Battery pack thermal runaway test system

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery pack thermal runaway test system, and relates to the technical field of battery thermal diffusion tests.The battery pack thermal runaway test system comprises a high-temperature pressure container, a pressure relief structure and a data acquisition module, the high-temperature pressure container is provided with a reaction cavity, and the reaction cavity is used for mounting a battery cell; the pressure relief structure comprises a pressure relief valve assembly and a pressure relief pipe, and the pressure relief pipe is arranged on the high-temperature pressure container and is communicated with the reaction cavity through the pressure relief valve assembly; the data acquisition module at least comprises a pressure relief measuring assembly arranged on the pressure relief pipe, and the pressure relief measuring assembly is at least used for monitoring at least one of the flow velocity and the flow of gas in the pressure relief pipe in real time. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the flow velocity and / or flow of the pressure relief gas generated in the thermal runaway diffusion process of the battery pack can be monitored, so that a basis is provided for evaluating the disturbance influence of the pressure relief gas on a vehicle, and meanwhile, stable, continuous and effective monitoring can be implemented on the whole thermal runaway process of the battery pack.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery thermal diffusion test, in particular to a battery pack thermal runaway test system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rise and popularity of new energy vehicles, the safety of battery systems has become increasingly prominent. Thermal runaway diffusion is a key research direction in the field of battery safety and is one of the key indicators for measuring accident risk. However, the current battery pack thermal runaway test system has several technical limitations: first, during the thermal runaway diffusion process of the battery pack, high-speed gas is generated, which can cause significant disturbance to the flight attitude of vehicles such as aircraft. It is crucial to accurately assess this impact. However, the effective monitoring and analysis technology system for this disturbance effect has not yet been established. Second, battery pack thermal runaway involves a chain reaction of multiple cells, accompanied by high-risk phenomena such as intense burning and explosions, making it difficult to effectively monitor the entire process of battery pack thermal runaway, resulting in incomplete test records and even data failure. Third, the reaction vessel in the test device is usually not reusable, resulting in high costs for repeated tests. Fourth, the existing test process does not fully cover the verification of the thermal containment design for the battery pack. SUMMARY

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a battery pack thermal runaway test system, which aims to at least solve one of the following technical problems: (1) to monitor the pressure relief gas generated during the thermal runaway diffusion process of the battery pack, and to provide data support for evaluating the disturbance effect of the pressure relief gas on vehicles, especially aircraft; (2) to improve the reusability of the reaction vessel and reduce the test cost; (3) to ensure that the monitoring system can stably and continuously collect data during the entire process of thermal runaway of the battery pack; (4) to avoid data interruption or failure due to the rupture of the reaction vessel, thereby reducing the need for repeated tests. (5) to verify the thermal containment design of the battery pack.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the battery pack thermal runaway test system provided by the present application comprises: a high-temperature pressure vessel, the high-temperature pressure vessel is provided with a reaction cavity, and the reaction cavity is used for installing a battery cell; a pressure relief structure, the pressure relief structure comprises a pressure relief valve assembly and a pressure relief pipe, the pressure relief pipe is arranged on the high-temperature pressure vessel and is connected with the reaction cavity through the pressure relief valve assembly; and a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module at least comprises a pressure relief measurement assembly arranged on the pressure relief pipe, and the pressure relief measurement assembly is used to at least monitor the flow rate and flow of the gas in the pressure relief pipe in real time.

[0005] In an embodiment, the pressure relief measurement assembly comprises a windward pipe and a leeward pipe arranged on the sidewall of the pressure relief pipe and extending towards the middle of the pressure relief pipe, a detection port of the windward pipe is arranged to face the pressure relief valve assembly, and a detection port of the leeward pipe is arranged to face away from the pressure relief valve assembly, so as to monitor the pressure difference in the pressure relief pipe in real time, and measure the flow rate and / or flow volume of the gas according to the pressure difference.

[0006] In an embodiment, the pressure relief measurement assembly is provided in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of the pressure relief measurement assembly are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the pressure relief pipe.

[0007] In an embodiment, the data acquisition module further comprises a first temperature sensor and / or a first pressure sensor arranged in the pressure relief pipe.

[0008] In an embodiment, the data acquisition module further comprises a first air guide pipe arranged on the sidewall of the pressure relief pipe and extending towards the middle of the pressure relief pipe, and a probe of the first temperature sensor is arranged at the free end of the first air guide pipe; and / or the data acquisition module further comprises a second air guide pipe arranged on the sidewall of the pressure relief pipe and extending towards the middle of the pressure relief pipe, and a probe of the first pressure sensor is arranged at the free end of the second air guide pipe.

[0009] In an embodiment, the high-temperature pressure vessel is provided with a pressure relief interface, the pressure relief valve assembly comprises a mounting base and a pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is arranged on the pressure relief interface through the mounting base, and the pressure relief pipe cover is arranged on the pressure relief valve.

[0010] In an embodiment, the pressure relief valve assembly is provided in multiple groups, the pressure relief valves in any two groups of the pressure relief valve assembly are different in specification, and one group of the pressure relief valve assembly is mounted with the pressure relief interface, wherein the pressure relief interface is provided with a mounting structure, each mounting base is provided with a matching structure corresponding to the mounting structure, and the mounting base is arranged on the pressure relief interface through the mounting structure and the matching structure; and / or a positioning structure is arranged between the pressure relief interface and the mounting base, the positioning structure comprises a positioning column and a positioning groove, one of the positioning column and the positioning groove is arranged on the pressure relief interface, and the other is arranged on the mounting base.

[0011] In an embodiment, the gap between the cavity wall of the reaction cavity and the electric core is filled with a refractory high-temperature material, so as to form a simulation experiment cavity matched with the electric core in the reaction cavity.

[0012] In an embodiment, the high-temperature pressure vessel is provided with at least one mounting interface, and the battery pack thermal runaway test system further comprises at least one mounting pipe, one of the mounting pipes is detachably and sealingly connected with one of the mounting interfaces and protrudes towards the outside of the high-temperature pressure vessel, and the mounting pipe is at least used for sealingly mounting a data collector of the data acquisition module.

[0013] In an embodiment, the data collector further comprises a second pressure sensor, which is sealingly arranged at one end of the mounting pipe away from the high-temperature pressure vessel to detect the pressure in the reaction cavity; and / or The data collector further comprises a second temperature sensor, which is sealingly arranged in the mounting pipe to detect the temperature in the reaction cavity; and / or The data collector further comprises a voltage acquisition line, which is arranged in the mounting pipe to detect the voltage in the reaction cavity.

[0014] The technical scheme of the present application installs the thermal runaway test battery cell in the reaction cavity of the high-temperature pressure vessel and sets a pressure relief structure on the high-temperature pressure vessel, when the pressure in the reaction cavity reaches the preset threshold of the pressure relief valve assembly, the pressure relief valve assembly is opened, so that the pressure relief pipe and the reaction cavity are communicated, so that the gas in the reaction cavity is discharged from the pressure relief pipe, at the same time, the data acquisition module monitors the flow rate and / or flow of the gas in the pressure relief pipe in real time, so as to provide a basis for evaluating the disturbance of the pressure relief gas to the vehicle (especially the aircraft). During the flight of the aircraft, the change of the flow rate and flow of the released gas may affect the flight attitude of the aircraft, and the present scheme can effectively monitor and analyze such influence. Secondly, since the battery cell is installed in the reaction cavity of the high-temperature pressure vessel to cause thermal runaway reaction, the high-temperature pressure vessel can ensure that the structure remains intact and sealed during the whole test process, and does not break or explode, so that stable, continuous and effective monitoring of the whole process of battery pack thermal runaway can be realized, the test record is complete, data failure is avoided, and the situation of repeated test due to data failure is avoided. The high-temperature pressure vessel of the present scheme can be reused, so as to reduce the cost of repeated test. In addition, the present scheme can fully solve the verification and test requirements of the thermal containment design of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the following embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creating laborious work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the battery pack thermal runaway testing system provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded structural diagram of the provided battery pack thermal runaway test system; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the pressure relief valve structure of the provided battery pack thermal runaway test system; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the high-temperature pressure vessel and pressure relief valve assembly of the provided battery pack thermal runaway test system; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 7 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the pressure relief valve assembly of the provided battery pack thermal runaway test system; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the pressure relief assembly; Figure 9 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the pressure relief measurement component of the provided battery pack thermal runaway test system.

[0017] Explanation of icon numbers: 100. High-temperature pressure vessel; 110. Pressure relief port; 120. Fire-resistant and high-temperature resistant layer; 130. Mounting interface; 200. Pressure relief structure; 210. Pressure relief pipe; 211. Pressure relief channel; 220. Pressure relief valve assembly; 221. Mounting base; 222. Pressure relief valve; 230. Positioning structure; 231. Positioning column; 232. Positioning groove; 400. Pressure relief measurement assembly; 410. Windward duct; 420. Backwind duct; 430. First air guide pipe; 440. Second air guide pipe; 80. Battery cell.

[0018] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0021] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0022] With the rise and popularization of new energy vehicles, the safety of battery systems has become increasingly prominent. Thermal runaway propagation is a key research direction in the field of battery safety and one of the key indicators for measuring accident risk. However, current battery pack thermal runaway testing systems have several technical limitations: First, during the thermal runaway propagation process, the battery pack generates high-speed jets of gas, which can significantly disturb the attitude of vehicles such as aircraft. Accurately assessing this impact is crucial. However, an effective monitoring and analysis technology system for this disturbance effect has not yet been established. Second, battery pack thermal runaway involves a chain reaction of multiple cells, accompanied by high-risk phenomena such as violent combustion and explosion, making it difficult to effectively monitor the entire process of battery pack thermal runaway, resulting in incomplete test records and even data invalidation. Third, the reaction containers in the testing equipment are usually not reusable, leading to high costs for repeated testing. Fourth, existing testing procedures do not fully cover the thermal runaway design verification of battery packs.

[0023] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a battery pack thermal runaway testing system.

[0024] It should be noted that although this article uses an aircraft battery pack as an example for illustrative purposes, this does not constitute a limitation on the application areas of this solution. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system proposed in this solution is also applicable to the testing of high-energy-density battery packs used in various vehicles or equipment.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 andFigure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery pack thermal runaway test system includes a high-temperature pressure vessel 100, a pressure relief structure 200, and a data acquisition module. The high-temperature pressure vessel 100 is provided with a reaction chamber for power cell 80 installation. The pressure relief structure 200 includes a pressure relief valve assembly 220 and a pressure relief pipe 210. The pressure relief pipe 210 is disposed on the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and is connected to the reaction chamber through the pressure relief valve assembly 220. The data acquisition module includes at least a pressure relief measurement component 400 disposed on the pressure relief pipe 210. The pressure measurement component 400 is used to monitor at least one of the gas velocity and flow rate in the pressure relief pipe 210 in real time.

[0026] The technical solution of this invention involves installing a thermal runaway test cell 80 inside the reaction chamber of a high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and setting a pressure relief structure 200 on the high-temperature pressure vessel 100. When the pressure inside the reaction chamber reaches a preset threshold of the pressure relief valve assembly 220, the pressure relief valve assembly 220 opens, thereby connecting the pressure relief pipe 210 and the reaction chamber, allowing the gas inside the reaction chamber to be discharged from the pressure relief pipe 210. Simultaneously, a data acquisition module monitors parameters such as the flow rate and / or volume of the gas inside the pressure relief pipe 210 in real time, thus providing a basis for assessing the disturbance impact of the released gas on vehicles (especially aircraft). During aircraft flight, changes in the flow rate and volume of the released gas may affect its flight attitude; this solution can effectively monitor and analyze such effects.

[0027] Secondly, since this solution involves placing the battery cell 80 within the reaction chamber of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 to undergo thermal runaway, the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 ensures that the structure remains intact and well-sealed throughout the entire test, preventing rupture or explosion. This allows for stable, continuous, and effective monitoring of the entire battery pack thermal runaway process, ensuring complete test records, avoiding data failure, and thus preventing repeated testing due to data loss. The high-temperature pressure vessel 100 in this solution is also reusable, reducing the cost of repeated testing. Furthermore, this solution comprehensively addresses the verification and testing needs of battery pack thermal runaway design.

[0028] Specifically, the pressure relief pipe 210 has a pressure relief channel 211, which is connected to the reaction chamber through the pressure relief valve assembly 220.

[0029] It should be noted that after the thermal runaway reaction occurs and before the pressure in the reaction chamber reaches the preset threshold of the pressure relief valve assembly 220, the pressure relief valve assembly 220 is in a closed state. That is, after the thermal runaway reaction occurs and before the pressure in the reaction chamber reaches the preset threshold of the pressure relief valve assembly 220, the pressure relief pipe 210 and the reaction chamber are isolated from each other, and the gas in the reaction chamber cannot be discharged from the pressure relief pipe 210. Only when the pressure in the reaction chamber reaches the preset threshold of the pressure relief valve assembly 220 will the pressure relief valve assembly 220 open, thereby connecting the pressure relief pipe 210 and the reaction chamber, and allowing the gas in the reaction chamber to be discharged from the pressure relief pipe 210.

[0030] Furthermore, it should be noted that the high-temperature pressure vessel can be the battery pack casing, or it can be a reaction vessel designed to withstand high temperatures and pressures for testing the thermal runaway of the battery pack.

[0031] Secondly, the aircraft's battery pack is also equipped with a pressure relief pipe and a pressure relief valve during actual use. The pressure relief pipe and the inner cavity of the battery pack are connected through the pressure relief valve. In this solution, a pressure relief pipe 210 is set on the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and connected to the reaction chamber through the pressure relief valve assembly 220. This makes the test environment of the battery pack closer to the actual use environment of the aircraft's battery pack, thereby providing more accurate dynamic parameters of thermal runaway gas for evaluating the disturbance effect of pressure relief gas on the flight attitude of the aircraft.

[0032] More importantly, the pressure relief structure 200 of this solution can simulate the pressure relief valve and pressure relief pipe of the actual battery pack pressure relief system on the aircraft. On the one hand, it can further make the test environment of the battery pack closer to the actual use environment of the battery pack. On the other hand, it can also verify the pressure relief capability of the pressure relief structure 200 when the aircraft battery pack experiences thermal runaway.

[0033] To ensure the accuracy of the test, the pressure relief pipe 210 and pressure relief valve assembly 220 were tested as pressure relief structure 200 using pressure relief pipes and pressure relief valves of the same specifications as those actually used in the aircraft's battery pack.

[0034] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 9Optionally, the pressure relief measurement assembly 400 includes an air-facing pipe 410 and a leeward pipe 420, both disposed on the sidewall of the pressure relief pipe 210 and extending toward the center of the pressure relief pipe 210. The detection port of the air-facing pipe 410 faces the pressure relief valve assembly 220, and the detection port of the leeward pipe 420 faces away from the pressure relief valve assembly 220, to monitor the pressure difference within the pressure relief pipe 210 in real time and measure the gas velocity and / or flow rate based on the pressure difference. It can be understood that the gas flow rate can be obtained by multiplying the gas velocity value by the cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure relief pipe 210. This solution is based on the Pitot tube principle. The upstream duct 410 and the downstream duct 420 monitor the pressure difference in real time, and the data acquisition module calculates the precise gas velocity value. This velocity and / or flow rate monitoring component has a simple structure. Moreover, the upstream duct 410 and the downstream duct 420 can directly withstand the high-temperature flames, high-speed airflow impact, and potential particulate matter erosion generated during thermal runaway, without easily being damaged. Secondly, the Pitot tube anemometer calculates the flow velocity by measuring the difference between the static pressure and total pressure (i.e., dynamic pressure) of the fluid at the upstream duct 410 and the downstream duct 420 or the air outlet. The response speed is very fast, effectively capturing the most intense pressure / velocity peaks at the initial stage of the release, which is crucial for analyzing the pressure relief impact effect. Of course, this solution is not limited to this; in other embodiments, the pressure relief measurement component 400 can also be configured as other velocity measurement devices.

[0035] In this embodiment, the windward duct 410 includes a straight section and a curved section connected together. The straight section of the windward duct 410 extends towards the middle of the pressure relief duct 210, and the curved section extends towards the pressure relief valve assembly 220. The leeward duct 420 also includes a straight section and a curved section connected together. The straight section of the leeward duct 420 extends towards the middle of the pressure relief duct 210, and the curved section extends away from the pressure relief valve assembly 220. This allows data to be measured at the middle of the pressure relief duct 210, thereby improving data accuracy. However, this solution is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the windward duct 410 may only include a curved section extending towards the pressure relief valve assembly 220, and the leeward duct 420 may only include a curved section extending away from the pressure relief valve assembly 220.

[0036] To ensure the representativeness and accuracy of the measurement data, the measuring port positions of the windward pipe 410 and the leeward pipe 420 are located at the central axis position of the pressure relief pipe 210. That is, the sensor positions of the windward pipe 410 and the leeward pipe 420 are located at the central axis position of the pressure relief pipe 210.

[0037] Furthermore, in order to corroborate the data measured by the pressure relief measuring component 400 and improve the accuracy of the data, in this embodiment, the pressure relief measuring component 400 is provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of pressure relief measuring components 400 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the pressure relief pipe 210.

[0038] In this embodiment, two sets of pressure relief measurement components are provided and arranged at intervals along the length of the pressure relief pipe 210. This design allows the measurement data of the two sets of pressure relief measurement components 400 to be mutually verified, ensuring the reliability of the collected data and avoiding increased costs and system redundancy caused by setting too many pressure relief measurement components 400.

[0039] In order to monitor the temperature and / or pressure inside the pressure relief pipe 210 in real time and record the dynamic pressure and temperature inside the pressure relief pipe 210, the data acquisition module also includes a first temperature sensor and / or a first pressure sensor installed inside the pressure relief pipe 210.

[0040] Furthermore, the data acquisition module also includes a first air guide tube 430 disposed on the side wall of the pressure relief pipe 210 and extending towards the middle of the pressure relief pipe 210, with the probe of the first temperature sensor located at the free end of the first air guide tube 430; and / or the data acquisition module also includes a second air guide tube 440 disposed on the side wall of the pressure relief pipe 210 and extending towards the middle of the pressure relief pipe 210, with the probe of the first pressure sensor located at the free end of the second air guide tube 440. It can be understood that the first air guide tube 430 and / or the second air guide tube 440 extending towards the middle of the pressure relief pipe 210 helps to improve the representativeness and accuracy of the measurement data from the first temperature sensor and / or the first pressure sensor. Furthermore, the detection ports of the first air guide tube 430 and / or the second air guide tube 440 are located at the central axis of the pressure relief pipe 210, that is, the first temperature sensor and / or the first pressure sensor are located at the central axis of the pressure relief pipe 210, which further improves the representativeness and accuracy of the measurement data from the first temperature sensor and / or the first pressure sensor. Of course, this solution is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the first pressure sensor and / or the first temperature sensor can also be directly installed on the wall of the pressure relief pipe 210.

[0041] Furthermore, the data acquisition module includes a mounting base, on which the pressure relief measurement component 400, the first air guide tube 430, and the second air guide tube 440 are mounted. The pressure relief pipe 210 has a mounting part corresponding to the mounting base, and the mounting base and the mounting part are detachably connected. This facilitates the disassembly of the pressure relief measurement component 400, the first air guide tube 430, and the second air guide tube 440, thereby facilitating the maintenance and cleaning of the pressure relief measurement component 400, the first air guide tube 430, and the second air guide tube 440.

[0042] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the mounting base and the mounting part are threaded together, which makes the installation simple and stable. Of course, in other embodiments, the mounting base can also be snapped together with the mounting part.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 ,and Figures 4 to 8In one embodiment, the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 is provided with a pressure relief port 110. The pressure relief valve assembly 220 includes a mounting base 221 and a pressure relief valve 222. The pressure relief valve 222 is mounted on the pressure relief port 110 via the mounting base 221, and the pressure relief pipe 210 covers the pressure relief valve 222. It is understood that the specifications of the battery pack are not fixed. For example, in the design of thermal enclosure, the same model of battery pack may require different models of pressure relief valve assemblies to verify the pressure relief effect, and the specifications of the corresponding pressure relief valve 222 also need to be adjusted accordingly. Moreover, by adding the intermediate connection structure of the mounting base 221, when replacing the pressure relief valve 222 with different specifications, for example, when using the same high-temperature pressure vessel 100 to test different models of battery packs, or when verifying the thermal enclosure technology effect of the same model of battery pack matching different models of pressure relief valve assemblies 220 and requiring the replacement of different specifications of pressure relief valve 222, only the matching customized mounting base 221 needs to be replaced, without modifying the pressure relief port 110 of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100. This not only facilitates the quick replacement of the pressure relief valve 222 according to the battery pack specifications and enables modular disassembly and assembly of the pressure relief valve assembly 220, but also significantly reduces the adaptation costs caused by repeated interface processing, while ensuring a more accurate match between the pressure relief valve 222 and the test cell 80. Of course, this solution is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the pressure relief valve assembly 220 may also consist only of the pressure relief valve 222, which can be directly installed to the pressure relief port 110 of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the component in the pressure relief valve assembly that opens after the pressure in the reaction chamber reaches a preset threshold is a pressure relief valve. It can be understood that a pressure relief valve is a safety device whose core function is to automatically open when the pressure exceeds a predetermined limit, thereby reducing system pressure by releasing a medium (such as gas or liquid). Of course, the component in the pressure relief valve assembly that opens after the pressure in the reaction chamber reaches the preset threshold can also be other components capable of opening or bursting at a predetermined pressure.

[0045] In one embodiment, the pressure relief valve assembly 220 is provided in multiple sets, and the pressure relief valves 222 in any two sets of pressure relief valve assemblies 220 have different specifications. One set of pressure relief valve assemblies 220 is selected and installed with the pressure relief interface 110. The pressure relief interface 110 is provided with an installation structure, and each mounting base 221 is provided with a mating structure corresponding to the installation structure. The mounting base 221 is set on the pressure relief interface 110 through the installation structure and the mating structure. Specifically, each set of pressure relief valve assemblies 220 includes a pressure relief valve 222 and a customized mounting base 221 that matches the pressure relief valve 222. Since all mounting bases 221 are adapted to the same installation structure and have a mating structure, when the battery pack specifications change and the pressure relief valve 222 needs to be replaced, the corresponding pressure relief valve assembly 220 can be directly replaced without modifying the pressure relief interface 110 of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100. This modular design not only enables rapid replacement of the pressure relief valve 222, but also significantly reduces the adaptation costs caused by repeated processing of the pressure relief interface 110, while ensuring that the pressure relief valve 222 always precisely matches the specifications of the test cell 80. Of course, this solution is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the pressure relief valve assembly 220 may also include only the pressure relief valve 222. There may be multiple pressure relief valves 222, and any two pressure relief valves 222 may have different specifications. The high-temperature pressure vessel 100 includes a reaction shell and multiple shell covers that can be detachably closed to the opening of the reaction shell. The pressure relief interface 110 is located on the shell cover and corresponds to one pressure relief valve 222. That is, each shell cover has a pressure relief interface 110 corresponding to one pressure relief valve 222. The pressure relief valve 222 is installed on the shell cover through the pressure relief interface 110, so that when replacing the pressure relief valve 222, only the shell cover needs to be replaced.

[0046] Furthermore, a positioning structure 230 is provided between the pressure relief port 110 and the mounting base 221. It can be understood that the positioning structure 230 can ensure the relative position of the pressure relief port 110 of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and the mounting base 221, that is, ensure the coaxiality of the pressure relief port 110 of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and the air vent of the mounting base 221, thereby improving the smoothness of the pressure relief process.

[0047] The positioning structure 230 includes a positioning post 231 and a positioning groove 232. One of the positioning post 231 and the positioning groove 232 is located at the pressure relief port 110, and the other is located at the mounting base 221. This positioning structure 230 has a simple manufacturing process and can improve production efficiency. However, this solution is not limited to this. In the second embodiment, the positioning structure 230 may also include a positioning recess and a positioning boss, one of which is located at the pressure relief port 110, and the other at the mounting base 221. Furthermore, this solution is not limited to this. In the third embodiment, the positioning structure 230 includes a positioning bolt post and a positioning hole. The positioning bolt post is located at the pressure relief port 110, and the positioning hole is located at the mounting base 221. This allows for tightening with a nut when the positioning bolt post passes through the positioning hole, thus achieving both tightening and improved positioning and installation effectiveness of the mounting base 221.

[0048] Furthermore, before assembly, the positioning post 231 and the positioning groove 232 are pre-filled with high-temperature resistant sealant in the positioning groove 232, and then the positioning post 231 is precisely embedded in the positioning groove 232. Finally, by applying a uniform clamping force to the mounting base 221 and tightening the mounting base 221, a stable seal is formed at the joint surface of the two, thereby ensuring the airtightness requirements of the high-temperature pressure vessel under extreme working conditions.

[0049] Optionally, in one embodiment, a positioning structure 230 is also provided between the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221. It can be understood that the positioning structure 230 between the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221 can ensure the relative position between the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221, thereby ensuring the coaxiality of the air passage of the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221, thereby improving the smoothness of the pressure relief process.

[0050] It should be noted that in this solution, since a positioning structure 230 is provided between the pressure relief port 110 and the mounting base 221, and a positioning structure 230 is also provided between the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221, the coaxiality of the pressure relief port 110 of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and the vent of the mounting base 221 can be guaranteed. At the same time, the coaxiality of the pressure relief valve 222 and the vent of the mounting base 221 can be guaranteed. Similarly, the coaxiality of the pressure relief valve 222 and the pressure relief port 110 of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 can also be guaranteed. That is, the coaxiality of the pressure relief valve 222, the vent of the mounting base 221, and the pressure relief port 110 of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 can be guaranteed, thereby further improving the smoothness of the pressure relief process.

[0051] In one embodiment, the positioning structure 230 between the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221 is the same as the positioning structure 230 between the pressure relief port 110 and the mounting base 221. That is, the positioning structure 230 between the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221 also includes a positioning post 231 and a positioning groove 232, one of which is located on the pressure relief valve 222 and the other is located on the mounting base 221. Of course, in other embodiments, the positioning structure 230 between the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221 may be different from the positioning structure 230 between the pressure relief port 110 and the mounting base 221.

[0052] Optionally, in one embodiment, the pressure relief port 110 is provided with bolt posts, and the mounting base 221 and the pressure relief pipe 210 are respectively provided with fastening holes corresponding to the bolt posts. The bolt posts pass through the fastening holes of the mounting base 221 and the pressure relief pipe 210 in sequence, and are fastened with nuts. This achieves the effect of using a single bolt structure to fasten the pressure relief pipe 210 and the mounting base 221, saving on installation structure and improving installation efficiency. Of course, this solution is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the pressure relief port 110 may also be provided with bolt posts corresponding to the mounting base 221 and the pressure relief pipe 210.

[0053] Furthermore, sealant is filled between the pressure relief port 110 and the mounting base 221 and the pressure relief pipe 210 to ensure the sealing of the reaction chamber.

[0054] Reference Figure 2 In this embodiment, the gap between the reaction chamber wall and the battery cell 80 is filled with fire-resistant and high-temperature resistant material to form a simulation experimental chamber adapted to the battery cell 80 in the reaction chamber. It can be understood that the finished battery pack used on the aircraft includes a battery cell and a housing, with the battery cell set inside the housing. That is to say, the battery cell and housing of the finished battery pack are mutually compatible. During testing, after the battery cell 80 is installed in the reaction chamber, there is generally a large gap between the battery cell 80 and the chamber wall. This solution fills the gap between the battery cell 80 and the reaction chamber wall with a refractory and high-temperature resistant material. That is, the excess gap between the battery cell 80 and the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 is filled with a refractory and high-temperature resistant material to form a refractory and high-temperature resistant layer 120 between the battery cell 80 and the reaction chamber. This ensures that the space for installing the battery cell 80 (simulation test chamber) in the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 after being filled with refractory and high-temperature resistant material is equivalent to the space for installing the battery cell 80 in the casing of the finished battery pack. In other words, forming a simulation test chamber in the reaction chamber that is compatible with the battery cell 80 is equivalent to the space for installing the battery cell 80 in the casing of the finished battery pack. This better simulates the environment in which the battery cell 80 experiences thermal runaway during actual use, thus making the data obtained from the test more representative and accurate.

[0055] Secondly, by filling the gap between the reaction chamber wall and the battery cell 80 with refractory and high-temperature resistant materials, on the one hand, it can be customized according to the size and shape of different battery packs to precisely match the internal gaps, making the internal space equivalent to the remaining space after the actual finished battery pack is assembled. On the other hand, thermal runaway will generate extremely high temperatures instantaneously, and the refractory and high-temperature resistant layer 120 can act as a thermal barrier to improve the durability, reliability, and safety of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100.

[0056] Furthermore, in order to reduce the impact of the weight of the filler material on the test results, the refractory and high-temperature resistant material in this scheme is specifically a lightweight refractory and high-temperature resistant material.

[0057] The refractory and high-temperature resistant filler includes at least one of high-temperature ceramics and aerogel. This is because high-temperature ceramics have extremely high temperature resistance, structural stability, and thermal shock resistance, while aerogels have excellent thermal insulation properties. Including at least one of high-temperature ceramics and aerogel in the refractory and high-temperature resistant filler can provide excellent thermal insulation and protection effects.

[0058] In this embodiment, the refractory and high-temperature filler includes high-temperature ceramics and aerogel. Specifically, high-temperature ceramics fill large gaps, while aerogel fills small gaps. This is because high-temperature ceramics are resistant to high temperatures and are not easily deformed, and are lightweight, making them easy to install into the reaction chamber 110. Although aerogel is lightweight, it can fill gaps. Both can ensure electrical isolation between the battery cell 80 and the container wall, enhancing experimental safety.

[0059] Optionally, in this embodiment, the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 is provided with at least one mounting interface 130, and the battery pack thermal runaway test system also includes at least one mounting tube. The mounting tube is detachably and sealingly connected to the mounting interface 130 and protrudes outwards from the high-temperature pressure vessel 100. The mounting tube is used at least for the sealed installation of the data acquisition module's data acquisition unit. Specifically, after the data acquisition unit is installed into the mounting tube, it seals the tube. When the mounting tube is installed into the mounting interface 130, the data acquisition head of the data acquisition unit is used to monitor the data within the reaction chamber. It is understood that the sealing material inside the mounting tube is difficult to clean after the test. This solution provides at least one mounting interface 130 in the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and sets up a detachable and sealed connection between the mounting tube and the mounting interface 130. This allows for the resealing and installation of the data acquisition unit by replacing the mounting tube during the next test, thus greatly improving the efficiency of the test.

[0060] Furthermore, the data acquisition unit also includes a second pressure sensor, which is sealed at the end of the mounting tube away from the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 to detect the pressure inside the reaction chamber; and / or the data acquisition unit also includes a second temperature sensor, which is sealed inside the mounting tube to detect the temperature inside the reaction chamber; and / or the data acquisition unit also includes a voltage acquisition line, which runs through the mounting tube to detect the voltage inside the reaction chamber.

[0061] The data acquisition unit also includes a second pressure sensor, which is sealed at the end of the mounting tube furthest from the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 to detect the pressure inside the reaction chamber. It is understood that after thermal runaway of the battery cell 80, the temperature inside the reaction chamber is extremely high, easily burning out the second pressure sensor. This solution, by sealing the second pressure sensor at the end of the mounting tube furthest from the high-temperature pressure vessel 100, utilizes the length of the mounting tube to dissipate heat from the gas monitored by the second pressure sensor, thereby reducing the probability of the second pressure sensor burning out. The second pressure sensor can detect the pressure inside the reaction chamber to determine the maximum pressure value. This maximum pressure value is then used as a design parameter for the subsequent design of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100, thereby reducing the probability of damage to the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and ensuring the integrity and safety of the entire battery pack thermal runaway test process.

[0062] The data acquisition unit also includes a second temperature sensor, which is sealed and installed inside the mounting tube to detect the temperature inside the reaction chamber, thereby obtaining the maximum and minimum temperatures inside the reaction chamber, deriving the temperature field, and analyzing the reasons for temperature changes over different time periods.

[0063] The data acquisition unit also includes a voltage acquisition line, which is run through the mounting tube to detect the voltage in the reaction chamber, thereby determining the starting time of the voltage drop of cell 80. The starting time of the voltage drop of cell 80 is used as an early warning signal to determine that cell 80 has thermal runaway, and is used to evaluate the disturbance analysis of the battery pack thermal runaway to the aircraft.

[0064] Furthermore, the mounting tube is also used for sealing the wires of the thermal runaway trigger module. After the wires of the thermal runaway trigger module are sealed in the mounting tube, the mounting tube can be detachably installed onto the mounting interface.

[0065] Optionally, the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 includes a cavity and a cover. The cover can be detachably closed to close the opening of the cavity. It can be understood that when the previous test is completed, the test residue can be removed by removing the cover and then the cell 80 for the next test can be put in. In this way, the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 can be reused, thereby reducing the cost of repeated tests.

[0066] Optionally, in one embodiment, a high-temperature resistant sealing ring is provided between the cover and the cavity; this can improve the sealing performance of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and ensure the airtightness of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 after multiple thermal runaway tests. Secondly, the high-temperature resistant sealing ring can also provide heat insulation, preventing the cover temperature from becoming too high. Of course, this solution is not limited to this. In other embodiments, a high-temperature resistant sealant (i.e., a high-temperature resistant liquid sealant) can also be provided between the cover and the cavity.

[0067] Furthermore, the cover body has a detachable, bolt-sealed opening for accessing the sealing cavity. This allows the high-temperature sealing ring to be gradually compressed by the pre-tightening force of the bolts, thereby further increasing the sealing performance of the high-temperature pressure vessel 100 and ensuring reliable sealing under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Of course, this solution is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the cover body can also use a snap-fit ​​structure and a detachable, bolt-sealed opening for accessing the sealing cavity. The snap-fit ​​structure allows for the pre-tightening of the front and rear covers, facilitating bolt tightening operations by the operator. The bolts also increase the tightening force of the front and rear covers, thus improving assembly efficiency while ensuring the tightening force of the front and rear covers.

[0068] In this embodiment, the cavity is configured as a cylinder, which provides high pressure resistance and facilitates a large internal volume to accommodate various battery pack configurations. However, this solution is not limited to this; in other embodiments, the cavity can also be configured as a sphere.

[0069] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the cavity is cylindrical, with the inlet / outlet located at the end of the cavity, and the pressure relief port 110 located on the cover, in the middle of the cover. Since a positioning structure 230 is provided between the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221, and between the pressure relief port 110 and the mounting base 221, and the pressure relief pipe 210 and the mounting base 221 are fastened by the same bolt structure; it can be understood that the positioning structure 230 between the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221 ensures that the pressure relief valve 222 and the mounting base 221 are properly positioned. The relative positions between the mounting bases 221 are ensured to guarantee the coaxiality of the pressure relief valve 222 and the air passage of the mounting base 221. Similarly, the positioning structure 230 between the pressure relief port 110 and the mounting base 221 can also guarantee the coaxiality of the pressure relief port 110 and the air passage of the mounting base 221. Since the cavity is cylindrical and the pressure relief port 110 is located in the middle of the front cover, this solution can guarantee the coaxiality of the pressure relief pipe 210, the pressure relief valve 222, the air passage of the mounting base 221, the cavity, and the pressure relief port, thereby further improving the smoothness of the pressure relief process.

[0070] In this embodiment, the cavity has a first access port and a second access port. The cover includes a first cover and a second cover that respectively cover the first access port and the second access port. At least one of the first cover and the second cover is detachably and sealingly connected to the cavity. A pressure relief port 110 is provided on the first cover or the second cover. It can be understood that providing two access ports facilitates the installation of the battery cell 80 and the data acquisition module 70 in the reaction cavity, and also facilitates the cleaning of residues after the experiment, thereby improving the efficiency of the experiment. Of course, this solution is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the cavity may also have only one access port, and the cover may be detachably and sealingly covered by the access port.

[0071] In this embodiment, the first cover and the second cover are detachably sealed to the first and second access ports of the cavity, respectively. This facilitates the removal of test residues from both ends of the cavity and the installation of the battery cell 80 and the data acquisition module 70, thereby improving the efficiency of the test preparation process. However, this solution is not limited to this. In other embodiments, only one of the first cover and the second cover may be detachably and sealed to the cavity, while the other may be fixedly and sealed to the cavity.

[0072] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack thermal runaway testing system, characterized in that, include: A high-temperature pressure vessel, wherein the high-temperature pressure vessel is provided with a reaction chamber for power core installation; A pressure relief structure, comprising a pressure relief valve assembly and a pressure relief pipe, wherein the pressure relief pipe is disposed on the high-temperature pressure vessel and is connected to the reaction chamber through the pressure relief valve assembly; as well as The data acquisition module includes at least a pressure relief measurement component disposed on the pressure relief pipe, and the pressure measurement component is used to monitor at least one of the gas flow rate and flow rate in the pressure relief pipe in real time.

2. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure relief measurement component includes an air-facing pipe and a back-facing pipe disposed on the side wall of the pressure relief pipe and extending toward the middle of the pressure relief pipe. The detection port of the air-facing pipe faces the pressure relief valve assembly, and the detection port of the back-facing pipe faces away from the pressure relief valve assembly, so as to monitor the gas pressure difference in the pressure relief pipe in real time and measure the gas velocity and / or flow rate based on the gas pressure difference.

3. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure relief measurement component is provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of pressure relief measurement components are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the pressure relief pipe.

4. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module also includes a first temperature sensor and / or a first pressure sensor disposed inside the pressure relief pipe.

5. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The data acquisition module further includes a first air guide tube disposed on the side wall of the pressure relief pipe and extending toward the middle of the pressure relief pipe, wherein the probe of the first temperature sensor is located at the free end of the first air guide tube; and / or The data acquisition module also includes a second air guide tube disposed on the side wall of the pressure relief pipe and extending toward the middle of the pressure relief pipe, and the probe of the first pressure sensor is located at the free end of the second air guide tube.

6. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature pressure vessel is provided with a pressure relief port. The pressure relief valve assembly includes a mounting base and a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve is located on the pressure relief port via the mounting base, and the pressure relief pipe covers the pressure relief valve.

7. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure relief valve assembly is provided in multiple sets, and the pressure relief valves in any two sets of the pressure relief valve assembly are of different specifications. One set of pressure relief valve assembly is selected and installed with the pressure relief interface. The pressure relief interface is provided with a mounting structure, and each mounting base is provided with a mating structure corresponding to the mounting structure. The mounting base is set on the pressure relief interface through the mounting structure and the mating structure; and / or A positioning structure is provided between the pressure relief port and the mounting base. The positioning structure includes a positioning post and a positioning groove. One of the positioning post and the positioning groove is located at the pressure relief port, and the other is located at the mounting base.

8. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gap between the reaction chamber wall and the battery cell is filled with a fire-resistant and high-temperature resistant material to form a simulation experimental chamber adapted to the battery cell within the reaction chamber.

9. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The high-temperature pressure vessel is provided with at least one installation interface, and the battery pack thermal runaway test system further includes at least one installation tube. One of the installation tubes is detachably and sealedly connected to one of the installation interfaces and protrudes outward toward the high-temperature pressure vessel. The installation tube is at least used for the sealed installation of the data acquisition unit of the data acquisition module.

10. The battery pack thermal runaway testing system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The data acquisition unit further includes a second pressure sensor, which is sealed at the end of the mounting tube away from the high-temperature pressure vessel to detect the pressure within the reaction chamber; and / or The data acquisition unit further includes a second temperature sensor, which is sealed and installed inside the mounting tube to detect the temperature inside the reaction chamber; and / or The data acquisition device also includes a voltage acquisition line, which is threaded through the mounting tube to detect the voltage inside the reaction chamber.

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