Battery pack thermal runaway early warning method, device and equipment and readable storage medium

Abstract

According to the battery pack thermal runaway early warning method, device and equipment and the readable storage medium, in the thermal runaway evolution process, a battery cell can release characteristic gas corresponding to the thermal runaway stage, the types of the characteristic gas released by the battery cell in different thermal runaway stages have specificity, and the characteristic gas released by the battery cell in the different thermal runaway stages is divided based on a preset thermal runaway stage division standard; the thermal runaway characteristic gas components near the battery cell are synchronously collected, the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell can be judged according to the corresponding relation between the characteristic gas types and the thermal runaway stages, and then response actions matched with the stages are executed. The problem that early warning is difficult due to small change of parameters in the initial stage of thermal runaway is solved, and accurate recognition and adaptability response in the thermal runaway stage are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy vehicles, specifically to a method, device, equipment, and readable storage medium for early warning of thermal runaway in a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] The new energy vehicle industry is currently experiencing rapid development. As a core power component, the safety performance of the power battery pack directly determines the driving safety of the vehicle and the life protection of the occupants. The risk of fire and explosion caused by thermal runaway of the battery pack has become a key pain point restricting the development of the industry. The market's demand for accurate early warning, rapid handling and efficient fire extinguishing of battery pack thermal runaway is becoming increasingly urgent.

[0003] In related technologies, battery pack thermal runaway early warning technology mostly uses the battery management system to detect abnormal current and voltage parameters of the cells. However, these parameters change little in the early stages of thermal runaway, making it difficult to achieve early warning. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, apparatus, device, and readable storage medium for early warning of thermal runaway in a battery pack. It can solve the technical problem in related technologies where battery management systems detect abnormal current and voltage parameters of the battery cells, but these parameters change little in the early stages of thermal runaway, making it difficult to achieve early warning.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for early warning of thermal runaway in a battery pack, the method comprising: Based on the preset thermal runaway stage classification criteria, the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell in the battery pack is collected simultaneously to determine the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell, and corresponding response actions are executed according to the determination results.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell within the battery pack is simultaneously collected based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard to determine the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell, and corresponding response actions are executed based on the determination result, including: If carbon dioxide and methane, two characteristic gases in the early stage of thermal runaway, are detected near a single battery cell, the single battery cell is determined to be in the early stage of thermal runaway, and a thermal runaway early warning response is executed.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell within the battery pack is simultaneously collected based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard to determine the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell, and corresponding response actions are executed based on the determination result, including: If carbon monoxide and hydrogen, two characteristic gases in the middle stage of thermal runaway, are detected near a single battery cell, the single battery cell is determined to be in the middle stage of thermal runaway, and a response action for the middle stage of thermal runaway warning is executed.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell within the battery pack is simultaneously collected based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard to determine the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell, and corresponding response actions are executed based on the determination result, including: If hydrogen fluoride, methane, and propylene—three characteristic gases of a severe fault stage—are detected near a single battery cell, the single battery cell is determined to be in a severe fault stage, and a severe fault stage response action is executed.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the response actions for performing the severe fault phase include activating the cell electromagnetic ejection mechanism, cutting off the battery pack power output circuit, and triggering the pre-start of the vehicle-mounted fire suppression system.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the following steps are also included: Based on the preset thermal runaway stage classification criteria, the temperature and voltage abnormality characteristic parameters of the cells in the battery pack are collected simultaneously to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell and execute the corresponding response action according to the determination result.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the step of simultaneously collecting abnormal temperature and voltage characteristic parameters of the cells within the battery pack based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell, and executing corresponding response actions according to the determination result, includes: If the collected voltage data of a single cell is less than or equal to the preset lower limit deviation threshold, then the single cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the step of simultaneously collecting abnormal temperature and voltage characteristic parameters of the cells within the battery pack based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell, and executing corresponding response actions according to the determination result, includes: If the collected voltage data of a single cell is greater than or equal to the preset upper limit deviation threshold, then the single cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the step of simultaneously collecting abnormal temperature and voltage characteristic parameters of the cells within the battery pack based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell, and executing corresponding response actions according to the determination result, includes: If the temperature threshold of a single battery cell is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, then the single battery cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, the step of simultaneously collecting abnormal temperature and voltage characteristic parameters of the cells within the battery pack based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell, and executing corresponding response actions according to the determination result, includes: If the temperature rise rate of a single battery cell is greater than or equal to the preset temperature rise rate threshold, then the single battery cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

[0015] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack thermal runaway early warning device, the battery pack thermal runaway early warning device comprising: The thermal runaway stage identification and response module is used to simultaneously collect the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell in the battery pack based on the preset thermal runaway stage division criteria, thereby determining the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell, and executing the corresponding response action according to the determination result.

[0016] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the thermal runaway phase identification and response module includes: The gas acquisition module is used to collect the thermal runaway characteristic gas components near individual cells in the battery pack, and is configured to correspond one-to-one with each individual cell. The stage determination module is electrically connected to the gas acquisition module, pre-stores thermal runaway stage division criteria, and is used to receive gas data transmitted by the gas acquisition module, analyze it and determine the thermal runaway stage of a single cell. The response execution module is electrically connected to the stage determination module and is used to execute a corresponding response action when the stage determination module determines that the cell is in the thermal runaway stage.

[0017] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation, the response execution module includes: The ejection drive module is electrically connected to the stage determination module and is used to drive the abnormal battery cell to eject along a preset path when the stage determination module determines that the stage is a serious fault stage.

[0018] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the ejection drive module includes: Multiple ejection units, each ejection unit including two energized rails, with an electric drive slidably mounted between the two energized rails, the electric drive being used to connect to a corresponding battery cell.

[0019] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the electric drive has a through hole along the height direction of the vehicle body, and the two opposite inner sidewalls of the through hole are provided with elastic fasteners, which are used to engage with the slots on the opposite outer sidewalls of the battery cell housing.

[0020] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation, the response execution module further includes: A fireproof isolation module is located below the ejection drive module and is used to receive and isolate abnormal battery cells ejected along a preset path.

[0021] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the fireproof isolation module includes: A fireproof isolation chamber is installed at the bottom of the ejection drive module; A roller shutter mechanism is installed at the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber; A fireproof isolation control unit, which is connected to the roller shutter mechanism, is used to control the roller shutter mechanism to open and close the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber when it receives a signal that an abnormal battery cell has been ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber.

[0022] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the fireproof isolation module further includes: The pressure sensing unit is installed at the end of the ejection path of the ejection drive module and connected to the fireproof isolation control unit. It is used to monitor the pressure signal of abnormal cells ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber.

[0023] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack thermal runaway early warning device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a battery pack thermal runaway early warning program stored in the memory and executable by the processor. When the battery pack thermal runaway early warning program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in some of the above embodiments.

[0024] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a battery pack thermal runaway early warning program, wherein when the battery pack thermal runaway early warning program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in some of the above embodiments.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include: During the thermal runaway process, the battery cell releases characteristic gases corresponding to its thermal runaway stage. The types of characteristic gases released by the battery cell are specific to different thermal runaway stages. Based on the preset thermal runaway stage division criteria, the components of thermal runaway characteristic gases near the battery cell are collected simultaneously. The thermal runaway stage of the battery cell can be determined according to the correspondence between the types of characteristic gases and the thermal runaway stage, and then a response action matching the stage can be executed. This solves the problem that when the battery management system detects abnormal parameters of the battery cell, it is difficult to provide early warning because the parameters change little in the early stage of thermal runaway. This achieves accurate identification and adaptive response of thermal runaway stages. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the battery pack thermal runaway early warning method in this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack thermal runaway early warning device in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the energized guide rail, the electric drive, and the battery cell in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the roller shutter mechanism in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the battery pack thermal runaway early warning device involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Battery cell; 3. Power-conducting guide rail; 4. Fireproof isolation compartment; 5. Roller shutter mechanism; 6. Electric drive; 7. Roller; 8. Fire blanket; 9. Wiring harness; 10. Turntable; 11. Drive motor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] The new energy vehicle industry is currently experiencing rapid development. As a core power component, the safety performance of the power battery pack directly determines the driving safety of the vehicle and the life protection of the occupants. The risk of fire and explosion caused by thermal runaway of the battery pack has become a key pain point restricting the development of the industry. The market's demand for accurate early warning, rapid handling and efficient fire extinguishing of battery pack thermal runaway is becoming increasingly urgent.

[0030] Among them, battery pack thermal runaway early warning technology mostly uses the battery management system to detect abnormal parameters of the cells. However, these parameters change little in the early stage of thermal runaway, making it difficult to achieve early warning.

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for early warning of thermal runaway in a battery pack, the method comprising: S100: Based on the preset thermal runaway stage classification criteria, the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell in the battery pack is collected simultaneously to determine the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell, and the corresponding response action is executed according to the determination result.

[0033] In this embodiment, during the thermal runaway evolution process, the battery cell releases characteristic gases corresponding to its thermal runaway stage. The types of characteristic gases released by the battery cell are specific to different thermal runaway stages. Based on the preset thermal runaway stage division criteria, the components of thermal runaway characteristic gases near the battery cell are collected simultaneously. The thermal runaway stage of the battery cell can be determined according to the correspondence between the type of characteristic gas and the thermal runaway stage, and then a response action matching the stage can be executed. This solves the problem that when the battery management system detects abnormal parameters of the battery cell, it is difficult to provide early warning because the parameters change little in the early stage of thermal runaway. This achieves accurate identification and adaptive response of the thermal runaway stage.

[0034] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, S100 includes the following steps: S101: If carbon dioxide and methane, two characteristic gases in the early stage of thermal runaway, are detected near a single cell, the single cell is determined to be in the early stage of thermal runaway, and the response action of early warning of thermal runaway is executed.

[0035] In this embodiment, carbon dioxide and methane are characteristic gases released when the battery cell is in the early stage of thermal runaway. The simultaneous appearance of the two gases can indicate that the battery cell has entered the early stage of thermal runaway. By monitoring the simultaneous appearance of the two gases, it can be determined that the battery cell is in the early stage of thermal runaway and execute the early warning response action, so as to achieve accurate identification and early warning of the early stage of thermal runaway.

[0036] Furthermore, the response actions for early warning of thermal runaway include: S101-1: Controls the vehicle instrument panel to trigger an audible and visual alarm, causing the built-in buzzer in the vehicle instrument panel to sound intermittently, and simultaneously controls the red warning light on the vehicle instrument panel to flash. S101-2: Controls the storage unit of the battery management system to perform data recording operations, storing the real-time thermal runaway characteristic gas composition, early warning trigger time, and abnormal cell location information near the individual cell into the storage unit of the battery management system.

[0037] In this embodiment, by controlling the vehicle's instrument panel to perform an audible and visual alarm, the built-in buzzer of the instrument panel is driven to sound intermittently, and the red warning light on the instrument panel is controlled to flash, so as to intuitively convey the early warning information of thermal runaway to the vehicle occupants. At the same time, the storage unit of the battery management system is controlled to start the data recording process, and the real-time thermal runaway characteristic gas composition collected near the individual cell, the trigger time information of this warning, and the location information of the abnormal cell in the battery pack are uniformly stored in the storage unit of the battery management system, so as to provide data support for subsequent thermal runaway warning process tracing, abnormal cause analysis and system optimization.

[0038] Furthermore, the response actions for early warning of thermal runaway also include the following steps: S101-3: Control the central control screen to perform pop-up display operation, pop up a pop-up window on the central control screen interface including text content of early warning of thermal runaway of battery cell, and simultaneously display the location mark of abnormal battery cell in the pop-up window; S101-4: Control the vehicle voice system to perform broadcast operations, so that the vehicle voice system broadcasts early warning information of thermal runaway with preset voice content.

[0039] In this embodiment, by controlling the central control screen to perform a pop-up display operation, a pop-up window containing the text "Early Warning of Thermal Runaway of Battery Cell" appears on the central control screen interface. Simultaneously, the location marker of the abnormal battery cell within the battery pack is displayed in the pop-up window, clearly conveying the warning type and location of the abnormal battery cell to vehicle occupants in a visual manner. At the same time, the vehicle's voice system is controlled to perform a broadcast operation, driving the system to broadcast the early warning information of thermal runaway using pre-set voice content (such as "Please note that a battery cell in the battery pack has entered the early stage of thermal runaway. Please pay attention to safety"). This auditory transmission enhances the warning reminder effect, enriching the transmission dimensions of early thermal runaway warning information and avoiding the problems of incomplete or ignored information transmission that may occur with single sound and light alarms. This ensures that occupants can quickly and accurately obtain the warning content and the location of the abnormal battery cell, providing more comprehensive information support for timely attention and potential intervention in the early stage of thermal runaway, further ensuring the operational safety of the power battery pack and the safety of the occupants.

[0040] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, S100 includes the following steps: S102: If carbon monoxide and hydrogen, two characteristic gases in the middle stage of thermal runaway, are detected near a single cell, the single cell is determined to be in the middle stage of thermal runaway, and the response action of the middle stage of thermal runaway warning is executed.

[0041] In this embodiment, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are characteristic gases released when the battery cell is in the middle stage of thermal runaway. Their simultaneous presence can accurately indicate that the thermal runaway process of the battery cell has developed to the middle stage. Based on the synchronous monitoring results of these two gases, it is determined that the battery cell is in the middle stage of thermal runaway and a middle stage early warning response action is executed. This can form an accurate identification and adaptive early warning for the middle stage of thermal runaway.

[0042] Furthermore, the response actions for implementing mid-term early warning of thermal runaway include the following steps: S102-1: Control the vehicle instrument panel to trigger the audible and visual alarm, causing the built-in buzzer of the vehicle instrument panel to sound continuously, and at the same time control the red warning light on the vehicle instrument panel to flash at a high frequency. S102-2: Control the vehicle voice system to perform high-frequency broadcasting operations, so that the vehicle voice system broadcasts mid-term thermal runaway warning information at a higher frequency than the early warning of thermal runaway.

[0043] In this embodiment, by controlling the vehicle's instrument panel to trigger an audible and visual alarm, the built-in buzzer of the instrument panel is driven to sound continuously. At the same time, the red warning light on the instrument panel is controlled to flash at a high frequency, providing a stronger visual and auditory signal intensity than the early stage of thermal runaway warning to convey the risk warning of the middle stage of thermal runaway to the vehicle occupants. Simultaneously, the vehicle's voice system is controlled to perform a high-frequency broadcast operation, broadcasting warning prompts containing risk information of the middle stage of thermal runaway at a higher frequency than the early stage of thermal runaway warning. By increasing the frequency of voice broadcasts, the auditory transmission effect of the warning information is enhanced, ensuring that occupants can quickly identify the higher risk level of the middle stage of thermal runaway, providing clear guidance for timely risk response measures, and further enhancing the safety protection performance of the power battery pack.

[0044] Furthermore, the response actions for implementing mid-term early warning of thermal runaway also include the following steps: S102-3: Control the central control screen to perform a high-brightness pop-up display operation. The pop-up window with the text "Interim warning of thermal runaway of battery cell" will pop up in orange highlight style on the central control screen interface, and the location of the abnormal battery cell will be displayed in the pop-up window at the same time. S102-4: Control the vehicle terminal to establish data communication with the user's mobile terminal and push the mid-term early warning information of thermal runaway to the user's mobile terminal associated with the vehicle; S102-5: Controls the battery management system to adjust the data acquisition frequency and increase the acquisition frequency of gas components characteristic of thermal runaway in abnormal cells.

[0045] In this embodiment, a pop-up window display with the text "Mid-term warning of thermal runaway" is displayed on the central control screen in orange. This visually distinctive orange highlight enhances the identification of mid-term thermal runaway risks. The pop-up window also simultaneously displays the location of the abnormal battery cell, ensuring occupants can clearly pinpoint the source of the risk. Simultaneously, the vehicle terminal establishes a data communication connection with the user's mobile device associated with the vehicle, pushing the mid-term thermal runaway warning information to the user's mobile device. This breaks through the limited warning range within the vehicle cabin, allowing users not in the vehicle to be aware of the risk promptly. Furthermore, the battery management system adjusts data acquisition parameters, increasing the frequency of collecting characteristic gas components of the abnormal battery cell's thermal runaway. This more intensive data sampling captures the changing trends of mid-term thermal runaway risks in real time, providing more accurate dynamic data support for subsequent risk assessment and response decisions. Overall, through these multi-dimensional response actions, the information reach and risk monitoring accuracy of the mid-term thermal runaway warning are further improved, strengthening the safety protection capabilities of the power battery pack.

[0046] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, S100 includes the following steps: S103: If hydrogen fluoride, methane and propylene, three characteristic gases of a severe fault stage, are detected near a single cell, the single cell is determined to be in a severe fault stage, and the response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

[0047] In this embodiment, hydrogen fluoride, methane, and propylene together constitute the characteristic gas combination when the battery cell is in a severe fault stage. The simultaneous appearance of these three gases means that the thermal runaway process of the battery cell has entered a severe fault state. Based on the synchronous monitoring results of these three gases, the battery cell is determined to be in a severe fault stage and corresponding response actions are executed. The severe fault state can be accurately captured to ensure the timeliness of subsequent handling.

[0048] Furthermore, the response actions for the critical failure phase include the following steps: S103-1: Controls the vehicle instrument panel to trigger a high-level audible and visual alarm, causing the buzzer built into the vehicle instrument panel to sound continuously at a high frequency, and simultaneously controls the red warning light on the vehicle instrument panel to flash rapidly. S103-4: Send an electromagnetic ejection start command to the battery management system. The battery management system sends a power-on signal to the ejection unit corresponding to the abnormal cell, controlling the ejection unit to be instantly powered on to generate a strong magnetic field, which pushes the abnormal cell to be ejected along the preset ejection track to the bottom or side of the battery pack. S103-6: Control the storage unit of the battery management system to perform a complete data recording operation, store the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition of the abnormal cell, the electromagnetic ejection trigger time and the fault handling process data to the storage unit of the battery management system, and simultaneously upload it to the cloud management platform.

[0049] In this embodiment, by controlling the vehicle's instrument panel to trigger a high-level audible and visual alarm, the built-in buzzer of the instrument panel is driven to sound continuously at a high frequency. At the same time, the red warning light on the instrument panel is controlled to flash rapidly, with a significantly higher warning signal intensity than in the early and middle stages of thermal runaway, conveying an emergency risk warning of a serious malfunction to the vehicle occupants. Simultaneously, an electromagnetic ejection start command is sent to the battery management system, which sends a power signal to the ejection unit corresponding to the abnormal cell, controlling the ejection unit to instantly generate a strong magnetic field. The magnetic field force propels the abnormal cell along a preset ejection track to the bottom or side of the battery pack, achieving rapid separation of the abnormal cell from the battery pack body. In addition, the storage unit of the battery management system is controlled to perform a complete data recording operation, storing the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition of the abnormal cell, the specific time information of the electromagnetic ejection trigger, and key data in the entire fault handling process in the storage unit of the battery management system. At the same time, it is simultaneously uploaded to the cloud management platform, providing data support for local fault review and retaining a basis for remote monitoring and system optimization. This approach enhances risk perception through high-level early warning, proactively eliminates core risks through ejection, and supports traceability through full data recording, forming a closed-loop handling system for severe fault stages and further improving the safety protection capabilities of power battery packs in extreme risk scenarios.

[0050] Furthermore, prior to S103-4, the following steps are also included: S103-2: Control the central control screen to perform a red highlighted pop-up display operation. On the central control screen interface, a pop-up window with a full-screen semi-transparent red background will pop up with text including a warning of serious battery cell failure. The location of the abnormal battery cell will be enlarged in the pop-up window, and the warning information will be pushed to the user's mobile terminal and cloud management platform associated with the vehicle at the same time. S103-3: Control the vehicle voice system to perform emergency broadcast operations, so that the vehicle voice system broadcasts a prompt message at the maximum volume and shortest interval that the battery cell has entered a serious fault stage and that safety handling will be initiated soon.

[0051] In this embodiment, by controlling the central control screen to perform a red-highlighted pop-up display operation, a pop-up window containing the text content of "Severe Cell Fault Warning" is popped up on the central control screen interface with a full-screen semi-transparent red background. The strong visual impact of the full-screen semi-transparent red background is used to strengthen the emergency risk reminder, and the position identifier of the abnormal cell is enlarged and displayed in the pop-up window to ensure that the occupant can quickly locate the core risk source. At the same time, the severe fault warning information is pushed to the user mobile terminal and the cloud management platform associated with the vehicle to achieve multi-terminal information synchronization among the in-vehicle, external, and remote monitoring terminals. Meanwhile, control the in-vehicle voice system to perform an emergency broadcast operation, so that the in-vehicle voice system broadcasts the prompt information of "The cell has entered the severe fault stage and the safety disposal will be started soon" in a high-frequency mode with the maximum volume and the shortest interval, and strengthen the occupant's perception of the emergency situation through extreme reminder at the auditory level. This can reserve the perception and preparation time for the occupant and remote users before starting the electromagnetic ejection disposal, ensure the comprehensiveness and urgency of the transmission of the emergency warning information, provide a precondition guarantee for the safe implementation of the subsequent abnormal cell ejection disposal, and further improve the emergency response process in the severe fault stage.

[0052] Further, after S103-4, the following steps are further included: S103-5: When the pressure sensing unit detects the downward pressure generated by the ejection of the abnormal cell, control the fire isolation cabin to perform sealing and fire extinguishing operations, so that the aerogel or perfluoroketone fire extinguishing agent in the fire isolation cabin is released, and at the same time drive the fire blanket of the fire isolation cabin to unfold to seal the bottom of the battery pack.

[0053] In this embodiment, the pressure sensing unit configured at the bottom end of the battery pack continuously monitors the pressure signal. When the device detects the downward pressure generated during the ejection of the abnormal cell, it automatically triggers the fire isolation cabin to start working, and controls the fire isolation cabin to perform coordinated sealing and fire extinguishing operations: on the one hand, release the aerogel or perfluoroketone fire extinguishing agent preset in the cabin, and suppress the possible remaining combustion risk after the ejection of the abnormal cell by means of the flame retardant or fire extinguishing characteristics of the fire extinguishing agent; on the other hand, drive the fire blanket supporting the fire isolation cabin to quickly unfold and seal and cover the opening area formed at the bottom of the battery pack due to the ejection of the cell. This accurately triggers the disposal action through the pressure signal, forming a coherent disposal process of "abnormal cell ejection separation - fire isolation sealing - fire extinguishing agent release and fire extinguishing", effectively avoiding the problems of external open fire backflow or the spread of residual risks inside the battery pack after the ejection of the abnormal cell, further improving the safety protection closed-loop in the severe fault stage, and enhancing the risk control ability of the power battery pack in extreme scenarios.

[0054] Combined with the first aspect, in one implementation manner, the following steps are further included: S200: Based on the preset thermal runaway stage classification standard, it synchronously collects the temperature and voltage abnormal characteristic parameters of the cells in the battery pack to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell and executes the corresponding response action according to the determination result.

[0055] In this embodiment, temperature and voltage are key characterization parameters in the thermal runaway process of the battery cell. When the battery cell is in different thermal runaway stages, its temperature and voltage parameters will show corresponding abnormal change patterns. Based on the preset thermal runaway stage division criteria, the abnormal temperature and voltage characteristic parameters of the battery cell are collected simultaneously. The abnormal change characteristics of these parameters can be combined to determine the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell and execute corresponding response actions. This complements the characteristic gas collection to improve the accuracy of thermal runaway stage determination.

[0056] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, S200 includes the following steps: S201: If the collected voltage data of a single cell is less than or equal to the preset lower limit deviation threshold, then the single cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

[0057] In this embodiment, the preset lower limit deviation threshold is a critical value outside the normal operating voltage range of the battery cell. When the battery cell voltage data is ≤ the lower limit deviation threshold, the battery cell has experienced a serious electrical abnormality. This abnormal state can easily lead to thermal runaway. After identifying the voltage abnormality, the response action of the serious fault stage is executed, which can deal with the electrical abnormality in a timely manner to prevent the risk of thermal runaway.

[0058] For example, for battery cells of various material systems, the normal operating voltage range is ab, and the preset lower limit deviation threshold is (a-0.2)V. This lower limit deviation threshold is the critical value outside the normal operating voltage range of the battery cell. When the battery cell voltage data is ≤ (a-0.2)V, the battery cell has experienced a serious electrical abnormality. This abnormal state can easily lead to thermal runaway. After identifying the voltage abnormality, the response action of the serious fault stage is executed, and the electrical abnormality can be dealt with in a timely manner to prevent the risk of thermal runaway.

[0059] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, S200 includes the following steps: S202: If the collected voltage data of a single cell is greater than or equal to the preset upper limit deviation threshold, then the single cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a serious fault stage is executed.

[0060] In this embodiment, the preset upper limit deviation threshold is a critical value outside the normal operating voltage range of the battery cell. When the battery cell voltage data is ≥ the upper limit deviation threshold, the battery cell has serious overcharging and other electrical abnormalities. This abnormality will quickly induce thermal runaway of the battery cell. After identifying the voltage abnormality, the response action of the serious fault stage is executed, which can quickly intervene in the electrical abnormality to prevent thermal runaway from occurring.

[0061] For example, for battery cells of various material systems, the normal operating voltage range is ab, and the preset upper limit deviation threshold is (b+0.2)V. This upper limit deviation threshold is the critical value outside the normal operating voltage range of the battery cell. When the battery cell voltage data is ≥ (b+0.2)V, the battery cell has serious overcharging and other electrical abnormalities. This abnormality will quickly induce thermal runaway of the battery cell. After identifying the voltage abnormality, the response action of the serious fault stage is executed, which can quickly intervene in the electrical abnormality to prevent thermal runaway from occurring.

[0062] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, S200 includes the following steps: S203: If the temperature threshold of a single battery cell is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, then the abnormal parameters of the single battery cell are identified, and the response action of the serious fault stage is executed.

[0063] In this embodiment, the preset temperature threshold is a critical value outside the normal operating temperature range of the battery cell. When the battery cell temperature is ≥ the temperature threshold, the thermal state of the battery cell has become seriously abnormal, and the risk of thermal runaway increases sharply. After identifying the temperature abnormality, the response action of the serious fault stage is executed, which can deal with the thermal abnormality in a timely manner to reduce the probability of thermal runaway.

[0064] For example, the preset temperature threshold is 60°C. This temperature threshold is a critical value outside the normal operating temperature range of the battery cell. When the battery cell temperature is ≥60°C, the thermal state of the battery cell has become seriously abnormal, and the risk of thermal runaway increases sharply. After identifying the temperature abnormality, the response action of the serious fault stage is executed, which can deal with the thermal abnormality in a timely manner to reduce the probability of thermal runaway.

[0065] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation, S200 includes the following steps: S204: If the temperature rise rate of a single cell is ≥ the preset temperature rise rate threshold, then the single cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

[0066] In this embodiment, the preset temperature rise rate threshold is a critical value that reflects the rate of temperature rise of the battery cell. When the temperature rise rate of the battery cell is ≥ this threshold, it indicates that the battery cell is rapidly heating up in a short period of time and the thermal runaway process is progressing rapidly. After identifying the abnormal temperature rise rate, the response action of the severe fault stage is executed, which can quickly intervene to curb the spread of thermal runaway.

[0067] For example, the preset temperature rise rate threshold is 1℃ / s. This temperature rise rate threshold is a critical value that reflects the rate of temperature rise of the battery cell. When the temperature rise rate of the battery cell is >1℃ / s, it indicates that the battery cell is rapidly heating up in a short period of time and the thermal runaway process is progressing rapidly. After identifying the abnormal temperature rise rate, the response action of the severe fault stage is executed, which can quickly intervene to curb the spread of thermal runaway.

[0068] In summary, the battery pack thermal runaway early warning method provided in this application constructs a complete technical system of "multi-dimensional anomaly perception - staged precise judgment - graded response and handling - full-process closed-loop management". Its core logic, technical details and implementation process are as follows, with no technical information omitted: I. Core Technology Architecture and Perception Dimension (I) Overall Architecture With the "evolution law of thermal runaway stages" as the core, the system achieves full-cycle and all-round control over battery pack thermal runaway through the process of "synchronous acquisition of multi-dimensional parameters → staged feature matching and judgment → execution of differentiated response actions → closed-loop retention of full data", covering all aspects of early warning, monitoring, disposal and traceability.

[0069] (II) Multidimensional anomaly detection parameters Thermal runaway characteristic gas composition: As a core sensing dimension, specific gases near individual cells within the battery pack are collected simultaneously, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and propylene (C3H6). The gas collection is configured one-to-one with individual cells to ensure targeted monitoring.

[0070] Key electrical / thermal parameters of the battery cell: As a supplementary sensing dimension, voltage data, temperature data and temperature rise rate of a single battery cell are collected simultaneously to form a complementary sensing network with the characteristic gas collection.

[0071] II. Criteria and Judgment Conditions for Defining Stages of Thermal Runaway (a) Basis for stage division Based on the specific characteristics of the gas released by the battery cell during the thermal runaway process and the abnormal patterns of electrical / thermal parameters, the thermal runaway process is divided into three levels: the early stage of thermal runaway, the middle stage of thermal runaway, and the severe fault stage. Each stage has clear triggering conditions. Early stage of thermal runaway: The criteria for determination is "the simultaneous detection of two characteristic gases in the early stage of thermal runaway, namely carbon dioxide and methane, near a single battery cell".

[0072] Mid-stage thermal runaway: The criteria for determination is "the simultaneous detection of two characteristic gases in the mid-stage of thermal runaway, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, near a single battery cell".

[0073] Critical Fault Stage: The criteria for determination include two categories: Gas identification: Simultaneous monitoring detected three characteristic gases of severe fault stage: hydrogen fluoride, methane, and propylene near a single battery cell; Electrical / thermal parameter determination: ① Cell voltage ≤ (a-0.2)V (a is the lower limit of the normal operating voltage of the cell for the corresponding material system); ② Cell voltage ≥ (b+0.2)V (b is the upper limit of the normal operating voltage of the cell for the corresponding material system); ③ Cell temperature ≥ 60℃; ④ Cell temperature rise rate > 1℃ / s.

[0074] III. Tiered Response and Handling Strategy (Complete Coverage by Thermal Runaway Stage) (a) Response actions in the early stage of thermal runaway Vehicle instrument panel warning: The buzzer sounds intermittently, and the red warning light flashes. Central control screen interaction: A pop-up window containing the text "Early warning of cell thermal runaway" appears, and the location of the abnormal cell is displayed simultaneously; In-vehicle voice broadcast: The broadcast will be performed with preset voice content (such as "Please note that there are cells in the battery pack that are in the early stage of thermal runaway. Please pay attention to safety"). Data recording and retention: The battery management system (BMS) storage unit records real-time characteristic gas composition, early warning trigger time, and abnormal cell location information.

[0075] (ii) Mid-term response actions of thermal runaway Enhanced warnings on vehicle instruments: The buzzer will sound continuously, and the red warning light will flash at a high frequency; High-frequency voice broadcast: Broadcasts mid-term warning messages for thermal runaway at a higher frequency than in previous broadcasts; The central control screen displays a high-brightness message: a pop-up window with the text "Mid-term warning of thermal runaway of battery cell" appears in orange highlight style, and the location of the abnormal battery cell is displayed at the same time; Multi-terminal information push: The vehicle terminal establishes communication with the user's mobile terminal and pushes early warning information; Increase data acquisition frequency: Adjust BMS parameters to increase the acquisition frequency of characteristic gas components of abnormal battery cells.

[0076] (III) Response actions during the severe fault phase Early warning system: Central control screen: A pop-up window with the text "Critical cell failure warning" appears with a full-screen semi-transparent red background, magnifies the location of the abnormal cell, and simultaneously pushes the warning information to the user's mobile terminal and cloud management platform; In-vehicle voice prompts: "The battery cell has entered a critical failure stage and safety procedures will be initiated soon" at the highest volume and shortest intervals.

[0077] Key actions to take: Electromagnetic ejection start: A start command is sent to the BMS, and the BMS sends an energizing signal to the ejection unit corresponding to the abnormal cell. The ejection unit is instantly energized to generate a strong magnetic field, which pushes the abnormal cell to be ejected along a preset track (bottom or side of the battery pack).

[0078] Post-processing closed-loop: Fire isolation and fire extinguishing: After the pressure sensing unit detects the downward pressure of the abnormal battery cell popping out, it triggers the fire isolation chamber to release the built-in aerogel or perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent, driving the fire blanket to unfold and seal the bottom opening of the battery pack. Full data retention: The BMS storage unit records the characteristic gas composition of abnormal cells, ejection trigger time, and fault handling process data, and simultaneously uploads them to the cloud management platform.

[0079] High-level audio-visual warning: Vehicle instrument panel: The buzzer sounds continuously at a high frequency, and the red warning light flashes rapidly.

[0080] (iv) Response actions triggered by abnormal electrical / thermal parameters When the cell voltage is detected to be ≤ (a-0.2)V or ≥ (b+0.2)V, or the temperature is ≥60℃, or the temperature rise rate is >1℃ / s, the complete response actions of the above "serious fault stage" (including emergency warning, electromagnetic catapult, fire prevention and isolation fire extinguishing, and data retention) are directly executed.

[0081] IV. Key Technology Collaboration Mechanism Synergistic Sensing: The combination of stage-specific identification of characteristic gases with supplementary acquisition of temperature, voltage, and temperature rise rate parameters avoids blind spots in single-dimensional monitoring and improves the accuracy of stage determination. Coordinated Response: The response actions at each stage are progressively advanced, from early warning to enhanced monitoring in the middle stage, and then to physical isolation and firefighting in the severe stage, forming a tiered risk management system; Coordinated response: The linkage between the electromagnetic catapult and the fireproof isolation chamber (through signal transmission via pressure sensing unit) ensures a seamless "ejection-isolation-fire extinguishing" process, preventing the spread of thermal runaway from the source. Data collaboration: Combining local storage (BMS) with cloud uploads enables full-cycle data support for fault tracing, remote monitoring, and system optimization.

[0082] Secondly, this application provides a battery pack thermal runaway early warning device, which includes a thermal runaway stage identification and response module, which is used to simultaneously collect thermal runaway characteristic gas components near the battery cell 2 in the battery pack based on a preset thermal runaway stage division standard, thereby determining the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell 2, and executing corresponding response actions according to the determination result.

[0083] In this embodiment, during the thermal runaway evolution process, cell 2 will release thermal runaway characteristic gases that have a specific correspondence with the thermal runaway stage it is in. The thermal runaway stage identification and response module, based on the preset thermal runaway stage division standard, simultaneously collects the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near cell 2 in the battery pack. By determining the thermal runaway stage of cell 2 through the preset correspondence between the characteristic gas type and the thermal runaway stage, the module executes a matching response action according to the determined thermal runaway stage. This effectively solves the problem that traditional battery management systems rely on detecting abnormal parameters of cell 2, which makes it difficult to achieve early warning because the parameters change very little in the early stage of thermal runaway. This ensures the accuracy of thermal runaway stage identification and the adaptability of the response action.

[0084] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the thermal runaway stage identification and response module includes: a gas acquisition module, which is used to acquire thermal runaway characteristic gas components near individual cells 2 in the battery pack, and is configured to correspond one-to-one with individual cells 2; a stage determination module, which is electrically connected to the gas acquisition module, pre-stores thermal runaway stage division criteria, and is used to receive gas data transmitted by the gas acquisition module, analyze it, and determine the thermal runaway stage in which the individual cell 2 is located; and a response execution module, which is electrically connected to the stage determination module, and is used to execute corresponding response actions when the stage determination module determines that the cell 2 is in the thermal runaway stage.

[0085] In this embodiment, during the thermal runaway evolution process, cell 2 releases thermal runaway characteristic gases that have a specific correspondence with the thermal runaway stage it is in. The gas acquisition module included in the thermal runaway stage identification and response module is configured one-to-one with a single cell 2, and can selectively collect the thermal runaway characteristic gas components near the corresponding cell 2. The stage determination module, which is electrically connected to the gas acquisition module, pre-stores the thermal runaway stage division criteria. After receiving the gas data transmitted by the gas acquisition module, it analyzes and determines the thermal runaway stage of a single cell 2 based on the preset correspondence between the gas data and the thermal runaway stage. The response execution module, which is electrically connected to the stage determination module, executes the matching response action after the stage determination module outputs the determination result. Through the coordinated cooperation of each module, the problem of insufficient early warning caused by the small initial parameter changes when relying on the battery management system to detect abnormal parameters of cell 2 in the traditional way is avoided, ensuring the specificity of thermal runaway stage identification of a single cell 2 and the accurate adaptation of the response action.

[0086] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the response execution module includes: an ejection drive module, which is electrically connected to the stage determination module, and is used to drive the abnormal battery cell 2 to eject along a preset path when the stage determination module determines that it is a serious fault stage.

[0087] In this embodiment, when the stage determination module determines that the cell 2 is in a serious fault stage, the ejection drive module electrically connected to the stage determination module receives the corresponding determination signal and then drives the abnormal cell 2 to eject along a preset path, which can promptly separate the abnormal cell 2 from the battery pack body and prevent the thermal runaway state of the abnormal cell 2 from spreading to other cells 2 in the battery pack.

[0088] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation method, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the ejection drive module includes: multiple ejection units, each ejection unit including two energized guide rails 3, and an electric drive 6 slidably installed between the two energized guide rails 3, the electric drive 6 being used to connect to the corresponding battery cell 2.

[0089] In this embodiment, the ejection drive module contains multiple ejection units that are adapted to the battery cell 2. The two energized guide rails 3 of each ejection unit provide installation and movement support for the electric drive 6. The electric drive 6 is slidably installed between the two energized guide rails 3 and connected to the corresponding battery cell 2. When the stage determination module determines that the battery cell 2 is in a serious fault stage, the energized guide rails 3 are energized to make the electric drive 6 slide along the guide rails, thereby driving the abnormal battery cell 2 to eject along a preset path, realizing the rapid separation of the abnormal battery cell 2 from the battery pack body and avoiding thermal runaway propagation.

[0090] The ejection drive module includes multiple ejection units corresponding one-to-one with individual cells 2 in the battery pack. Each ejection unit is equipped with two parallel energized rails 3. An electric drive 6 is installed between the two energized rails 3 through a sliding fit. Each cell 2 is fixedly installed on the electric drive 6 of its corresponding ejection unit, so that the cell 2 can move synchronously with the electric drive 6 along the extension direction of the energized rails 3. At the same time, the battery module also includes a busbar, which is arranged laterally along the top of multiple cells 2 and electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals on the top of each cell 2 through a welding process to establish an electrical path between each cell 2 and ensure the normal power supply function of the battery pack. When the stage determination module determines that a single battery cell 2 is in a critical fault stage, the energized guide rail 3 of the ejection unit corresponding to the battery cell 2 receives the drive signal and is energized, causing the electric drive 6 to slide along the extension direction of the guide rail under the electromagnetic force generated by the energized guide rail 3. This drives the abnormal battery cell 2 to move and eject along the preset ejection path (such as the bottom or side of the battery pack) with the electric drive 6. During this process, the welding part between the top of the abnormal battery cell 2 and the busbar is physically separated as the battery cell 2 moves, and the electrical connection between the battery cell 2 and the busbar is cut off simultaneously. This achieves physical isolation between the abnormal battery cell 2 and the main body of the battery pack, and avoids the abnormal battery cell 2 from being continuously connected to the electrical circuit and causing secondary risks. This further ensures the safety and reliability of the ejection drive module in handling the abnormal battery cell 2.

[0091] The battery module includes a frame 1, which serves as the main body of the battery pack thermal runaway early warning device and carries the mounting carrier for other components. The frame 1 includes multiple cell 2 mounting areas, with ejection units set in the corresponding cell 2 mounting areas, and the cells 2 are set between the ejection units.

[0092] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the electric drive 6 has a through hole along the height direction of the vehicle body, and the two opposite inner sidewalls of the through hole are provided with elastic fasteners, which are used to engage with the slots on the opposite outer sidewalls of the battery cell 2 housing.

[0093] In this embodiment, the through hole opened along the height direction of the vehicle body of the electric drive 6 provides a fitting space for the assembly of the battery cell 2. The elastic fasteners on the two inner sidewalls of the through hole can form a snap-fit ​​with the slots on the two outer sidewalls of the battery cell 2 housing, thereby realizing a stable connection between the electric drive 6 and the corresponding battery cell 2. When the stage determination module determines that the battery cell 2 is in a serious fault stage and the power-on guide rail 3 powers the electric drive 6 to slide along the guide rail, the electric drive 6 drives the abnormal battery cell 2 to pop out synchronously along the preset path through the snap-fit ​​action of the elastic fasteners and the slots, ensuring the reliability of the separation of the abnormal battery cell 2 from the battery pack body.

[0094] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the response execution module further includes a fireproof isolation module, which is disposed below the ejection drive module, for receiving and isolating abnormal battery cells 2 ejected along a preset path.

[0095] In this embodiment, the fireproof isolation module is located below the ejection drive module and corresponds to the preset ejection path of the ejection drive module. When the ejection drive module drives the abnormal cell 2 to eject along the preset path, the fireproof isolation module receives the abnormal cell 2 and isolates it to prevent the abnormal cell 2 from continuously releasing heat or harmful gases after ejection, which may affect the battery pack and other parts of the vehicle, and further block the spread of thermal runaway risk.

[0096] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation method, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fireproof isolation module includes: a fireproof isolation chamber 4, which is installed at the bottom of the ejection drive module; a roller shutter mechanism 5, which is installed at the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber 4; and a fireproof isolation control unit, which is connected to the roller shutter mechanism 5. The fireproof isolation control unit is used to control the roller shutter mechanism 5 to open and close the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber 4 when it receives a signal that the abnormal battery cell 2 is ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber 4.

[0097] In this embodiment, the fireproof isolation chamber 4 of the fireproof isolation module is installed at the bottom of the ejection drive module and corresponds to the preset ejection path of the ejection drive module. The roller shutter mechanism 5 is assembled at the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber 4. The fireproof isolation control unit is connected to the roller shutter mechanism 5 and can receive the signal that the abnormal battery cell 2 is ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber 4. When the ejection drive module drives the abnormal battery cell 2 to eject into the fireproof isolation chamber 4 along the preset path, the fireproof isolation control unit receives the signal and controls the roller shutter mechanism 5 to unfold, so as to close the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber 4, thereby achieving airtight isolation of the abnormal battery cell 2 and preventing the heat, harmful gases and flames released by the abnormal battery cell 2 from spreading to the outside of the chamber.

[0098] Specifically, the fireproof isolation chamber 4 is installed at the bottom of the ejection drive module to adapt to the falling or moving path of the abnormal battery cell 2 ejected by the ejection drive module, providing a dedicated isolation space for the abnormal battery cell 2; the roller shutter mechanism 5 is installed at the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber 4 to control the opening and closing state of the top opening; one end of the fireproof isolation control unit is connected to the roller shutter mechanism 5, and the other end can receive the trigger signal (such as pressure signal, displacement signal, etc.) for the abnormal battery cell 2 to be ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber 4. When the stage determination module determines that a single battery cell 2 is in a serious fault stage, and the ejection drive module drives the abnormal battery cell 2 to be ejected along a preset path, the fireproof isolation control unit simultaneously receives the signal that the abnormal battery cell 2 is about to be ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber 4, and then triggers the control command to drive the roller shutter mechanism 5 to operate. The roller shutter mechanism 5 closes the top opening, confining the abnormal battery cell 2 within the fireproof isolation chamber 4, preventing it from contacting other components of the battery pack or the external environment after being ejected and causing secondary risks (such as open flame spread, electrolyte leakage and contamination, etc.).

[0099] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the roller shutter mechanism 5 includes a roller 7, a fireproof blanket 8 sleeved on the outer wall of the roller 7, a drive motor 11, a turntable 10 sleeved on the outer wall of the output shaft of the drive motor 11, and a wire harness 9 wound around the outer wall of the turntable 10. The two ends of the roller 7 are installed inside the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber 4, and the roller 7 is equipped with a coil spring. The elastic force of the coil spring tends to drive the fireproof blanket 8 on the roller 7 to automatically rewind. The drive motor 11 is installed on the side away from the cylinder. The drive motor 11 drives the turntable 10 to rotate, causing the wire harness 9 on the turntable 10 to rewind, thereby causing the fireproof blanket 8 to unfold, covering the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber 4, and completing the fireproof isolation of the fireproof isolation chamber 4. Similarly, the drive motor 11 reverses to drive the turntable 10 to reverse, causing the wire harness 9 on the turntable 10 to unwind, and the roller 7 rotates in the opposite direction under the elastic force of the coil spring, causing the fireproof blanket 8 to rewind.

[0100] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the fireproof isolation module further includes: a pressure sensing unit, which is installed at the end of the ejection path of the ejection drive module and connected to the fireproof isolation control unit, and is used to monitor the pressure signal of the abnormal battery cell 2 ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber 4.

[0101] In this embodiment, the pressure sensing unit of the fireproof isolation module is mounted at the end of the ejection path of the ejection drive module and is electrically connected to the fireproof isolation control unit. When the ejection drive module drives the abnormal battery cell 2 to eject along the preset path into the fireproof isolation chamber 4, the abnormal battery cell 2 will trigger the pressure sensing unit to generate a pressure signal when it reaches the end of the ejection path. The pressure sensing unit transmits the pressure signal to the fireproof isolation control unit. Based on the pressure signal, the fireproof isolation control unit determines that the abnormal battery cell 2 has been ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber 4 and controls the roller shutter mechanism 5 to open and close the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber 4, ensuring the timely sealing and isolation of the abnormal battery cell 2 and preventing the heat, harmful gases and flames released by it from spreading outward.

[0102] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, a fire extinguishing device can also be installed inside the fireproof isolation chamber 4, which sprays aerogel or perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire.

[0103] In summary, the battery pack thermal runaway early warning device provided in this application embodiment is a hardware carrier for realizing the thermal runaway early warning method of "multi-dimensional anomaly perception - staged accurate judgment - graded response and disposal - full-process closed-loop management". It takes the thermal runaway stage identification and response module as the core, and is equipped with multi-dimensional perception, driving, isolation and fire extinguishing functional components to form a complete hardware system with structural coordination, signal interconnection and continuous action.

[0104] I. Overall Technical Architecture and Core Positioning (I) Core Positioning This device is designed specifically for power battery packs of new energy vehicles. Through dual-dimensional sensing of "gas + electrical / thermal parameters", phased judgment algorithm and hardware integration of physical isolation and fire extinguishing, it solves the pain points of traditional devices such as "lagging early warning, insufficient prevention and control of thermal runaway spread, and low reliability of handling", and realizes full-cycle hardware support for thermal runaway from early identification to handling of serious faults.

[0105] (II) Overall Structural Composition The device is divided into two main parts: the core functional module and the auxiliary load-bearing / electrical components. Core functional modules: Thermal runaway stage identification and response module (including gas acquisition module, stage determination module, and response execution module); the response execution module further includes ejection drive module, fireproof isolation module, and early warning execution component (implicit in the response logic).

[0106] Auxiliary load-bearing / electrical components: Frame 1, busbar, pressure sensing unit, fire extinguishing device, etc., provide the core module with a mounting carrier, electrical path and trigger signal support.

[0107] II. Detailed breakdown of core functional modules (I) Overall Module: Thermal Runaway Stage Identification and Response Module 1. Core Functions As the "central hub and execution control" of the device, it simultaneously collects the characteristic gas composition of thermal runaway near the battery cell 2 based on the preset thermal runaway stage division standard, and drives each execution component to complete the corresponding response action after determining the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell 2. It is the core hub connecting perception, judgment and handling.

[0108] 2. Module composition and connection relationship The gas acquisition module, stage determination module, and response execution module form a closed loop through electrical connection. The stage determination module is the "data processing and command issuance center" and is electrically connected to the gas acquisition module (receiving gas data), the ejection drive module (issuing ejection commands), the fire isolation control unit (issuing isolation commands), and the early warning execution component (issuing early warning commands). The pressure sensing unit is electrically connected to the fire isolation control unit (transmitting trigger signals), forming cross-module signal linkage.

[0109] (II) Sub-module 1: Gas acquisition module 1. Structural Design Installation method: Configured one-to-one with each individual cell 2 in the battery pack to ensure that the gas monitoring of each cell is targeted and to avoid cross-interference.

[0110] Core function: Accurately collect the characteristic gas components of thermal runaway near the corresponding cell 2, specifically including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and propylene (C3H6).

[0111] 2. Technological role By using a "one-to-one" acquisition mode, it provides precise gas data at the "single cell level" for the stage determination module, solving the problem that traditional centralized acquisition cannot locate abnormal cells. It is the basic sensing hardware for achieving accurate determination of thermal runaway stages.

[0112] (III) Sub-module two: Stage determination module 1. Core Configuration Data storage: Pre-store the criteria for dividing thermal runaway stages (i.e., the correspondence between "characteristic gas combination - thermal runaway stage" and the threshold criteria for electrical / thermal parameters).

[0113] Data processing: Receives gas data transmitted from the gas acquisition module, combines it with voltage, temperature, and temperature rise rate data from the electrical / thermal parameter acquisition unit (implicitly located in the battery management system and electrically connected to the module), and executes a stage determination algorithm.

[0114] 2. Functional Output Based on the judgment result, a differentiated instruction is issued to the response execution module: Early stage of thermal runaway: Issue early warning instructions; Mid-stage thermal runaway: Issue mid-stage early warning instructions; Severe failure phase: Issue emergency warning commands and ejection start commands, and simultaneously send a "waiting to trigger isolation" signal to the fire isolation control unit.

[0115] (iv) Sub-module three: Response execution module (core execution hardware) As the "key carrier for implementing the judgment results", it is divided into three parts: early warning execution component, ejection drive module, and fireproof isolation module, realizing the execution of the entire process of "early warning-ejection-isolation-fire extinguishing".

[0116] 1. Early warning execution component (implicitly integrated) Hardware carriers: vehicle instrument panel (including buzzer and red warning light), central control screen, vehicle voice system, and battery management system (BMS) storage unit.

[0117] Action logic: Receive instructions from the stage determination module and execute differentiated early warnings according to the stage: Initial stage: intermittent buzzer sound + flashing red warning light, red pop-up window in central control (including battery cell location), preset voice broadcast, BMS stores gas data + warning time + battery cell location; Mid-term: Buzzer continuously sounds + high-frequency flashing red warning light, bright orange pop-up window on central control, high-frequency voice broadcast, push warnings to user's mobile device, BMS increases gas sampling frequency; Serious malfunction: The buzzer sounds continuously at a high frequency + the red warning light flashes rapidly, the central control screen displays a semi-transparent red pop-up window (enlarging the location of the battery cell), the highest volume high-frequency emergency broadcast is activated, and a warning is pushed to the user's mobile device and the cloud.

[0118] 2. Ejection drive module (core hardware for handling critical malfunctions) Core positioning: To achieve "physical isolation + electrical disconnection" between the abnormal cell 2 and the main body of the battery pack, thereby blocking the spread of thermal runaway from the root.

[0119] Structural composition: Multiple ejection units corresponding one-to-one with a single battery cell 2. Each ejection unit contains "two energized rails 3 + electric drive 6", and a matching busbar realizes electrical connection and separation.

[0120] (1) Powered guide rail 3: Structure: Each ejection unit is equipped with two parallel electrically conductive rails 3, which provide sliding support and electromagnetic driving force for the electric drive 6.

[0121] Function: After receiving the ejection command from the stage determination module, it is powered on to generate electromagnetic force to drive the electric drive 6 to slide along the guide rail.

[0122] (2) Electric drive 6: Installation relationship: It is slidably assembled between two energized guide rails 3 and fixedly connected to the corresponding battery cell 2.

[0123] Key connection structure: A through hole is opened along the height of the vehicle body, and elastic fasteners are provided on the two inner side walls of the hole. These fasteners engage with the slots on the two outer side walls of the battery cell 2 housing to achieve a stable connection between the electric drive 6 and the battery cell 2 (ensuring synchronous movement during ejection).

[0124] (3) Busbar: Layout method: The battery cells are laid out horizontally along the top of multiple cells 2 and welded to the positive / negative terminals on the top of each cell 2 to form an electrical path between the cells.

[0125] Linkage function: When ejected, the battery cell 2 moves with the electric drive 6, and the welded part physically breaks, simultaneously cutting off the connection between the abnormal battery cell 2 and the electrical circuit to avoid secondary electrical risks.

[0126] (4) Adaptation with Frame 1: Frame 1 is the main load-bearing structure of the device, with multiple battery cell 2 installation areas inside. Each area is configured with one set of ejection units, and the battery cells 2 are installed between the ejection units to ensure that the ejection path is unobstructed.

[0127] Workflow: The stage determination module determines that cell 2 is in a serious fault stage and sends a power-on signal to the power-on rail 3 of the corresponding ejection unit; When the energized guide rail 3 is energized, it generates electromagnetic force, which drives the electric drive 6 to slide along the guide rail towards a preset path (bottom or side of the battery pack); The electric drive 6 uses the snap-fit ​​action of the elastic fastener-slot to drive the battery cell 2 to pop out synchronously, and the welded part between the battery cell 2 and the busbar breaks, achieving the dual effect of "physical isolation + electrical cut-off".

[0128] 3. Fireproof isolation module (closed-loop control hardware after ejection) Core function: Receives the ejected abnormal battery cell 2 and blocks the spread of its heat / flame / harmful gas through "sealed isolation + active fire extinguishing", forming a "ejection-isolation-fire extinguishing" closed loop.

[0129] Installation location: Fixed below the ejection drive module, precisely aligned with the preset ejection path to ensure that cell 2 can fall directly into the ejection path after being ejected.

[0130] Structural components: fireproof isolation compartment 4, roller shutter mechanism 5, fireproof isolation control unit, pressure sensing unit, and fire extinguishing device. All components work together to achieve isolation and fire extinguishing.

[0131] (1) Fireproof isolation compartment 4: Structure: A sealed cavity with an opening at the top is installed at the bottom of the ejection drive module, providing a dedicated isolation space for the abnormal cell 2.

[0132] Supporting components: The cabin is equipped with a pre-installed fire extinguishing device that can spray aerogel or perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent.

[0133] (2) Roller blind mechanism 5 (top opening and closing control): Detailed structure: Includes roller 7, fire blanket 8, drive motor 11, turntable 10, wiring harness 9, and coil spring; Roller 7: Both ends are installed inside the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber 4, with built-in coil springs (the elasticity tends to drive the fireproof blanket 8 to rewind). Fire blanket 8: fitted onto the outer wall of roller 7 to seal the top opening; Drive motor 11: Installed on the side away from roller 7, with output shaft sleeved on turntable 10, one end of wire harness 9 connected to the free end of fireproof blanket 8, and the other end wound around turntable 10.

[0134] Mechanism of action: Unfolding: The drive motor 11 rotates forward, causing the turntable 10 to rotate, winding up the wire harness 9 and pulling the fireproof blanket 8 to unfold, thus closing the top opening; Reset: Drive motor 11 reverses, turntable 10 releases wire harness 9, roller 7 reverses under the action of spring force, and fire blanket 8 is wound up to open the opening.

[0135] (3) Fireproof isolation control unit: Function: The "signal receiving - command issuing" hub is electrically connected to the stage determination module (receiving the ejection warning signal), the pressure sensing unit (receiving the trigger signal), the roller shutter mechanism 5 (issuing the opening and closing command), and the fire extinguishing device (issuing the fire extinguishing command).

[0136] (4) Pressure sensing unit: Installation location: Fixed at the end of the ejection path (at the entrance of fireproof isolation chamber 4), and electrically connected to the fireproof isolation control unit.

[0137] Function: Monitors the pressure signal when abnormal battery cell 2 is ejected into the cabin, serving as a precise trigger for the closing of the roller shutter and the activation of the fire extinguishing system.

[0138] Workflow: When the stage determination module issues the ejection command, it simultaneously sends an "ejection warning" signal to the fire isolation control unit; Abnormal battery cell 2 is ejected into fireproof isolation chamber 4, and upon reaching the end of the ejection path, it triggers the pressure sensing unit, generates a pressure signal, and transmits it to the control unit. After receiving the pressure signal, the control unit simultaneously issues two commands: The instruction to open the roller shutter mechanism 5 is: drive motor 11 rotates forward to drive turntable 10 to wind up wire harness 9, and pulls fire blanket 8 to open and close the top opening, thus achieving airtight isolation; Issue an activation command to the fire extinguishing device: spray aerogel or perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent to suppress the combustion of battery cell 2 or residual open flame; After the fault is resolved, the drive motor 11 reverses, and the fire blanket 8 is reset by the action of the coil spring, which facilitates subsequent maintenance.

[0139] III. Auxiliary load-bearing and electrical components 1. Framework 1 Core function: The "skeleton" of the device provides an installation benchmark for all functional modules. By dividing the installation area of ​​battery cell 2, it ensures the precise relative positions of each ejection unit, battery cell 2, and fireproof isolation chamber 4, and ensures that the ejection path is aligned with the isolation chamber.

[0140] 2. Busbar Its core function is to provide the electrical path for the normal power supply of the battery pack, and through the "welding connection + ejection break" design, to achieve electrical isolation of the abnormal cell 2, so as to avoid secondary risks such as short circuit and leakage caused by the continuous connection of cell 2 to the circuit after ejection.

[0141] IV. Key Collaborative Workflows (Full Lifecycle Closed Loop) Perception-Judgment Phase: The gas acquisition module (one-to-one) acquires characteristic gases near cell 2, and the electrical / thermal parameter acquisition unit acquires voltage, temperature, and temperature rise rate, which are then synchronously transmitted to the stage determination module. The module calls pre-stored standards, matches gas combinations or electrical / thermal parameter thresholds, and determines the stage of thermal runaway (early stage / middle stage / severe failure).

[0142] Early warning-response phase: Early / Mid-term: Module-driven early warning execution components output differentiated early warning signals according to stages and retain data synchronously; Serious Fault: ① The module-driven early warning execution component outputs a high-level emergency warning; ② It sends a command to the ejection drive module to complete the "physical + electrical" dual isolation of the abnormal cell 2; ③ It sends a warning signal to the fire isolation control unit.

[0143] Isolation-Extinguishing Phase: The pressure sensing unit detects the signal of battery cell 2 entering the chamber and transmits it to the fireproof isolation control unit; The control unit drives the roller shutter mechanism 5 to seal the fireproof isolation chamber 4 and simultaneously activates the fire extinguishing device to achieve "isolation upon ejection and fire extinguishing upon isolation"; All data (gas data, ejection time, and disposal process) is stored in the BMS and uploaded to the cloud.

[0144] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack thermal runaway early warning device, which can be a personal computer (PC), laptop computer, server, or other device with data processing capabilities.

[0145] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a battery pack thermal runaway early warning device involved in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the battery pack thermal runaway early warning device may include a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus.

[0146] The communication bus can be of any type and is used to interconnect the processor, memory, and communication interface.

[0147] The communication interface includes input / output (I / O) interfaces, physical interfaces, and logical interfaces used for interconnecting components within the battery pack thermal runaway warning device, as well as interfaces used for interconnecting the battery pack thermal runaway warning device with other devices (such as other computing devices or user equipment). Physical interfaces can be Ethernet interfaces, fiber optic interfaces, ATM interfaces, etc.; user equipment can be displays, keyboards, etc.

[0148] Memory can be various types of storage media, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), flash memory, optical storage, hard disk, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), etc.

[0149] The processor can be a general-purpose processor, which can call the battery pack thermal runaway warning program stored in the memory and execute the battery pack thermal runaway warning method provided in the embodiments of this application. For example, the general-purpose processor can be a central processing unit (CPU). The method executed when the battery pack thermal runaway warning program is called can refer to the various embodiments of the battery pack thermal runaway warning method of this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0150] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5 The hardware structure shown does not constitute a limitation of this application and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0151] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a readable storage medium.

[0152] The present application has a readable storage medium storing a battery pack thermal runaway warning program, wherein when the battery pack thermal runaway warning program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the battery pack thermal runaway warning method as described above.

[0153] The method implemented when the battery pack thermal runaway early warning procedure is executed can be referred to in the various embodiments of the battery pack thermal runaway early warning method of this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0154] It should be noted that the sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0155] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus. The terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used to distinguish different objects, etc., and do not indicate a sequence, nor do they limit "first," "second," and "third" to different types.

[0156] In the description of the embodiments of this application, terms such as "exemplary," "for example," or "for instance" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary," "for example," or "for instance" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary," "for example," or "for instance" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0157] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. The "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more.

[0158] In some processes described in the embodiments of this application, multiple operations or steps are included in a specific order. However, it should be understood that these operations or steps may not be executed in the order they appear in the embodiments of this application, or they may be executed in parallel. The sequence number of the operation is only used to distinguish different operations, and the sequence number itself does not represent any execution order. In addition, these processes may include more or fewer operations, and these operations or steps may be executed sequentially or in parallel, and these operations or steps may be combined.

[0159] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above, and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0160] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of thermal runaway in a battery pack, characterized in that, The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method includes: Based on the preset thermal runaway stage classification criteria, the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell in the battery pack is collected simultaneously to determine the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell, and corresponding response actions are executed according to the determination results.

2. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard, the system simultaneously collects the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell within the battery pack to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell. Based on the determination result, corresponding response actions are executed, including: If carbon dioxide and methane, two characteristic gases in the early stage of thermal runaway, are detected near a single battery cell, the single battery cell is determined to be in the early stage of thermal runaway, and a thermal runaway early warning response is executed.

3. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard, the system simultaneously collects the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell within the battery pack to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell. Based on the determination result, corresponding response actions are executed, including: If carbon monoxide and hydrogen, two characteristic gases in the middle stage of thermal runaway, are detected near a single battery cell, the single battery cell is determined to be in the middle stage of thermal runaway, and a response action for the middle stage of thermal runaway warning is executed.

4. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard, the system simultaneously collects the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell within the battery pack to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell. Based on the determination result, corresponding response actions are executed, including: If hydrogen fluoride, methane, and propylene—three characteristic gases of a severe fault stage—are detected near a single battery cell, the single battery cell is determined to be in a severe fault stage, and a severe fault stage response action is executed.

5. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The response actions during the severe fault phase include activating the cell electromagnetic ejection mechanism, cutting off the battery pack power output circuit, and triggering the pre-start of the vehicle-mounted fire suppression system.

6. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Based on the preset thermal runaway stage classification criteria, the temperature and voltage abnormality characteristic parameters of the cells in the battery pack are collected simultaneously to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell and execute the corresponding response action according to the determination result.

7. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The method, based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard, simultaneously collects abnormal temperature and voltage characteristic parameters of the cells within the battery pack to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell. Based on the determination result, corresponding response actions are executed, including: If the collected voltage data of a single cell is less than or equal to the preset lower limit deviation threshold, then the single cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

8. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The method, based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard, simultaneously collects abnormal temperature and voltage characteristic parameters of the cells within the battery pack to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell. Based on the determination result, corresponding response actions are executed, including: If the collected voltage data of a single cell is greater than or equal to the preset upper limit deviation threshold, then the single cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

9. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The method, based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard, simultaneously collects abnormal temperature and voltage characteristic parameters of the cells within the battery pack to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell. Based on the determination result, corresponding response actions are executed, including: If the temperature threshold of a single battery cell is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, then the single battery cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

10. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method, based on a preset thermal runaway stage classification standard, simultaneously collects abnormal temperature and voltage characteristic parameters of the cells within the battery pack to determine the thermal runaway stage of the cell. Based on the determination result, corresponding response actions are executed, including: If the temperature rise rate of a single battery cell is greater than or equal to the preset temperature rise rate threshold, then the single battery cell is identified as having abnormal parameters, and a response action for a severe fault stage is executed.

11. A battery pack thermal runaway early warning device, characterized in that, The battery pack thermal runaway early warning device includes: The thermal runaway stage identification and response module is used to simultaneously collect the thermal runaway characteristic gas composition near the battery cell in the battery pack based on the preset thermal runaway stage division criteria, thereby determining the thermal runaway stage of the battery cell, and executing the corresponding response action according to the determination result.

12. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning device as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The thermal runaway phase identification and response module includes: The gas acquisition module is used to collect the thermal runaway characteristic gas components near individual cells in the battery pack, and is configured to correspond one-to-one with each individual cell. The stage determination module is electrically connected to the gas acquisition module, pre-stores thermal runaway stage division criteria, and is used to receive gas data transmitted by the gas acquisition module, analyze it and determine the thermal runaway stage of a single cell. The response execution module is electrically connected to the stage determination module and is used to execute a corresponding response action when the stage determination module determines that the cell is in the thermal runaway stage.

13. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning device as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The response execution module includes: The ejection drive module is electrically connected to the stage determination module and is used to drive the abnormal battery cell to eject along a preset path when the stage determination module determines that the stage is a serious fault stage.

14. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning device as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The ejection drive module includes: Multiple ejection units, each ejection unit including two energized rails, with an electric drive slidably mounted between the two energized rails, the electric drive being used to connect to a corresponding battery cell.

15. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning device as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The electric drive has a through hole along the height of the vehicle body, and elastic fasteners are provided on the two opposite inner sidewalls of the through hole. The elastic fasteners are used to engage with the slots on the opposite outer sidewalls of the battery cell housing.

16. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning device as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The response execution module also includes: A fireproof isolation module is located below the ejection drive module and is used to receive and isolate abnormal battery cells ejected along a preset path.

17. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning device as described in claim 16, characterized in that, The fireproof isolation module includes: A fireproof isolation chamber is installed at the bottom of the ejection drive module; A roller shutter mechanism is installed at the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber; A fireproof isolation control unit, which is connected to the roller shutter mechanism, is used to control the roller shutter mechanism to open and close the top opening of the fireproof isolation chamber when it receives a signal that an abnormal battery cell has been ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber.

18. The battery pack thermal runaway early warning device as described in claim 17, characterized in that, The fireproof isolation module also includes: The pressure sensing unit is installed at the end of the ejection path of the ejection drive module and connected to the fireproof isolation control unit. It is used to monitor the pressure signal of abnormal cells ejected into the fireproof isolation chamber.

19. A battery pack thermal runaway early warning device, characterized in that, The battery pack thermal runaway early warning device includes a processor, a memory, and a battery pack thermal runaway early warning program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein when the battery pack thermal runaway early warning program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the battery pack thermal runaway early warning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

20. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a battery pack thermal runaway warning program, wherein when the battery pack thermal runaway warning program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the battery pack thermal runaway warning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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