High-pressure gasifier coarse ash decompression cooling device and ash discharging method

Abstract

The invention provides a high-pressure gasification furnace coarse ash pressure reduction cooling device and an ash discharge method, the high-pressure gasification furnace coarse ash pressure reduction cooling device comprises an ash discharge pipeline, a gas discharge assembly and a cooling device; a material inlet of the gas discharge assembly is connected with an ash discharge port of the gasification furnace through an ash discharge pipeline, and a material outlet of the gas discharge assembly is connected with a material inlet of the cooling device; the number of the ash discharging pipelines is multiple, the multiple ash discharging pipelines are connected in series, every two adjacent ash discharging pipelines are vertically connected, and a gas discharging assembly is arranged at the joint of every two adjacent ash discharging pipelines; the number of the gas discharging assemblies is larger than two, the gas discharging assemblies are connected in series through the ash discharging pipeline, and the pressure of the materials discharged by the gas discharging assemblies is gradually reduced to the normal pressure. According to the device, traditional intermittent operation is changed into continuous operation, the harsh requirements for ash treatment equipment and valves are reduced, the process is simple, maintenance is easy, and therefore the reliability and stability of overall operation of the gasifier are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of gasifier ash removal methods, specifically relating to a pressure reducing and cooling device and ash removal method for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier. Background Technology

[0002] Gasification is the process of converting solid raw materials into gas molecules (such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and carbon dioxide) under certain temperature and pressure conditions. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the resulting gas molecules can be further converted into various chemical products, such as fertilizers, methanol, and natural gas, with the help of catalysts.

[0003] Existing gasification methods can be divided into fixed-bed gasification, entrained gasification, and fluidized-bed gasification. They all generally require high-quality feedstocks for gasification and conversion, making it difficult to accept low-calorific-value solids as feedstocks. For example, fixed-bed gasifiers require high-quality lump coal as feedstock, and also have environmental issues related to large wastewater volumes. Entrained-bed gasifiers require feedstocks that have been ground into fine powder (e.g., less than 100µm), and have strict requirements for feedstock quality, such as high calorific value, low ash content, and low ash fusion rate; otherwise, the operating temperature of the gasifier cannot be guaranteed. Conventional fluidized-bed gasifiers use crushed coal (0-10mm) as feedstock, thus fluidized-bed gasifiers have always suffered from the problem of "top-down and bottom-up" emissions, meaning that the bottom ash has a high carbon content, and the fly ash has an even higher carbon content, resulting in low carbon conversion rate and low energy efficiency during the gasification process. Furthermore, the processing capacity of such gasifiers is limited, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale chemical production.

[0004] Low-calorific-value feedstocks can include biomass, municipal solid waste, and low-rank coals with high ash and moisture content, such as lignite. The low calorific value of these feedstocks is often accompanied by high levels of non-heat-generating impurities, such as high moisture, high ash, high oxygen content, or other high levels of impurities. Because low-calorific-value feedstocks are difficult or unstable to ignite, they often exhibit unstable strength, making fixed-bed gasification unsuitable. Furthermore, low-calorific-value feedstocks often have high ash content or low ash melting points, making them unsuitable for entrained gasification. Additionally, due to the fibrous nature of biomass, it is difficult to directly grind it into powder, thus hindering its direct use as a feedstock in entrained gasification. While fluidized-bed gasifiers can accept low-calorific-value feedstocks, their inherent "upward and downward flow" characteristic leads to low energy efficiency, and coupled with limited processing capacity, makes them unsuitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0005] Existing high-pressure gasifiers use an ash lock structure for ash discharge, which involves the cyclical operation of at least four sets of high-pressure valves to discharge high-pressure ash from the gasifier. Since the gasifier also operates at high temperatures, the ash is also exposed to high temperatures, requiring high-temperature resistant equipment and valves to handle ash discharge. This results in high equipment costs, low operational reliability, and high maintenance costs. Alternatively, the ash may need to be cooled under high pressure first, making the overall process complex in terms of equipment and operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a pressure-reducing and cooling device and ash removal method for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier, aiming to solve the problems of high requirements for equipment and valve materials, complex ash removal operation, and low unit operation reliability in the intermittent ash lock structure used in existing high-pressure and high-temperature gasifiers.

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides a pressure-reducing and cooling device for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier, comprising an ash discharge pipe, a gas venting assembly, and a cooling device; the material inlet of the gas venting assembly is connected to the ash discharge port of the gasifier through the ash discharge pipe, and the material outlet of the gas venting assembly is connected to the material inlet of the cooling device. The number of ash discharge pipes is several, and the several ash discharge pipes are connected in series, and two adjacent ash discharge pipes are connected perpendicularly. A gas venting component is provided at the connection between two adjacent ash discharge pipes. The number of gas venting components is greater than 2, and several gas venting components are connected in series through ash discharge pipes, and the pressure of the material discharged by several gas venting components gradually decreases to atmospheric pressure.

[0008] The high-pressure gasifier coarse ash depressurization and cooling device described in this application enables continuous control of the discharge of high-temperature coarse ash from the gasifier through multi-stage depressurization and pressure reduction, thereby ensuring more stable and reliable operation of the gasifier. It eliminates the stringent requirements for solid valves, reducing construction and maintenance costs; it also eliminates the need for coarse ash cooling under high pressure conditions, reducing the complexity of the high-pressure reaction system.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in this application, the gas venting component is a gas-solid separator. The number of gas-solid separators is 3-5, and the pressure difference of the material flowing out of two adjacent gas-solid separators is 0.2-1.5 MPa.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in this application, the gas venting assembly further includes a cooler, which is connected to the outlet of the gas-solid separator and is used to cool the gas discharged from the gas-solid separator; a valve is provided at the outlet of the cooler.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in this application, the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device further includes a powder expansion and pressure reduction device; the material outlet of the gas venting component is connected to the inlet of the powder expansion and pressure reduction device, and the outlet of the powder expansion and pressure reduction device is connected to the material inlet of the cooling device.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in this application, the cooling device includes a primary cooling device and a secondary cooling device; The material outlet of the gas-solid separator is connected to the material inlet of the primary cooling device, and the material outlet of the primary cooling device is connected to the material inlet of the secondary cooling device.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in this application, the primary cooling device includes a primary cooling chamber, a blower, a cooling pipe and a dust collector bag. A material inlet is provided in the middle of the primary cooling chamber, and a material outlet is provided at the bottom of the primary cooling chamber. The air outlet of the blower extends into the primary cooling chamber and is positioned between the material inlet and the material outlet. The cooling pipe is located between the material inlet and the material outlet, and above the air outlet of the blower. The dust collector bag is located at the top of the primary cooling device and is used to collect dust that flows out with the gas.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in this application, the secondary cooling device is a jacketed cooler.

[0015] The second aspect of this application provides a method for high-pressure ash removal from a gasifier, which is implemented using the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in the first aspect of this application.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the high-pressure ash removal method for gasifiers described in this application, the method includes the following steps: connecting the material inlet of the gas venting component to the ash discharge port of the gasifier through an ash discharge pipe, and the solid material obtained after being processed by the gas venting component flows into a cooling device. By adjusting the venting device of the gas venting assembly, the pressure of the material flowing out of the gas venting assembly is gradually reduced, and the pressure difference of the material flowing out of two adjacent gas venting assemblies is 0.8-1 MPa.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the high-pressure ash removal method for gasifiers described in this application, when a primary cooling device is used for cooling, the air flow rate of the blower ensures that the fluidization velocity of the cooling bed is 0.1-0.3 m / s; When the primary cooling unit is in operation, the volume of material accumulated in the primary cooling chamber accounts for 45%-50% of the volume of the primary cooling chamber.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the high-pressure ash discharge method for gasifiers described in this application, the ash discharge flow rate at the gasifier ash discharge port is 2t / h-20t / h.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this application include: the high-pressure ash removal method for the gasifier described in this application changes the traditional intermittent operation to continuous operation, reduces the stringent requirements for ash treatment equipment and valves, simplifies the process, and makes maintenance easy, thereby ensuring the overall reliability and stability of the gasifier operation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Ash discharge pipe; 2. Gas venting assembly; 3. Valve; 4. Primary cooling device; 5. Secondary cooling device; 6. Powder expansion pressure reducer; 41. Dust collector bag; 42. Cooling pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. These embodiments are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0024] This application provides a pressure-reducing and cooling device for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier, including an ash discharge pipe, a gas venting component, and a cooling device; the material inlet of the gas venting component is connected to the ash discharge port of the gasifier through the ash discharge pipe, and the material outlet of the gas venting component is connected to the material inlet of the cooling device. The number of ash discharge pipes is several, and the several ash discharge pipes are connected in series, and two adjacent ash discharge pipes are connected perpendicularly. A gas venting component is provided at the connection between two adjacent ash discharge pipes. The number of gas venting components is greater than 2, and several gas venting components are connected in series through ash discharge pipes, and the pressure of the material discharged by several gas venting components gradually decreases to atmospheric pressure.

[0025] The high-pressure gasifier coarse ash depressurization and cooling device described in this application utilizes the principle of distributed depressurization to gradually reduce the high-temperature and high-pressure coarse ash discharged from the gasifier into low-pressure solids, which greatly improves the reliability of the ash discharge device and also ensures the adaptability of the gasifier to various low-calorific-value raw materials.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, the gas venting assembly is a gas-solid separator; the number of gas-solid separators is 3-5, for example, 3, 4, or 5. The pressure difference of the outflowing material from two adjacent gas-solid separators is 0.2-1.5 MPa. At high pressure levels (e.g., greater than 1 MPa), the pressure difference of the outflowing material from two adjacent gas-solid separators is large, such as 1 MPa - 1.5 MPa; while at lower pressure levels (e.g., less than 1 MPa), the pressure difference of the outflowing material from two adjacent gas-solid separators is small, such as 0.2 MPa ~ 0.5 MPa. The magnitude of the interstage pressure difference determines the gas venting flow rate and velocity of the lower-stage venting assembly. Under high pressure conditions, the actual volumetric flow rate of the gas with the same mass flow rate is smaller, and the linear velocity when passing through the venting assembly is lower. Therefore, the pressure relief capacity is greater under high pressure, and a larger interstage pressure difference can be selected. As the pressure gradually decreases, the gas volume expands, the gas velocity increases, and the pressure relief capacity decreases under low pressure. Therefore, a smaller pressure difference is selected.

[0027] In some embodiments of this application, the gas venting assembly further includes a cooler connected to the outlet of the gas-solid separator for cooling the gas discharged from the gas-solid separator; a valve (equivalent to a venting device of the gas venting assembly) is provided at the outlet of the cooler. When the pressure of the material separated by the gas-solid separator is higher than a set value, the valve opens to increase venting until the material pressure is the same as the set value; when the pressure is low, the valve is gradually closed.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device further includes a powder expansion and pressure reducing device; the material outlet of the gas venting component is connected to the inlet of the powder expansion and pressure reducing device, and the outlet of the powder expansion and pressure reducing device is connected to the material inlet of the cooling device. After the venting component, a powder expansion and pressure reducing device is installed. When the coarse ash powder flows through the expansion and pressure reducing device in the pipeline, because the powder can expand freely, the resistance to gas precipitation from the solid is small, and the precipitated gas is discharged from the vent, allowing the coarse ash to receive a final pressure reduction, with the pressure reduced to near atmospheric pressure.

[0029] In some embodiments of this application, the cooling device includes a primary cooling device and a secondary cooling device; The material outlet of the gas-solid separator is connected to the material inlet of the primary cooling device, and the material outlet of the primary cooling device is connected to the material inlet of the secondary cooling device.

[0030] In some embodiments of this application, the primary cooling device includes a primary cooling chamber, a blower, a cooling pipe, and a dust collector bag. A material inlet is provided in the middle of the primary cooling chamber, and a material outlet is provided at the bottom of the primary cooling chamber. The air outlet of the blower extends into the primary cooling chamber and is positioned between the material inlet and the material outlet. The cooling pipe is located between the material inlet and the material outlet, and above the air outlet of the blower. The cooling medium inside the cooling pipe is water. The device that provides circulating cooling water is located outside the primary cooling chamber and forms a closed loop with the cooling pipe through a pipeline.

[0031] The dust collector bag is located at the top of the primary cooling device and is used to collect dust that flows out with the gas.

[0032] The primary cooling device used in this application is a fluidized bed cooling type. The ash discharge rate is adjusted by the material outlet at the bottom of the primary cooling chamber to maintain the material level in the primary cooling chamber. If there is too much material, the valve at the material outlet is opened wider to accelerate ash discharge; if there is too little material, the valve at the material outlet is closed to reduce ash discharge.

[0033] In practical use, the blower is turned on, and the material entering the primary cooling chamber is blown up and comes into contact with the cooling pipes under the action of air. Heat exchange occurs between the material and the cooling pipes, thereby reducing the temperature of the material. The material falling to the bottom of the primary cooling chamber is discharged from the material outlet and flows into the secondary cooling device.

[0034] The gas entering the primary cooling chamber flows to the top of the chamber, is filtered by the dust collector bags, and then discharged to the outside. To reduce the temperature of the gas flowing into the dust collector bags, cooling pipes can also be installed at the top of the primary cooling chamber to cool the gas as it passes through.

[0035] A heat exchange surface can also be installed in the primary cooling chamber. Softened water from the steam drum downcomer is heated by the material through the heat exchange surface, and part of the softened water evaporates into steam and enters the steam drum.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the secondary cooling device is a jacketed cooler. In actual operation, multiple sets of jacketed coolers can be used in parallel to ensure processing capacity.

[0037] This application also provides a method for high-pressure ash removal from a gasifier, which is implemented using the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in the first aspect of this application.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, the following steps are included: connecting the material inlet of the gas venting component to the ash outlet of the gasifier through an ash discharge pipe, and the solid material obtained by the gas venting component flows into the cooling device. By adjusting the venting device of the gas venting assembly, the pressure of the material flowing out of the gas venting assembly is gradually reduced, and the pressure difference of the material flowing out of two adjacent gas venting assemblies is 0.8-1 MPa.

[0039] In some embodiments of this application, when a primary cooling device is used for cooling, the air flow rate of the blower ensures that the fluidization velocity of the cooling bed is 0.1-0.3 m / s; for example, 0.1 m / s, 0.2 m / s, 0.25 m / s, 0.3 m / s, etc.

[0040] When the primary cooling device is in operation, the volume of material accumulated in the primary cooling chamber accounts for 45%-50% of the volume of the primary cooling chamber, such as 45%, 48%, 50%, etc.

[0041] In some embodiments of this application, the ash discharge flow rate of the gasifier ash discharge port is 2t / h-20t / h, such as 2t / h, 5t / h, 10t / h, 16t / h, 20t / h, etc.

[0042] The technical solution of this application will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0043] Example 1 A pressure-reducing and cooling device for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier includes an ash discharge pipe, a gas venting assembly, and a cooling device. The material inlet of the gas venting assembly is connected to the ash discharge port of the gasifier via the ash discharge pipe, and the material outlet of the gas venting assembly is connected to the material inlet of the cooling device. The gas venting assembly is used to perform gas-solid separation on the coarse ash discharged from the gasifier and reduce the pressure of the solid material. The cooling device is used to cool the depressurized solid material.

[0044] In this embodiment, the ash discharge pipes are connected in series, and two adjacent ash discharge pipes are connected vertically. The gas venting component is located at the connection point of the two ash discharge pipes.

[0045] In this embodiment, the gas venting assembly is a gas-solid separator, and there are four gas-solid separators connected in series via a ash discharge pipe. A cooler is connected to the outlet of each gas-solid separator to cool the gas discharged from the separator. In practical applications, it is necessary to ensure that the pressure of the material flowing out of the four gas-solid separators connected in series gradually decreases to atmospheric pressure. A valve is installed at the outlet of the cooler to regulate the pressure of the material discharged from the gas-solid separator.

[0046] The cooling device in this embodiment includes a primary cooling device and a secondary cooling device. The material outlet of the gas-solid separator is connected to the material inlet of the primary cooling device, and the material outlet of the primary cooling device is connected to the material inlet of the secondary cooling device.

[0047] The primary cooling device includes a primary cooling chamber, a blower, cooling pipes, and dust collector bags. A material inlet is located in the middle of the primary cooling chamber, and a material outlet is located at the bottom. The air outlet of the blower extends into the primary cooling chamber and is positioned between the material inlet and outlet. A cooling pipe is also installed between the material inlet and outlet, positioned above the air outlet of the blower. Dust collector bags are located at the top of the primary cooling device to collect dust flowing out with the gas. To reduce the temperature of the dust entering the dust collector bags, cooling pipes can be installed at the top of the primary cooling chamber to cool the dust flowing into the dust collector bags. In this embodiment, a jacketed cooler is used as the secondary cooling device.

[0048] Example 2 A method for high-pressure ash removal from a gasifier is implemented using the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device described in Example 1.

[0049] The specific operating steps include: The material inlet of the gas-solid separator in the high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure-reducing and cooling device described in Example 1 is connected to the ash discharge port of the gasifier via an ash discharge pipe (equipped with a valve). Four gas-solid separators are connected in series. The valve on the ash discharge pipe is adjusted to make the coarse ash flow rate entering the gas-solid separator (the one directly connected to the gasifier) ​​10 t / h. The valve at the cooler outlet is adjusted to make the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the first gas-solid separator (the one directly connected to the gasifier is designated as the first gas-solid separator; the one connected to the first gas-solid separator is designated as the second gas-solid separator, and so on, sequentially designated as the third and fourth gas-solid separators) 3.8 MPa, the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the second gas-solid separator 2.6 MPa, the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the third gas-solid separator 0.5 MPa, and the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the fourth gas-solid separator 0.02 MPa. The gas separated by the gas-solid separators is discharged through the cooler.

[0050] The coarse ash discharged from the fourth gas-solid separator enters the primary cooling unit for cooling. In actual operation, the airflow rate of the blower is controlled (depending on the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooler) to maintain a solid fluidization velocity of 0.2 m / s. The airflow generated by the blower exerts an upward blowing force on the material entering the primary cooling chamber. Under this force, the material flows upward and exchanges heat with the cooling pipes, thus being cooled. The cooled material flows through the material outlet of the primary cooling unit into the secondary cooling unit (jacketed cooler). The dust carried out by the airflow is cooled by the cooling pipes, filtered by dust collector bags, and the dust is retained in the dust collector bags before the air is discharged into the atmosphere. To ensure the stability of the bed material in the gasifier, the outflow rate of the material is controlled by a valve located at the material outlet of the primary cooling unit, ensuring that the volume of material accumulated in the primary cooling chamber occupies 45% of its volume.

[0051] Example 3 The difference between the high-pressure ash removal method for the gasifier described in Example 3 and Example 2 is that, in the implementation of the high-pressure ash removal method for the gasifier in Example 3, the valve at the outlet of the cooler is adjusted so that the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the first gas-solid separator (the gas-solid separator directly connected to the gasifier is called the first gas-solid separator, the one connected to the first gas-solid separator is called the second gas-solid separator, and subsequently named the third gas-solid separator and the fourth gas-solid separator) is 3 MPa, the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the second gas-solid separator is 1.5 MPa, the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the third gas-solid separator is 0.5 MPa, and the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the fourth gas-solid separator is 0.02 MPa.

[0052] Example 4 The difference between the high-pressure ash removal method for the gasifier in Example 4 and Example 1 is that, in Example 4, the valve at the cooler outlet is adjusted so that the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the first gas-solid separator (the gas-solid separator directly connected to the gasifier is designated as the first gas-solid separator, the one connected to the first gas-solid separator is designated as the second gas-solid separator, and so on, successively named the third gas-solid separator, the fourth gas-solid separator, etc.) is 3 MPa, the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the second gas-solid separator is 0.8 MPa, the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the third gas-solid separator is 0.1 MPa, and the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the fourth gas-solid separator is 0.02 MPa. The remaining operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Example 5 The difference between the high-pressure ash removal method for the gasifier in Example 5 and Example 1 is that, in Example 5, the valve at the cooler outlet is adjusted so that the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the first gas-solid separator (the gas-solid separator directly connected to the gasifier is designated as the first gas-solid separator, the one connected to the first gas-solid separator is designated as the second gas-solid separator, and so on, successively named the third gas-solid separator, the fourth gas-solid separator, etc.) is 2.0 MPa, the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the second gas-solid separator is 1 MPa, the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the third gas-solid separator is 0.2 MPa, and the pressure of the coarse ash discharged from the fourth gas-solid separator is 0.02 MPa. The remaining operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 The only difference between the high-pressure ash removal method of the gasifier described in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that, in the implementation of high-pressure ash removal of the gasifier in Comparative Example 1, when the gasifier pressure is around 1.0 MPa, there are two gas-solid separators. The two gas-solid separators are connected in series. The valves on the pipeline are adjusted to make the flow rate of coarse ash entering the gas-solid separator (the gas-solid separator directly connected to the gasifier) ​​10 t / h, and the valve at the outlet of the cooler is adjusted to make the pressure of coarse ash discharged from the first gas-solid separator (the gas-solid separator directly connected to the gasifier is the first gas-solid separator, and the one connected to the first gas-solid separator is the second gas-solid separator) 1 MPa, and the pressure of coarse ash discharged from the second gas-solid separator 0.02 MPa.

[0055] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure-reducing and cooling device for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier, characterized in that, It includes an ash discharge pipe, a gas venting assembly, and a cooling device; the material inlet of the gas venting assembly is connected to the ash discharge port of the gasification furnace through the ash discharge pipe, and the material outlet of the gas venting assembly is connected to the material inlet of the cooling device. The number of ash discharge pipes is several, and the several ash discharge pipes are connected in series, and two adjacent ash discharge pipes are connected perpendicularly. A gas venting component is provided at the connection between two adjacent ash discharge pipes. The number of gas venting components is greater than 2, and several gas venting components are connected in series through ash discharge pipes, and the pressure of the material discharged by several gas venting components gradually decreases to atmospheric pressure.

2. The pressure-reducing and cooling device for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas venting assembly is a gas-solid separator; The number of gas-solid separators is 3-5, and the pressure difference of the material flowing out of two adjacent gas-solid separators is 0.2-1.5 MPa; And / or, the gas venting assembly further includes a cooler connected to the outlet of the gas-solid separator for cooling the gas discharged from the gas-solid separator; a valve is provided at the outlet of the cooler.

3. The pressure-reducing and cooling device for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device also includes a powder expansion and pressure reduction device; the material outlet of the gas venting component is connected to the inlet of the powder expansion and pressure reduction device, and the outlet of the powder expansion and pressure reduction device is connected to the material inlet of the cooling device.

4. The pressure-reducing and cooling device for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling device includes a primary cooling device and a secondary cooling device; The material outlet of the gas-solid separator is connected to the material inlet of the primary cooling device, and the material outlet of the primary cooling device is connected to the material inlet of the secondary cooling device.

5. The high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The primary cooling device includes a primary cooling chamber, a blower, cooling pipes, and a dust collector bag. A material inlet is provided in the middle of the primary cooling chamber, and a material outlet is provided at the bottom of the primary cooling chamber. The air outlet of the blower extends into the primary cooling chamber and is positioned between the material inlet and the material outlet. The cooling pipe is located between the material inlet and the material outlet, and above the air outlet of the blower. The dust collector bag is located at the top of the primary cooling device and is used to collect dust that flows out with the gas.

6. The pressure-reducing and cooling device for coarse ash from a high-pressure gasifier according to claim 4, characterized in that, The secondary cooling device is a jacketed cooler.

7. A method for high-pressure ash removal from a gasifier, characterized in that, The high-pressure gasifier coarse ash pressure reduction and cooling device according to any one of claims 1-6 is used.

8. The method for high-pressure ash removal from a gasifier according to claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The material inlet of the gas venting component is connected to the ash outlet of the gasifier through the ash discharge pipe, and the solid material obtained after being processed by the gas venting component flows into the cooling device. By adjusting the venting device of the gas venting assembly, the pressure of the material flowing out of the gas venting assembly is gradually reduced, and the pressure difference of the material flowing out of two adjacent gas venting assemblies is 0.8-1 MPa.

9. The method for high-pressure ash removal from a gasifier according to claim 8, characterized in that, When using a primary cooling device, the airflow of the blower ensures that the fluidization velocity of the cooling bed is 0.1-0.3 m / s; When the primary cooling unit is in operation, the volume of material accumulated in the primary cooling chamber accounts for 45%-50% of the volume of the primary cooling chamber.

10. The method for high-pressure ash removal from a gasifier according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ash discharge flow rate at the gasifier's ash discharge port is 2t / h-20t / h.

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