stability of dissolved components is also affected by the interaction between H2 bridges and structured water molecules.

[0122] Mechanism of water structuring process

[0123] This document describes a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules that can be used in compositions of the present invention based on energy generated during cavitation and implosion processes, wherein adjacent water molecules are connected by hydrogen bridges, including a system that can be used to implement a structuring process to produce structured water.

[0124] The structuring process can be summarized into three stages, as referenced in this article. Figures 7A to 7C As stated above.

[0125] Phase 1. Energy transfer from solid to fluid, wherein a high-kinetic-energy solid creates a pressure differential over a working fluid that has a predetermined structure due to the minerals it contains and has high kinetic energy. Figure 7A This is an illustration of a high-kinetic-energy solid that creates a pressure difference over a working fluid, which already possesses a predetermined structure due to minerals contained in the water. In addition to the fluid's internal energy, this high-kinetic-energy solid also possesses high kinetic energy. (As shown...) Figure 7A As shown, water molecules 100A and mineral atoms 200A (such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, etc.) are dispersed within the water molecules and come into contact with a high-kinetic-energy solid 300A. The high-kinetic-energy solid 300A is responsible for providing kinetic energy to the fluid and providing space for the formation of cavitation and implosion processes.

[0126] Stage 2. Vacuum pressure, bubble formation, in which high-kinetic-energy solids are removed to create a high vacuum region, and due to the thermodynamic properties of water, water violently transforms from the liquid phase to the gas phase, and this transformation generates a large amount of energy.

[0127] Stage 3. The implosion process begins immediately after the high-kinetic-energy solid 300A leaves the volume defined by its geometry, creating a vacuum pressure in the system. During this process, energy is violently and concentrically transferred at various locations due to the vacuum created in the region vacated by the high-kinetic-energy solid 300A. This process occurs at a local pressure of approximately 100 MPa and a temperature of approximately 5000 K, which are generated within the water during the cavitation and implosion processes.

[0128] Figure 7B and 7C This is a schematic diagram showing two regions created when a vacuum is formed within the collapse zone 400A after the solid is removed, and the water molecule layer 100A closest to the collapse zone 400A changes its phase and becomes gas, thereby increasing the temperature of the fluid.

[0129] Cavitation describes the phenomenon that occurs within a liquid when the pressure field undergoes changes in time and distance. These changes, depending on the properties of the liquid, result in the formation of cavities filled with fluid in its vapor phase. These cavities are then violently compressed, reaching the gas phase under high pressure and temperature. Due to this process, a rapid transfer of energy occurs between the previously vacuum region and the region where the density of water changes.

[0130] This phenomenon is caused by the difference between the static pressure and vapor pressure of a fluid. When the static pressure (pressure of a stationary fluid) is lower than its vapor pressure, small cavities filled with vapor may exist within the fluid. Increasing the pressure on the fluid causes these cavities to implode or collapse, thereby generating an energy wave emanating from the implosion site.

[0131] Figure 8 shows a representative schematic diagram of this process. In Figure 8, a cavitation bubble 3200 is shown under normal pressure conditions (before exposure to a pressure gradient). When the cavitation bubble 3200 experiences a baroclinity (ρ×p1) at a point and converges with a region having a different pressure gradient (p2), the cavitation bubble 3200 experiences a shock wave that moves through the fluid due to the difference in pressure gradients. This causes the cavitation bubble 3200 to implode and form an imploded cavitation bubble 3300, which generates additional energy. The baroclinity, typically represented by ρ×p, is a measure of the misalignment between the density gradient and pressure gradient of the fluid, where ρ is the density gradient and p is the pressure gradient of the fluid.

[0132] Figure 9 shows another schematic representation of this process. For example... Figure 10 As shown, when the rotor (such as a rotating blade) 3000 generates eddies in the fluid at a velocity V0, cavitation bubbles 3200 are formed inside the fluid. When these cavitation bubbles 3200 encounter the pressure difference generated by the eddies along the isobaric line 3400, they burst inward to form an elliptical bursting cavitation bubble 3300.

[0133] Various methods exist for generating the above-mentioned cavitation and collapse processes, including but not limited to: (1) flow on a hydrofoil; (2) supercavitating hydrofoil; (3) flow on a propeller; (4) turbulent cutting flow; (5) use of an inlet chamber; and (6) bubble chamber.

[0134] The molecular structure, geometry of individual hatching molecules, and molecular groups present in structured water were simulated. Based on qualitative characterization of various parameters, such as hydrodynamic impact pressure and impact velocity of the liquid microjets, as well as the hydrodynamic gravity generated by cavitation and implosion processes, the hydrodynamic impact pressure of the implosion of a single cavitation bubble was calculated, as described in this paper. Most hydrodynamic impacts occurred within the calculated local pressure range of 0.2 GPa to 3 GPa. The calculated temperatures obtained during these processes reached over 5000 K within nanoseconds, causing the fluid density to vary by approximately 1.5 to approximately 6 times in the region closest to the implosion.

[0135] The water contained in the formulations of the present invention can be obtained from any water source, including but not limited to non-potable water that has been treated to make it drinkable; rural or urban water supply networks; atmospheric water that has been condensed, collected and used as a water source, etc., but not limited thereto, and water from any water source can be used.

[0136] Water structuring system

[0137] Exemplary embodiments of a water structuring system that can be used to produce structured water as used in this invention are described in Figure 12-21 As shown in the diagram and described in further detail in this application, the water-structured system includes a vortex-generating system to achieve the aforementioned thermodynamic conditions through cavitation and implosion processes. The vortex-generating system generates multiple microstates, thereby creating a favorable environment for hydrogen generation.

[0138] Eddies create a microscopic environment that promotes cavitation and implosion processes, resulting in localized pressures (calculated to be from approximately 0.2 GPa to approximately 3 GPa) and localized temperatures (calculated to be at least 5000 K) in the water, thus promoting the formation of structured water. As an example, for instance, by rotating an eddy current generating system at a speed of 3600 rpm, an average linear velocity of approximately 50 m / s and an absolute pressure below 2 kPa can be generated within the eddies.

[0139] These aforementioned conditions generate pressure and temperature changes within the eddy, enabling processes such as initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud formation, coherence loss, cavitation cloud growth, collision, and implosion. These processes generate temperatures of approximately 10,000 K. Consequently, the pyrolysis of water can occur in microstates formed in water, and the diameters of these formations or microstates can reach approximately 56 μm.

[0140] One example of hydrogen production is the reaction of magnesium with water. Recent studies have shown that powdered magnesium can be used to produce hydrogen efficiently (from 11% (see, for example, Shetty et al., “Comparative study of hydrogen production by ball milling magnesium powder reacting with two water-soluble salts (NaCl and KCl) in hot water”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 45(48), pp. 25890-25899 (2020), ISSN 0360-3199, https: / / doi.org / 10.1016 / j.ijhydene.2020.03.156) to 90% (see, for example, Kuschke et al., “Magnesium-based hydrogen production compositions”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36(1), pp. 1321-1325 (2011), doi:10.1016 / j.ijhydene.2010.06.115)). Another example is the method described in U.S. Patent No. 5,494,538, in which a magnesium alloy is mixed with a small amount of one or more metals (e.g., nickel and zinc), which act as catalysts in the reaction of the magnesium alloy with chlorinated water.

[0141] To produce gaseous hydrogen, the amount of particulate magnesium used is sufficient to achieve the maximum solubility of hydrogen in water. The maximum solubility of hydrogen in water is approximately 1 ppm to approximately 5 ppm of hydrogen dissolved in water.

[0142] Incorporating Mg into the water structuring process described in this paper increases hydrogen production and also improves cavitation and implosion processes. For example... Figure 10 As shown, metallic Mg and water can be added to the reactor and then sent to the structured system.

[0143] Mg is one example of a mineral that can be used to produce hydrogen in this manner, and when the method is carried out under appropriate temperature, pressure, time parameters, etc., it also improves the cavitation and implosion processes. Since Mg does not exist in its pure state in nature, it can be obtained from naturally occurring magnesium compounds (such as magnesite). Magnesite (usually MgCO3) is a composition of magnesium salts and other trace elements (such as iron, nickel, manganese, cobalt, etc.). Figure 11 As typically shown, metallic magnesium can be obtained from naturally occurring magnesite using various methods (e.g., extraction, electrolysis, and precipitation) in any suitable order. The metallic Mg can then be used to produce structured water rich in dissolved hydrogen, as described above.

[0144] The materials used to produce hydrogen are not limited to Mg and magnesite, and any suitable material that reacts with water to produce hydrogen may also be used. Other examples of such minerals include, but are not limited to, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, etc., including any of their salts.

[0145] The particle size of Mg used can be from about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm. The particle size of Mg can be equal to any one or more integer values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any acceptable deviations. The particle size of Mg affects the hydrogen gas produced by the reaction of magnesium and water because the geometry of the clusters formed by metallic Mg depends on the size of the Mg particles. When the particle size of magnesium reacting with water is within this range, smaller Mg clusters are formed, which increases the surface area available for reaction with water and contributes to the generation of hydrogen bubbles.

[0146] Magnesium (Mg) is a very reactive element and reacts with water at low temperatures to produce magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. By increasing the amount of water, the reaction can be changed to produce magnesium hydroxide instead of magnesium oxide. The reaction between magnesium and water is summarized in Equations 1-3:

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] The reaction that produces magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide is exothermic.

[0150] Design vortex

[0151] The following discussion presents a two-equation mathematical model describing the phenomena observed in a water structuring system that can be used to produce structured water for the purposes of this invention. A characteristic feature of the two-equation model is a fifth-order nonlinear aerodynamic damping term. Similarly, the model can be used for qualitative analysis, and additional experiments are considered for quantitative analysis. Based on the two-equation mathematical model, specific parameters and conditions for generating eddies are designed, as described herein.

[0152] The two-equation mathematical model includes equation A and equation B:

[0153]

[0154] In equation A, This represents a flow field with a velocity distribution u. This represents the velocity distribution of the field. In equation B, Γ is defined as the circulation function of the fluid, and S is an arbitrary surface. The main characteristics of eddies in a fluid are:

[0155] The vorticity at a point in a fluid is a vector. Vorticity is in a specific direction. The component above is in the fluid with The vorticity is twice the angular velocity of two mutually orthogonal line segments. Therefore, vorticity is a measure of the rotational speed of a fluid.

[0156] Just because the flow field rotates on a large scale does not mean that ω in the flux is non-zero (to obtain Γ other than 0, for viscous fluids, ω should be non-zero at least at a point or in a finite region). Even if the streamlines of the flow are not curved, the flow itself can be rotating, i.e., "vortex lines are material lines." A vortex line is a line tangent to the local vorticity vector. A vortex tube is the collection of all vortex lines passing through a finite region. The circulation around a vortex tube is constant and independent of the shape and position of the profile. As long as the fluid is barotropic, subjected to ambient forces, and only to potential forces, the circulation around any material loop in the fluid is time-independent. Vorticity is improved by stretching along the axis of rotation of the fluid element. Viscosity causes vorticity to diffuse outwards from the lateral lines. Baroclinism can generate vorticity within the fluid. When the flow is rotating, the vorticity of a fluid element is proportional to its density, and the compression of the fluid increases the vorticity.

[0157] Design cavitation and implosion processes in eddies

[0158] This section describes a model of the onset of cavitation and implosion in a vortex. In this model, a simplified Rayleigh-Prisset single-bubble implosion model is used. The degree of cavitation development is characterized by a dimensionless parameter called the cavitation number σ, which is defined as:

[0159]

[0160] Where, p ref It is the reference pressure of the liquid, p v ρ is the actual pressure of the liquid, ρ is the fluid density, and V is the flow velocity.

[0161] The Rayleigh-Prisset equation is a second-order differential equation used to calculate the behavior of a bubble volume as a function of its radius R(t):

[0162]

[0163] Among them, [p v -p ∞ [(t)] is the difference between the applied pressure and the vapor pressure, and is the driving term for bubble evolution. The second term of the equation is the contribution of the non-condensable gas, where the constant mass of the gas is assumed to follow polytropic thermodynamic behavior characterized by a given polytropic coefficient k. S is the surface tension coefficient, expressed in N / m or J / m 2 express.

[0164] Based on the Rayleigh-Prisley model described above, specific parameters and conditions for generating eddies, as well as the resulting cavitation and implosion processes, were designed.

[0165] The implosion system described in this paper is designed to maximize the implosion phenomenon, maximize stiffness to prevent the system from reaching its elastic limit and enable the reuse of the system, provide safety, minimize manufacturing, maintenance and operating costs, and minimize weight.

[0166] In an exemplary embodiment, in order to obtain structured water usable in this invention, the rotor of the motor rotates at a speed of approximately 1800 rpm to approximately 7000 rpm. The speed can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any suitable variations.

[0167] During the cavitation and implosion processes, the initial pressure within the structured chamber can be from about 50 kPa to about 105 kPa. The pressure can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any suitable variations. At pressures within these ranges, the energy of the macroscopic state of water increases. During the implosion process, the local pressure of the microscopic state of water present near the implosion can reach from about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa, and the local temperature can be at least 5000 K.

[0168] Within these ranges, the systems described in this paper generate cavitation and implosion processes at the required energy levels to produce “structured water” with high hydrogen solubility over time. This paper discusses structured water and its various components.

[0169] The following is a description of the fluid dynamics that form the basis for generating the eddies of the present invention to produce the structured water of the present invention.

[0170] The velocity distribution of a Rankine vortex with a central radius of a and a maximum circulation Γ is as follows:

[0171]

[0172] The total angular momentum per unit length contained within the radius r0→∞ is:

[0173]

[0174] Cavitation vortices are designed to make:

[0175] r ≤ ri (steam)

[0176] r≥ri (liquid)

[0177] (Hojastch-Manesh et al., “Evaluation of microscale nozzle cavitation intensity based on Euler-Lagrange bubble dynamics simulation”, Journal of Fluid Engineering, 141(6):061303(14 pages), June 2019, published online on April 4, 2019).

[0178] An exemplary embodiment of a water structuring device that can be used to prepare structured water suitable for the compositions disclosed herein is... Figure 12 The water structuring system 200 is schematically shown in the diagram. (Example) Figure 12 As shown, the water structuring system 200 may include a water supply source 10 and a water filtration system 200F. The water filtration system 200F may include a water filter 20, a reverse osmosis filter 30, and a sterilizer 40.

[0179] In all the water structuring devices described herein, the water supply source 10 can originate from one or more sources. For example, the water supply source 10 can originate from one or more water supply networks and / or from moisture in the air, which can be condensed, collected, and used as a water source. However, the water supply source 10 can be any water source. One advantage of using atmospheric moisture as the water supply source 10 is that it allows water to be obtained in the absence of traditional water sources such as rivers or water supply networks.

[0180] After water is obtained from water source 10, the water can be output to water filter 20. Water filter 20 may include, for example, a sedimentation filter and / or a filter containing any other compound that can help filter out unwanted components from the water source. Additionally or alternatively, water filter 20 may include activated carbon. In one embodiment, reverse osmosis filter 30 may be optional, depending on the type or quality of the water. For example, reverse osmosis filter 30 may be used when tap water is used as the water source. In one embodiment, after being filtered by water filter 20, water may be directed to reverse osmosis filter 30 and then to sterilizer 40, which includes ultraviolet (UV) light emission. In some embodiments, sterilizer 40 may include, but is not limited to, an ultraviolet (UV) lamp, and any suitable sterilization method may be used. Depending on the quality and type of the water source, various different types of water filtration and sterilization devices may be used in water filtration system 200F. In some embodiments, water filtration system 200F may not be necessary if the quality of the water is sufficient to output structured water according to this disclosure.

[0181] Still referencing Figure 12 The water structuring system 200 may also include a structured water generator 60, which is directly or indirectly connected to the water filtration system 200F and the mineral supply source 50. The water filtration system 200F can purify water received from the water supply source 10 via a water filter 20, a reverse osmosis filter 30, and a sterilizer 40. The water can then be output to the structured water generator 60 to alter its energy structure through agitation and cavitation.

[0182] In one embodiment, the structured water generator 60 may receive minerals dispensed from a mineral supply source 50 and purified water discharged from a sterilizer 40 or water directly from a water supply source 10. In one embodiment, the mineral supply source 50 may add minerals and additives to the water in the structured water generator 60 via a mineral input. The minerals and additives may include, but are not limited to, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), one or more amino acids selected from biotin (vitamin B7), folic acid (vitamin B9), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cobalamin (vitamin B12), L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-citrulline, L-glutamine, theanine, etc., and any suitable metabolites of essential amino acids, such as hydroxymethylbutyrate or β-hydroxyβ-methylbutyrate. One or more of these minerals and additives may be, but are not limited to, water-soluble salts selected from, but not limited to, lactates, sulfates, selenites, halides, nitrates, acetates, hydroxides, etc., and any suitable anion safe for consumption and / or ingestion may be used. In some other embodiments, various suitable cations may be used in combination with any suitable anion safe for consumption and / or ingestion. In some other embodiments, the mineral is a lactate or a selenite. In some other embodiments, the mineral is one or more selected from calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, ferric lactate, zinc lactate, copper lactate, sodium selenite, etc. Suitable minerals that may be included in the water compositions described herein are not limited, and any minerals or additives considered essential for normal human function and / or life and / or considered essential trace elements and / or found in natural mineral waters may be used.

[0183] In an exemplary embodiment, the water structuring system 200 may include a feeder and a discharger (not shown in the figure for clarity of illustration and explanation). The feeder may be any suitable means for feeding fluid into the water structuring system 200, including but not limited to pipes, tubes, valves, connecting parts, etc., and may be made of any suitable material. The discharger may be any suitable means for discharging fluid from the water structuring system 200, including but not limited to pipes, tubes, valves, connecting parts, etc., and may be made of any suitable material. One or more of the feeder and discharger may be integrally formed with other components in the water structuring system 200, or may be formed separately and connected to the water structuring system 200 via one or more connecting means. Non-limiting examples of connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welds, etc.

[0184] Still referencing Figure 12The water structuring system 200 may also include a mineral reactor 52 or a mineral reactor 52 and a mixer 54. For example, the mixer 54 may be a cyclone mixer, but is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the mixer 54 may receive filtered water from the water filtration system 200F or directly from the water supply source 10, depending on the quality of water required for structuring according to this disclosure. In one embodiment, the mineral reactor 52 may output H2, MgO, and water to be input into the mixer 54. In one embodiment, the mixer 54 may receive one or more gases, including but not limited to hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc., simultaneously or sequentially from the gas supply source 80.

[0185] Figure 13 An exemplary arrangement of a mineral reactor 52 and a mixer 54 coupled to a structured water generator 60 is shown. In this embodiment, the mineral reactor 52 may include a container 52A, a motor 52D, a rotator (or rotating device) 52B, and a housing 52C. The rotator 52B may be a helical mixing device (or auger, drill bit, screw, etc.) attached to the motor 52D. Magnesium may be stored in the container 52A. The magnesium stored in the container 52A may be mixed with water via the rotator 52B, such as... Figure 13 As shown. Then, according to this disclosure, the reactor (not shown in the figure for clarity and explanation) can produce MgO and H2, which can then be sent to mixer 54 to mix with minerals, additives and / or additional H2.

[0186] The velocity of mixer 54 (e.g., a cyclone mixer) can depend on the desired quantity and quality of water being treated in the structured water generator 60. In one embodiment, the average velocity of the water in the cyclone mixer can be set to 10 m / s, and the pressure can be 45 psi. However, based on Bernoulli's principle, the velocity and pressure can be varied according to the desired quantities of MgO and H2 output from the mineral reactor 52. (Return to Reference) Figure 12Water from mixer 54 can be output to structured water generator 60 via the aforementioned feeder. In one embodiment, structured water generator 60 may include one or more blades that may be connected to a shaft connected to a speed amplifier. The speed amplifier may include a motor that rotates at high speeds to generate vortices in the water, which in turn produces cavitation and implosion, as previously described in this disclosure. This phenomenon causes water molecules to reach local temperatures above about 5,000 Kelvin (K), and depending on the energy generated during the implosion process, the temperature may be about 10,000 K or about 15,000 K, and individually any intermediate temperature. In one embodiment, structured water generator 60 may include a rotating and translating shell structure that translates and rotates a helical shell to generate the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes in the water contained within the helical shell. The movement of the rotating and translating shell structure is controlled by any suitable mechanism, including but not limited to actuators, such as a motor that transmits its movement to the shell via pulleys. The shell can be connected to channels that guide fluid flow, and guide the fluid to perform rotational and translational motions at frequencies greater than approximately 300 Hz. These motions cause the water phase to transform into steam, which generates the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes. The spiral / helical shell can be, but is not limited to, a tube in the form of a spiral or helical coil. Additional structural and mechanical details of the structured water generator 60 will be described in more detail later.

[0187] The initiation of cavitation depends on the coherent structure of a directional flow organized into paired vortex rings. Furthermore, continuous cavitation / implosion is observed within the vortex core, indicating a strong correlation between this cavitation / implosion and vortex dynamics. In the initial stages, vortex stretching is the dominant factor, responsible for vortex growth and the elliptical shape of the cavitation bubbles. Within water, cavitation bubbles develop an elliptical shape during implosion. The elliptical geometry of the imploding cavitation bubbles reflects the elliptical flow of the fluid and contributes to both cavitation and implosion processes. In contrast, expansion terms can produce enhancement or suppression of local vorticity depending on the volume change induced by cavitation, and during the implosion phase, bubbles generate baroclinic vorticity and contribute to three-dimensional vorticity. Exposure to cavitation and / or implosion homogenizes a mixture of water, added minerals, additives, and dissolved gases. Other methods for providing structured or homogenized mixtures include ultrasonic mixing or exposure to vacuum pressure differentials, which can be incorporated into apparatus and systems for producing structured water that can be used in the compositions provided herein.

[0188] Based on the periodic function of the implosion structure and the temporal evolution of the large vortex, the vortex can be divided into the following nine stages: initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision, implosion, and water recombination.

[0189] The linear flow velocity required to initiate the water recombination process is in the range of approximately 30 m / s to 300 m / s. The linear flow velocity can be any value or range within this range, including but not limited to the upper and lower limits and any acceptable variations.

[0190] Return to reference Figure 12 The water structuring system 200 may further include a magnetizer 70, a gas supplier 80, a cooling system 90, and a distribution module 100. As described above, in the structured water generator 60, minerals and / or additives may be added via the mineral supplier 50, and MgO and H2 may be added via the mineral reactor 52. Additionally or alternatively, the gas supplier 80 may supply H2 to the mixer 54. As described above, in addition to the H2 from the gas supplier 80, the mixer 54 (e.g., a vortex mixer) may also mix the H2 and MgO received from the mineral reactor 52, the minerals and / or additives added from the mineral supplier 50, and the water received from the water filtration system 200F or the water supply source 10. The mixture from the mixer 54 may then be output to the structured water generator 60 to perform the structuring process according to this disclosure.

[0191] After the water leaves the structured water generator 60, it can be magnetized by a magnetizer 70, which has, for example, a neodymium magnet. Then, a gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide can be added, and the structured water can be cooled before being dispensed into containers.

[0192] In one embodiment, magnetizer 70 may include any magnetizing device that generates a magnetic field, preferably strong enough to align the magnetic field of the water in a desired orientation. Any suitable magnetizing device may be used, including but not limited to magnets of metals such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), rare earth metals, combinations thereof, and alloys; naturally occurring magnetic minerals, primarily composed of iron, known as calamites; and / or electromagnets. In some embodiments, magnetizer 70 may include neodymium magnets. The arrangement of magnets in the magnetizer is not limited, and any suitable arrangement may be used. In some exemplary embodiments, magnetizer 70 aligns water molecules by generating an electromagnetic field in a conductive material that is magnetized by induction. In one embodiment, cooling system 90 may be arranged as part of a condenser and / or maintain a suitable temperature for water structuring and / or cool the final product before it is discharged from water structuring system 200. Furthermore, cooling system 90 may include any suitable means for cooling the fluid, including but not limited to air-cooled systems, water-cooled systems, thermoelectric coolers, electric coolers, etc.

[0193] Still referencing Figure 12In addition to supplying H2 to mixer 54, gas supply 80 can also supply one or more gases (such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or combinations thereof) to the water discharged from magnetizer 70. For example, CO2 can be provided to produce carbonation of the water, and oxygen can be added to provide more stable and longer-lasting structured water. The vaporized water can then be cooled by flowing the vaporized water through cooling system 90 and distributing it through distribution module 100 to containers (not shown in the figure for clarity). In one embodiment, water structuring system 200 may optionally include an additional sterilizer 42. The additional sterilizer 42 may be similar to the sterilizer 40 described above. Sterilizer 42 can sterilize or disinfect the water before it is discharged from magnetizer 70 to cooling system 90. All components can be controlled and powered by a power system (not shown in the figure for clarity) and controller 110. Figure 12 Each component shown can be arranged in any order to facilitate the proper operation of the water structuring device, including, for example... Figure 12 Arranged in the order shown.

[0194] Figure 14 An exemplary embodiment of a water structuring system 300 is shown. The water structuring system 300 may include... Figure 12 and Figure 13 The same or similar components are shown in the water structuring system 200. For the sake of brevity and clarity, details are omitted. Figure 12 and Figure 14 Description of the same component shown. (See reference) Figure 14 The water structuring system 300 may include a water supply source 10, which may additionally or alternatively include a direct supply 11 from a water supply network and / or a condensate collector 12 in which atmospheric moisture is condensed, collected, and stored. In some embodiments, the water structuring system 300 may use only one of the direct supply 11 or the condensate collector 12. In other embodiments, depending on water availability and / or the desired amount of water to be processed by the structured water generator 60, the water structuring system 300 may use the direct supply source 11 and the condensate collector 12 simultaneously, sequentially, or alternatively. Figure 14 The water structuring system 300 of the water supply source 10 shown can be used in conjunction with the reference system. Figure 12 It operates in a similar manner to the water structuring system 200 described in the text.

[0195] Figure 15 A water structuring system 400 is shown. The water structuring system 400 may include... Figure 12-14 The same or similar components are described in the water structuring systems 200 and 300 shown. Figures 12 to 14 The description of the same parts shown in [the document] is in [the context of the document]. Figure 15 The text is omitted to achieve a concise and clear expression. (Reference) Figure 15 The water structuring system 400 may include a gas supply 80, which may additionally or alternatively include a first gas supply module 81 and a second gas supply module 82. The first gas supply module 81 and the second gas supply module 82 may generate or store gases, including but not limited to oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and / or nitrogen. The gas supply 80 may include means, structures, or equipment for generating (e.g., hydrogen production batteries, proton exchange membrane (PEM) batteries) or separating gases, such as electrolysis or other processes, and means for gas storage, such as cylinders or pressurized tanks. As described above, for example, CO2 may be provided to produce carbonation of water (e.g., soft drinks), and oxygen may be added to the water to provide more stable and longer-lasting structured water. Figure 15 The water structuring system 400 of the gas supply 80 shown can be used in conjunction with the reference Figure 12 and Figure 14 The water structuring systems 200 and 300 operate in a similar manner to those described in the text.

[0196] Figure 16 A water structuring system 500 is shown. The water structuring system 500 may include... Figure 12-15 The components shown are the same or similar to those described in the water structuring systems 200-400. To make the explanation concise and clear, Figure 16 The middle omits the part about Figure 12-15 The description of the same components shown is provided. The water structuring system 500 may include a condenser collector 12 directly or indirectly connected between the water filtration system 200F and the structured water generator 60. The condenser collector 12 condenses and collects atmospheric moisture, acting as a cooling system that delivers condensate from the air to the inlet of the water filter 20 via pipe 121. In one embodiment, the condenser collector 12 may supply water to the structured water generator 60 without filtration by the water filtration system 200F. For example, in desert areas where the atmospheric water may be clean, with little or no impurities or pollutants, the water condensed from the condenser collector 12 can be directly sent to the structured water generator 60. The water structuring system 500, including the additional condenser collector 12 and pipe 121, can be configured with reference to the reference... Figure 12-15 It operates in a similar manner to the water structuring system described in 200-400.

[0197] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a water structuring system 600. The water structuring system 600 may include... Figure 12-16 The components shown are the same or similar to those described in the water structuring systems 200-500. For the sake of brevity and clarity, Figure 17 The middle part is omitted Figure 12-16 Description of the same component shown. Figure 17 The diagram illustrates the locations where injection pumps P1, P2, and P3 can be positioned within the connecting conduit to drive the treated water to be discharged. Pumps P1, P2, and P3 can provide suitable pressure to deliver fluid (e.g., water) to and from the various components of the water structuring system 600. The arrangement of the injection pumps is not limited to this, and any suitable arrangement can be used. Figure 17 The water structuring system 600 shown can be used in conjunction with the reference system. Figure 12-16 It operates in a similar manner to the water structuring system described in 200-500.

[0198] Figure 18A and Figure 18B This is a diagram of the water structuring system 700. The water structuring system 700 can be referenced in conjunction with the diagram above. Figure 12-17 One or more aspects of the water structuring system 200-600 are described. Figure 18A A front view of the water structuring system 700 is depicted, and Figure 18B An exploded view of the water structuring system 700 is depicted. For the purpose of brevity and clarity, references will be made below. Figure 18A Describe the water structuring system 700 and its components. For example... Figure 18A As shown, the water structuring system 700 may include a housing 701 and a water supply source 710 arranged adjacent to or directly or indirectly connected to the housing 701. The water supply source 710 may be, for example, an atmospheric humidity collector that condenses and collects water contained in atmospheric humidity. In one embodiment, the atmospheric humidity collector may include a cooling system that uses radial or axial fans or any other cooling device under a thermoelectric cooler. The atmospheric humidity collector may alternatively or additionally include a fixed-bed vapor absorption system filled with carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and other carbon allotropes, connected to a spiral condenser via a nozzle system that generates a pressure differential to absorb vapor and improve the condensation process.

[0199] The water structuring system 700 may include, for example, a fluid reservoir 702 and a water filtration system 700F within a housing 701. In some embodiments, the water filtration system 700F may include a water filter 20, a reverse osmosis filter 30, and / or a sterilizer 40 as disclosed in the foregoing embodiments. Furthermore, the water filtration system 700F may additionally or alternatively include a nanofilter. Additionally, the water structuring system may include a mineral reactor (or magnesium enhancement unit) 752, a structured water generator 760, a mixer 754, and a mineral supply 750. The structured water generator 760 may also include a vortex structuring system (described later in...). Figure 18C(Detailed description in -G). The mineral supply 750 may include one or more pumps to maintain the homogeneity of the desired mineral mixture in the water.

[0200] Water collected by water source 710 (e.g., water source 10 and / or condensate collector 12) can be fed to fluid storage 702, such as in housing 701. Figure 18A As shown. The water collected or stored in the fluid reservoir 702 can then be sent to a water filtration system 700F (e.g., water filter 20, reverse osmosis filter 30, sterilizer 40, and / or nanofilter) to filter or purify the water. The structured water generator 760 can also receive minerals dispensed from a mineral supply source 750. The mineral supply source 750 can add minerals and / or additives to the water in the structured water generator 760 via a mineral input. The trace elements may include, but are not limited to, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), one or more amino acids selected from biotin (vitamin B7), folic acid (vitamin B9), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cobalamin (vitamin B12), L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-citrulline, L-glutamine, theanine, etc., and any suitable metabolites of essential amino acids, such as hydroxymethylbutyrate or β-hydroxyβ-methylbutyrate. The minerals and additives added to the system can be any one or more suitable minerals and additives, including but not limited to any minerals and additives described herein.

[0201] The water-structured system 700 may include a feeder and a discharger (for clarity of illustration and explanation, in...). Figure 18A (omitted). The feeder can be any suitable device for feeding fluid into the water structuring system 700, including but not limited to pipes, tubes, valves, connecting parts, etc., and can be made of any suitable material. The discharge device can be any suitable device for discharging fluid from the water structuring system 700, including but not limited to pipes, tubes, valves, connecting parts, etc., and can be made of any suitable material. One or more of the feeder and discharge device can be integrally formed with other components in the water structuring system 700, or can be formed separately and connected to the water structuring system 700 via one or more connecting devices. Non-limiting examples of connecting devices include flanges, adhesives, welds, etc.

[0202] Still referencing Figure 18A Filtered water from the water filtration system 700F can be supplied to the mineral reactor 752 and the mixer 754. The mineral reactor 752 can produce H2 and MgO to be sent to the structured water generator 760. Figure 13As shown, the mineral reactor 752 may include a container 52A, a motor 52D, a rotor 52B, and a shell 52C. The rotor 52B may be a helical mixing device (or auger, drill bit, screw, etc.) attached to the motor 52D. Magnesium may be stored in the container 52A. The magnesium stored in the container 52A may be mixed with water via the rotor 52B. The reactor (not shown in the figure for clarity of illustration and explanation) may then produce MgO and H2, which may then be sent to a mixer 754 to mix with minerals, additives, and / or additional H2. The velocity of the mixer 754 (e.g., a cyclone mixer) may depend on the desired quantity and quality of water treated in the structured water generator 760. In one embodiment, the average velocity of the water in the mixer 754 (e.g., a cyclone mixer) may be set to 10 m / s, and the pressure may be 45 psi. However, based on Bernoulli's principle and the amount of magnesium oxide (MgO) and hydrogen (H2) required to be produced by the mineral reactor 752, the rate and pressure can be adjusted.

[0203] The amount of minerals and / or additives added to the mineral reactor 752 and the amount of minerals and / or additives received by the structured water generator 760 from the mineral supply 750 can vary. One or more minerals and / or additives received by the structured water generator 760 from the mineral supply 750 can help induce cavitation and / or agitation in the structured water generator 760.

[0204] The structuring process of the structured water generator 760 is described in further detail below. Water from mixer 754 can be supplied to the structured water generator 760 to alter the energy structure of the water by agitation and then exposure to cavitation and subsequent implosion. As described above, minerals and additives can be added to the structured water generator 760 from mineral supply source 750. The addition of minerals (such as magnesium) improves the generation and / or retention of desired gases (e.g., hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) in the water.

[0205] The structured water generator 760 can be any device or apparatus capable of inducing sufficient cavitation, implosion, and / or agitation in water to induce water structuring. As described above, the structured water generator 760 may include various input and output devices to introduce potable water, minerals, and additives, as well as elements that induce cavitation and / or agitation, such as a rotating device coupled to the structured water generator 760.

[0206] The structured water generator 760 may include a rotating and translating device (i.e., a device for structuring water) that translates and rotates a helical container filled with water to generate the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes to structure the water. Figure 18C-E illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a structured water generator 760 including a rotation and translation mechanism. (As shown in the image) Figure 18C As shown, the structured water generator 760 may include a housing (or bracket or frame) 761. Within or on the housing 761, the structured water generator 760 may include a motor 763, a first wheel 764, a second wheel 768, and a belt 765, which is fitted into a slot in each of the first wheel 764 and the second wheel 768, as shown. Figure 18C and 18D As shown. The combination of the first pulley 764, the second pulley 768, and the belt 765 can be referred to as a rotation generator. The first pulley 764 and the second pulley 768 can have different diameters to multiply the speed or torque generated by the pulley system. For example, the first pulley 764 can be a 6-inch wheel, and the second pulley can be a 4-inch wheel, but is not limited to these, and any suitable size and number of wheels can be used in a rotation generator.

[0207] Motor 763 is coupled to first wheel 764, which rotates to provide sufficient rotational and translational motion to the structured water generator 760 at a frequency greater than 300 Hz. These motions result in a phase change from water to steam, producing the cavitation and controlled implosion processes necessary for this disclosure. In one embodiment, as... Figure 18E As shown, motor 763 may include a rotating element 765A within a housing 766C of motor 763. The rotating element 765A may include one or more magnets 766D, which facilitate rotation of the rotating element 765A. Motor 763 may include one or more coils for generating a magnetic field to produce a rotational force against the one or more magnets 766D. Motor 763 may include a shaft 765B, which may be connected to a first wheel 764 to rotate the first wheel 764, thereby facilitating the water structuring process.

[0208] Return to reference Figure 18C The structured water generator 760 may include a conical (or helical) container (or tank) 762 having an inlet opening 766, which may be directly or indirectly connected to a mixer 754, the structured water generator 760, a mineral supply 750, and / or a water supply source 710 to receive desired fluids and / or minerals to facilitate the structuring of water according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The conical container 762 may be, for example, a helical tube (i.e., a tube with a helical shape). The structured water generator 760 may include an outlet opening 769 to output structured water from the conical container 762. The conical container 762 may have a capacity of 15 to 50 liters, but is not limited to this capacity. The structured water generator 760 may include a shaft 767, which may include rods (or blades) connected to one or more inner surfaces of the conical container 762, such as... Figure 18CAs shown. Shaft 767 can be connected to motor 763 rotating at high speed to generate eddies, thereby causing cavitation in the water and resulting in the implosion of each bubble generated in the conical container 762.

[0209] like Figure 18C and 18D As shown, one or more screws and nuts, along with other suitable fastening elements, can be used to securely arrange the components of the structured water generator 760 within the housing 761. That is, Figure 18C and 18D The components of the structured water generator 760 shown can be attached or coupled to the housing 761 in a manner sufficient to support the high-speed translational and rotational motion of the conical container 762. (Refer to...) Figure 18D The translational and rotational motions are described. The translational and rotational motions of the conical container 762 allow water molecules within it to reach local temperatures above 5000 K. In some embodiments, the temperature can increase threefold depending on the energy generated from the translational and rotational motions. The initiation of cavitation exhibits a high dependence on the coherent structure of the directional flow, which is organized into paired (or concentric) vortex rings, such as... Figure 18F and Figure 18G As shown. Furthermore, cavitation / implosion can occur continuously within the vortex core, indicating a strong correlation between cavitation / implosion and vortex dynamics. In the initial stage, vortex stretching is likely the dominant factor, responsible for vortex growth and the elliptical shape of the cavitation ring. In contrast, expansion terms can produce enhancement or suppression of local vorticity, depending on the volume change caused by cavitation, and in the implosion stage, bubbles generate baroclinic vorticity and contribute to three-dimensional vorticity. Exposure to cavitation and / or implosion homogenizes the mixture. In one embodiment, the structuring or homogenization of the mixture can be achieved through ultrasonic mixing or exposure to a vacuum pressure difference. The periodic function of the implosion structure and the temporal evolution of large eddies and vorticity can be divided into, for example, the following nine stages: initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, coherence loss, cavitation cloud growth, collision, implosion, and water reconstruction. In one embodiment, the linear flow velocity required to initiate the water reconstruction process can be in the range of 30 m / s to 300 m / s.

[0210] Still referencing Figure 18AThe water structuring system 700 may include a magnetizer 770 and a dispensing module 705. The magnetizer 770 may include any means or device, such as generating a magnetic field sufficient to configure the water in a desired manner. For example, the magnetizer 770 may include, but is not limited to, neodymium magnets or other magnetizing devices, such as one or a combination of the following: magnets of metals (e.g., iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and / or nickel (Ni)); naturally occurring magnetic minerals primarily composed of iron, known as calamites; and / or electromagnets. Magnets or other magnetizing devices may be arranged in any configuration within the water structuring system 700 according to the desired design or function of the water structuring system. Additionally or alternatively, the magnetizer 770 may align water molecules by generating an electromagnetic field in a conductive material, which is magnetized through induction. After water leaves the structured water generator 760, the water may be magnetized by the magnetizer 770, and then, if desired, a gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide may be added, followed by cooling and final dispensing into containers.

[0211] Still referencing Figure 18A The water structuring system 700 may include a gas supply source within the housing 701, which may include at least one of, for example, an H2 storage unit 706, an O2 storage unit 707, a CO2 storage unit 708, a hydrogen generating unit 712, or a combination thereof. The water structuring system 700 may also include a cooling system 790, a main control system 711, a compressor 709, and a UV filter 704.

[0212] In one embodiment, a gas supply source (e.g., H2 storage 706, O2 storage 707, CO2 storage 708, and / or hydrogen generating unit 712) may add one or more gases (e.g., oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or combinations thereof) to water that can be treated by the structured water generator 760. In one embodiment, the gas supply source may include means or structures for separating water into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen using electrolysis or other processes (e.g., hydrogen generating unit 712), and means or structures for gas storage, such as cylinders or pressurized tanks. In one embodiment, a UV filter 704 may disinfect or sterilize the structured water treated from the structured water generator 760 before the gas supply source adds one or more gases to the treated water. Additionally, the water may be cooled by a cooling system 790 before being dispensed by a dispensing module 705. The cooling system 790 may also be used to cool the water supplied to the structured water generator 760 to a temperature of 4°C.

[0213] As mentioned above, Figure 18B An exploded view of the water structuring system 700 is depicted. Figure 18BAn exemplary arrangement of components of a water structuring system 700 is shown. Of course, other arrangements of the components can also benefit the desired operation of the water structuring system 700. Because... Figure 18B The water structuring system 700 shown includes, with Figure 18A The same or similar components described in the water structuring system 700 shown are therefore omitted for the sake of brevity and clarity of explanation. Figure 18A The description of the same components shown. In some embodiments, Figure 18A and 18B The water structuring system 700 shown may include multiple feeders and / or dischargers connected to Figure 18B The various components of the water structuring system 700 are shown to facilitate operation of the water structuring system 700. The feeder can be any suitable device for supplying fluids, minerals, and / or other materials necessary for the operation of the water structuring system 700, including but not limited to pipes, tubes, valves, connecting parts, etc., and can be made of any suitable material. The discharger can be any suitable device for discharging fluids, minerals, and / or other materials necessary for the operation of the water structuring system 700, including but not limited to pipes, tubes, valves, connecting parts, etc., and can be made of any suitable material. One or more of the feeder and discharger can be integrally formed with the water structuring system 700, or can be formed separately and connected to the water structuring system via connecting devices. Non-limiting examples of connecting devices include flanges, adhesives, welds, etc.

[0214] Figure 19A and 19B This is an illustration of a large-scale water structuring system 800. In one embodiment, the water structuring system 800 may include a water filtration system 800F, a housing 801, a fluid reservoir 802, a UV filter 804, a distributor 805, an H2 reservoir 806, an O2 reservoir 807, a CO2 reservoir 808, a hydrogen generator 809, a water supply source 810, a main control system 811, a hydrogen generation unit 812, a mineral supply source 850, a mineral reactor (or magnesium enhancement unit) 852, a mixer 854, a structured water generator 860, a magnetizer 870, and a cooling system 890. Although Figure 19A and 19B The size, shape, and placement (or arrangement) of the components shown may differ from those shown. Figure 18A The components of the water structuring system 700 shown in -E are scalable and modifiable to produce the same structured water. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, details regarding... Figure 19A and Figure 19B Detailed description of each component of the water structuring system 800. Figure 19AThis is a perspective view of the large-scale water-structured system 800. Figure 19B This is a top view of the large-scale water structure system 800.

[0215] Figure 20A and 20B This is an illustration of a compact version of the water structuring system 900. In one embodiment, the water structuring system 900 may include a water filtration system 900F, a housing 901, a fluid reservoir 902, a UV filter 904, a distributor 905, an H2 reservoir 906, an O2 reservoir 907, a CO2 reservoir 908, a water supply source 910, a main control system 911, a hydrogen generation unit 912, a mineral supply source 950, a mineral reactor (or magnesium enhancement unit) 903, a mixer 951, a structured water generator 960, a magnetizer 970, and a cooling system 990. Although Figure 20A and 20B The size, shape, and placement (or arrangement) of the components shown may differ from those shown. Figure 18A The components of the water structuring systems 700 and 800 shown in -E and 19A-B are scalable and modifiable to produce the same structured water. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, regarding... Figure 20A Detailed descriptions of each component of the water structuring system 900 have been omitted. Figure 20A This is an exploded view of the Compact Water Structure System 900. Figure 20B This is a perspective view of the water structuring system 900.

[0216] Figure 20B and 20C The components of the water structuring system 900 and the water supply source 910 are shown. The components in the water supply source 910 can be integrated with... Figure 12-19B In the water supply source of system 200-800. In one embodiment, water supply source 910 may be a condensation and extraction system. When the water supply comes from moisture in the environment, water supply source 910 may include an optimized condensation system with an extraction system that allows water to be captured from the atmosphere through two main components (condensation system and extraction system).

[0217] Water supply source 910 may include a condensing system housing 930, a cooling system 932, a steam absorber 933, and a condenser 934. In one embodiment, the cooling system 932 may be a semiconductor-based electronic component that utilizes the Peltier effect as a small heat pump. By applying a low DC voltage to it, one side of the device will be cooled while the other side is simultaneously heated. This device is used to improve the module's coefficient of performance (COP) and increase the heat transfer rate (i.e., increase heat transfer capacity). The steam absorber 933 may be a fixed-bed steam absorber that absorbs steam and is filled with carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and other allotropic carbons connected to the condenser 934. The condenser 934 may be a spiral housing, and the condenser 934 may be connected to a nozzle system 935, which improves the condensation process. In one embodiment, when the spiral housing is used as the condenser 934, the cooling system 932 (e.g., a thermoelectric cooler) may alternatively be attached to the condenser 934 (e.g., the spiral housing) to allow for better thermoelectric unit arrangement. A condenser 934 (e.g., a spiral casing) may be positioned above the gas flow injected by the vacuum pump for condensation. A water supply source 910 may also include a vacuum pump 936 and a storage container 937.

[0218] Figure 21 Is it like this? Figure 18A The cross-sectional view of region 2000A of the water structuring system 700 shown. Figure 21 The attachment of the structured water generator 760 to the water structuring system 700 is shown, and the movement of various components (e.g., conical (or spiral) containers (or tanks) 762) during the cavitation process is also illustrated. For example, as... Figure 21 As shown, the water structuring system 700 includes a main fastening system 2001, a rotating element 2065A, an input opening 2066, one or more magnets 2066D (high-energy solids), a housing 2066C for the rotating element 2065A, a secondary fastening system 2006, and a seal 2007. In an exemplary embodiment, the main fastening system 2001 is a mechanical temporary fixing device responsible for engaging the housing 2066C and the seal 2007 by torsional force. The rotating element 2065A guides the rotational movement of one or more magnets 2066D by transmitting torque and force. The input opening 2066 includes orifices for injecting fluids, minerals, and / or additives into the device. The input opening 2066 is unrestricted and can be used with any suitable input for materials to be added to the water structuring system.

[0219] One or more magnets 2066D (high-energy solids) are responsible for moving the fluid at high speed within the structured water generator 760, which generates turbulence and current trails that can be induced in circular and helical forms, thereby creating empty areas within the structured water generator 760 where high pressure and high temperature can be detected. The one or more magnets 2066D (high-energy solids), together with the seal 2007, are also responsible for preventing leakage under high pressure. This prevents decompression and ensures the sealing system within the water structured system 700, including the structured water generator 760, while also providing rigidity to the system. The second fastening system 2006 is a mechanical component that allows for the reception and securing of removable elements.

[0220] Figure 22 A flowchart is depicted for an exemplary method 2100 for generating structured water through a water structuring system. The water structuring system performing method 2100 can utilize the above reference. Figure 12-21 The system and components described herein are used to generate structured water. In step 2102, the water structuring system may receive water via a water supply source. In one embodiment, the water supply source may include a condenser that can generate water from moisture in the atmosphere. In one embodiment, the water received via the water supply source may be filtered by a water filtration system. In step 2104, the water from the water supply source may be conveyed to the structured water generator. The water may also be conveyed to a mixer and / or a mineral reactor (e.g., a magnesium-enhanced unit). The water conveyed to the structured water generator, mixer, and / or mineral reactor may originate from the water supply source and / or from the water filtration system. The mineral reactor may generate MgO and H2 from the received water. In step 2106, the mixer, mineral reactor, and / or gas supply source may convey hydrogen to the structured water generator. The mixer may mix the MgO and H2 received from the mineral reactor with filtered water received from the water filtration system. The mixer may mix any suitable water with H2 received from the gas supply source. The mixer can mix MgO and H2 received from the mineral reactor, as well as H2 received from the gas supply source, with any suitable water. The mineral supply source can deliver one or more minerals and / or additives to the structured water generator. For example, the minerals and / or additives can be the same as those disclosed in the foregoing disclosure.

[0221] Still referencing Figure 22In step 2108, the structured water generator can generate structured water by inducing cavitation and implosion in the water supplied to the structured water generator. In one embodiment, water can be supplied to the structured water generator from water received from a self-supplying water source, and the water filtration system and / or fluid mixture can be received from a mixer. In one embodiment, cavitation and agitation / implosion can be generated by a vortex generator of the structured water generator. The vortex generator can be configured to rotate at, for example, 3600 rpm to generate an average water linear velocity of about 30 m / s to about 60 m / s, and preferably 50 m / s. Furthermore, the vortex generator can be configured to maintain an internal pressure of less than 2 kPa absolute pressure. In another embodiment, the vortex generator can be configured to generate an average water flow velocity of 10 m / s and can be configured to maintain an internal pressure of 45 psi. In one embodiment, the structured water generator can structure filtered water received from the water filtration system and / or fluid mixture received from the mixer. Alternatively, the structured water generator can structure only the fluid mixture received from the mixer. In some embodiments, a structured water generator can structure any suitable water received from a water supply source, water filtration system, and / or mixer by using one or more minerals and / or additives obtained from a mineral supply.

[0222] In step 2110, the magnetizer can magnetize the structured water output from the structured water generator. In one embodiment, the magnetizer can generate a magnetic field to rearrange the molecules in the structured water, bringing them closer together to produce structured water with a better taste and longer duration of effect. In one embodiment, a UV filter can disinfect or sterilize the magnetized structured water, and / or a gas supply source can add one or more gases to the magnetized structured water. For example, one or more gases may include oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, a cooling system can cool the magnetized structured water to a desired temperature. In step 2112, a dispenser can dispense the magnetized structured water into containers.

[0223] In one embodiment, the main control system may automatically or manually facilitate a water structuring method according to this disclosure, including method 2100. For example, the water structuring system described herein may include one or more user interfaces. The user interface may be a display, knob, button, lever, touchscreen, and / or any other suitable input terminal configured to receive user input for initiating the water structuring process of this disclosure. The main control system may be directly or indirectly connected to components of the water structuring system of this disclosure to facilitate electrical and mechanical control and / or actuation of the components of the water structuring system to perform the structuring and distribution of structured water. The main control system may include one or more processors and instructions executable by the one or more processors, which may be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. Whenever a method implemented by a computer and / or processor (e.g., automatically or manually controlled by a control system) is described in this disclosure, this disclosure should also be understood to describe a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, configure and / or cause the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, solid-state storage media (e.g., solid-state drives), optical storage media (e.g., optical discs), and magnetic storage media (e.g., hard disk drives). Non-transitory computer-readable media can be part of the memory of a computer system or separate from any computer system.

[0224] In some methods, aqueous compositions containing fullerenes can be prepared by including fullerenes and micelle forming agents together with minerals or additives in water fed into a structured water generator. The structured water generator disperses the fullerenes and micelle forming agents, producing micelle-enclosed fullerene nanoparticles. These micelle-enclosed fullerene nanoparticles may reside within the hollow cavities of a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules in the resulting structured water. Additional hydrogen gas may be included.

[0225] In some methods, aqueous compositions containing fullerenes can be prepared by methods including: preparing structured water containing minerals and other additives as described above; preparing and dissolving fullerenes; and mixing the two components together using a vortex method, said vortex causing cavitation and implosion in the water to produce the final formulation. The fullerene nanoparticles surrounded by micelles can be located within the hollow cavities of a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules in the structured water. Additional hydrogen gas may be included.

[0226] In some methods, aqueous compositions containing fullerenes can be prepared by methods including: preparation and dissolution of fullerenes, preparation of an aqueous solution containing minerals and other additives, and mixing the two components together using a vortex-based structuring method, wherein the vortex causes cavitation and implosion to form structured water. Fullerene nanoparticles surrounded by micelles can be located within the hollow cavities of a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules in the structured water. Additional hydrogen gas may be included.

[0227] Figure 23 An exemplary method for preparing fullerenes surrounded by micelles is shown in the figure.

[0228] Fullerene powder was weighed and deposited on... Figure 23 The stainless steel container 3001.1 shown. The amount of fullerene dispensed from container 3001.1 to device 3001.4 is an amount that results in a final concentration of fullerene in the resulting aqueous formulation of about 0.1 to 30,000 mg / L. In some formulations, the dispensed amount is an amount that results in a final concentration of fullerene in the resulting aqueous formulation of about 1 to 3,000 mg / L.

[0229] The fullerene powder enters device 3001.4. Subsequently, a selected amount of olive oil or coconut oil or essential oil or any combination thereof within the above range is added to stainless steel container 3001.1, and the material is deposited in container 3020 of device 3001.4 by positive displacement pump 3001.3.

[0230] Device 3001.4 is a vortex generating device comprising a rotating shaft 3010 having end blades 3015 in the form of a mechanical stirrer, which is placed in a container 3020. The rotating shaft 3010 with end blades 3015 is made of stainless steel. The end blades 3015 may have dimensions and shapes configured to generate desired vortices and may be selected and arranged according to the dimensions of the container 3020. Any size and configuration of end blades on a rotating shaft known in the art can be used.

[0231] Container 3020 is U-shaped to improve the mixing characteristics of the product. Container 3020 has an openable and / or removable lid 3025. Lid 3025 is a top cover fitted onto container 3020 to prevent raw materials in container 3020 from escaping during mixing and processing, and to maintain the desired pressure and temperature conditions within container 3020. Lid 3025 may include inlet ports allowing the addition of other different types of additional raw materials during processing. Container 3020 may be made of food-grade plastic or stainless steel and may be configured to have a variable capacity. For example, the container may be configured to have a capacity from 0.1 to 5 liters. Container 3020 may include one or more raw material inlets. For example, the container may contain two raw material inlets. One or more inlets may be in the side walls of container 3020 or may be located in lid 3025. The container may include one or more outlets. In some configurations, the container may include one outlet. Figure 23 In the illustrated embodiment, outlet 3050 is located at the bottom of container 3020.

[0232] exist Figure 23 In container 3001.2, a surfactant, such as polysorbate 80, previously weighed in a selected amount within the range described above, is added. Water and any other components of the formulation, in amounts ranging from 10% to 30% of the total weight of the final composition, may also be added to container 3001.2. Subsequently, the material in container 3001.2 is transferred to container 3020 of device 3001.4 using a positive displacement pump 3001.3'. Alternatively, container 3001.2 may contain a bulk surfactant, such as polysorbate 80, and the positive displacement pump 3001.3' may be activated to dispense the target amount of surfactant into container 3020 of device 3001.4. Water and any other components of the formulation may then be added to container 3020 of device 3001.4.

[0233] A mechanical stirrer or rotator 3030 engages with a rotating shaft 3010 having end blades 3015 to rotate the shaft 3010, thereby moving the material within the container 3020. Sufficient energy is supplied by the mechanical stirrer or rotator 3030 to the rotating shaft 3010 with end blades 3015 to homogeneously mix the components. Sufficient energy is then supplied by the mechanical stirrer or rotator 3030 to the rotating shaft 3010 with end blades 3015 to generate a large number of non-laminar eddies in the water, which produce small steam bubbles leading to cavitation and implosion processes. This creates a high-energy environment in the liquid, which can generate extreme local pressure and temperature conditions in the water, reaching up to 1 GPa and 5000 K, respectively, in the regions near cavitation and implosion. The energy supplied to the fluid can vary from approximately 1,000 kJ to 60,000 kJ. The output of the process is structured water containing water-soluble fullerenes, which is added to… Figure 24In container 3001.

[0234] Typical sizes of micelle-fullerenes from the output of this process can range from 5 to 1000 nm in diameter, or from 5 to 100 nm in diameter. The formation of micelle-fullerenes can be carried out at a pH of about 4.5 to 9 and a temperature of 1 to 35°C. In some embodiments, the process is carried out at room temperature, although some frictional heat may occur within the container 3020.

[0235] refer to Figure 24 The water-soluble fullerene diluted in the micelle fluid of container 3001 and water in container 3002 are introduced into container 3004 by activating positive displacement pumps 3003 and 3003'. In some embodiments, the water is purified water. In some embodiments, the water is distilled water or deionized water. In some embodiments, the water in container 3002 is structured water produced by the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 100,562, filed January 23, 2023, and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 100,563, filed January 23, 2023, of Best Planet Science, Inc., the entire disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference and has been described in detail above with respect to the water structuring system.

[0236] Device 3004 is with Figure 23 The vortex generating device 3001.4 is similar to the vortex generating device 3004. Device 3004 includes a rotating shaft 3100 with blades 3150 at its end in the form of a mechanical stirrer, which is placed in a container 3200. The container 3200 is U-shaped to improve the mixing characteristics of the product. The container 3200 has a lid 3250 that can be opened and / or removed. The lid 3250 is a top cover fitted onto the container 3200 to prevent raw materials in the container 3200 from escaping during mixing and processing, and to maintain the desired pressure and temperature conditions within the container 3200. The lid 3250 may include an inlet port allowing the addition of other different types of additional raw materials during processing. The container 3200 may be made of food-grade plastic or stainless steel and may be configured with a variable capacity. For example, the container may be configured to have a capacity from 0.1 to 5 liters, but is not limited to these capacities. The container 3200 may include one or more raw material inlets. For example, the container may contain two raw material inlets. One or more inlets may be located in the sidewall of container 3200 or in cover 3250. The container may contain one or more outlets. In some configurations, the container may contain only one outlet. Figure 24In the illustrated embodiment, the outlet is located at the bottom of container 3200 and is connected to a mixing device 3006, which can introduce hydrogen into the material discharged from the outlet of container 3200.

[0237] A mechanical stirrer or rotator 3300 engages with a rotating shaft 3100 having end blades 3150 to rotate the shaft 3100, thereby moving the material inside the container 3200. Sufficient energy is supplied by the mechanical stirrer or rotator 3300 to the rotating shaft 3100 with end blades 3150 to homogeneously mix the components. Sufficient energy is then supplied by the mechanical stirrer or rotator 3300 to the rotating shaft 3100 with end blades 3150 to generate a large number of non-laminar eddies in the water, which produce small steam bubbles leading to cavitation and implosion processes. This creates a high-energy environment in the liquid, which can generate localized extreme pressure and temperature conditions in the water, reaching up to 1 GPa and 5000 K near cavitation and implosion, respectively. The energy supplied to the fluid can vary, but is generally greater than the energy used to generate water-soluble fullerenes in micelle fluids. For example, the energy supplied to the fluid can range from 2,000 kJ to 60,000 kJ. The output of this process is an output mixing device 3006.

[0238] A mixing device 3006 is connected to a hydrogen regulating cylinder 3005. The mixing device 3006 performs the mixing of a fluid containing fullerenes, minerals, and hydrogen with additional hydrogen. Hydrogen is added from the hydrogen regulating cylinder 3005 to the mixing device 3006 at a pressure range of approximately 0.1 to 5 bar. After approximately 1 minute to 1 hour, the hydrogen-containing fluid in the mixing device 3006 is transferred to system 3007 from which it can be discharged. The aqueous formulation discharged from system 3007 can be consumed directly by humans or dispensed into unit doses for administration to subjects requiring the formulation.

[0239] The combination of micelles-fullerenes, hydrogen, and structured water, along with optional minerals, can positively influence bioavailability and enhance their ability to interact with other molecules in the body due to their geometry and magnetic charge.

[0240] The geometry of fullerene molecules can affect their solubility, making them highly insoluble in water. However, when processed as described above to produce the aqueous formulations presented herein, the ability of fullerenes to interact with different media and their ability to bind proteins and other cellular components increases. Furthermore, the molecularly associated magnetic charge can influence their ability to bind to specific receptors and participate in biochemical reactions. Positively or negatively charged molecules can interact with proteins and other molecules of opposite charge, which may affect their distribution and bioavailability in vivo. The stability of fullerenes in structured water, as described herein, is protected due to the matrix surrounding the fullerenes, and they can exhibit improved viscosity properties, which reduces their potential for destruction by mechanical components.

[0241] hydrogen

[0242] The compositions presented herein include hydrogen. When water is structured, it increases its ability to retain dissolved hydrogen and alters its diamagnetic properties compared to conventional water. Structured water exhibits increased hydrogen retention compared to conventional drinking water. Dissolved hydrogen can be generated during the water structuring process. For example, one instance of hydrogen generation is the reaction of magnesium with water, as discussed herein. By incorporating Mg into the water structuring process described herein, hydrogen generation is increased, while also improving cavitation and implosion processes. The materials used for hydrogen generation are not limited to Mg and magnesite; any suitable material that reacts with water to generate hydrogen can be used. Other examples of such minerals include, but are not limited to, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. Furthermore, hydrogen can be included in the water, with or without Mg, to provide hydrogen. Additionally, hydrogen can be added after the structured water leaves the structured water generator. Furthermore, as... Figure 24 As shown, hydrogen can be added to the composition after the composition is prepared, for example by using a mixing device 3006.

[0243] In the aqueous compositions provided herein, the amount of hydrogen present can be in the range of 1 to 50 ppm. Alternatively, the amount of hydrogen present can be in the range of 1 to 40 ppm, or 1 to 30 ppm, or 1 to 20 ppm, or 1 to 10 ppm.

[0244] Dissolved hydrogen gas in structured water can be contained within the structured water cavity, generating nanostructures containing stable hydrogen. When this gas, along with water molecules, contacts the cell wall surface, it can modulate the cell membrane potential and electrical properties. Therefore, ionic aqueous fluids electrodynamically provide modulation of cell membrane potential and facilitate intracellular signal transduction, which can trigger the uptake of nanoparticles.

[0245] Minerals and additional elements

[0246] The aqueous formulations provided herein may also contain minerals and / or additional elements. Minerals may include, but are not limited to, one or more selected from calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se), and any suitable mineral may be included in any suitable amount. One or more of these minerals may be in the form of water-soluble salts selected from lactates, sulfates, selenites, halides, nitrates, acetates, hydroxides, etc., but are not limited to, and any suitable anion safe for ingestion and / or consumption may be used. In some other embodiments, various suitable cations may be used in combination with any suitable anion safe for ingestion and / or consumption. In some other embodiments, the macronutrients and / or micronutrients are lactates or selenites. In some other embodiments, the minerals are selected from one or more of the following: calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, ferric lactate, zinc lactate, copper lactate, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate pentahydrate (II), etc. There are no limitations on suitable minerals that may be included in the water compositions described herein, and any trace elements considered necessary for normal human function and / or life and / or considered essential and / or found in natural mineral water may be used, provided that the added minerals do not significantly affect the taste of the final composition.

[0247] The concentration of calcium salts (present as calcium lactate, but not limited thereto) in certain embodiments of the compositions of the present invention can be from about 100 mg / L to about 8200 mg / L. The dissolved calcium concentration can be equal to any integer value or numerical value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any acceptable variations. The concentration of magnesium salts (present as magnesium lactate, but not limited thereto) in certain embodiments of the compositions of the present invention can be from about 40 mg / L to about 5800 mg / L. The dissolved magnesium concentration can be equal to any integer value or numerical value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any acceptable variations. The concentration of iron salts (present as ferric lactate, but not limited thereto) in certain embodiments of the compositions of the present invention can be from about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L. The dissolved iron concentration can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any acceptable variations. The concentration of zinc salts (present as zinc lactate, but not limited thereto) in certain embodiments of the compositions of the present invention can be from about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L. The dissolved zinc concentration can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any acceptable variations. In some embodiments of the compositions of the present invention, the concentration of the copper salt present as copper lactate, but not limited thereto, can be from about 0.01 mg / L to about 2.0 mg / L. The dissolved copper concentration can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any acceptable variations. The concentration of the selenium salt (present as sodium selenite in some embodiments of the compositions of the present invention, but not limited thereto) can be from about 0.001 mg / L to about 0.5 mg / L. The dissolved selenium concentration can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any acceptable variations. The above-mentioned elemental concentrations not only provide health benefits but also increase the retention of hydrogen in the compositions of the present invention.

[0248] The supplemental element can provide energy, improve cardiovascular activity, and replenish nutrients lost during strenuous activity, exertion, and / or physical training. The supplemental element can be any suitable element, compound, or combination that provides the properties discussed, including but not limited to one or more branched-chain amino acids, creatine, β-alanine, L-carnitine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), thiamine, casein, glucosamine, collagen, hyaluronic acid, cysteine, methionine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, lysine, tyrosine, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, isoflavones, quinoa protein or 11S globulin, 2S albumin, choline, protease, lipase, amylase, lactase, sunflower lecithin, 7-ketodehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), diindolylmethane, arbutin, ursolic acid, and tannic acid.

[0249] additive

[0250] The composition may also contain other additives, such as sweeteners, one or more flavoring agents, flavor enhancers, or combinations thereof. Sweeteners may be natural sugars or sugar substitutes. Sweeteners may be sucrose. Sweeteners may be selected from sucrose, stevia, steviol glycosides, monk fruit extract, sucralose, isomaltitol, aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, neotame, adventitia, lactitol, xylitol, high fructose corn syrup, and combinations thereof.

[0251] Flavoring agents can be single chemical substances or mixtures of chemical substances whose primary purpose is to provide all or part of a desired specific flavor or effect. Flavoring agents can be in the form of oils or extracts and can be water-soluble or soluble in water with a surfactant. Flavoring agents can be essential oils. Flavoring agents can be acidic, alkaline, neutral, or salty. Flavoring agents can include natural flavorings, natural fruit flavorings, menthol, cinnamon, spearmint, artificial flavorings, artificial fruit flavorings, or combinations thereof. Flavoring agents can be any one or combination of flavoring agents known in the art, such as those available from International Flavors & Fragrances Corporation, or those listed in Table 2 of U.S. Patent Application Publication 20060292189 (Xia et al., 2006), which is incorporated herein by reference. Flavor enhancers can be anhydrous citric acid, lactic acid, sodium gluconate, sodium gluconolactone, ethyl lactate, sodium lactate, sodium sulfate, malic acid, and combinations thereof. When present, sweeteners and / or flavoring agents and / or flavor enhancers can be present in amounts from about 0.0001 to 20 wt%. The additive can be added together with water added to the micelles-fullerene before processing in the vortex device 3004.

[0252] D. Method

[0253] A method for treating cancer in a subject is provided. Patients typically have limited treatment options, and any additional treatment options or methods that improve existing treatments by providing enhanced therapeutic benefits will enhance treatment opportunities for cancer patients. Therefore, there is a continuous need for new treatment options for cancer patients. This document provides a method for treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an aqueous composition comprising a fullerene disclosed herein, said aqueous composition may be administered alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The cancer may be selected from breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, lymphoma, hematopoietic cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, and head and neck cancer. Specific examples include medulloblastoma; chronic lymphocytic leukemia; adenocarcinoma of the breast, colon, esophagus, liver, lung, pancreas, prostate, stomach, rectum, or uterus; invasive ductal breast cancer; and cerebellar tumors. The cancer may be skin cancer or basal cell carcinoma.

[0254] Methods of treating a subject's cancer include administering to a subject in need the composition provided herein, the composition comprising structured water, fullerene, hydrogen, and a micelle-forming agent. The composition provided herein may be administered alone or in combination with a secondary therapeutic treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination thereof). Treatment may last for several weeks and may be repeated, if necessary, depending on the type, severity, and stage of the cancer being treated.

[0255] The fullerene may be or includes unmodified C60 or C70 fullerenes. The fullerene may be or includes C60 or C70 fullerenes modified to include one or more hydrophilic groups on its surface. The hydrophilic group may be a hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxylic acid, alcohol, amino, or sulfonic acid group. The fullerene may be a polyhydroxylated fullerene called a fullerol. The fullerene may be or includes C60 or C70 fullerenes modified to complex with a water-soluble polymer. The water-soluble polymer may be selected from polyethylene glycol, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, and proteins.

[0256] Fullerenes may be contained in amounts from 1 mg / L to 30,000 mg / L. In some formulations, the amount of fullerene is 1 mg / L to 20,000 mg / L, or 1 mg / L to 10,000 mg / L, or 1 mg / L to 5,000 mg / L, or 1 mg / L to 1,000 mg / L, or 1 mg / L to 500 mg / L, or 1 mg / L to 250 mg / L, or 1 mg / L to 100 mg / L, or 100 mg / L to 1,000 mg / L, or 200 mg / L to 800 mg / L.

[0257] The amount of hydrogen present in the composition can be in the range of 1 to 50 ppm. In some formulations, the amount of hydrogen is 5 to 50 ppm, or 10 to 50 ppm, or 1 to 10 ppm.

[0258] The micelle forming agent in the composition may include surfactants, lipophilic agents, oils, or combinations thereof. The oil may be essential oil, olive oil, coconut oil, or combinations thereof. The micelle forming agent may include nonionic surfactants. Nonionic surfactants may be selected from sorbitan esters, polyalkoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene ethers, polysorbate esters, and combinations thereof. Polysorbate esters may be selected from polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, and polysorbate 80. The amount of the micelle forming agent in the composition may be from 50 mg / L to 800 g / L.

[0259] The composition may also contain minerals, flavoring agents, flavor enhancers, sweeteners, or any combination thereof. Any mineral known to have therapeutic effects may be included in the formulation. The mineral may be one or more of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se). The mineral may be present in amounts from 0.005 mg / L to 800 mg / L. When present, the sweetener may be selected from sucrose, stevia, steviol glycosides, monk fruit extract, sucralose, isomaltitol, aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, neotame, adventitia, lactitol, xylitol, high fructose corn syrup, and combinations thereof. When present, the flavor enhancer may be selected from citric acid, lactic acid, sodium gluconate, sodium gluconolactone, ethyl lactate, sodium lactate, sodium sulfate, malic acid, and combinations thereof. In the formulation, sweeteners and / or flavoring agents and / or flavor enhancers may be present, when present, in amounts from about 0.0001 to 20 wt%.

[0260] The composition can be administered in doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg of fullerene per dose. Exemplary doses include 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg, 80 mg, 90 mg, or 100 mg per day. The dose can be delivered once daily or divided into two or three doses throughout the day. In some embodiments, the full dose is delivered once daily.

[0261] Dosage can be delivered orally or via any parenteral route. Orally ingested fullerenes reach the target tumor via intestinal absorption and systemic distribution, where they can be transported via the bloodstream and selectively accumulate in tumor tissue due to increased permeability and retention of nanoparticles in tumor blood vessels. The presence of hydrogen in fullerene-containing formulations affects formulation efficacy in various ways because it can alter their physical and chemical properties, such as solubility, stability, and drug loading capacity, due to interactions with water, cells, tissues, and fullerenes, thereby affecting their ability to penetrate the tumor microenvironment and exert specific therapeutic effects. Formulations can influence the bioavailability and biocompatibility of fullerenes, which can affect their effectiveness as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.

[0262] Dosing regimens can vary depending on the subject and the type of cancer being treated. Common examples include daily administration, twice-weekly administration, or weekly administration. Specific embodiments of the invention include: daily administration for 6 days followed by a 1-day break, or daily administration for 5 days followed by a 2-day break, or daily administration for 4 days followed by a 1-day break, or daily administration for 3 days followed by a 1-day break, or daily administration for 2 days followed by a 1-day break, or administration every other day. Treatment may last for one week or more, typically at least two weeks. Administration may continue for one week or more, typically for at least two weeks. In some cases, administration may continue for 2 to 10 weeks or 1 to 6 months. A 1 to 5-day pharmacological break may be included between administrations. A booster dose (10% to 400% more fullerene than the normal daily dose) may be administered at the beginning or end of each administration regimen, or after 2, 3, 4, or more weeks of treatment. For example, a daily dose may include 20 mg of fullerene, and a booster dose may include 80 mg of fullerene.

[0263] Dosage can be modified based on patient type and patient tolerance to formulation administration. For example, lower doses can be prepared for pediatric or elderly patients, and modified doses can be prepared for obese patients or patients with comorbid conditions (e.g., kidney disease, diabetes, or cirrhosis).

[0264] A method for administering photodynamic therapy to a subject in need is also provided, the method comprising (i) selecting a site on the subject to which the photodynamic therapy is to be administered; (ii) administering to the subject an aqueous composition comprising a fullerene disclosed herein, the aqueous composition being administered alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and (iii) exposing the site to natural or artificial light for a period of time, the duration of which effectively achieves a therapeutic effect. The subject may suffer from a condition selected from cancer, psoriasis, acne, actinic keratosis, eczema, seborrhea, and hyperkeratosis. The cancer may be selected from breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, lymphoma, hematopoietic system cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, and head and neck cancer. The cancer may be skin cancer or basal cell carcinoma. The cancer may be selected from adenocarcinoma, medulloblastoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and cerebellar tumors.

[0265] A method for producing a drug delivery carrier is also provided, the method comprising complexing a therapeutic agent with a fullerene-containing composition provided herein to form a drug delivery carrier. The fullerene core is highly hydrophobic and can form an inclusion cage around the water-insoluble active ingredient. Functional groups can be attached to the core to further modify the behavior of the fullerene molecule. The water-soluble fullerenes provided herein are capable of carrying drugs and genes for cell delivery. The derived fullerenes can cross cell membranes.

[0266] E. Example

[0267] The principles of the invention, along with some exemplary features and embodiments thereof, will now be described with reference to the following non-limiting embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present disclosure, and various changes and modifications can be made within the scope and spirit of the disclosure, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0268] Example 1

[0269] The exemplary formulations of the fullerene aqueous compositions provided herein are as follows.

[0270]

[0271]

[0272] Example 2

[0273] Another exemplary formulation of the fullerene compositions provided herein is as follows.

[0274]

[0275]

[0276] Example 3

[0277] Exemplary formulations of the fullerene compositions provided herein are as follows.

[0278]

[0279] Structured water was prepared as described herein, resulting in structured water containing the minerals shown in the formulation above, with a mineral concentration such that the final mineral concentration is as shown above when the other components shown in the formulation are added. Fullerenes and benzaldehyde were added to a mixing vessel, which was able to generate vortices when a mechanical stirrer was activated to rotate the mixing blades. A surfactant was added to the mixing vessel along with approximately 25% of the structured water by weight of the composition. The mechanical stirrer was activated and its speed increased to generate a large number of non-laminar vortices in the water, which produced small vapor bubbles leading to cavitation and implosion processes. The product of this process was structured water containing water-soluble fullerenes, wherein micelles surrounded at least a portion (if not all) of the fullerene nanoparticles. The remaining structured water of the formulation was then added to the vessel, and the mechanical stirrer was activated and its speed increased to generate a large number of non-laminar vortices in the water, which produced small vapor bubbles leading to cavitation and implosion processes. The product of this process was then output to a mixing device connected to a hydrogen regulating cylinder. Measure the amount of hydrogen dissolved in the formulation, and add additional hydrogen if necessary to bring the final hydrogen concentration in the formulation to 20 ppm.

[0280] Example 4

[0281] Another exemplary formulation of the fullerene compositions provided herein is as follows.

[0282]

[0283]

[0284] The formulation was prepared as described in Example 3, except that the amount of C60 fullerol was reduced.

[0285] Example 5

[0286] An observational case study was conducted in Colombia on cancer patients treated with the composition described herein, most of whom were in stage 4. Patients had different pathologies, including two children (aged 9 and 10) and 10 adults (aged 39 to 80). Some patients were also treated with chemotherapy in conjunction with the composition described herein. The diagnosed cancer for each patient is shown in Table 2 below.

[0287] Table 2.

[0288]

[0289]

[0290] The decision to undergo chemotherapy is made by the patient or by the clinician.

[0291] The dosing regimen used was as follows. For adult patients, on day 1, a 100 mL dose of the formulation shown in Example 3 was administered orally (delivering 80 mg of fullerol and 10-50 ppm of H2). From day 2 to day 6, a 100 mL dose of the formulation shown in Example 4 was administered orally (delivering 20 mg of fullerol and 10-50 ppm of H2). On day 7, no formulation was administered. The same cycle and dosing regimen were repeated in the second week and subsequent weeks. The study lasted for 8 weeks. For pediatric patients, on day 1, a 100 mL dose of the formulation shown in Example 4 was administered orally (delivering 20 mg of fullerol and 10-50 ppm of H2). From day 2 to day 6, a 100 mL dose of the formulation shown in Example 4 was administered orally (delivering 20 mg of fullerol and 10-50 ppm of H2). On day 7, no formulation was administered. The same cycle and dosing schedule were repeated in the second week and subsequent weeks. The study lasted for 8 weeks.

[0292] Patients are monitored three times a week to assess changes in their subjective feelings based on the identification of past symptoms and discomfort.

[0293] Each patient is visited every 15 days to inquire about their personal dietary habits, intake of meat, sugar, soft drinks, alcohol, medications, and cigarettes, as well as their home environment, housing quality, and employment status. The EuroQ Health and Wellbeing Survey is currently being prepared.

[0294] In Patient 1, according to the medical report, the tumor size had decreased. During medical examination, the tumor was almost imperceptible. Patient 1 reported feeling depressed and tired before taking the composition provided herein, and experiencing a long recovery time from chemotherapy. After participating in the study, Patient 1 reported no longer feeling tired and recovering quickly from chemotherapy. Patient 1 reported a significant reduction in vomiting after chemotherapy. Patient 1 reported feeling energetic, sleeping well, eating well, and now able to perform her activities normally. Patient 1 reported no weight loss and was energetic and in good health.

[0295] Patient 2 was ineligible for surgery or chemotherapy due to the location of the tumor. Currently, the survival rate for this type of tumor in children is only 5%. This cancer is often detected through visual impairment (double vision).

[0296] After one month of treatment with the composition described herein, MRI analysis showed a reduction in tumor size. Furthermore, the boy regained his vision.

[0297] The pediatrician confirmed that the tumor had shrunk and allowed Patient 2 to resume activities such as traveling, playing soccer, and dancing, which were contraindicated before treatment with the composition provided herein. Prior to treatment with the composition provided herein, Patient 2 reported depression and fatigue. Patient 2 reported that since starting treatment with the composition provided herein, he began to feel much better, and after 8 weeks of treatment, he slept well, ate well, regained his appetite, no longer felt fatigued, and was able to play with other children and perform his activities normally. Patient 2 did not report any weight loss during treatment.

[0298] Patient 3 has breast cancer with bone metastases. Before treatment with the composition provided herein, Patient 3 reported a long recovery time from chemotherapy and fatigue when performing strenuous tasks such as housework. After 4 weeks of treatment, Patient 3 reported a significant reduction in recovery time from chemotherapy and a significant reduction in post-chemotherapy vomiting while taking the composition provided herein. Patient 3 reports no fatigue and feels healthy since treatment with the composition provided herein. No weight loss was reported by Patient 3 during treatment.

[0299] Patient 4 has chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Before treatment, Patient 4 reported feeling drowsy and having low energy levels. After 8 weeks of treatment, Patient 4 reported a significant increase in energy levels and a marked improvement in overall health. He reported sleeping better and had begun to resume normal activities without feeling fatigued. Patient 4 also reported increased appetite and no weight loss.

[0300] Patient 5 has rectal adenocarcinoma. Patient 5 reported that prior to treatment with this regimen, he was unable to defecate independently and required a colostomy bag. He also experienced a prolonged recovery from chemotherapy and frequent vomiting after treatment. Patient 5 reported a rapid recovery from chemotherapy and a significant reduction in post-chemotherapy vomiting since treatment with the composition provided herein. Patient 5 also reported being able to defecate normally in the toilet without requiring a colostomy bag since treatment with the composition provided herein. Patient 5 also reported having more energy, feeling energetic, and having good appetite and sleep. Patient 5 also reported being able to resume normal daily activities. Patient 5 did not report any weight loss during treatment.

[0301] Patient 6 has breast cancer and has reported depression and fatigue since diagnosis. Patient 6 also has poor sleep and general malaise. Patient 6 reports that since starting treatment, she is sleeping well, eating well, and has not lost weight. Patient 6 reports higher energy levels and better well-being, and has been able to resume her daily activities.

[0302] Patient 7 is undergoing chemotherapy to treat rectal cancer. Patient 7 reported feeling depressed and tired during chemotherapy alone. After treatment with the composition provided in this article, Patient 7 reported recovering from chemotherapy faster and experiencing a significant reduction in post-chemotherapy vomiting. Patient 7 reported sleeping better and having a better appetite since treatment with the composition provided in this article. Patient 7 reported being able to resume normal activities and feeling better and more energetic.

[0303] Patient 8 withdrew from treatment after 3 weeks due to an infection (unrelated to the current treatment regimen). Before withdrawal, the patient reported improved energy levels and sleep.

[0304] Patient 9 is a child with a cerebellar tumor. Post-surgery, she developed facial paralysis and neurogenic bladder, requiring catheterization for urination. After receiving the component therapy described in this article, the facial paralysis lessened, and the need for catheterization was eliminated, as Patient 9 regained sensation of urination (3 years post-surgery). Patient 9 previously had dyslexia, but after receiving the component therapy described in this article, the dyslexia disappeared, and she writes correctly. Following treatment, Patient 9 reported a very positive attitude, including at school, with high energy levels and the ability to participate in normal school activities. Patient 9 reported good sleep and appetite, and 100% resolution of the spasticity experienced before treatment. Patient 9 reported starting light strength training and has returned to Taekwondo classes.

[0305] Patient 10 is receiving chemotherapy for stage IV cancer. Prior to treatment with the composition provided herein, Patient 10 reported feeling depressed and fatigued, and experiencing frequent vomiting after chemotherapy. On the first day of treatment with the composition provided herein, Patient 10 weighed 43 kg, and at the end of one month of treatment with the composition provided herein, she weighed 49 kg, a weight gain of 6 kg in one month. After treatment, she reported that she no longer felt fatigued and did not vomit after chemotherapy. Patient 10 is working and performing all her daily activities completely normally. Patient 10 reports that since treatment began, she feels energetic, sleeps well, eats well, and feels energetic and good.

[0306] Patient 11 was undergoing chemotherapy to treat a pancreatic tumor in his liver. Both liver and pancreatic cancers are highly aggressive. Although Patient 11 was terrified of death and sometimes experienced panic attacks, he maintained a positive attitude. Patient 11 reported vomiting and fever after chemotherapy. After four weeks of treatment with the composition presented in this article, Patient 11 reported an 80% reduction in his vomiting, and his fever attacks decreased from a frequency of 5 hours per day to sporadic attacks lasting no more than 1.5 hours. Contrast computed tomography scans of the abdomen and pelvis showed that the tumor size had decreased after four weeks of treatment, and there had been no increase in the size or number of metastases. When Patient 11 learned of this, he reported feeling hopeful and having a better attitude since then. Patient 11 reported sleeping well and feeling better and more energetic since starting treatment.

[0307] Patient 12 was receiving chemotherapy for colon adenocarcinoma. Patient 12 reported frequent vomiting and fatigue due to chemotherapy, and she felt very depressed. After three weeks of treatment with the composition provided in this article, Patient 12 reported a significant reduction in post-chemotherapy vomiting. Patient 12 reported feeling energetic despite chemotherapy since the start of treatment and recovering from it more quickly. She reported better eating and sleeping and a high level of well-being since treatment began.

[0308] The results showed that the composition presented in this study was effective and well-tolerated in patients, including those receiving concurrent chemotherapy. This study demonstrated that the composition significantly improved treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Combining the fullerene nanoparticle-containing composition presented in this study with other treatment modalities (such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy) synergistically enhances treatment efficacy and overcomes treatment resistance. The composition can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and / or reduce side effects, improving the quality of life of cancer patients by increasing energy levels, improving sleep, and improving appetite. The composition had no negative impact on weight (no weight loss), and at least one patient experienced significant weight gain, reversing cachexia. The composition also demonstrated effects in reducing tumor volume and preventing spread to surrounding tissues.

Claims

1. An aqueous composition comprising: Fullerenes; micelle forming agents; Structured water with a three-dimensional helical structure of polygonal water molecules, wherein the polygonal water molecules have a hollow inner cavity; Dissolve hydrogen gas; and Minerals.

2. The aqueous composition according to claim 1, wherein the fullerene comprises unmodified C60 or C70 fullerene.

3. The aqueous composition of claim 1, wherein the fullerene comprises a C60 or C70 fullerene modified to contain one or more hydrophilic groups on the surface of the fullerene.

4. The aqueous composition according to claim 3, wherein the hydrophilic group is a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an alcohol group, an amine group, or a sulfonate group.

5. The aqueous composition of claim 1, wherein the fullerene comprises a C60 or C70 fullerene modified to complex with a water-soluble polymer.

6. The aqueous composition according to claim 5, wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from polyethylene glycol, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, and proteins.

7. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the amount of fullerene is from 1 mg / L to 30,000 mg / L.

8. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the micelle forming agent comprises a surfactant, a lipophilic agent, an oil, or a combination thereof.

9. The aqueous composition according to claim 8, wherein the oil is an essential oil, olive oil, coconut oil, or a combination thereof.

10. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the micelle forming agent comprises a nonionic surfactant.

11. The aqueous composition according to claim 10, wherein the nonionic surfactant is selected from sorbitol esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene ethers, polysorbitol esters, and combinations thereof.

12. The aqueous composition according to claim 11, wherein the polysorbate is selected from polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80.

13. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the amount of said micelle forming agent is from 50 mg / L to 800 g / L.

14. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the amount of hydrogen present is in the range of 1 ppm to 50 ppm.

15. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the mineral is selected from calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se).

16. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the mineral is present in an amount from 0.005 mg / L to 800 mg / L.

17. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising a sweetener.

18. The aqueous composition according to claim 17, wherein the sweetener is selected from sucrose, stevia, steviol glycosides, monk fruit extract, sucralose, isomaltitol, aspartame, saccharin, acetylsupan potassium, neotame, super saccharin, lactitol, xylitol, high fructose corn syrup, and combinations thereof.

19. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18, further comprising a flavoring agent.

20. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19 further comprises a flavor enhancer selected from citric acid, lactic acid, sodium gluconate, sodium gluconate lactate, ethyl lactate, sodium lactate, sodium sulfate, malic acid, and combinations thereof.

21. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the sweetener and / or the flavoring agent and / or the flavor enhancer are present in an amount of about 0.0001% by weight to 20% by weight.

22. The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein, The fullerene is a fullerenol.

23. An aqueous composition comprising: Surfactant, in a concentration of 1000 mg / L; Flavoring agent, in a concentration of 1 to 1500 mg / L; Sweeteners, in amounts ranging from 1 to 100 mg / L; Unmodified C60 fullerenes, in amounts of 20 mg / L, 40 mg / L, 60 mg / L or 80 mg / L; Calcium salts provide 586 mg / L of calcium; Mg salts provide 325 mg / L of Mg; Provides 5 mg / L of Fe salts; Zn salts provide 5 mg / L of Zn; Provides 0.01 mg / L of Se salts; Cu salts provide 0.2 mg / L of Cu; And 20 ppm of hydrogen (H2).

24. The aqueous composition according to claim 23, wherein: The surfactant is polysorbate 80; The flavoring agent is benzaldehyde, and it is present in an amount of 1.5 mg / L; and The sweetener is stevia and is present in an amount of 30 to 100 mg / L.

25. An aqueous composition comprising: Surfactant, in a concentration of 1000 mg / L; Flavoring agent, in a concentration of 1 to 1500 mg / L; Sweeteners, in amounts ranging from 1 to 100 mg / L; Fullerenol, in amounts of 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L, 600 mg / L or 800 mg / L; provides calcium salts of calcium in amounts of 586 mg / L; Mg salts provide 325 mg / L of Mg; Provides 5 mg / L of Fe salts; Zn salts provide 5 mg / L of Zn; Provides 0.01 mg / L of Se salts; Cu salts provide 0.2 mg / L of Cu; And 20 ppm of hydrogen (H2).

26. The aqueous composition according to claim 25, wherein: The surfactant is polysorbate 80; The fullerenol mentioned is a C60 fullerenol; The flavoring agent is benzaldehyde, present in an amount of 0.5-2.5 mg / L; and The sweetener is stevia and is present in an amount of 30 mg / L to 100 mg / L.

27. A method for administering photodynamic therapy to a subject in need, the method comprising: Select the site on the subject where the photodynamic therapy will be applied; The aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 26 is administered to the subject, the aqueous composition being administered alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and Expose the area to natural or artificial light for a period of time to achieve a sustained and effective therapeutic effect.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein, Subjects have one of the following conditions: cancer, psoriasis, acne, actinic keratosis, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, or hyperkeratosis.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the cancer is selected from breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, lymphoma, hematopoietic system cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, and head and neck cancer.

30. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein the administration is non-gastrointestinal administration.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the administration is oral or topical.

32. A method of treating a subject with cancer, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an aqueous composition of any one of claims 1 to 26, the composition being administered alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the cancer is selected from breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, lymphoma, hematopoietic system cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, and head and neck cancer.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein the cancer is selected from adenocarcinoma, medulloblastoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and cerebellar tumor.

35. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 34, wherein the aqueous composition is applied alone or in combination with a second therapeutic treatment.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the second therapeutic treatment comprises chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or a combination thereof.

37. The method of any one of claims 32 to 36, wherein the administration comprises daily administration, weekly administration, or bi-weekly administration.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the administration includes a discontinuation regimen in which no administration is performed for one or more consecutive days during the administration cycle.

39. The method of claim 37, wherein the administration comprises following the following dosing regimens: (a) administering the drug continuously for 6 days followed by a 1-day break, repeating this dosing cycle 2 to 52 times; or (b) administering the drug continuously for 5 days followed by a 2-day break, repeating this dosing cycle 2 to 52 times; or (c) administering the drug continuously for 4 days followed by a 1-day break, repeating this dosing cycle 2 to 73 times; or (d) administering the drug continuously for 3 days followed by a 1-day break, repeating this dosing cycle 2 to 91 times; or (e) administer for 2 consecutive days, then stop for 1 day, and repeat for 2 to 122 dosing cycles; or (f) administer every other day for 2 to 52 weeks.

40. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 39, wherein the administration is carried out over a period of 2 weeks to 12 months.

41. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 40, wherein the daily dose of fullerene in the composition is 20 mg to 80 mg.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the administration comprises providing a booster dose comprising a fullerene dose that is 10% to 400% higher than the daily dose of fullerene.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein the enhanced dose is administered at the beginning of each dosing regimen, or at the end of each dosing regimen, or after two, three, four or more cycles of the dosing regimen.

44. A method for producing a drug delivery medium, comprising complexing a therapeutic agent with a fullerene of an aqueous composition according to any one of claims 1 to 26 to form the drug delivery medium.

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