Tire appearance defect detection machine

Abstract

The invention provides a tire appearance defect detection machine which comprises a conveying mechanism, a workpiece conveying path is formed on the conveying mechanism, a plurality of detection stations are sequentially arranged on the conveying path, and the conveying mechanism is configured to be capable of driving workpieces to move among the detection stations along the conveying path; the adjusting mechanism and the detection mechanism are arranged corresponding to the detection station, the adjusting mechanism has at least two working states, the first working state is to separate the workpiece from the conveying mechanism and drive the workpiece to rotate around the axis of the workpiece, the second working state is to avoid the conveying path of the workpiece, and the detection mechanism is configured to be capable of detecting the to-be-detected workpiece rotating through the adjusting mechanism. According to the tire appearance defect detection machine, the multiple detection stations are arranged on the conveying path, multiple detection work of the tire can be completed on single equipment, on the detection stations, the adjusting mechanism can drive the workpiece to rotate and cooperate with the detection mechanism to achieve automatic detection, and compared with manual detection, the working efficiency and the detection precision can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tire appearance defect detection technology, and in particular to a tire appearance defect detection machine. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the automotive industry, tires, as a key safety component of automobiles, have their appearance quality directly affecting driving safety. Therefore, extremely high requirements are placed on their factory inspection. Currently, the tire manufacturing industry mainly relies on traditional manual visual inspection methods for appearance inspection. This method is not only inefficient and labor-intensive, but also susceptible to factors such as the subjective state and fatigue level of the inspectors, making it difficult to guarantee accuracy and prone to problems such as missed inspections and misjudgments. It cannot meet the demands of modern industrial production for high efficiency and high-quality control.

[0003] To replace manual inspection and achieve automated testing, machine vision-based inspection technology has become a clear market trend. However, as a three-dimensional component, tires exhibit significant multifaceted and multidirectional characteristics in their appearance defect inspection, requiring comprehensive inspection of multiple surfaces such as the sidewall, shoulder, and tread. While some existing visual inspection solutions employ image recognition or 3D scanning, they still have many shortcomings in practical applications. For example, the equipment is often limited in function, unable to integrate multiple inspection functions (such as 2D and 3D inspection) on a single device, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive and efficient inspection of tire appearance defects.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a tire appearance defect detection machine with multiple detection functions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of existing odor treatment systems, this invention provides a tire appearance defect detection machine.

[0006] According to one objective of the present invention, a tire appearance defect inspection machine is provided, comprising:

[0007] A conveying mechanism having a conveying path for a workpiece formed thereon, and a plurality of inspection stations arranged sequentially on the conveying path, wherein the conveying mechanism is configured to drive the workpiece to move between the inspection stations along the conveying path.

[0008] The adjustment mechanism and the detection mechanism are set up in the detection station. The adjustment mechanism has at least two working states. The first working state is to separate the workpiece from the conveying mechanism and drive the workpiece to rotate around its own axis. The second working state is to avoid the conveying path of the workpiece. The detection mechanism is configured to detect the workpiece to be tested that rotates through the adjustment mechanism.

[0009] By integrating a conveying mechanism, an adjustment mechanism, and a testing mechanism, the entire tire inspection process is automated. Compared to traditional manual visual inspection, this solution can operate 24 hours a day without interruption, significantly improving inspection efficiency. The multi-working-state design of the adjustment mechanism allows the tire to be precisely positioned and rotated at multiple angles at the inspection station. Together with the testing mechanism, this ensures the comprehensiveness and accuracy of defect detection and reduces the risk of missed defects.

[0010] Preferably, there are two inspection stations and two inspection mechanisms. The inspection station is divided into a 3D vision inspection station and a 2D vision inspection station arranged sequentially along the conveying path. The inspection mechanism is divided into a 3D vision inspection mechanism corresponding to the 3D vision inspection station and a 2D vision inspection mechanism corresponding to the 2D vision inspection station.

[0011] By setting up two dedicated inspection stations, multi-dimensional inspection of tire appearance is achieved. The 3D vision inspection station is suitable for inspecting three-dimensional defects of tires, such as dents or deformations, while the 2D vision inspection station focuses on planar defects, such as scratches or stains. This division of labor and collaboration improves the accuracy and coverage of the inspection. The dual-station design also allows for parallel processing, further optimizing the inspection process and improving overall efficiency. At the same time, the compact structure avoids the limitations of dedicated equipment.

[0012] Preferably, the visual inspection mechanism is provided with a visual camera, which includes a 3D visual camera provided on the 3D visual inspection mechanism and a 2D visual camera provided on the 2D visual inspection mechanism;

[0013] A workpiece model detection module is provided at the beginning of the conveying path. The vision inspection mechanism and the workpiece model detection module are electrically connected. The vision inspection mechanism is configured to obtain the workpiece model through the workpiece model detection module and adjust the detection position of the vision camera.

[0014] By linking the workpiece model detection module with the vision camera, automatic adaptation of detection parameters is achieved. When the tire model changes, the system can quickly adjust the camera position and angle, avoiding the tedious manual recalibration. This improves the equipment's adaptability to different tire models, ensures the consistency and reliability of detection, and reduces errors caused by model switching. The real-time feedback mechanism further enhances the real-time nature of quality control.

[0015] Preferably, the conveying structure is provided with a vertical opening, and the adjusting mechanism is provided with a rotating device that can be raised and lowered within the opening. The rotating device is provided with a support surface for the workpiece. When the adjusting mechanism is in working state one, the support surface is higher than the lower end of the conveying path on the conveying structure. When the adjusting mechanism is in working state two, the support surface is lower than the lower end of the conveying path on the conveying structure.

[0016] The lifting and rotating device allows for seamless switching between tire conveying and inspection states. In operating state one, the tire is lifted and rotated for multi-angle inspection; in operating state two, the device avoids the conveying path, ensuring smooth tire movement. This structure reduces mechanical interference and improves the stability and efficiency of equipment operation. Simultaneously, the combination of the vertical opening and support surface simplifies the mechanical layout and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0017] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism corresponding to the 3D vision inspection station is configured to provide lateral synchronous centering of the workpiece, and the adjustment mechanism corresponding to the 2D vision inspection station is configured to provide lateral rigid clamping of the workpiece.

[0018] By customizing adjustment mechanisms for different inspection stations, precise tire positioning during the inspection process is ensured. The synchronous centering mechanism adapts to tire size, reducing inspection errors caused by eccentricity; the rigid clamping mechanism ensures tire stability under high-speed rotation. This differentiated design improves the accuracy of inspection data, making it particularly suitable for high-precision visual inspection scenarios, while also enhancing the equipment's adaptability to complex tire structures.

[0019] Preferably, the tire appearance defect inspection machine further includes: a material separating mechanism, which is disposed at the starting end of the conveying mechanism and is configured to separate the workpieces to be inspected from each other.

[0020] The introduction of the material sorting mechanism enables automatic separation and queuing of tires, preventing workpieces from piling up or colliding on the conveying path, improving conveying efficiency, reducing inspection interference caused by workpiece overlap, and ensuring the inspection quality of subsequent stations. Automated material sorting reduces the need for manual intervention and further enhances the continuity and reliability of the overall system.

[0021] Preferably, the conveying mechanism includes a main frame, on which wall panels one and two are arranged at relatively intervals. Wall panels one and two are installed on the main frame, and wall panels two are installed on the main frame. A plurality of rollers one are connected between wall panels one and wall panels two. Double-row sprockets are provided between rollers one. Rollers one and three-phase motor one are connected by sprockets and chains.

[0022] The second conveying mechanism includes wall panels three and four arranged at relative intervals on the main frame. A roller two is connected between wall panels three and four. Double-row sprockets are provided between roller two. Roller two and three-phase motor two are connected by sprockets and chains.

[0023] The tire appearance defect inspection machine also includes a material distribution mechanism, which includes:

[0024] A support frame is connected to the main body frame. A material distribution plate is movably connected to the upper part of the support frame. A guide rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the material distribution plate. The guide rod movably passes through an oil-free bushing installed on the support frame.

[0025] A cylinder is mounted on the support frame and is connected to the material distribution plate via a floating joint.

[0026] The conveying and distributing mechanisms adopt a modular design, ensuring smooth and durable conveying. The dual conveying mechanisms, in conjunction with the distributing mechanism, achieve efficient tire diversion and transfer, reducing downtime. The use of cylinders and floating joints improves the accuracy and flexibility of the distributing action and reduces component wear. The overall structure simplifies the maintenance process.

[0027] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes a lifting and rotating mechanism and a centering mechanism disposed above the lifting and rotating mechanism;

[0028] The lifting and rotating mechanism includes:

[0029] The adjustment mechanism includes a lifting and rotating mechanism and a centering mechanism disposed above the lifting and rotating mechanism.

[0030] The lifting and rotating mechanism includes:

[0031] Linear guide rail, which is mounted on the main body frame;

[0032] A support block is mounted on the slider of the linear guide rail, and the support block is connected to the support plate;

[0033] The electric cylinder is mounted on the main frame and connected to the support plate.

[0034] Rotating mechanism support one is connected to the support plate, and rotating mechanism support two is connected above rotating mechanism support one;

[0035] The servo motor is connected to the first rotating mechanism support, and the power roller is connected to the second rotating mechanism support. The servo motor and the power roller are connected by a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt.

[0036] The tire appearance defect inspection machine also includes:

[0037] The frame assembly includes: a fixed bracket, a mounting bracket, a support bracket, and a diagonal brace bracket. The mounting bracket is mounted on the fixed bracket, the support bracket is mounted on the fixed bracket, and the diagonal brace bracket is mounted between the fixed bracket and the mounting bracket.

[0038] The centering mechanism includes:

[0039] The module is connected to the mounting bracket, the connecting plate is connected to the module, the linear guide is mounted on the connecting plate, the fixing plate is connected to the linear guide, the oil-free bushing is mounted on the fixing plate, the chrome-plated rod is connected to the pressure sensor by screws, the pressure sensor is connected to the connecting plate, the spring is mounted on the chrome-plated rod, and the centering roller is connected to the fixing plate by threads.

[0040] The coordinated lifting, rotating, and centering mechanisms ensure the synergy of the tire's lifting, rotating, and centering actions. Linear guides and module design improve motion accuracy and repeatability, reducing vibration interference. Pressure sensors and spring structures enable flexible centering pressure control, preventing damage to the tire surface. The robust layout of the frame assembly enhances overall rigidity, making it suitable for high-intensity continuous operation.

[0041] Preferably, the 3D vision inspection mechanism includes:

[0042] The 3D lifting assembly includes a support seat mounted on a mounting bracket, a linear guide rail mounted on the support seat, a lifting block mounted on the linear guide rail, and a rack mounted on the lifting block.

[0043] The speed reducer is mounted on the support base, the servo motor is connected to the speed reducer, and the gear is mounted on the speed reducer through a key and a set screw. The gear and the rack mesh with each other.

[0044] The 3D vision inspection mechanism also includes:

[0045] The mounting plate is installed on the lifting block, the electric cylinder is installed on the mounting plate, the linear guide rail is installed on the mounting plate, and the connecting plate is connected to the slider of the linear guide rail;

[0046] The angle adjustment module includes a rotating bracket connected to a connecting plate, a motor mount mounted on the connecting plate, a servo motor mounted on the motor mount, a fixed bearing mount mounted on the connecting plate, a support bearing mount mounted on the rotating bracket, a ball screw driven by the servo motor connected to the ball screw, the ball screw being fixed to the fixed support mount by threads, a linear guide mounted on the rotating bracket, a bearing mount mounted on the rotating bracket, a drive shaft mounted on the bearing mount and its installation position limited by a snap ring, a gear mounted on the drive shaft and linked by a key and set screw, a nut assembly connected to the linear guide and mounted on the outside of the ball screw, a rack mounted on the nut assembly, the rack meshing with the gear, a mounting plate provided on the drive shaft, a connecting plate connected to the mounting plate, and a 3D vision camera mounted on both the mounting plate and the mounting plate.

[0047] The 2D vision inspection mechanism includes:

[0048] The 2D lifting component is mounted on the mounting bracket in a manner that avoids the 3D lifting component.

[0049] The 2D vision inspection mechanism also includes:

[0050] The mounting plate is installed on the 2D lifting assembly. The module is mounted on the mounting plate. The mounting bracket is mounted on the module. The module is mounted on the mounting bracket. The connecting plate is mounted on the module. The vision adjustment bracket is mounted on the connecting plate. The 2D vision camera is mounted on the vision adjustment bracket.

[0051] The multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment capability of the 3D and 2D vision inspection mechanism allows the camera to precisely adapt to the complex curvature of the tire. Gear racks and pinions and module transmissions ensure smooth movement and positioning accuracy, reducing image acquisition errors. The obstacle avoidance design prevents mechanism interference and optimizes space utilization. This highly adjustable vision system enhances the sensitivity of defect identification, making it particularly suitable for the multi-faceted and multi-directional inspection needs of tires, achieving the goals of improved inspection accuracy and real-time feedback.

[0052] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism further includes a second clamping, lifting, and rotating mechanism, which includes:

[0053] The mounting plate is installed on the main frame. The electric cylinder is installed on the mounting plate. The floating joint is threaded to the electric cylinder. The lifting base plate is threaded to the floating joint. The oil-free bushing is installed on the mounting plate. The lifting base plate is installed on the mounting plate. The chrome-plated rod is installed in the guide shaft seat and fixed with screws. The chrome-plated rod moves up and down with the lifting base plate and plays a guiding role. The rotary table is installed on the lifting base plate. The rotary table is installed on the rotary table.

[0054] The linear guide is mounted on the mounting plate, the sliding plate is mounted on the slider of the linear guide, the rack is mounted on the slider plate and supported by the linear guide below, the fixed seat is mounted on the sliding plate, and the unpowered roller is mounted in the fixed seat and is held in place by screws. There are two movable components consisting of the linear guide, rack and sliding plate arranged opposite each other on the mounting plate, in which a gear meshes between the opposite racks, and the gear meshes with both racks at the same time.

[0055] The clamping, lifting, and rotating mechanism II synchronously drives the dual-sided clamping components via a rack and pinion system, ensuring the tire is rigidly fixed and evenly stressed at the 2D inspection station. An electric cylinder and floating joint provide reliable lifting power, while a chrome-plated guide structure enhances motion stability. This design prevents the tire from shifting during high-speed rotation, improving the clarity and consistency of 2D visual inspection. Simultaneously, modular components reduce assembly complexity.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0057] This tire appearance defect inspection machine has multiple inspection stations set up on the conveying path, which can complete multiple inspection tasks on a single device. At the inspection station, the adjustment mechanism can drive the workpiece to rotate and cooperate with the inspection mechanism to achieve automated inspection. Compared with manual inspection, it can significantly improve work efficiency and inspection accuracy.

[0058] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0059] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a tire appearance defect detection machine according to the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the conveying mechanism in a tire appearance defect inspection machine according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting and rotating mechanism in a tire appearance defect inspection machine according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the frame assembly of a tire appearance defect inspection machine according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the centering mechanism in a tire appearance defect inspection machine according to the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of one perspective of the 3D vision inspection mechanism in the tire appearance defect inspection machine of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the 3D vision inspection mechanism in a tire appearance defect inspection machine according to the present invention from two perspectives;

[0066] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping, lifting, and rotating mechanism 2 in a tire appearance defect inspection machine according to the present invention;

[0067] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the 2D vision inspection mechanism in a tire appearance defect inspection machine according to the present invention;

[0068] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the material distribution mechanism in a tire appearance defect detection machine according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The following description is intended to provide a detailed account of the invention so that those skilled in the art can implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0070] Please see Figure 1-10 The present invention provides a technical solution: a tire appearance defect detection machine, comprising:

[0071] It includes a material distribution mechanism 1, a conveying mechanism 2, a lifting and rotating mechanism 1 3, a centering mechanism 4, a 3D vision inspection mechanism 5, a clamping lifting and rotating mechanism 2 6, and a 2D vision inspection mechanism 7;

[0072] Among them, conveying mechanism 2 is divided into conveying mechanism one and conveying mechanism two;

[0073] The material separating mechanism 1 is used to separate the tires that need to be tested to meet the needs of subsequent testing;

[0074] The conveying mechanism 1 is used to transport the tires onto the lifting and rotating mechanism 3;

[0075] The lifting and rotating mechanism 3 is used to lift the tire to a designated position and provide power for the tire to rotate.

[0076] The centering mechanism 4 is used to move the tire to be inspected to a designated position via the centering roller and tighten it.

[0077] The 3D vision inspection mechanism 5 is used to adjust the 3D vision camera to a specified position and angle.

[0078] The second conveying mechanism is used to transport the tire to the second clamping lifting and rotating mechanism 6.

[0079] The clamping, lifting, and rotating mechanism 26 is used to move the tire to be inspected to a designated position via the centering roller, and to lift the tire to the designated position and drive the tire to rotate.

[0080] The 2D vision inspection mechanism 7 is used to adjust the 2D vision camera to a specified position and angle.

[0081] See Figure 1 and 2 The conveying mechanism 2 is divided into conveying mechanism one and conveying mechanism two;

[0082] The conveying mechanism includes a main frame 201, on which wall panels 202 and 203 are arranged at relatively intervals. Wall panels 202 and 203 are mounted on the main frame 201 by fastening screws. A plurality of rollers 208 are connected between wall panels 202 and 203 by fastening screws. Double-row sprockets are provided between rollers 208. Rollers 208 and three-phase motor 204 are connected by sprockets and chains.

[0083] In this embodiment, the main frame 201 is welded with carbon steel square tubes to ensure the rigidity of the entire mechanism. Wall panel 1 202 and wall panel 203 are welded with carbon steel to ensure rigidity. The roller 1 208 is driven to rotate by a three-phase motor 1 204 to transport the tire to the 3D vision inspection station.

[0084] The second conveying mechanism includes wall panel three 205 and wall panel four 206 arranged at relative intervals on the main frame 201. The wall panel three 205 and wall panel four 206 are connected by fastening screws to roller two 210. The wall panel three 205 is installed on the main frame 201 by fastening screws, and the wall panel four 206 is installed on the main frame 201 by fastening screws. The roller two 210 is provided with a double row of sprockets. The roller two 210 and the three-phase motor two 207 are connected by sprockets and chains.

[0085] In this embodiment, wall panel 3 205 and wall panel 4 206 are made of carbon steel welded to ensure rigidity. The three-phase motor 2 207 drives the roller 2 210 to rotate and transport the tire to the 2D vision inspection station.

[0086] See Figure 10 The material distribution mechanism 1 specifically includes:

[0087] Support frame 107 is connected to the main body frame 201 by fastening screws. A material distribution plate 103 is movably connected to the upper part of the support frame 107. A guide rod 104 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the material distribution plate 103. The guide rod 104 is movably inserted through an oil-free bushing 105 that is installed on the support frame 107 by fastening screws.

[0088] The cylinder 101 is fixed to the support frame 107 by screws. The cylinder 101 is connected to the material distribution plate 103 through the floating joint 102. The floating joint 102 and the cylinder 101 are connected by their own threads.

[0089] See Figure 3 The lifting and rotating mechanism 3 includes:

[0090] Linear guide rail 302 is mounted on the main body frame 201 by fastening screws;

[0091] Support block 303 is mounted on the slider of linear guide rail 302 by fastening screws, and the other side of support block 303 is connected and fixed to support plate 304 by fastening screws.

[0092] Electric cylinder 301 is mounted on the main body frame 201 by fastening screws, and electric cylinder 301 is connected to support plate 304 by its own threads.

[0093] Rotating mechanism bracket 1 305 is connected to support plate 304 with high-strength screws, and rotating mechanism bracket 2 307 is connected above rotating mechanism bracket 1 305.

[0094] Servo motor 306 is connected to rotating mechanism bracket 305 with high-strength screws, and drive roller 308 is locked to rotating mechanism bracket 307 with high-strength screws. One side of synchronous pulley 309 is fixed to servo motor 306 by key and set screw, and the other side of synchronous pulley 309 is fixed to drive roller 308 by key and set screw. Servo motor 306 and drive roller 308 are connected by synchronous pulley 309 and synchronous belt to provide power for tire rotation.

[0095] As can be seen, the lifting and rotating mechanism 31 is driven to move up and down by the electric cylinder 301. The linear guide rail 302 ensures the stability and accuracy of the movement of the support plate 304 and avoids the detection and conveying mechanisms on the left and right. The rotating mechanism bracket 305 is connected to the support plate 304 with high-strength screws. The power roller 308 is locked to the rotating mechanism bracket 307 with high-strength screws. One side of the synchronous pulley 309 is fixed to the power roller 308 by a key and a set screw. The servo motor 306 is connected to the rotating mechanism bracket 305 with high-strength screws. The other side of the synchronous pulley 309 is fixed to the servo motor 306 by a key and a set screw. The servo motor 306 and the power roller 308 are connected by the synchronous pulley 309 and the synchronous belt to provide power for the rotation of the tire.

[0096] In use, the conveyor mechanism 2 is used to transport the tire to the 3D vision inspection station located on the conveyor mechanism 2. When the vulcanized finished tire is transported to the tire appearance defect inspection machine through the assembly line, the tire model is determined by the code reader on the front assembly line and fed back to the tire appearance defect inspection machine. The tire is accurately transported to the 3D inspection station through the photoelectric switch signal on the tire appearance inspection machine.

[0097] Conveying mechanism 2 is a powered roller conveyor line. The powered rollers are driven by sprockets and chains. The workpiece is conveyed to the 3D inspection station by the friction between it and the powered rollers, and its specific position is determined by photoelectric detection.

[0098] The lifting and rotating mechanism 3 is used to lift the tire to a designated position. The lifting mechanism in the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 is mainly to allow the rotating mechanism to avoid the conveyor line. After reaching the designated position, the rotating mechanism drives the tire to rotate. Specifically, the rotating mechanism is installed on the lifting mechanism and is lower than the power roller on the conveyor mechanism 6. After the workpiece reaches the lifting position, the lifting mechanism rises and the rotating mechanism supports the workpiece to reach the designated position.

[0099] More specifically, the roller 208 on the conveying mechanism 2 has an opening 1 corresponding to the 3D vision inspection station. The power roller 308 on the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 is configured to move up and down within the opening 1. The highest limit position of the power roller 308 in the direction of movement is higher than the upper end face of the roller 208, and the lowest limit position of the power roller 308 in the direction of movement is lower than the lower end face of the roller 208. This allows the tire to be lifted upwards when the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 is raised, separating the tire from the conveying mechanism 2. When the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 is lowered, the tire comes into contact with the conveying mechanism, thus enabling the conveying mechanism to guide the tire.

[0100] The tire appearance defect inspection machine includes:

[0101] The frame assembly includes: a fixed bracket 401, a mounting bracket 402, a support bracket 403, and a diagonal brace bracket 404. The mounting bracket 402 is mounted on the fixed bracket 401 by fastening screws. The support bracket 403 is connected to the fixed bracket 401 by fastening screws. The diagonal brace bracket 404 is connected to the fixed bracket 401 on one side and to the mounting bracket 402 on the other side by fastening screws.

[0102] See Figure 1 , 4 And 5, the centering mechanism 4 includes:

[0103] Module 405 is connected to mounting bracket 402 by fastening screws. Connecting plate 406 is connected to module 405 by fastening screws. Linear guide rail 407 is mounted on connecting plate 406 by fastening screws. Fixing plate 408 is connected to linear guide rail 407 by fastening screws. Oil-free bushing 409 is mounted on fixing plate 408 by fastening screws. Chrome-plated rod 410 is connected to pressure sensor 412 by screws. Pressure sensor 412 is connected to connecting plate 406 by fastening screws. Spring 411 is mounted on chrome-plated rod 410. Centering roller 413 is connected to fixing plate 408 by threads.

[0104] The centering mechanism 4 drives the centering rollers 413 to move towards the center simultaneously through the four centering modules 405 to tighten the tire. After ensuring the center position of the tire, the power rollers 308 on the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 rotate to drive the tire to rotate.

[0105] In use, the tire is raised to the designated position along with the power roller 308 via the lifting and rotating mechanism 3. The centering mechanism 4 clamps the tire, the 3D vision inspection mechanism 5 moves to the inspection position, and the power roller drives the tire to rotate, thus realizing 3D vision inspection.

[0106] The centering mechanism 4 is used to move the tire to be inspected to the inspection position and clamp it via the centering roller 413. When the electric cylinder 301 of the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 descends to the designated avoidance position, the magnetic switch on the electric cylinder 301 sends a feedback signal, and the centering mechanism 4 moves to clamp the tire. The specific movement stroke is determined by the tire model determined by the front barcode reader. The centering mechanism 4 is also equipped with a pressure sensor for error prevention. Specifically, after the workpiece is raised to the designated position via the lifting and rotating mechanism 3, the centering mechanism 4 moves centripetally through the lead screw module and clamps the workpiece. The movement stroke is preset in advance based on the specific tire model parameters.

[0107] See Figure 6 and 7 The 3D vision inspection mechanism 5 includes:

[0108] The 3D lifting assembly includes a support base 501 mounted on a mounting bracket 402 by fastening screws, a linear guide rail 502 mounted on the support base 501 by fastening screws, a lifting block 503 mounted on the linear guide rail 502 by fastening screws, and a rack 504 mounted on the lifting block 503 by fastening screws.

[0109] The reducer 506 is mounted on the support base 501 by fastening screws. The servo motor 505 is connected to the reducer 506 by fastening screws. The gear 507 is mounted on the reducer 506 by a key and a set screw. The gear 507 meshes with the rack 504. The lifting block 503 moves up and down by meshing the gear and rack.

[0110] The 3D vision inspection mechanism 5 also includes:

[0111] Mounting plate 508 is mounted on lifting block 503 by fastening screws, electric cylinder 509 is mounted on mounting plate 508 by fastening screws, linear guide rail 510 is mounted on mounting plate 508 by fastening screws, and connecting plate 511 is connected to slider of linear guide rail 510 by fastening screws. The above 3D lifting components and electric cylinder 509 constitute a vision detection position adjustment module.

[0112] The angle adjustment module includes a rotating bracket 522 connected to a connecting plate 511 by fastening screws, a motor mount 513 mounted on the connecting plate 511 by fastening screws, a servo motor 512 mounted on the motor mount 513 by fastening screws, a fixed bearing mount 514 mounted on the connecting plate 511 by fastening screws, a support bearing mount 521 mounted on the rotating bracket 522 by fastening screws, a ball screw 515 driven by the servo motor 512, the ball screw 515 being fixed to the fixed support mount 514 by threads, a linear guide rail 516 mounted on the rotating bracket 522 by fastening screws, and a bearing mount 519 mounted on the connecting plate 511 by fastening screws. On the rotating support base 522, the drive shaft 520 is mounted on the bearing seat 519 and its installation position is limited by a snap ring. The gear 517 is mounted on the drive shaft 520 and is linked together by a key and a set screw. The nut pair 526 is connected to the linear guide rail 516 by a fastening screw and is mounted on the outside of the ball screw 515. The rack 518 is mounted on the nut pair 526 by a fastening screw. The rack 518 and the gear 517 mesh with each other to realize the rotation of the drive shaft 520. The drive shaft 520 is provided with a mounting plate 523. The connecting plate 524 is connected to the mounting plate 508 by a fastening screw. The mounting plate 525 is connected to the connecting plate 524 by a fastening screw.

[0113] Both mounting plates 523 and 525 are equipped with 3D vision cameras.

[0114] Servo motor 505 drives gear 507 to rotate. The entire mechanism is slidably mounted on support base 501. Linear guide rail 502 is mounted on lifting block 503. Rack 504 is mounted on lifting block 503. Gear 507 meshes with rack 504 and drives rack 504 to move up and down. Linear guide rail 502 moves up and down synchronously and guides lifting block 503.

[0115] Servo motor 512 drives ball screw 515 to rotate. Ball screw 515 is divided into two sections: positive thread and negative thread. Positive thread nut and negative thread nut drive rack 518 to move up and down. Rack 518 is mounted on guide rail 516. Rack 518 drives gear 517 to rotate to adjust mounting plate 523 and angle, thereby realizing the angle adjustment of 3D vision camera.

[0116] When in use, when the electric cylinder 301 of the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 descends to the designated avoidance position, the magnetic switch on the electric cylinder 301 sends a feedback signal, and the 3D vision inspection mechanism 5 moves to the corresponding inspection position according to the tire size. The specific movement stroke is determined by the tire model determined by the front barcode reader. The 3D vision inspection mechanism 5 realizes the corresponding movement action through the module. The 3D vision inspection mechanism 5 has a vision inspection position adjustment module and an angle adjustment module.

[0117] While the workpiece is being corrected by the centering mechanism 4, the 3D vision inspection mechanism 5 moves to the designated inspection position through the vision inspection position adjustment module.

[0118] The rotating module in the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 provides power and support for the tire to rotate at the detection position. When the centering mechanism 4 clamps the tire, the slotted switch on the centering mechanism 4 provides an action signal, and the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 starts to drive the workpiece to rotate. Specifically, after the pressure sensor 412 on the centering mechanism 4 provides a pressure signal, the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 drives the workpiece to start rotating, completes the corresponding detection, and stops at the initial position of the workpiece.

[0119] The centering mechanism 4 returns to the starting position, the lifting and rotating mechanism 3 descends, and the workpiece falls back onto the conveying mechanism 2.

[0120] See Figure 8 The clamping, lifting, and rotating mechanism 6 includes:

[0121] Mounting plate 601 is mounted on the main frame 201 by fastening screws. Electric cylinder 607 is mounted on mounting plate 601 by fastening screws. Floating joint 608 is threadedly connected to electric cylinder 607. Lifting base plate 612 is threadedly connected to floating joint 608. Oil-free bushing 610 is mounted on mounting plate 601 by fastening screws. Lifting base plate 612 is mounted on mounting plate 601 by fastening screws. Chrome-plated rod 609 is installed in guide shaft seat 611 and fixed by screws. Chrome-plated rod 609 moves up and down with lifting base plate 612 and plays a guiding role. Rotary table 613 is mounted on lifting base plate 612 by fastening screws. Rotary table 614 is mounted on rotary table 613 by fastening screws.

[0122] Linear guide rail 602 is mounted on mounting plate 601 with fastening screws. Sliding plate 604 is mounted on slider of linear guide rail 602 with fastening screws. Rack 603 is mounted on slider plate 604 and supported by linear guide rail below. Fixed seat 605 is mounted on sliding plate 604 with fastening screws. Unpowered roller 606 is mounted inside fixed seat 605 and is secured with screws. Figure 8 As can be seen, there are two movable components consisting of linear guide rail 602, rack 603 and sliding plate 604 arranged opposite each other on mounting plate 601. A gear 615 meshes between the opposing racks 603. The gear 615 and the two racks 603 mesh simultaneously. The gear is mounted on the bearing seat mechanism. The racks are mounted on the linear guide rail. The two unpowered rollers 606 clamp the tire to be tested through the relative movement of the gear and racks. The rotating table 613 drives the tire to be tested to rotate. The rotating table 613 supports and is compatible with tires of different specifications.

[0123] The clamping lifting and rotating mechanism 26 works similarly to the lifting and rotating mechanism 13 in terms of lifting. It is used to lift and rotate the tire to a designated position. The lifting mechanism in the lifting and rotating mechanism 13 mainly allows the rotating mechanism to avoid the conveyor line. After reaching the designated position, the rotating mechanism drives the tire to rotate. Specifically, the rotating mechanism is installed on the lifting mechanism and is lower than the power roller on the conveyor mechanism. After the workpiece reaches the lifting position, the lifting mechanism rises and the rotating mechanism supports the workpiece to reach the designated position.

[0124] The clamping mechanism 2 (6) differs from the centering mechanism 4 above the lifting and rotating mechanism 1 (3). The core of clamping in the lifting and rotating mechanism 2 (6) lies in rigid clamping, firmly fixing the tire sidewall to the rotating platform 614, making the tire and the platform a single rotating component. This eliminates potential relative slippage or vibration, providing extremely stable shooting conditions for the 2D camera. The centering mechanism 4 aims to accurately align the center of the circle, with synchronous centripetal movement in four directions, efficiently and precisely pushing the tire onto the theoretical centerline, a prerequisite for ensuring the accuracy of 3D detection.

[0125] See Figure 9 The 2D vision inspection mechanism 7 includes:

[0126] The 2D lifting assembly has the same structure as the 3D lifting assembly in the 3D vision inspection mechanism 5. The only difference is that the 2D lifting assembly is installed on the mounting bracket 402. Specifically, the 2D lifting assembly includes a support seat installed on the mounting bracket by fastening screws, a linear guide rail installed on the support seat by fastening screws, a lifting block installed on the linear guide rail by fastening screws, and a rack installed on the lifting block by fastening screws.

[0127] The speed reducer is mounted on the support base by fastening screws, the servo motor is connected to the speed reducer by fastening screws, the gear is mounted on the speed reducer by key and set screw, the gear and rack mesh with each other, and the lifting block moves up and down by the meshing of the gear and rack;

[0128] The 2D vision inspection mechanism 7 also includes:

[0129] Mounting plate 701 is mounted on lifting block 503 in 2D lifting assembly via fastening screws. Module 702 is mounted on mounting plate 701 via fastening screws. Mounting bracket 703 is mounted on module 702 via fastening screws. Module 704 is mounted on mounting bracket 703 via fastening screws. Connecting plate 705 is mounted on module 704 via fastening screws. Vision adjustment bracket 706 is mounted on connecting plate 705 via fastening screws. Module 707 is mounted on mounting plate 701 via fastening screws. Connecting plate 708 is mounted on module 707 via fastening screws. Vision adjustment bracket 709 is mounted on connecting plate 708 via fastening screws. A 2D vision camera is mounted on vision adjustment bracket 709.

[0130] In use, the tire is transferred to the rotary table 614 by the conveying mechanism 2. The unpowered roller 606 is clamped by the gear and rack mechanism. The rotary table 614 drives the tire to the designated position. The rotary table 613 drives the support plate 614 and the tire to rotate together, and completes the visual inspection in conjunction with the 2D vision inspection mechanism 7.

[0131] The workpiece is conveyed to the 2D vision inspection station by the friction between the power rollers on the conveying mechanism, and its specific position is determined by photoelectric detection.

[0132] Based on the tire model identified at the previous code reading station, the module in the 2D vision inspection mechanism 7 automatically adjusts the vision inspection position.

[0133] Conveying mechanism 26 transports the tire to the clamping station. Once the product is in position, the photoelectric sensor detects it. Clamping lifting and rotating mechanism 26 clamps the product and then retracts. Clamping lifting and rotating mechanism 26 then lifts the tire to a specified height and rotates it together with the tire to complete the detection of the relevant position.

[0134] The clamping lifting and rotating mechanism 26 returns to its starting position, descends, and the workpiece falls back onto the conveying mechanism 26 and flows out of the equipment.

[0135] In summary, this tire appearance defect inspection machine enables a single device to complete multiple tire inspection tasks, is compatible with multiple tire specifications, has a simple and reasonable structural design, is highly practical, and has relatively low cost, thus possessing certain application and promotional value.

[0136] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical ideas and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. The scope of patent application of the present invention should not be limited by these embodiments. That is, any equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit disclosed in the present invention still fall within the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tire appearance defect inspection machine, characterized in that, include: A conveying mechanism (2) is formed on which a conveying path for a workpiece is formed. Several detection stations are arranged sequentially on the conveying path. The conveying mechanism (2) is configured to drive the workpiece to move between the detection stations along the conveying path. The adjustment mechanism and the detection mechanism are set up in the detection station. The adjustment mechanism has at least two working states. The first working state is to separate the workpiece from the conveying mechanism and drive the workpiece to rotate around its own axis. The second working state is to avoid the conveying path of the workpiece. The detection mechanism is configured to detect the workpiece to be tested that rotates through the adjustment mechanism.

2. A tire appearance defect inspection machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two inspection stations and two inspection mechanisms. The inspection station is divided into a 3D vision inspection station and a 2D vision inspection station arranged sequentially along the conveying path. The inspection mechanism is divided into a 3D vision inspection mechanism (5) corresponding to the 3D vision inspection station and a 2D vision inspection mechanism (7) corresponding to the 2D vision inspection station.

3. A tire appearance defect detection machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The visual inspection mechanism is equipped with a visual camera, which includes a 3D visual camera installed on the 3D visual inspection mechanism (5) and a 2D visual camera installed on the 2D visual inspection mechanism (7). A workpiece model detection module is provided at the beginning of the conveying path. The vision inspection mechanism and the workpiece model detection module are electrically connected. The vision inspection mechanism is configured to obtain the workpiece model through the workpiece model detection module and adjust the detection position of the vision camera.

4. A tire appearance defect inspection machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying structure (2) is provided with a vertical opening, and the adjustment mechanism is provided with a rotating device that can be raised and lowered within the opening. The rotating device is provided with a support surface for the workpiece. When the adjustment mechanism is in working state one, the support surface is higher than the lower end of the conveying path on the conveying structure (2). When the adjustment mechanism is in working state two, the support surface is lower than the lower end of the conveying path on the conveying structure (2).

5. A tire appearance defect inspection machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism corresponding to the 3D vision inspection station is configured to provide lateral synchronous centering of the workpiece, and the adjustment mechanism corresponding to the 2D vision inspection station is configured to provide lateral rigid clamping of the workpiece.

6. A tire appearance defect inspection machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The material separating mechanism (1) is located at the starting end of the conveying mechanism (2) and is configured to separate the workpieces to be inspected from each other.

7. A tire appearance defect inspection machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conveying mechanism includes a main frame (201), on which wall panels one (202) and two (203) are arranged at relatively intervals. Wall panels one (202) are installed on the main frame (201), and wall panels two (203) are installed on the main frame (201). A plurality of rollers one (208) are connected between wall panels one (202) and wall panels two (203). Double-row sprockets are provided between rollers one (208). Rollers one (208) and three-phase motor one (204) are connected to a chain through sprockets. The second conveying mechanism includes wall panel three (205) and wall panel four (206) arranged at relative intervals on the main body frame (201). A roller two (210) is connected between wall panel three (205) and wall panel four (206). Double-row sprockets are provided between roller two (210). Roller two (210) and three-phase motor two (207) are connected to the chain through sprockets. The tire appearance defect inspection machine also includes a material distribution mechanism (1), which includes: A support frame (107) is connected to the main body frame (201). A material distribution plate (103) is movably connected above the support frame (107). A guide rod (104) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the material distribution plate (103). The guide rod (104) is movably inserted through an oil-free bushing (105) installed on the support frame (107). Cylinder (101), the cylinder (101) is mounted on the support frame (107), and the cylinder (101) is connected to the material distribution plate (103) through a floating joint (102).

8. A tire appearance defect inspection machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes a lifting and rotating mechanism (3) and a centering mechanism (4) disposed above the lifting and rotating mechanism (3). The lifting and rotating mechanism (3) includes: The adjustment mechanism includes a lifting and rotating mechanism (3) and a centering mechanism (4) disposed above the lifting and rotating mechanism (3). The lifting and rotating mechanism (3) includes: Linear guide rail (302) is mounted on the main body frame (201); Support block (303) is mounted on the slider of the linear guide rail (302), and the support block (303) is connected to the support plate (304); An electric cylinder (301) is mounted on the main body frame (201) and is connected to a support plate (304); Rotating mechanism support one (305) is connected to support plate (304), and rotating mechanism support two (307) is connected above rotating mechanism support one (305); The servo motor (306) is connected to the first rotating mechanism support (305), and the power roller (308) is connected to the second rotating mechanism support (307). The servo motor (306) and the power roller (308) are connected by a synchronous pulley (309) and a synchronous belt. The tire appearance defect inspection machine also includes: The frame assembly includes: a fixed bracket (401), a mounting bracket (402), a support bracket (403), and a diagonal brace bracket (404). The mounting bracket (402) is mounted on the fixed bracket (401), the support bracket (403) is mounted on the fixed bracket (401), and the diagonal brace bracket (404) is mounted between the fixed bracket (401) and the mounting bracket (402). The centering mechanism (4) includes: Module (405) is connected to mounting bracket (402), connecting plate (406) is connected to module (405), linear guide (407) is mounted on connecting plate (406), fixing plate (408) is connected to linear guide (407), oil-free bushing (409) is mounted on fixing plate (408), chrome-plated rod (410) is connected to pressure sensor (412) by screws, pressure sensor (412) is connected to connecting plate (406), spring (411) is mounted on chrome-plated rod (410), and centering roller (413) is connected to fixing plate (408) by thread.

9. A tire appearance defect inspection machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The 3D vision inspection mechanism (5) includes: The 3D lifting assembly includes a support base (501) mounted on a mounting bracket (402), a linear guide rail (502) mounted on the support base (501), a lifting block (503) mounted on the linear guide rail (502), and a rack (504) mounted on the lifting block (503). The reducer (506) is mounted on the support base (501), the servo motor (505) is connected to the reducer (506), and the gear (507) is mounted on the reducer (506) by a key and a set screw. The gear (507) meshes with the rack (504). The 3D vision inspection mechanism (5) also includes: Mounting plate (508) is installed on lifting block (503), electric cylinder (509) is installed on mounting plate (508), linear guide rail (510) is installed on mounting plate (508), and connecting plate (511) is connected to slider of linear guide rail (510); An angle adjustment module includes a rotating bracket (522) connected to a connecting plate (511), a motor mount (513) mounted on the connecting plate (511), a servo motor (512) mounted on the motor mount (513), a fixed bearing mount (514) mounted on the connecting plate (511), a support bearing mount (521) mounted on the rotating bracket (522), a servo motor (512) driving a connected ball screw (515), the ball screw (515) being fixed to the fixed support mount (514) by threads, a linear guide rail (516) mounted on the rotating bracket (522), a bearing mount (519) mounted on the rotating bracket (522), and a drive shaft (52... 0) The gear (517) is mounted on the bearing housing (520) and its position is limited by the snap ring. The gear (517) is mounted on the drive shaft (520) and is linked by the key and set screw. The nut pair (526) is connected to the linear guide (516) and is mounted on the outside of the ball screw (515). The rack (518) is mounted on the nut pair (526) and meshes with the gear (517). The drive shaft (520) is provided with a mounting plate (523). The connecting plate (524) is connected to the mounting plate (508). The mounting plate (525) is connected to the connecting plate (524). The mounting plate (523) and the mounting plate (525) are both provided with 3D vision cameras. The 2D vision inspection mechanism (7) includes: A 2D lifting assembly is mounted on a mounting bracket (402) in a manner that avoids the 3D lifting assembly; The 2D vision inspection mechanism (7) also includes: Mounting plate (701) is mounted on 2D lifting assembly. Module (702) is mounted on mounting plate (701). Mounting bracket (703) is mounted on module (702). Module (704) is mounted on mounting bracket (703). Connecting plate (705) is mounted on module (704). Vision adjustment bracket (706) is mounted on connecting plate (705). Module (707) is mounted on mounting plate (701). Connecting plate (708) is mounted on module (707). Vision adjustment bracket (709) is mounted on connecting plate (708). A 2D vision camera is mounted on vision adjustment bracket (709).

10. A tire appearance defect inspection machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism further includes a clamping lifting and rotating mechanism two (6), which includes: Mounting plate (601) is installed on the main frame (201). Electric cylinder (607) is installed on mounting plate (601). Floating joint (608) is threadedly connected to electric cylinder (607). Lifting base plate (612) is threadedly connected to floating joint (608). Oil-free bushing (610) is installed on mounting plate (601). Lifting base plate (612) is installed on mounting plate (601). Chrome-plated rod (609) is installed in guide shaft seat (611) and fixed with screws. Chrome-plated rod (609) moves up and down with lifting base plate (612) and plays a guiding role. Rotary table (613) is installed on lifting base plate (612). Rotary table (614) is installed on rotary table (613). A linear guide (602) is mounted on a mounting plate (601), a sliding plate (604) is mounted on the slider of the linear guide (602), a rack (603) is mounted on the slider plate (604) and supported below by the linear guide, a fixed seat (605) is mounted on the sliding plate (604), and a non-powered roller (606) is mounted inside the fixed seat (605) and is secured by screws. Two movable components consisting of the linear guide (602), rack (603) and sliding plate (604) are arranged opposite each other on the mounting plate (601), wherein a gear (615) meshes between the opposite racks (603), and the gear (615) meshes with the two racks (603) simultaneously.

Images